Apoptotic growing cells 2000 clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Etoposide does not influence phenotype of this sub-population of melanoma cells, while a combined treatment with Etoposide and Bevacizumab significantly abolished P1 sphere-forming ability, an effect associated with apoptosis of this subset of cells. (oncotarget.com)
Hypoxic melanoma cells sorted for VEGF-R2/CD133 positivity also undergo apoptosis when exposed to Etoposide and Bevacizumab. (oncotarget.com)
Thus, we conclude that ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for induction or progression of apoptosis in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
Interestingly, mitochondrial association of ADF and n-cofilin during apoptosis was preceded by, and dependent on, actin that translocated by a yet unknown mechanism to mitochondria during cell death. (nature.com)
These proteases are responsible for the dismantling of cells during apoptosis. (nature.com)
To test the relevance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptotic processes, we here employed a genetically well-defined system of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of any ADF/cofilin activity and challenged these cells with well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
Importantly, the mitochondrial association of n-cofilin and ADF had no impact on apoptosis signaling because ablation of either n-cofilin, ADF, or both proteins together did not change cell death progression. (nature.com)
In summary, our work demonstrates that in mammalian cells ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for efficient induction of apoptosis. (nature.com)
The release of mitochondrial-intermembrane-space pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cytochrome c , is a key step in initiating apoptosis. (biologists.com)
A vinculin fragment (amino acids 811-1066) containing the paxillin binding site restored apoptosis and suppressed ERK activity in vin −/− cells. (rupress.org)
Transfection with paxillin Y31FY118F dominant-negative mutant in these cells inhibits ERK activation and restores apoptosis. (rupress.org)
The absence of NuRD triggers apoptosis via the EGL-1-CED-9-CED-4-CED-3 pathway, while an ectopic gain of NuRD enables apoptotic daughter cells to survive. (elifesciences.org)
Reduction of CYP1B1 levels fail to prevent in vitro tumorigenicity such as proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression of RCC cells. (oncotarget.com)
Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
E4 may protect retinal cells from diabetic attacks by activating GLP-1R, decreasing retinal cell apoptosis, and reducing retinal reactive gliosis. (molvis.org)
It showed that siRNA-mediated down-regulation of sCLU expression in Hep-2 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
18 ] have demonstrated that the overexpression of sCLU in human androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) by stable transfection rendered them highly resistant to androgen ablation, and the introduction of antisense testosterone-repressed message-2 oligodeoxynucleotide therapy in the Shionogi tumor model induces apoptosis and tumor regression. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed apoptosis is inhibited in senescent cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
In these cells, IL-21 does not promote proliferation but enhances apoptosis and chemotaxis. (intechopen.com)
Using an apoptosis-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we showed that Acanthamoeba induces programmed cell death in brain microvascular endothelial cells. (asm.org)
Also, this recombinant protein promoted the release of NO and cell apoptosis, and inhibited the proliferation and migration of goat PBMCs and suppressed monocyte phagocytosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis of tumor cells was measured in lung tissues following melanoma cell injection. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased tumor cell apoptosis was found to be an important factor and may be related to the reduced tumor burden noted in this system of melanoma metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study we show over-expression of cystatin C in melanoma cells is associated with reduced metastasis and increased apoptosis in lung tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
MUC16 expression in EOC cells is associated with increased tumorigenesis and inhibiton of genotoxic drug-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that MUC16 attenuates apoptosis, activation of caspase-8 and mitochondria activation in EOC cells in response to TRAIL. (biomedcentral.com)
Down-regulation of cFLIP following treatment of MUC16-expressing OVCAR3 cells with cFLIP siRNA also increases TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings indicate that MUC16 protects EOC cells against TRAIL-induced apoptosis through multiple mechanisms including the blockade of TRAIL R2 expression and the regulation of cFLIP expression at both the transcriptional and the protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis and prevents the development of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Pro-caspase-8 activation can directly result in cleavage of caspase-3 to execute apoptosis (type I cells) or cleave Bid to produce a truncated form (tBid), which induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria leading to caspase-9 and subsequent caspase-3 activation (type II cells) as it is the case for EOC cells. (biomedcentral.com)

sCLU has also been described as an anti-apoptotic factor. (biomedcentral.com)
This results in inhibition of NFκB activity and the NFκB-dependent expression of anti-apoptotic genes of the Bcl-2 family [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

