Apoptotic effector apoptotic cells cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

This was the first evidence of a K-Ras death effector pathway. (louisville.edu)
We found that cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells display activation of the interleukin-2 receptor/cytokine common chain-associated Jak/STAT signal transduction pathway that is transient in the early stage of the lymphoma and constitutive in the late stage of the disease progression. (upenn.edu)
This study may result in novel therapies for lymphoma based on selective inhibition of the elements of the IL-2R signal transduction pathway(s) which are preferentially utilized by malignant T cells and/or on induction of re-expression of the epigenetically-silenced SHP-1 gene. (upenn.edu)
Eiger is produced in apoptotic cells and, through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, is able to propagate the initial apoptotic stimulus. (elifesciences.org)
found that the JNK pathway activated apoptosis in anterior cells. (elifesciences.org)
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
Increased sub-G1 population and annexin-V binding, activation of caspases 9 and 3, cleavage of poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP), and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) indicated involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in terpinen-4-ol-treated A549 and CL1-0 cells. (hindawi.com)
Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway in NSCLC cells and that the apoptosis elicited by terpinen-4-ol was p53 dependent. (hindawi.com)
In conclusion, the in vitro data showed that both C. aequipetala extracts were able to induce cytotoxicity through the apoptosis pathway in B16F10 cells, and in vivo, the oral administration of aqueous extract reduces the melanoma tumoral mass, suggesting an important antitumoral effect and the perspective to search for effector molecules involved in it. (edu.mx)
It has been hypothesized that inactivation of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor facilitates K-RAS-mediated transformation by uncoupling it from apoptotic pathways such as the Hippo pathway. (cancerindex.org)
The successful strategy based on the activation of cell death in Ras-expressing cells is associated with the suppression of kinases involved in Ras pathway. (aging-us.com)
Senescent ERas cells do not develop cytoprotective autophagy upon inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway due to spatial dissociation of lysosomes and autophagosomes in the senescent cells. (aging-us.com)
Our data show that suppression of MEK/ERK pathway in senescent cells provides a new strategy for elimination of Ras-expressing cells. (aging-us.com)
Despite a large number of promising inhibitors for Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, recent works show that cancer cells often develop an autophagy-dependent resistance to inhibitors of Ras pathway [ 16 ]. (aging-us.com)
Oncogenic Ras induces the constitutive activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which, in turn, activates other effector pathways, in particular, PI3K-mTOR signaling [ 17 ]. (aging-us.com)
Consistent with this hypothesis, Akt, a downstream effector of the PI3K pathway, was hyperphosphorylated in the presence of EGF+NGF. (umassmed.edu)
These results demonstrate that TrkA kinase initiates differentiation, and p75 enhances differentiation by rescuing differentiating cells from apoptosis via the PI3K pathway. (umassmed.edu)
ER plays a central role in the exocytic pathway of protein trafficking in all eukaryotic cells. (inventbiotech.com)
Deficiency of RAB39B Activates ER Stress-Induced Pro-apoptotic Pathway and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Dopaminergic Neurons by Impairing Autophagy and Upregulating α-Synuclein. (inventbiotech.com)
The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated in response to a variety of stress signals ( Willis and Adams, 2005 ), and a complex interplay of Bcl-2 proteins relays this signal to the mitochondrial outer membrane (OM) to initiate Bak and Bax activation, oligomerisation and OM damage ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
By contrast, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway can activate caspases without the participation of mitochondria. (biologists.com)
However, in certain cell types, the extrinsic pathway also induces mitochondrial damage by cleaving the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid to its activated truncated form (tBid), which leads to Bak and Bax activation. (biologists.com)

Our studies concentrate on identification of downstream effector molecules triggered by the NPM/ALK kinase. (upenn.edu)
created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
Lately, it was found that cannabinoid treatment not only stimulates autophagy-mediated apoptotic death of tumor cells through unfolded protein response (UPR ER ) activated downstream effectors, but also imposes cell cycle arrest. (weedworldmagazine.org)
The present invention relates to a compound capable of inhibiting the interaction between p53 and MDM2 and activating p53 downstream effector genes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
These activated initiator caspases in-turn cleave downstream effector or ?executioner? (enzolifesciences.com)

