Apoptotic programmed cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Unlike other cancer genes, which promote cancer by stimulating cell proliferation, BCL2 promoted cancer by stopping lymphoma cells from being able to kill themselves. (wikipedia.org)
Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
TGF-β regulates a variety of different cellular developmental processes including growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to being found in plants, IP6 is contained within almost all mammalian cells, where it is important in regulating vital cellular functions such as signal transduction, cell proliferation, and differentiation. (naturalnews.com)
Reductions in cellular proliferation were observed in both cell lines. (naturalnews.com)
In addition to the arresting of cell proliferation, this process also induces the differentiation of malignant cells. (naturalnews.com)
BAG-1 is preferentially expressed in neuronal precursor cells of the adult mouse brain and regulates their proliferation in vitro. (nih.gov)
The introduction of cell culture techniques has helped a lot in understanding the physiological processes like cell signalling, neurobiology, cell proliferation, pathogenesis of diseases, apoptosis and even more. (benthamscience.com)
regulating the differentiation, proliferation, maintenance and sculpturing organs and tissues, functioning of immune system and the elimination of defective harmful cells. (benthamscience.com)
We are now aware that lung cancer tissues are rich in nontumor cells, of which stromal cells significantly regulate tumor proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Notch activity affects theimplementation of differentiation, proliferation, and apoptotic programs,providing a general developmental tool to influence organ formation andmorphogenesis. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
ABSTRACT This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. (who.int)
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of an abnormally differentiated, long-lived myeloid progenitor cell results in high circulating numbers of immature blood cells and replacement of normal marrow by malignant cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Abnormal proliferation, clonal expansion, aberrant differentiation, and diminished apoptosis (programmed cell death) lead to replacement of normal blood elements with malignant cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Establishing which of these anti-apoptotic mechanisms of action of CHX is operative in each cell death paradigm is clearly essential for proper interpretation of experimental results. (johnshopkins.edu)
Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such age-dependent differences in apoptotic response to neuronal injury have not been identified. (jneurosci.org)
An introductionto the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death and apoptosis assays and markers. (abcam.com)
Researchers concluded that IP6 decreased cellular growth of these cells by pro-apoptotic mechanisms. (naturalnews.com)
It enhances the anti-apoptotic effects of Bcl2 and represents a link between growth factor receptors and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Cell" for elucidating the intricate mechanisms. (benthamscience.com)
Studies with bortezomib (VELCADE, formerly known as PS-341) and other proteasome inhibitors indicate that cancer cells are especially dependent on the proteasome for survival, and several mechanisms used by prostate cancer cells require proteasome function. (aacrjournals.org)
Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the development of androgen independence in prostate cancer cells (4) . (aacrjournals.org)
You will also provide a molecular description of the major mechanisms regulating cell death in all their forms. (hstalks.com)
Part 1, molecular overview of the main mechanisms of regulated cell death. (hstalks.com)
Cells can die in different ways by using precise and highly regulated mechanisms of cell demolition, in which multiple genes evolutionarily conserved participate. (hstalks.com)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Research on vitamin D regulation of thymocyte selection, Th1 and Th17 cells, T-cell programed cell death, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells is summarized and integrated into model mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)
ALPS, as this disorder was subsequently named, has been shown to represent a failure of apoptotic mechanisms. (medscape.com)