New antitumor strategies using drugs targeted to intracellular signaling involved in cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis have become promising in recent years. (researchgate.net)
The effects of sCLU-siRNA on cell proliferation were evaluated by MTT assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Bowen, 2004} detected keratinocyte proliferation by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) marking, 13,9% of keratinocytes were stained, compared with 6,4% in normal skin. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Excessive proliferation, apoptotic evasion, and migratory spread are all hallmarks of tumorigenesis. (stanford.edu)
We have shown previously that extracellular psoriasin binds to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), promoting endothelial cell proliferation (8). (medicaljournals.se)
Mitochondrial defects trigger proliferation of neighbouring cells via a senescence-associated secretory phenotype in Drosophila. (uiowa.edu)
Various assays were used to investigate the stimulatory effects of the purified rFg14-3-3e protein on specific functions of goat PBMCs, including cytokine secretion, proliferation, migration, nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, and apoptotic capabilities. (biomedcentral.com)
In patients with prolonged clinical dormancy, the presence of dormant cells is often identified by their lack of the cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 as well as the lack of apoptotic markers [ 12 - 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results further indicate that MCT4 promotes proliferation and survival by altered cell cycle regulation and cell death mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
For this purpose, we designed an MCT4 overexpression and knockdown/inhibition model to explore the functional consequences of MCT4 expression on cancer cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, migration, invasion potential, and angiogenesis as well as on cell cycle profiles and cell death mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
Consequently, phosphorylated BPGAP1 facilitates endosomal ERK signaling transduction to the nucleus, driving cell proliferation and transformation via the ERK-Myc-CyclinA axis. (bvsalud.org)
BPGAP1 therefore provides a crucial spatiotemporal checkpoint where JNK and MP1/MEK1 work in concert to regulate endosomal and nuclear ERK signaling in cell proliferation control. (bvsalud.org)

Tumors contain a sub-population of self-renewing and expanding cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). (oncotarget.com)
Several studies have demonstrated that tumors contain a small subset of cells that share many characteristics with CSCs [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
In laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC), sCLU is up-regulated and its expression is related to the invasiveness of these tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
We think that defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity that makes treatment of human brain tumors so challenging. (stanford.edu)
Defects in cell fate control could explain many key defects present in brain tumors Of special emphasis, we study the establishment of cell fates within normal hierarchical brain lineages for comparison to the dysregulated cell-fate hierarchies seen in brain tumors. (stanford.edu)
These methods are currently being used to image integrin-expressing tumors, breast cancer cells, human histiocytic lymphoma and protease-secreting fibrosarcoma cells, to name a few. (encyclopedia.pub)
Subcutaneous tumor growth and tumor cell metastasis from primary tumors were also analyzed. (biomedcentral.com)
Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)

3 Pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cytochrome c and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC), are released from mitochondria into the cytosol where they participate in the activation of execution caspases. (nature.com)
Outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release are typically achieved by pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bax and Bak. (nature.com)
Adhesion complexes (i.e., focal adhesions and focal complexes) and cell-cell contacts are specialized structures that harbor a large number of cytoskeletal proteins and one of the highest concentrations of signaling molecules in cells ( Ruoslahti and Obrink, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
2009). Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Direct Delivery of Reprogramming Proteins. (igem.org)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
Intracellular psoriasin has been found to interact with various signalling proteins, including the nuclear factor (NF)-kB regulator Jab1, while secreted psoriasin functions as an antimicrobial peptide and has the ability to induce chemotaxis of neutrophils and T cells (6). (medicaljournals.se)
Iron and BIM (Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death) proteins were involved in the cytotoxic sensitization process. (jneurosci.org)
We will also look at the combination of mAbs with immunostimulants such as GMCSF and IL-2 (fusion proteins) and eventual conjugation of the mAbs with alpha and possibly B -emitters to help in targeting bystander cells. (jcancer.org)
To address this issue, primary mouse cells, haploinsufficient for one or two proteins, ATM and RAD9, related to the cellular response to DNA damage were examined. (aacrjournals.org)
The results show that cells having low levels of both ATM and RAD9 proteins are more sensitive to transformation by radiation, have different DNA double-strand break repair dynamics and are less apoptotic when compared with wild-type controls or those cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Our conclusions are that under stress conditions, the efficiency and capacity for DNA repair mediated by the ATM/RAD9 cell signaling network depend on the abundance of both proteins and that, in general, DNA repair network efficiencies are genotype-dependent and can vary within a specific range. (aacrjournals.org)
Another conclusion from most of the cases is that animals or cells haploinsufficient for the specified proteins have higher transformation rates after DNA damage is induced, but when their DNA is not significantly damaged by exogenous sources, tumor development rates are the same as for their wild-type counterparts. (aacrjournals.org)
Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function ( CCR7 , CD27 , IL7R , CAMK4 , CD28 ), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins ( MRPS27 , MRPS9 , MRPS31 ), and DNA replication and repair ( WRN ). (biomedcentral.com)

Cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and apoptotic chromatin condensation were unchanged in all mutant fibroblasts. (nature.com)

NFAT3 is rarely expressed in T cells, and the mechanisms and significance of the specific NFAT3 downregulation in T cells have been unknown. (aai.org)
Asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) generate two daughter cells with identical genetic information but distinct cell fates through epigenetic mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)
Both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms determine distinct daughter cell fates after ACD. (elifesciences.org)
Caenorhabditis elegans represents a valuable model for investigating ACD, given its invariant cell lineage and conserved mechanisms of ACD. (elifesciences.org)
These results suggest that CYP1B1 up-regulation mediated by low miR-200c is one of the mechanisms underlying resistance of RCC cells to docetaxel. (oncotarget.com)
Cells use a number of mechanisms to sense and maintain their homeostatic levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)
The mechanisms for cell fate decisions in the human brain are largely unknown. (stanford.edu)
By using patient-derived cells from brain surgeries, we investigate cell fate decision mechanisms in the normal brain and in brain malignancies. (stanford.edu)
The signaling mechanisms of IL-21 in different cell types have been identified. (intechopen.com)
However, we know less about the biological effects of IL-21 and its signaling mechanisms in leukemia cells and monocytes. (intechopen.com)
Mechanisms of development 97.1-2 (2000 Oct): 73-83. (uiowa.edu)
Although hypoxic or ischemia tolerance in AGS involves physiological adaptations, little is known about the critical cellular mechanisms underlying intrinsic AGS cell resilience to metabolic stress. (elifesciences.org)
Despite our expanding knowledge on the molecular details of the multi-faceted interactions of HIV with its host, the basic question of which viral factors and cell death mechanisms contribute to the loss of CD4 + T lymphocytes in HIV infected patients has not been entirely solved. (biomedcentral.com)

Those residues may play an important role apoptotic signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular analyses have identified a series of host cell transport and signal transduction processes that are disturbed by Nef via its many protein interactions with cellular factors [ 23 - 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Downregulation of NFAT3 expression in T cells is mediated by lower chromatin accessibility and enhancer activity in its promoter in comparison with aortic smooth muscle cells expressing endogenous NFAT3. (aai.org)
Electron microscopy demonstrated that the CAL 27 cells treated with GEF under AAS culture conditions exhibited swelling of the cytosol and organelles with an increased number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, but without chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. (spandidos-publications.com)

Tumor cell hierarchies are poorly understood, providing no explanation for why tumor cells with stem-like, progenitor-like, and differentiated features co-exist and interact with normal brain cells and immune-infiltrating cells within a single tumor entity, and how this heterogeneity relates to the lack of active immune infiltration. (stanford.edu)
Invasion of host tissues is a hallmark feature of metastasis and requires alterations in tumor cell adhesion, cell migration, and proteolytic degradation of tissue matrices [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor cell dormancy may help to explain treatment resistance and recurrence or metastatic reactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
A tumor microenvironment that is altered (such as by frontline treatment) can mediate tumor cell entrance into, maintenance, and exit from dormancy through interaction with cells at niches, such as endothelial cells, stroma, or immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Plaque assays have been used to clonally segregate laboratory-adapted C. trachomatis strains from mixed infections, but no assays have been reported to segregate clones from recent clinical samples. (cdc.gov)
To analyze the contribution of cysteine proteases to metastasis we have over-expressed in B16 melanoma cells the natural cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin C. We measured in vitro invasion of cystatin over-expression clones with Boyden chamber type assays. (biomedcentral.com)
We therefore investigated whether oleandrin or a N. oleander extract could inhibit virus transmission from a GFP-expressing HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cell-line to huPBMCs in co-culture assays. (longdom.org)
Distinct hallmarks of cancer were examined using in silico analysis, various in vitro cell culture assays, and ex vivo organotypic rat brain slice culture model. (hindawi.com)
We investigated the impact on tumor malignancy in F98 glioma cells using in silico analysis, in vitro cell culture assays, and ex vivo vascular organotypic glioma impact model (VOGIM) [ 35 ] by implanting F98 cells into rat brain slices. (hindawi.com)