The results of our preliminary study demonstrated that 6-OAP inhibits the proliferation of human MM cells by inducing the arrest of mitosis and inhibiting specific key pathways ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These pathways link RASSF proteins into the control of motility, genetic stability, apoptosis, the cell cycle, regulation of protein stability, senescence and DNA repair. (louisville.edu)
1. Role of the cytokine-signal transduction pathways and epigenetic gene silencing in pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma. (upenn.edu)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. (nature.com)
We demonstrated that CDBPA significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis via the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways of Burkitts lymphoma cells without causing cell cycle arrest but reduction of the various phases. (longdom.org)
These studies have served to highlight the role of AND-34/BCAR3 and p130Cas in cell adhesion and migration signaling pathways. (molvis.org)
The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
The catabolic processes regulated by mTORC1 control autophagy via a number of effector regulatory pathways [ 18 , 19 ]. (aging-us.com)

We identified the RASSF1 gene and showed that its protein served as a K-Ras apoptotic effector that was frequently down-regulated in primary tumors. (louisville.edu)
In the in vivo SCID mouse xeno-transplant model, RAD markedly delayed growth or induced regression of established PTLD-related B-cell tumors. (upenn.edu)
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors of childhood, arising from immature sympathetic nervous system cells. (biomedcentral.com)
NBs belong to the subgroup of small round blue cell tumors and can often pose a challenge to the pathologist because of their similarities with lymphomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, the Ewing family of tumors and desmoplastic round cell tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
MDA-MB-435 cells engineered to be deficient in alpha6beta1 expression form primary tumors that are highly apoptotic and unable to metastasize, although they exhibit no increased apoptosis in vitro under standard culture conditions. (umassmed.edu)
In support of this concept, some p53 WT tumors appear to exhibit reduced apoptotic capacity, although their capacity to undergo cell cycle arrest remains intact. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. (novusbio.com)

Nevertheless, there is evidence that the individual subtypes differ pathophysiologically, for example, with respect to their cellular composition as recently shown for B cells ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Using PCa cellular models in vitro and in vivo we show that MCL1 expression is upregulated in androgen-deprived PCa cells. (oncotarget.com)
In this study, the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for it were evaluated and studied, respectively on human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. (hindawi.com)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
In vitro assay analyzed the effect in the cellular cycle and several indicators of apoptosis, such as the caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine exposure (Annexin-V), and induction of cell membrane permeabilization (propidium iodide) in the B16F10 cells. (edu.mx)
Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)
Guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs, or exchange factors), such as RALGDS, are effectors of Ras-related GTPases (see MIM 190020) that participate in signaling for a variety of cellular processes. (cancerindex.org)
Programmed cell death (PCD) is defined in the Gene Ontology (GO) as "GO: 0012501 cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes" [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We studied whether cellular senescence induced by HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate in E1a+cHa-Ras -transformed rat embryo fibroblasts (ERas) and A549 human Ki-Ras mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells would enhance the tumor suppressor effect of MEK/ERK inhibition. (aging-us.com)
Treatment of control ERas cells with PD0325901 for 24 h results in mitochondria damage and apoptotic death of a part of cellular population. (aging-us.com)
p53 is a tumor suppressor and transcription factor that responds to cellular stress by activating the transcription of numerous genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and DNA repair. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Unlike normal cells, which have infrequent cause for p53 activation, tumor cells are under constant cellular stress from various insults including hypoxia and pro-apoptotic oncogene activation. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Cellular signalling could be among the foundations of the co-ordinated activities and flexible replies [9 10 Nevertheless a comprehensive knowledge of the systems where stem cells cross-talk using the web host anxious system continues to be lacking. (biobender.com)
caspases (e.g. caspase-3, -6, and -7) in a cascade-like manner, which cleave key cellular proteins that lead to the morphological changes associated with apoptotic cell death. (enzolifesciences.com)

Based on observations that in addition to driving growth and transformation, activated K-Ras was also powerfully pro-apoptotic, we used an in silico approach to identify potential novel Ras binding proteins that might mediate the growth inhibitory properties of Ras. (louisville.edu)
To confirm the immunohistochemical results, three proteins, fascin, CK14 and laminin-5γ2, which were overexpressed in ESCC on tissue microarray, were detected in 12 ESCC cell lines by Western blot assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Both compounds induced up-regulation of proapoptotic BH3-only proteins Bim and Puma, and subsequent cell death. (ashpublications.org)
In this respect, although obviously lacking a brain with a multicellular neuronal network, simple unicellular yeast are of great value to investigate the effects of overexpression and single point-mutations in genes encoding key proteins on cell physiology and on the function of conserved signaling cascades. (microbialcell.com)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)

revealed that NSCs inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules but significantly increased the expression of molecules associated with a neuroprotective phenotype such as CX3CR1 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) and insulin development aspect 1 (IGF-1). (biobender.com)
These cells, surrounding the hair follicles, secrete signaling molecules that control the progression of the hair cycle. (jcadonline.com)
It has been found that some of the SVF cell types possess regenerative and anti-inflammatory potentials in damaged tissues due to their ability to secrete growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules. (jcadonline.com)