After Fas stimulation, Daxx is activated and plays its role of pro-apoptotic protein in activating the c-JUN-N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
This pathway normally regulates stress-induced cell death. (wikipedia.org)
The real apoptotic process starts after activating this pathway. (wikipedia.org)
When the cell is treated with TGF-β, HIPK2, a nuclear kinase, phosphorylates Daxx and the activated Daxx in turn activates the JNK pathway (see "The Daxx Pathway" figure). (wikipedia.org)
Yet, ferroptosis also occurs in non-transformed tissues as demonstrated by this study, thus implicating this cell death pathway in the development of a wide range of pathological conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
These results suggest that differential expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3 genes may underlie regulation of apoptotic susceptibility during brain development, as well as after acute injury to mature brain, through the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. (jneurosci.org)
Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)
The oncogene Bcl2 encodes a membrane protein that blocks a step in a pathway leading to apoptosis or programmed cell death. (nih.gov)
BAG-1L Protects SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells Against Hypoxia/Re-oxygenation Through Up-Regulating HSP70 and Activating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. (nih.gov)
To the best of our knowledge, the current study was the first to demonstrate that EGCG + Zn2+ protects H9c2 cells against H/R injury through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, as determined by western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
Since EGCG + Zn2+ may, at least in part, protect cardiac myocytes against H/R‑induced apoptotic cell death, the PI3K/Akt pathway of EGCG may be enhanced by its interactions with zinc during H/R injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
Concomitant with the reduction of HH pathway activity, Tctn2 mutants exhibited increased cell death in the neurectoderm and facial ectoderm, culminating in a collapse of the facial midline. (elifesciences.org)
Enhancing HH signaling by decreasing the gene dosage of a negative regulator of the pathway, Ptch1 , decreased cell death and rescued the midface defect in both Tctn2 and Cc2d2a mutants. (elifesciences.org)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)
Since the Notch signaling pathway molecules play an important role in differentiation of epithelial cells, it is important to identify the presence of notch signaling molecules in SHED during the process of cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)
Knowledge on the expression analysis of Notch signaling pathway molecules in SHED cultured in KGM could highlight its involvement in controlling the biological activity of these stem cells, particularly during odontogenesis and other developmental process. (bvsalud.org)
[ 2 ] Other ALPS-associated genetic defects in the apoptotic pathway have since been identified. (medscape.com)
An NRAS mutation has been identified that represents the first identified case of ALPS resulting from a defect in the intrinsic, or mitochondrial, apoptotic pathway. (medscape.com)

How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
Discover pathways on apoptosis induction, caspase activation and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. (abcam.com)

Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)
acquired defects in the control of apoptosis may lead to a Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the method variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)
Apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) is a physiological process characteristic of pluricellular organisms leading to self-destruction of the cell. (techscience.com)
As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)

Objective: To investigate the induction of tanshinone [1 A (Tan fl A) on the differentiation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) into cardiomyocytes, and to provide an experimental basis for Tan IT A as a cardiomyocytc differentiation inducer. (researchgate.net)
Some extend regulated cell death can be considered an extreme form of cell differentiation that happens when cells fails to perform their normal intracellular routines. (hstalks.com)
Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Autophagy is generally considered as a cell survival/protection mechanism because it removes toxic or obsolete proteins and organelles and recycles the degradation products for use as sources for energy and metabolites in anabolic pathways 3 . (nature.com)
ARA55, ARA54, ARA70, BRCA1, and heat-shock proteins) may allow cells to become independent of androgens (intrinsic activation). (aacrjournals.org)
In conclusion, it appears that apoptotic signaling contributes to training-induced hypertrophy in skeletal muscle of young animals, by down regulation of pro- and up regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. (cdc.gov)
Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
Furthermore, administration of EGCG in vitro was observed to prevent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by regulating pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, including B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein, and by simultaneously regulating caspase-3 in isolated rat hearts ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
Active caspases can then cleave many proteins, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), other caspases and other protein substrates en masse. (bdbiosciences.com)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)

Anti-apoptotic actions of cycloheximide: Blockade of programmed cell death or induction of programmed cell life? (johnshopkins.edu)
For example, in embryonic rat hippocampal cell cultures CHX protects neurons against oxidative insults by a mechanism involving induction of neuroprotective gene products including Bcl-2. (johnshopkins.edu)
Dive into the research topics of 'Anti-apoptotic actions of cycloheximide: Blockade of programmed cell death or induction of programmed cell life? (johnshopkins.edu)
We hypothesize that a more rapid induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in bursal cells following IBDV infection leads to more severe disease in line W birds than in line 15I. (imperial.ac.uk)
Cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase in the accumulation of KSO-SFE-treated cells at sub-G1 phase, indicating the induction of apoptosis by KSO-SFE. (hindawi.com)
Their ability to kill cancer cells is mainly related to the induction of an oxidative stress, but recently it emerged their ability to inhibit the proteasome, a protein complex whose proteolitic activity is needed by several cellular process. (gla.ac.uk)
A significant time- and dose-dependent induction of adenylate kinase activity in HepG2 cells was noted from 0.1 to 12.5 µM fipronil followed by decreasing activities at 25 and 50 µM. (cdc.gov)
The possibility that cytotoxic effects were due to apoptosis was indicated by significant time- and dose-dependent induction of caspase-3/7 activity in both HepG2 cells and human hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
Treatment includes induction chemotherapy to achieve remission and postremission chemotherapy (with or without stem cell transplantation) to avoid relapse. (msdmanuals.com)

abstract = "Apoptosis is one of the key tools used by an embryo to regulate cell numbers and sculpt body shape. (bris.ac.uk)
ABSTRACT The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. (scienceopen.com)