During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent studies indicate an important signaling effect in cells lacking Tsc1 or Tsc2 is just a decrease in activation of Akt in reaction to normal stimuli. (sykpathway.com)

This pattern of expression was not anticipated since cystatin C is primarily a secreted protein that should have produced a vesicular localization of fluorescence within the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
MUC16 expression was down-regulated by stably expressing an anti-MUC16 single-chain antibody (scFv) targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which prevents cell surface localization of MUC16 in OVCAR3 cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Autophagic cell death was excluded as the inhibition of autophagy did not attenuate the cytotoxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)
Significantly, we found that sCLU-shRNA could exert marked inhibition of the lung metastasis of Hep-2 cells in nude mice in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)

Indeed, a 5-year survival rate of advanced stage malignant melanoma is less than 10% and resistance to chemotherapy, most likely due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), is the major cause of treatment failure [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Here, we show that vinculin null (vin −/− ) cells and cells expressing a vinculin Y822F mutant have increased survival due to up-regulated activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). (rupress.org)
Clusterin is, in its major form, a secreted heterodimeric disulfide-linked glycoprotein (sCLU), which plays important roles in cell survival and death. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the precise role of lcn2 in the cell survival and death has yet to be determined. (jneurosci.org)
Through cell survival-based cDNA expression screens in neural progenitor cells, we identify a genetic variant of AGS Atp5g1 that confers cell resilience to metabolic stress. (elifesciences.org)

Later studies have demonstrated secretion of psoriasin from epithelial cells (5). (medicaljournals.se)
Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4 -deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Using tandem affinity purification with mass spectrometry, they found that CCM3 is the main protein that binds to STK24 in HEK293 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Despite high protein expression and enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) in renal cell cancer (RCC), its functional significance has not been elucidated. (oncotarget.com)
Clones were strain-typed by using outer membrane protein A and 16S rRNA sequences. (cdc.gov)
1997). Degradation of Amyloid β-Protein by a Metalloprotease Secreted by Microglia and Other Neural and Non-neural Cells. (igem.org)
The engineered BV-2s will be equipped to locate the specific GBMs and label the targeted cells with a tat-GFP fusion protein. (igem.org)
Since oxidative stress activates protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in tumor cells, we investigated the effect of excitotoxicity on neuronal PKD1 activity. (nature.com)
LCN2 protein induced upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cell migration, and morphological changes similar to characteristic phenotypic changes termed reactive astrocytosis. (jneurosci.org)
Acanthamoeba binding to HBMEC is mediated by a mannose-binding protein expressed on the surface of Acanthamoeba cells ( 2 ). (asm.org)
However, the involvement of this protein in parasite pathogenesis remains elusive and its effect on the functions of innate immune cells is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
We report on the cloning and expression of a recombinant F. gigantica 14-3-3 epsilon protein (rFg14-3-3e), and testing its effects on specific functions of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Because of its involvement in F. gigantica recognition by innate immune cells, rFg14-3-3e protein may have applications for development of diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
Two independent groups of researchers working on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral coat Trans-activator of Transcription (Tat) protein observed the protein's ability to cross cell membrane barriers without any transfection reagents [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Confocal microscopy was used in an attempt to localize cystatin C-GFP protein expression in cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Examining the genetic code of these resilient cells revealed that Arctic ground squirrels may have a variant form of a protein called ATP5G1. (elifesciences.org)
This protein is found in a cellular compartment called the mitochondria, which is responsible for supplying energy to the rest of the cell and therefore plays an important role in metabolic processes. (elifesciences.org)
These findings provide the first evidence of a protein variant that is responsible for protecting cells during the metabolic stress conditions caused by hibernation. (elifesciences.org)
Furthermore, infusion of normal bone marrow cells rescued mice from death induced by loss of THOC5/Fms interacting protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, mechanistically depletion of THOC5/Fms interacting protein causes the down-regulation of its direct interacting partner, THOC1 which may contribute to altered THO complex function and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
The MUC16CTD anchors the protein at the cell surface and consists of a 229 amino acid extracellular region containing a potential proteolytic cleavage site, a 23 residue transmembrane domain, and a 31 amino acid cytoplasmic tail. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, increased CD4 + T lymphocyte depletion depended on only two protein interaction surfaces in Nef that mediate either downregulation of cell surface CD4 or interaction with the NAKC signalosome. (biomedcentral.com)