Mutant K-RAS has been shown to have both tumor-promoting and -suppressing functions, and growing evidence suggests that the RASSF family of tumor suppressors can act as RAS apoptosis and senescence effectors. (cancerindex.org)

Not only the molecular differences leading to the different clinical presentations need to be better understood, but also the pathogenic mechanisms of CLE in general: the precise role of involved cell types, the impact of different cytokines described in the disease, and their interaction and regulation in a complex network need further exploration. (frontiersin.org)
Aberrant cell signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in human lymphomas. (upenn.edu)
Regulation and function of STAT3 in the ALK+ T-cells and testing an ALK-inhibitor small molecule candidate are the main focus of the ongoing investigation. (upenn.edu)
Regulation of MCL1 through the AR signaling axis is indirectly mediated via a cell cycle-dependent mechanism. (oncotarget.com)
Our results unveil a novel player in the complex regulation of OPC biology, on the one hand showing that JNK1 ablation cell-autonomously determines alterations of OPC proliferation and branching architecture and, on the other hand, suggesting that JNK1 signaling in OLs participates in myelination in vivo. (nature.com)
Both a cell-intrinsic program and environmental factors participate in the regulation of OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis. (nature.com)
FLT3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) closely related to the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and c-Kit with important functions in the regulation of early hematopoietic cells. (ashpublications.org)
Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
This process of division and differentiation is subject to regulation at many levels to control cell production. (justia.com)
Thus, the process of purinergic regulation demonstrated here might be involved in main taining the proper balance between the rate of cell divi sion and death in the ovary, and in essential physiological actions such as steroidogenesis, functioning as a local, fine tuning modulator to complement the systemic con trol e erted by hormones and nervous system afferents. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)

Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis are finely regulated by the interplay of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. (nature.com)

An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
The development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progresses a multistage process, collectively known as precursor lesions, also called dysplasia (DYS) and carcinoma in situ (CIS), subsequent invasive lesions and final metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer in China. (biomedcentral.com)
A multistage process has been proposed for the evolution of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), in which normal squamous epithelia undergo a series of histological and genetic progression towards noninvasive precursor lesions, i.e., dysplasia (DYS) and carcinoma in situ (CIS), then towards invasive cancer, and, finally towards deep invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes and other organs. (biomedcentral.com)
However, whether PKM2 can promote head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression and immunosuppression remains unknown. (researchsquare.com)

Expression of ALK in malignant T cells is typically due to the t(2;5) translocation resulting in formation of the fusion gene which encodes a 80-kDa hybrid protein that contains portion of the nuclear protein nucleophosmin (NPM) joined to the entire cytoplasmic portion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK. (upenn.edu)
Eiger is related to a protein called TNF that has been implicated in cycles of destruction and renewal of hair follicles in mice. (elifesciences.org)
Analysis of MCL1 protein and mRNA expression in PCa tissue and primary cell culture specimens of luminal and basal origin, respectively, reveals higher expression in cancerous tissue compared to benign origin. (oncotarget.com)
Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of AND-34 RNA and protein in lens epithelial cells, particularly at the lens equator. (molvis.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. (affbiotech.com)
The results obtained indicate that alpha6beta1 is necessary for VEGF expression because the ability of hypoxia to activate HIF-1 and to stimulate VEGF transcription in MDA-MB-435 cells is dependent on alpha6beta1 expression by a mechanism that involves protein kinase C-alpha. (umassmed.edu)
PSL-LCCL: a resource for subcellular protein localization in liver cancer cell line SK_HEP1. (inventbiotech.com)