They hypothesized that IP6 would inhibit the cell growth rate of Barrett's adenocarcinoma in vitro. (naturalnews.com)
They hypothesized that IP6 would significantly inhibit cell growth of cutaneous melanoma in vitro. (naturalnews.com)
They hypothesized that IP6 would significantly inhibit cell growth and increase the apoptotic rate of pancreatic cancer in vitro. (naturalnews.com)
Bortezomib has been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo , and anticancer activity has been seen in cell and animal models for several solid tumor types, including prostate cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Protocols portraying in vitro and ex vivo colorimetric and fluorescence-based enzyme kinetic studies as well as cell death assays are explained in the fifth chapter. (springer.com)
This study investigated whether hypoxic OM-MSCs could inhibit microglial cell death upon I/R insult in vitro . (aging-us.com)
Taken together, these findings reveal that hypoxia-preconditioned OM-MSC inhibits pyroptotic and apoptotic death of microglial cell in response to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion insult by activating HIF-1α in vitro . (aging-us.com)

10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
View our webinar focusing on the pathways of necroptotic cell death. (abcam.com)
According to Dr. Shamsuddin, when IP6 is administered it is rapidly taken into the cells and dephosphorylated to lower inositol phosphates, which further affect signal transduction pathways. (naturalnews.com)
The overall goals of this program were to produce and distribute mutant models for infertility and to investigate underlying causes in order to identify new genes and pathways contributing to reproductive function. (jax.org)

However, very rarely have investigators determined the effects of CHX on protein synthesis in their particular cell death paradigms. (johnshopkins.edu)
the expression levels of protein associated with apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of SKO-007 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. (researchgate.net)
Objective: To investigate the effects of prion protein 106-126 peptide on inducing apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. (researchgate.net)
Methods: After differentiated by nerve growth factor (NGF), the PC12 cells were infected by prion protein 106-126 peptide. (researchgate.net)
Conclusion: Prion protein 106-126 peptide can induce apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and present cellular toxicity definitely. (researchgate.net)
The anit-apoptotic Bcl2 protein level was significantly (p=0.033) increased by 28.7%, while the proapoptotic Bax protein content remained unchanged in experimental compared to control muslces after the training period. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, the level of pro-apoptotic AIF protein, which is thought to play a role in caspase independent signaling, was significantly decreased (p=0.046) by 51.7% in experimental as compared to control muscles. (cdc.gov)
These include members of the Bcl-2 protein family, course, and extent of programmed cell death will aid man- which have both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic activity agement of patients with severe infections. (cdc.gov)
Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
In accordance with its tumor suppressor role, the Retinoblastoma protein pRb can ensure pro-apoptotic functions. (sdbonline.org)

In the wild-type embryo, these dead cells are rapidly engulfed and cleared by macrophages. (bris.ac.uk)
However, it takes three times as many of these mesenchymal phagocytes to complete the task and, at each stage of the clearance process - in the recognition of apoptotic debris, its engulfment and finally its digestion - they appear to be less efficient than macrophages. (bris.ac.uk)
ETP augmented fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through recruitment of macrophages and endothelial cells. (jci.org)

The FHA cycle is active inside the cell, detoxifying superoxide anion radicals (O2·-), which are mainly generated as a result of so-called 'electron leakage' to triplet oxygen (O2) in photosynthetic, mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and probably other electron transport chains (Ozyigit et al. (deepdyve.com)

Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. (wikipedia.org)
Necrosis was long seen as a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury, but in the 2000s, a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, was recognized as an alternative form of programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Necrosis in the background and necrosed papillae were mostly seen in malignant atypical cells. (cytojournal.com)
It has generally been described that the toxic effects of copper complexes leads to cell death either by necrosis or through the activation of the apoptotic process. (gla.ac.uk)
Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Radio-frequency dose-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and cell death monitored by annexin V-BD Horizon™ V450. (bdbiosciences.com)
Radio-frequency dose-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and cell death monitored by annexin V-BD Horizon™ V450 in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines treated with a low dose of cetuximab targeted gold nanoparticles. (bdbiosciences.com)

Thus, Notch signalscontrol how cells respond to intrinsic or extrinsic developmental cues that arenecessary to unfold specific developmental programs. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Other studies showed that lack of Daxx gene caused a higher apoptotic rate in embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Human Embryonic Stem Cells Express Elevated Levels of Multiple Pro-Apoptotic BCL-2 Family Members. (ca.gov)
The therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells is extraordinary. (ca.gov)
The reasons that these cells hold so much promise are two-fold: (1) embryonic stem cells can renew themselves indefinitely (divide and divide and. (ca.gov)
and (2) embryonic stem cells can be trained to become any cell type of the body (neurons, heart muscle, skin, liver, kidney. (ca.gov)
While we have made great strides in developing culture conditions that can support self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, we are a long way from mastering the conditions necessary for differentiating embryonic stem cells into every cell type of the body (of which there are about 200). (ca.gov)
However, one of the major challenges facing the growth of embryonic stem cells is the abundance of cell death that occurs. (ca.gov)
Two of the greatest challenges in regenerative medicine today remain (1) the ability to culture human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) at a scale sufficient to satisfy clinical demand and (2) the ability to eliminate teratoma-forming cells from preparations of cells with clinically desirable phenotypes. (ca.gov)
Although massive numbers of cells die during development, they are so rapidly phagocytosed that very few corpses are ever seen in most embryonic tissues. (bris.ac.uk)
Extraction from 9 parameters of KSO-SFE was screened for cytotoxicity towards human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell lines using MTS assay. (hindawi.com)
Human colorectal cancer (HT29) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA. (hindawi.com)

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death (PCD) that may occur in multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Apoptosis is a mechanism of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. (abcam.com)

Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
The number of live RGCs was then counted using a cell viability assay. (molvis.org)
Cell viability was determined by using the MTT assay and the morphological changes were observed. (researchgate.net)
Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays are used usually for screening of drugs and cytotoxicity tests of chemicals. (benthamscience.com)
Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
Fipronil mediated activation of caspase-3/7 in concurrence with compromised ATP production and viability are attributed to apoptotic cell death. (cdc.gov)

Apoptotic peak was detected by flow cytometry and the ladder band appeared in DNA electrophoresis. (researchgate.net)
During apoptosis, PS translocates to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and can be detected by flow cytometry and cell imaging through binding to fluorochrome-labeled annexin V when calcium is present. (bdbiosciences.com)

Our results suggest that astaxanthin has a neuroprotective effect against RGC death induced by glutamate stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, which induce apoptotic and necrotic cell death. (molvis.org)
Evidences are rising about the ability of some copper compounds to induce alternative non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death. (gla.ac.uk)

It has been associated with heterochromatin and PML-NBs (Promyelocytic Leukaemia nuclear bodies) and has been implicated in many nuclear processes including transcription and cell cycle regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Cardinal signs of resolution are: (1) limitation/cessation of PMN infiltration, (2) sequestration and counter-regulation of pro-inflammatory chemical mediators, (3) apoptosis of PMN and removal (e.g., by efferocytosis), (4) clearance of pathogens, inflammatory stimuli, and cell debris, and (5) tissue repair. (frontiersin.org)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether astaxanthin confers a neuroprotective effect against glutamate stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia-induced apoptotic or necrotic cell death in primary cultures of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). (molvis.org)
H9c2 cells were subjected to 3‑h hypoxia, followed by 1‑h reperfusion. (spandidos-publications.com)
Huang Y , Tan F , Zhuo Y , Liu J , He J , Duan D , Lu M , Hu Z , . Hypoxia-preconditioned olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells abolish cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced pyroptosis and apoptotic death of microglial cells by activating HIF-1α. (aging-us.com)
Results showed that OGD/R induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in microglial cells while hypoxia in OM-MSCs significantly attenuated these effects. (aging-us.com)