Our findings reflect the importance of clonal isolation in identifying constituents of mixed infections containing new or emerging strains and of viable clones for research to more fully understand the dynamics of in vivo strain-mixing, evolution, and disease pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
Increasingly, isolates representing single clones are needed for in vitro and in vivo research, including genomic, murine, and translational studies, to advance our understanding of chlamydial pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
The stromal cell requirement for androgen-mediated effects was confirmed in vivo by experiments using chimeric animals created by bone marrow transplantation in which androgen receptor expression was restricted to either the stromal or lymphoid cells of the bone marrow. (jci.org)
To create an in-vivo-like environment, the cells will be grown in 3D collagen media. (igem.org)
The purpose of this study was to explore the inhibiting role of sCLU gene silence in the invasive ability and growth of Hep-2 human laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells (Hep-2) by transfection of short hairpin RNA expression plasmids against sCLU (sCLU-shRNA) ( in vivo ) or small interference RNA (sCLU-siRNA) ( in vitro ). (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
In zebrafishes, forced expression of rat lcn2 gene increased the number and thickness of cellular processes in GFAP-expressing radial glia cells, suggesting that lcn2 expression in glia cells plays an important role in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
Our results suggest that lcn2 acts in an autocrine manner to induce cell death sensitization and morphological changes in astrocytes under inflammatory conditions and that these phenotypic changes may be the basis of reactive astrocytosis in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
The human lymphoid aggregate culture (HLAC) from tonsil maintains the cell populations and cytokine milieu found in vivo , supports a productive infection without exogenous stimulation, and Nef contributes to efficient HIV-1 replication as well as CD4 + T cell depletion in this experimental ex vivo -model. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings suggest that Nef facilitates depletion of CD4 + T lymphocytes in HIV-1-infected lymphoid tissue ex vivo by increasing the pool of productively infected cells and by sensitizing bystander cells for killing. (biomedcentral.com)
Among these, ex vivo -cultures of human tonsils proved particularly valuable as HIV readily replicates to high titers in these cultures that maintain cell composition and cytokine milieu of a primary target organ of in vivo HIV infection [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although much has been learnt about their individual functions in both cell and animal models, the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of their signaling crosstalk in multi-cellular context in vivo remain largely unknown, especially in liver development and liver tumorigenesis. (bvsalud.org)

CD133+ hunting machines will be created by genetically engineering microglial cells (BV-2) with two constructs using mammalian expression vectors. (igem.org)