Here, we show that c-Myc induction during cell cycle entry leads to a transient decrease in Mnt-Max complexes and a transient switch in the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max on shared target genes. (silverchair.com)
The t(1;3) breakpoint-spanning genes LSAMP and NORE1 are involved in clear cell renal cell carcinomas. (louisville.edu)
Gene expression experiments indicated that CARD9, BNIP3(L), TNFRSF-1B, and TNFRSF-25 genes are highly expressed in Ramos BL cells following treatment with CDBPA. (longdom.org)
Twenty-nine of these genes were significantly regulated in UC-in-remission subjects compared with non-IBD controls, including a large number of epithelial cell-expressed genes such as REG4, S100P, SERPINB5, SLC16A1, DEFB1, AQP3 and AQP8, which modulate epithelial cell growth, sensitivity to apoptosis and immune function. (bmj.com)
Among the genes that remain deregulated during remission, we identify several that are expressed by epithelial cells and are involved in epithelial cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and response to stress. (bmj.com)
Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)
Transcriptional activity is regulated by DNA binding transcription factors, but these typically act in more than one cell lineage activating different subsets of target genes in each. (edu.au)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)

In such procedures, patients undergo successive treatments with cell mobilization agents to cause mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation for harvesting. (justia.com)
When inhibition of MAPK14 is usually protracted, autophagy is usually no longer able to sustain metabolism and cells undergo non-apoptotic cell death. (conferencedequebec.org)
In cells stimulated to undergo ferroptosis we identified PE-truncated species with sn-2 truncations ranging from 5 to 9 carbons. (cdc.gov)

Histologically, the most frequent SCL is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (bvsalud.org)
CAR T-cell immunotherapy has been recently become a highly effective treatment for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (bvsalud.org)
These findings indicate that TOR inhibitors such as RAD may be effective in prevention and treatment of PTLDs and, possibly, other types of B-cell lymphoma. (upenn.edu)
Accumulating evidence indicates that expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) defines a distinct type of T-cell lymphoma. (upenn.edu)
CDBPA, possesses strong in vitro and in vivo activity against Ramos cells, representing a potential approach for therapy of Burkitt lymphoma. (longdom.org)
Clinically, grade 3B follicular lymphoma is treated like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma . (medscape.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)

During Central Nervous System ontogenesis, myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) arise from highly ramified and proliferative precursors called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). (nature.com)
Myelinating OLs originate from parenchymal precursors expressing the neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), commonly referred to as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) 4 . (nature.com)
Here, we have determined the growth-inhibitory and proapototic mechanisms of 2 small molecule inhibitors of FLT3, AG1295 or PKC412, in hematopoietic progenitor cells, human leukemic cell lines, and primary AML cells expressing FLT3-ITD. (ashpublications.org)
Improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, comprising the administration of an effective amount of an inhibitor of GTPases, such as Rac1 and Rac2 alone or in combination. (justia.com)
When stimulated to divide, they give rise to more committed, differentiated daughter cells with less proliferative potential, called "early progenitor" cells. (justia.com)
Current treatments to manage the problems that result from prolonged bone marrow suppression include the reinfusion of a patient's own previously harvested hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (justia.com)
Intradermal adipocyte progenitor cells are activated toward the end of the telogen phase to proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes. (jcadonline.com)

Our studies indicate that RAD has a strong inhibitory effect on PTLD-like and PTLD-derived B cells by suppressing their proliferation, blocking cell cycle progression and increasing apoptotic rate. (upenn.edu)
In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. (affbiotech.com)

We subsequently identified several more RASSF family members and were the first to show they also have Ras death effector/tumor suppressor properties. (louisville.edu)
Vos, M., Martinez, A., Ellis, C.A., Vallecorsa, T. and Clark G.J. The pro-apoptotic Ras effector Nore1 may serve as a Ras regulated tumor suppressor in the lung. (louisville.edu)

We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
moreover, it was able to induce DNA fragmentation and increase the activity of caspase-3 in B16F10 cells. (edu.mx)
NGF, which can bind to endogenous p75, did not induce differentiation but enhanced the EGF-induced response, leading to differentiation of almost all cells. (umassmed.edu)
EGF may induce a limited number of neuronal cells because it also enhanced apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)

We recently reported that a key step leading to Bak homo-oligomerisation following an apoptotic stimulus involves transient exposure of the Bak BH3 domain before it binds to the hydrophobic groove of another activated Bak molecule to form a novel symmetric dimer. (biologists.com)

Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
We also show that during coordinated cell death of hair follicle cells in mice, TNF-α is expressed in apoptotic cells and is required for normal cell death. (elifesciences.org)
Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
Recent reports have indicated that terpinen-4-ol exerts its antitumor effects by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells or by inducing necrotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest in mouse mesothelioma and melanoma cell lines without affecting normal cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which occurs with iron dependence. (nature.com)
What is the relationship between ferroptosis and other types of cell death? (nature.com)
Whether under physiological or pathological conditions, cell death is an unavoidable and important link in the process of life and marks the end of the life of a cell. (nature.com)
Traditionally, cell death has been divided into apoptosis and necrosis. (nature.com)
In 2012, Dixon 1 first proposed the concept of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic mode of cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). (nature.com)
CDBPA exerted a strong apoptotic cell death. (longdom.org)
Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
The term anti-cell death is used extensively to describe the observed instances of death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)
Using relevant sources of literature, the paper delivers a systematic analysis of fascinating analogies between cell death and plant development with respect to the primary functions of cell death as stipulated in the introductory outline of the discussion. (essaywriter.org)
There have been several attempts to analyze the concept of cell death in plants since the experimental demonstrations in studies conducted in the 1980s and the 1990s with the aim of dissecting the programmed nature of plant cell death (Xinqiang and Hong, pg 354). (essaywriter.org)
Since this discovery, the field of plant programmed cell death has continued to grow, with maturity depicted in studies aimed at distinguishing the roles of plant cell deaths in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Majority of the literature and experiments in the field of programmed cell death in plants draw heavily on comparative analysis retrieved from paradigms of animal systems such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
Cell death refers to a series of events that culminate in the organized and controlled destruction of the cell. (essaywriter.org)
In plants, cell death is a fundamental process, as it plays the roles of controlling the elimination of cells during plant development and defense in the form of hypersensitive response. (essaywriter.org)
The activation of cell death by plants is dependent on the decision by the plant cells based on information that these cells receive from different sources, such as the environment . (essaywriter.org)
Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
Manipulation of programmed cell death (PCD) is central to many host microbe interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, diverse biotrophic pathogens have evolved many mechanisms to suppress programmed cell death, and mutualistic and commensal microbes may employ similar mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Necrotrophic pathogens derive their nutrition from dead tissue, and many produce toxins specifically to trigger programmed cell death in their hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to these types of PCD, the GO differentiates two others (siblings of those above): "GO: 0010421 hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death" and "GO: 0010343 singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death" [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Figure 1 shows a screenshot of the AmiGO ontology browser at the Gene Ontology depicting "GO: 0012501 programmed cell death" and its child terms [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sphingolipids are an extensive class of lipids with different functions in the cell, ranging from proliferation to cell death. (frontiersin.org)
As a consequence of treatments, the most frequent mechanism of cell death is apoptosis, followed by autophagy. (frontiersin.org)
Senescent cells are unable to form the autophagolysosomes and to remove the damaged mitochondria resulting in apoptotic death. (aging-us.com)
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) is the point of no return in many forms of apoptotic cell death. (biologists.com)
Accordingly, prevention of MOMP can rescue cells from death. (biologists.com)
Ferroptosis is an iron dependent form of cell death, that is triggered by the discoordination of iron, lipids, and thiols. (cdc.gov)
Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)

While Akt Ser 473 phosphorylation was readily detectable in AND-34 +/+ lens epithelial cells, it was markedly reduced in the AND-34 −/− lens epithelium. (molvis.org)
These results demonstrate the loss of AND-34 dysregulates focal adhesion complex signaling in lens epithelial cells and suggest that AND-34-mediated signaling is required for maintenance of the structural integrity of the adult ocular lens. (molvis.org)
L. A multinucleating Escherichia coli cytotoxic perturbs cell cycle in cultured epithelial cells. (onlinepdfcatalog.com)

Crucial cells in CLE pathogenesis comprise plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as major producers of type I IFN, T cells exerting cytotoxic effects, and B cells, previously believed to contribute via secretion of autoantibodies. (frontiersin.org)
These are capable of connecting any kind of cytotoxic T cell to a cancer cell, independently of T-cell receptor specificity, costimulation, or peptide antigen presentation. (aacrjournals.org)
The concept of using such bispecific antibodies to engage cytotoxic T cells for cancer cell lysis was shown by Staerz and colleagues ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Likewise, bispecific antibodies for engagement of other cytotoxic immune cells were constructed, for instance, targeting Fcγ RI/CD64 on macrophages and Her2/neu or EGFR on tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Aqueous and methanolic extracts showed a cytotoxic effect in MCF-7, HepG2, and B16F10 cell lines. (edu.mx)
Several inhibitors have been described, such as AG1295, CEP701, PKC412, and SU-11 248, with cytotoxic effects to cell lines and primary AML cells in vitro expressing mutant FLT3. (ashpublications.org)