More specifically, the deletion of the ferroptosis-regulating enzyme Gpx4 in a pre-clinical model results in high ferroptosis rates in kidney tubular epithelial cells causing acute renal failure. (sciencedaily.com)
Androgens are necessary for normal prostate cell growth (1) , and in animal models, androgen ablation causes cell atrophy and death of prostate epithelial cells (2) . (aacrjournals.org)
Likewise, in the early stages of prostate cancer, the growth of cancerous prostatic epithelial cells is often androgen dependent (3) . (aacrjournals.org)
These effects were partially mediated through enhanced TGF-β signaling, which contributes to tissue fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. (jci.org)
SHED has the ability to be differentiated to specific cell lineages such as odontoblasts and osteoblasts as well as epithelial like cells. (bvsalud.org)
SHED was able to differentiate into epithelial like cells when cultured in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) 2 . (bvsalud.org)

Fortunately, because programmed cell death is pathogens and bioterrorism agents. (cdc.gov)
The bi-stable switch would enable T cells to integrate signals from pathogens, hormones, cell-cell interactions, and soluble mediators and respond in a biologically appropriate manner. (frontiersin.org)
We have also shown that danger associated molecular pathogens released by cells exposed to apoptotic, soluble, and mechanical stimuli signal to adjacent cells to initiate a repair program. (yale.edu)

rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)
Our results suggest that although trisomy 8 cells are in a pro-apoptotic state, they are checked by the enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic signals which provide them with their proliferative advantage. (who.int)

Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)

[ 7 ] More recent data from striatal neuronal cultures transfected with mutant huntingtin and transgenic mice carrying the spinocerebellar ataxia-1 (SCA-1) gene (another CAG repeat disorder) suggest that NIIs may not be necessary or sufficient to cause neuronal cell death, but translocation into the nucleus is sufficient to cause neuronal cell death. (medscape.com)

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis with accumulation of meiotic division-phase spermatocytes and degenerating round spermatids present in multinucleated cell bodies (see 1). (jax.org)
In the final stages of the process, dying cells become fragmented into apoptotic bodies and consequently are eliminated by phagocytic cells without significant inflammatory damage to surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

Since the mammalian cells do not uptake the foreign DNA efficiently, the availability of effective methods for introducing genes into the cells is essential. (benthamscience.com)
Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
[ 1 ] ETP-ALL frequently has mutations in RUNX1 and/or ETV6 in addition to genes that are more commonly associated with myeloid neoplasms and are otherwise rare in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (such as FLT3 , IDH1/2 , TET2 , and DNMT3A mutations). (medscape.com)

However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. (nature.com)
From 2002 to 2012, the NIH funded the Reproductive Genomics Program at the Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics (Bar Harbor), run by Drs. John J. Eppig, Mary Ann Handel, and John Schimenti. (jax.org)
However, a significant difference has been shown between mammalian cell apoptosis and non-mammalian cell apoptosis: mitochondria are implicated only in the former. (techscience.com)

sometimes referred to as cellular suicide) is the death of a cell as a result of events inside of a cell, such as apoptosis or autophagy. (wikipedia.org)
Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
Therefore, the relationship between autophagy and cell death remains unclear and warrants further study to harness autophagy for the treatment of various human diseases. (nature.com)
Therefore, in this review, we avoid a lengthy repetition of the description of autophagy and cell death processes and focus on the death-promoting roles of autophagy and the intertwined connection between autophagy and apoptosis. (nature.com)

It was demonstrated that when EGCG interacted with zinc, the anti‑apoptotic activity was significantly enhanced. (spandidos-publications.com)
High-risk MDS cases had a significantly higher percentage of apoptotic CD34+ cells and anti-apoptotic survivin+ cells than controls, particularly for trisomy 8 cases. (who.int)

Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
Signals exchanged betweenneighboring cells through the Notch receptor can amplify and consolidatemolecular differences, which eventually dictate cell fates. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)
Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)

If we could somehow block the cell death that occurs in these cultures or if we could change the conditions to remove the components that trigger cell death, we could achieve growth of hESCs of a greater scale. (ca.gov)
In this paper, we focus on the catastrophic cell death that occurs as the developing footplate is remodelled to transform webbed regions into free interdigital spaces. (bris.ac.uk)