Putative CSCs were isolated from human melanoma cells of a different aggressiveness, Hs294T and A375 cell lines, grown under hypoxia using "sphere-forming assay", CD133 surface expression and migration ability. (oncotarget.com)
We found that a cell sub-population enriched for P1 sphere-initiating ability and CD133 expression also express larger amount of VEGF-R2. (oncotarget.com)
In human CD4 + T cells, overexpression of NFAT1 and NFAT3 enhanced and suppressed IL-2 expression, respectively. (aai.org)
NFAT3 downregulation in Jurkat cells using RNA interference technology augmented IL-2 expression, whereas a knockdown of NFAT1, NFAT2, and NFAT4 suppressed it. (aai.org)
Introduction of TBX5 into CD4 + T cells enhanced the expression of NFAT3 and suppressed that of IL-2. (aai.org)
Instead, alteration of CYP1B1 expression regulates the chemosensitivity of RCC cells to docetaxel suggesting its critical contribution to the chemoresistance. (oncotarget.com)
Restoration of docetaxel resistance by exogenous expression of CYP1B1 in miR-200c-over-expressing cells indicates that CYP1B1 is a functional target of miR-200c. (oncotarget.com)
Many tumor microenvironments, including lymphoma and carcinoma, are enriched in immune suppressive cells that contribute to immune exhaustion by means expression of inhibitory ligands, suppressive cytokines, and tumor-promoting factors. (researchgate.net)
Furthermore, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of sCLU expression decreases in vitro cell migration and invasion ability. (biomedcentral.com)
Let us underline nevertheless that such cytokeratin expression is found in embryonic cell lines and that the study only concerned 10 specimens. (globale-dermatologie.com)
In a spectrum of conditions of dysregulated keratinocyte differentiation, we have previously demonstrated strong psoriasin expression in differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and a lack of expression in undifferentiated basalioma (9). (medicaljournals.se)
The expression of cystatin C-GFP fusion was observed in B16F10 melanoma cells following transient transfection of plasmid construct DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
A cytoplasmic expression was noted for GFP alone and cystatin C-GFP fusion when transiently expressed in B16 melanoma cells (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Ectopic expression in mouse cells and CRISPR/Cas9 base editing of endogenous AGS loci revealed causal roles of one AGS-specific amino acid substitution in mediating cytoprotection by AGS ATP5G1. (elifesciences.org)
Stable F98 glioma cell lines with MCT4 overexpression, normal expression, and knockdown were generated. (hindawi.com)

They constitute a pool of self-renewing cells with the ability of sustaining tumor growth and promoting metastatic dissemination. (oncotarget.com)
Cells lacking vinculin are highly metastatic and motile. (rupress.org)
A key feature of metastatic cancer cells is their invasive ability. (biomedcentral.com)
After being dispersed through vascular spaces, metastatic tumor cells lodge in distant capillaries. (biomedcentral.com)

2009). Isolation and characterization of cancer stem like cells in human glioblastoma cell lines. (igem.org)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) was first identified in 2000 through screening of a cDNA library from CD3+ human T cells [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)

RNA helicase Belle (DDX3) is essential for male germline stem cell maintenance and division in Drosophila. (uiowa.edu)

The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
In psoriasis, the differentiation process of the epidermal cells is disturbed. (medicaljournals.se)

The invasive activity of sCLU-siRNA-transfected Hep-2 cells was measured with the modified Boyden chamber assay and wound healing assay. (biomedcentral.com)

When Etoposide and Bevacizumab-treated hypoxic cells were injected intravenously into immunodeficient mice revealed a reduced capacity to induce lung colonies, which also appear with a longer latency period. (oncotarget.com)
We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)

sCLU overexpression reaches a maximum at three to four days post-castration and coincides with the onset of massive cell death[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, MCT4 overexpression enhances cell migration and invasiveness via reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. (hindawi.com)

The treatment of HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cells with either oleandrin or a N. oleander extract did not significantly inhibit viral replication or the release of p19Gag-containing particles into the culture supernatants. (longdom.org)

This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, the authors concluded to a probable hyperplasic status in benign or malignant neoplasic cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Although overt inflammatory responses play a major role in malignant transformation of host cells following an infection, it is a disbalanced immune responses, which contribute to drive malignant transformation. (frontiersin.org)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Of note, DAPK can activate PKD in HeLa cells under oxidative stress conditions 11 , thus suggesting that PKD activation may contribute to cellular death. (nature.com)
Cellular dormancy is a state in which cells are in a quiescent state (the G0 phase). (biomedcentral.com)

She returned to UCSF to conduct translational research, and apply her combined expertise in stem cells and signaling on the study of brain neoplasms and human stem and progenitor cells. (stanford.edu)
Committed myeloid progenitor cells and cells with long term reconstituting potential were lost from bone marrow within four days after poly injection. (biomedcentral.com)

J Cell Biol (2004) 165 (3): 371-381. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (2004) 164 (7): 1021-1032. (rupress.org)

Acanthamoeba -mediated brain endothelial cell death was abolished using LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. (asm.org)
This is the first demonstration that Acanthamoeba -mediated brain microvascular endothelial cell death is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)

Tie-mediated signal from apoptotic cells protects stem cells in Drosophila melanogaster. (uiowa.edu)