Previous studies have identified apoptosis as a significant mechanism underlying cell death during I/R injury in cultured cardiac myocytes ( 6 , 7 ), and that the inhibition of this apoptosis is able to prevent I/R injury ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, Townsend et al ( 12 ) reported that EGCG reduced signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 phosphorylation and protected cardiac myocytes against I/R-induced apoptotic cell death in isolated rat hearts. (spandidos-publications.com)

Apoptotic cells undergo changes including cell shrinkage and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. (abcam.com)
In cells stimulated to undergo ferroptosis we identified PE-truncated species with sn-2 truncations ranging from 5 to 9 carbons. (cdc.gov)

Malignant transformation usually occurs at the pluripotent stem cell level, although it sometimes involves a committed stem cell with more limited capacity for self-renewal. (msdmanuals.com)

For example, excessive inhibition by which tissue remodeling takes place during normal of apoptosis is an underlying mechanism of cancer, while growth and development and the physiologic mechanism an inappropriate increase is seen in some neurodegenera- by which labile cell populations such as gastrointestinal tive diseases and other conditions. (cdc.gov)
We also demonstrated that this mechanism is relevant in cancer patients, as TDEs from a human tumor cell line activated human MDSCs and triggered their suppressive function in an Hsp72/TLR2-dependent manner. (scienceopen.com)
Notch signaling defines an evolutionarily ancient cell interaction mechanism,which plays a fundamental role in metazoan development. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Apoptotic Computing and Apoptotic Communications are inspired by the apoptosis mechanism in biological systems. (ulster.ac.uk)
Since copper is potentially toxic to cells also a finely controlled mechanism for copper handling has evolved. (gla.ac.uk)
In those cases, multiple aspects of apoptosis might need to be analyzed to confirm the mechanism of cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)

Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
Apoptotic was detected by morphological changes, DNA electrophoresis and flow cytometry. (researchgate.net)

We show that in a macrophageless mouse embryo, null for the haemopoetic-lineage-specific transcription factor, PU.1, the task of phagocytosis is taken over by 'stand-in' mesenchymal neighbours in a clear example of cell redundancy. (bris.ac.uk)
Research has been directed at developing treatments that modulate inflammatory responses and protect against cell death caused by cerebral I/R. Key among such treatments include mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy. (aging-us.com)
A unique type of MSC termed olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cell (OM-MSC) confers neuroprotection by promoting the secretion of paracrine factors, and neuroprotection. (aging-us.com)

We were able to use this signal chain for pharmacological intervention and consequently to protect cells and tissues. (sciencedaily.com)
The significance of programmed cell death is not well established in post mitotic tissues, such as skeletal muscle. (cdc.gov)
These nontumor cells dilute the tumor purity in lung cancer tissues. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent stem cells derived from the pulp tissues of extracted deciduous teeth 1 . (bvsalud.org)

Instead, once given a "go" signal, cells utilize their own energy and cellular machinery to dismantle themselves, a process known as programmed cell death. (ca.gov)
Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis, same process by which these cell populations are regulat- through either genetic modification of the host or treatment ed during normal health ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Nevertheless, we are still far of a complete understanding of the apoptotic process. (techscience.com)
The apoptotic process is characterized by certain morphological features. (bdbiosciences.com)
To support this spectrum of requirements, BD Biosciences offers a full range of apoptosis detection tools and technologies for measuring indicators at different stages across the apoptotic process. (bdbiosciences.com)
Changes in the plasma membrane are one of the characteristics of the apoptotic process detected in living cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

A similar decline in apoptotic susceptibility associated with downregulation of Apaf-1 expression as a function of developmental age was also found in cultured primary rat cortical neurons. (jneurosci.org)

CHX induces increases in immediate early gene mRNA levels, and can activate several different kinases and transcription factors that are also activated by various insults and in response to anti-apoptotic growth factors. (johnshopkins.edu)
Exogenous ascorbate also induces a moderate increase in programmed cell death symptoms in intact roots, but it does not activate Ca2+ influx currents in patch-clamped root protoplasts. (deepdyve.com)