In the final stage, we will then hopefully be able to modify the system accordingly, to serve medical purposes: identification and elimination of CD133+ cells and hence contributing towards preventing the fatal consequences of Glioblastoma multiforme. (igem.org)
Since their identification over twenty-five years ago, the plethora of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) and their applications has skyrocketed. (encyclopedia.pub)

The apoptotic response of cells can be induced by the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathway, the former being mediated by the mitochondria and the latter activated by ligand stimulation of death receptors at the cell surface [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In summary, our data highlight MCT4 /SLC16A3 as a key gene for distinct hallmarks of tumor malignancy in glioma cells. (hindawi.com)

However, the collected virus particles from treated cells exhibited reduced infectivity on primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs). (longdom.org)
Thus we considered the hematopoietic system and found that seven days after poly injection, the number of blood cells in peripheral blood decreased drastically. (biomedcentral.com)

Hence, our study indicates that a combined exposure to Etoposide and Bevacizumab targets melanoma cells endowed with stem-like properties and might be considered a novel approach to treat cancer-initiating cells. (oncotarget.com)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)

Her postdoctoral studies on neural stem cells and asymmetric cell division in the Lab of Dr. Yuh Nung Jan at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of San Francisco, California implied for the first time a minus-end directed myosin in the process of cell fate determination. (stanford.edu)
Similarly, the homeobox Antennapedia (Antp) transcription factor of Drosophila melanogaster was demonstrated to enter nerve cells in a receptor-independent manner, where it could then regulate neural morphogenesis [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Cell Stem Cell, 4, 472-476. (igem.org)
2009). Physiologic Oxygen Concentration Enhances the Stem-Like Properties of CD133+ Human Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro. (igem.org)
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
Proper cell fate decisions by neuroglia stem cells are critical for growing the cell lineages that form the brain during development and to maintain adult brain homeostasis. (stanford.edu)
In the healthy brain, neuroglia stem cells generate progenitors, which in turn give rise to differentiating cells that will eventually acquire their final functional state. (stanford.edu)
Quiescent normal adult stem cells serve as a source of self-renewal in the maintenance of multiple adult epithelial tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

sCLU-siRNA and the control siRNA were transfected into Hep-2 cells using Lipofectamine 2000. (biomedcentral.com)

Antitumor therapies targeted to reduce the induction, recruitment, or suppressive activities of the immune cells have been investigated. (researchgate.net)
Furthermore, translocation of immune cells from one anatomical compartment to another, i.e., the gut-lung axis via the lymphatics or blood has been identified as an important factor in perpetrating systemic inflammation, tissue destruction, as well as modulating host-protective immune responses. (frontiersin.org)

We propose that lcn2 is an autocrine mediator of reactive astrocytosis based on the multiple roles of lcn2 in the regulation of cell death, morphology, and migration of astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
Our results indicated that lcn2 is critical for cell death sensitization, stimulation of cell migration, and morphological changes of reactive astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)

This process enables tumor cells, including those within the core of the heterogeneous tumor mass to survive, despite being at a distance from blood vessels that supply their metabolic needs [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)

A critical initial step of metastasis is that tumor cells enter blood vessels or the lymphatic system by invasion of host basement membranes. (biomedcentral.com)

Kinases of GCKIII subfamily are involved in regulation of multiple functions of the cells and interaction with programmed cell death 10 (CCM3). (wikipedia.org)

Surface display of IgG Fc on baculovirus vectors enhances binding to antigen-presenting cells and cell lines expressing Fc receptors. (igem.org)

RAS and Rho small GTPases are key molecular switches that control cell dynamics, cell growth and tissue development through their distinct signaling pathways. (bvsalud.org)

Confocal microscopy localized Vpu to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi regions of the cell, as well as to post-Golgi vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)

1989). Immortalization of murine microglial cells by a v-raf/ v-myc carrying retrovirus. (igem.org)
We therefore tested whether oleandrin or an extract from N. oleander could also inhibit the infectivity of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) -a related enveloped retrovirus and emerging tropical infectious agent. (longdom.org)