This is followed by polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment, adhesion to vascular endothelial cells, diapedesis (or transmigration), and accumulation or swarming. (frontiersin.org)
We investigated whether atheroprotective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress affects the expression of PDCD4 in endothelial cells. (plos.org)
En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
However, the action of PDCD4 in endothelial cells is unclear. (plos.org)
Vascular endothelial cells, as a monolayer in direct contact with the flowing blood, bear the most of the wall shear stresses and have important homeostatic functions in response to stress [16] . (plos.org)

Apoptosis (necessary programmed cell death) of the adenocarcinoma cells was increased. (naturalnews.com)

The concept of "programmed cell-death" was used by Lockshin & Williams in 1964 in relation to insect tissue development, around eight years before "apoptosis" was coined. (wikipedia.org)
PCD has fundamental functions in tissue development and homeostasis, as PCD is activated to sculpt or remove structures, regulate cell numbers, and eliminate unnecessary or dysfunctional cells. (nature.com)
Finally, expression levels of these factors were measured at tissue and single-cell levels. (hindawi.com)
Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)

Microglial cells are also associated with a novel subtype of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death known as pyroptosis. (aging-us.com)
Although several subtypes of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma exist, early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is the only subtype recognized as an entity in the revised 2016 WHO tumor classification. (medscape.com)

The populations of cells that are stained with annexin V only represent the apoptotic cell populations. (bdbiosciences.com)

What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
Programmed cell death (PCD), as described by Lockshin and Williams 14 , is defined as controlled cell death evoked by intracellular systems. (nature.com)
Since intracellular annexin V is also exposed if the plasma membrane is compromised, a membrane-impermeant dye such as 7-AAD is commonly used to distinguish between apoptotic and dead cells to exclude the dead cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

Retinal ganglion cell death was induced by acute optic nerve crush in wild-type and Sigmar1 −/− mice. (molvis.org)
Our data indicated faster retinal ganglion cell death in Sigmar1 −/− than in wild-type mice under the stresses caused by optic nerve crush, providing direct evidence for a role of the σR1 in alleviating retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)

In addition, cell death subroutines have been recently classified on the basis of mechanical and molecular aspects of cell death processes 5 . (nature.com)
Address correspondence to C. Borner, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Strasse 17, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. (rupress.org)

External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)

As previous known, the more differentiated the malignant cells, the less aggressive and dangerous is the cancer. (naturalnews.com)
The aim of this study was to find out the characteristic morphology of malignant atypical cells which were missed on routine cytology of urine. (cytojournal.com)
The comet cells and cells with India ink nuclei (single cells with deep black structure-less nuclei) were only observed in malignant atypical cells. (cytojournal.com)
The present study emphasizes that nuclear features such as high N/C ratio, hyperchromasia and chromatin abnormalities are particularly useful for assessing the malignant atypical cells. (cytojournal.com)
In this present paper we analyzed the characteristic morphology of malignant atypical cells which were missed on routine cytology of urine. (cytojournal.com)
Загальні відомості про лейкоз Leukemia is a malignant condition involving the excess production of immature or abnormal leukocytes, which eventually suppresses the production of normal blood cells and results in symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)

Drs. Kim Vanderlinden and Ivana Vucenik describe what is presently known about how IP6 works to help normalize the rate of cell division, normalize cell physiology, enhance Natural Killer (NK) cells, increase tumor suppressor P53 gene activity, inhibit inflammation, and inhibit angiogenesis. (naturalnews.com)
The apoptotic activity of RGCs under glutamate stress increased to 32%, but was reduced to 15% with 100 nM astaxanthin administration. (molvis.org)
Cell death is the biological event that happens when cells stop all their metabolic functions, and ultimately, this disrupts the activity of all their subcellular components. (hstalks.com)
Exposure to extreme mechanical, physical, or chemical conditions can suddenly interrupt the activity of key subcellular components facilitating the demolition of a cell. (hstalks.com)
Here, we have isolated tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) from mouse cell lines and shown that an interaction between TDE-associated Hsp72 and MDSCs determines the suppressive activity of the MDSCs via activation of Stat3. (scienceopen.com)

We will revising this lecture, the main interrelated forms of cell death and the crosstalk that they have with immune system. (hstalks.com)
The immune cell proportion was also evacuated via the CIBERSORT method. (hindawi.com)
With the development of bioinformatics in recent years and the acquisition of open lung cancer cohorts, it becomes possible to evaluate tumor purity content in the samples according to the estimated infiltration of stromal and immune cells ESTIMATE algorithm [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
These findings suggest that inter- the apoptotic destruction of lymphocytes and dendritic ventions aimed at reducing the extent of immune cell apop- tosis could improve outcomes for a variety of severe cells could have a particularly adverse effect on disease human infections, including those caused by emerging outcome. (cdc.gov)
Our work has contributed to the growing recognition that cells of the innate immune system display a highly plastic and adaptable phenotype through which they differentially regulate injury and fibrotic remodeling. (yale.edu)
In performing these studies we initially focused on NGP function at the so called "immune synapse" through which immune cells communicate. (yale.edu)
Microglial cells are the first line immune cells that initiate inflammatory responses following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury. (aging-us.com)

Enhanced immunity and antioxidant properties also contribute to tumor cell destruction. (naturalnews.com)
This is a monograph on proteolysis via programmed cell death via caspase and granzyme mediated destruction in neurodegeneration. (springer.com)

however, because lymphoblastic lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are known to represent the same disease entity, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification has unified these entities as precursor B-cell and T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. (medscape.com)

Up until now, this form of cell death has only been thought to be a possible therapeutic approach to treat tumor cells. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition to tumor cells, there are also other components such as stromal cells, inflammatory cells, vasculature, and the extracellular matrix [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

PCD has become the general terms that refers to all the different types of cell death that have a genetic component. (wikipedia.org)
There is some evidence that certain symptoms of "apoptosis" such as endonuclease activation can be spuriously induced without engaging a genetic cascade, however, presumably true apoptosis and programmed cell death must be genetically mediated. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to accidental cell death, regulated cell death depends on highly controlled genetic programs and disrupt a specific subcellular functions in a control manner. (hstalks.com)
Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
ALPS is the first disease known to be caused by a primary defect in programmed cell death and is the first autoimmune disease with a defined genetic basis. (medscape.com)

Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
[ 8 ] Caspase inhibition in clonal striatal cells showed no correlation between the reduction of aggregates in the cells and increased survival. (medscape.com)

Ultimately, if therapies based on stem cells are to be realized, these cells will have to be grown in massive quantities, with an unprecedented level of quality control to ensure that only one cell type can be found in the lot. (ca.gov)
Furthermore, the fate of stem cells is crucial to their use in new therapies - in other words, these cells must be kept alive and functional to have benefit to human patients. (ca.gov)
The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) (ALLCells, Alameda, CA, USA) were employed in the current study. (bvsalud.org)
The essence of MDS is damage of In the current work we examined All our patients were of the high-risk colony-forming units [4], but the defect haematopoietic stem cells of high-risk group and none of them was eligible of the haematopoietic stem cells is not MDS cases for apoptotic and anti-apop- for stem cell transplantation. (who.int)

Anatomy35

Organisms10

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs127

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proliferation17

Mechanisms16

Pathway22

Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells2

Apoptosis or programmed cell4

Differentiation3

Proteins12

Induction9

Abstract2

Vitro7

Pathways4

Protein10

Macrophages3

Mitochondrial1

Necrosis7

Intrinsic1

Embryonic11

Multicellular organisms2

Viability6

Detected by flow cytometry2

Induce2

Regulation2

Hypoxia4

Epithelial6

Pathogens3

Proliferative2

Receptors1

Neuronal1

Bodies2

Genes3

Mammalian3

Autophagy5

Significantly2

Signals4

Inhibits1

Death that occurs2

Cardiac myocytes2

Undergo2

Occurs1

Mechanism6

Morphological changes2

Mesenchymal3

Tissues4

Process6

Developmental1

Induces2

Endothelial cells5

Adenocarcinoma cells1

Tissue4

Subtype2

Populations1

Intracellular3

Retinal ganglion c2

Molecular2

Homeostasis1

Malignant6

Activity5

Immune7

Destruction2

Classification1

Tumor cells2

Genetic5

Survival2

Stem5