Castration of normal male mice induces expansion of the bone marrow B cell population, an effect that can be reversed by androgen replacement. (jci.org)
Immature B cells from normal mouse bone marrow were not responsive to the suppressive effect of androgens unless they were cocultured with marrow stromal cells or with supernatants from androgen-treated stromal cells, suggesting that the androgen effects are exerted through marrow stromal elements by production of a diffusible mediator. (jci.org)
Further experiments revealed that bone marrow stromal cells produced TGF-β in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and neutralization of TGF-β in the DHT-treated stromal cells reversed the suppressive effects. (jci.org)
These experiments suggest that effects of androgens on developing B cells are mediated through androgen receptors in bone marrow stromal cells. (jci.org)
Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that gonadal steroids exert effects on the development of B cells in bone marrow. (jci.org)
Androgens also exert effects on B cell development in bone marrow. (jci.org)
Investigation of bone marrow cells showed that these became apoptotic within seven days after poly injection. (biomedcentral.com)

2007). Monoclonal T-Cell Receptors: New Reagents for Cancer Therapy. (igem.org)

CD133+ cells have shown resistance to hypoxia, irradiation, and some forms of chemotherapy. (igem.org)

STK24 operates on serine and threonine residues and, as a response to oxidative stress and caspase activity, develops cell death. (wikipedia.org)

We suggest that asymmetric segregation of V-ATPase may cause distinct acidification levels in the two daughter cells, enabling asymmetric epigenetic inheritance that specifies their respective life-versus-death fates. (elifesciences.org)

Although the LAT family plays important roles in the development and function of normal tissues, they are frequently increased in cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Androgens only affected B cell development in chimeric mice with androgen-sensitive stromal cells. (jci.org)
Our findings point to DcAOX1 and DcAOX2a as being reasonable candidates for functional marker development related to early cell reprogramming. (frontiersin.org)
The next big development in the field of CPPs came with the demonstration of Tat peptide's ability to cross cell membrane barriers while carrying cargo many times its size in a functional form [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Dormancy can occur at the earliest stage of tumor development but also when remnant tumor cells escape treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

In vitro systems with reproducible cell plasticity can help to identify relevant metabolic and molecular events during early cell reprogramming. (frontiersin.org)
Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, provide metabolic and trophic support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. (jneurosci.org)
Growth of metastases in tissues also requires invasion of host endothelial cells into tumor masses to support further the metabolic needs of tumor growth [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
But, it is unclear how their cells are able to endure this metabolic stress. (elifesciences.org)
In the metabolic symbiosis model, these cells have been proposed to overexpress MCT4 to release high amounts of lactate produced during anaerobic glycolysis into the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)

These 5 to 30 amino acid in length peptides have the unique property of breaching the cell membrane barrier while carrying cargoes larger than themselves into cells in an intact, functional form. (encyclopedia.pub)

Consequently, several human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, are caused by defects in this highly regulated form of cell death. (nature.com)
Renal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for 2-3% of all tumor malignancies in human. (oncotarget.com)
We studied the effects of an Acanthamoeba encephalitis isolate belonging to the T1 genotype on human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which constitute the blood-brain barrier. (asm.org)
We have demonstrated that pathogenic Acanthamoeba exhibits more than 60% binding to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), which constitute the blood-brain barrier ( 2 ). (asm.org)
There are two major splice variants expressed in human cells, cFLIP S (25 kDa) and cFLIP L (55 kDa) [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy36

Organisms13

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs103

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Apoptosis31

Anti-apoptotic2

Proliferation12

Tumors9

Proteins13

Caspase-3 activation1

Mechanisms14

Signal transduction2

Chromatin2

Tumor cell4

Assays5

Genes4

Stimuli1

Localization2

Inhibition2

Survival5

Epithelial cells2

Protein20

Vivo12

Mammalian1

Expression15

Metastatic4

Characterization1

CDNA1

Male germline stem1

Differentiation14

Boyden1

Induce2

Overexpression3

Lymphoma1

Tumorigenesis1

Malignant2

Cellular3

Progenitor cells2

Biol2

Endothelial cell2

Protects1

Identification2

Intrinsic1

Hallmarks1

Peripheral blood2

Melanoma1

Embryonic1

Neural2

Stem7

SiRNA1

Immune2

Migration2

Enables1

Metastasis1

Regulation1

Enhances1

Dynamics1

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Retrovirus2

Bone marrow7

Receptors1

Hypoxia1

Oxidative stress1

Asymmetric1

Development5

Metabolic5

Functional1

Human5