Adipose cells organized in small clusters under the reticular dermis closely interact with hair follicular cells and regulate the hair cycle. (jcadonline.com)

6-OAP induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, as detected by DNA fragmentation assay. (spandidos-publications.com)
Androgen deprivation therapy induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. (oncotarget.com)
The BH3-mimetic Obatoclax induces apoptosis and decreases MCL1 expression in androgen-sensitive PCa cells, while castration-resistant PCa cells are less sensitive and react with an upregulation of MCL1 expression. (oncotarget.com)
Savini I , Arnone R , Catani MV, Avigliano L. Origanum vulgare induces apoptosis in human colon cancer caco2 cells. (onlinepdfcatalog.com)
It has been shown before that LH induces CREB phospho rylation and that e pression of a dominant nega tive CREB variant was enough to block androgen biosynthesis in rat TIC cells. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)

it both initiates a proteolytic cascade of pro-apoptotic enzymes and damages mitochondrial function. (biologists.com)

3. Mechanisms of malignant cell transformation by the chimeric NPM/ALK kinase. (upenn.edu)
Metformin (MTF) has been reported to target NLK (Nemo-like kinase) to inhibit non-small lung cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)

6‑O‑angeloylplenolin (6‑OAP) is a sesquiterpene lactone agent that has been previously demonstrated to inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cells through mitotic arrest with accumulated cyclin B1. (spandidos-publications.com)
BL cells and normal fibroblasts were exposed to CDBPA for cytotoxicity screening by XTT assay, followed by cell cycle arrest, determination of apoptosis using Flow Cytometry and by annexin V/FITC/PI assay. (longdom.org)

This acute dynamic drop is usually sensed by AMPK, which promotes a FOXO3/FoxO3A-mediated autophagic response leading to cell survival. (conferencedequebec.org)
One of the mechanisms of high basal autophagy activity in cancer Ras-expressing cells might be associated with high PP2A phosphatase activity targeting directly ULK1-Ser757 that could explain apparent contradiction: maintenance of high mTORC1 functions and high autophagic activity simultaneously [ 22 ]. (aging-us.com)

Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. (novusbio.com)

Based on the hypothesis that alpha6beta1 is necessary for the survival of these cells in the tumor microenvironment, we report here that hypoxia protects these cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and that hypoxia-mediated protection requires alpha6beta1 expression. (umassmed.edu)
We investigated the influence of alpha6beta1 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression because autocrine VEGF is necessary for the survival of serum-deprived cells in hypoxia. (umassmed.edu)

The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
Unlike any other ER isolation kit in the market, the Minute TM ER enrichment kit employs a patented spin-column-based technology that is simple, rapid, and requires only a small amount of starting cultured cells or tissues. (inventbiotech.com)
This kit can differentially precipitate native ER (mainly rough ER) from cultured cells/tissues without using a Dounce homogenizer and ultracentrifugation. (inventbiotech.com)

In higher vertebrates these processes include digit formation and nervous system cell culling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Subsequently, cells were washed with PBS and harvested under non denaturing conditions by incuba tion with lysis buffer as described above. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
Subsequently, isolated leuko cytes were labelled with Calcein AM, MCs were washed with PBS, followed by addition of labelled leukocyte cell suspension in DMEM to each well. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)

Leukocytic, hematopoietic cells are important in maintaining the body's defense against disease. (justia.com)

One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)

Similar findings were made in bone marrow cells from gene-targeted mice lacking Bim and/or Puma infected with FLT3-ITD and treated with inhibitor, where loss of Puma only provided transient protection from apoptosis, but loss of Bim preserved clonal survival upon FLT3-ITD inhibition. (ashpublications.org)
In particular, embodiments of the method involve inhibition of both Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood of a subject. (justia.com)

Although cDNA microarray has been successfully used to explore the gene expression in ESCC, it is difficult to be used in the precursor lesions due to the difficulty to obtain the dysplastic cells accurately. (biomedcentral.com)
The diverse cell types are genetically identical, but differ in their form and function due to differences in gene expression. (edu.au)

FLT3-ITD expression causes malignant transformation and factor-independent growth when expressed in factor-dependent cell lines. (ashpublications.org)
Increasing evidence indicates that EBV miRNAs target the host mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. (ijbs.com)

Then, the phenotype, subpopulations, cell viability and cytotoxicity of NK cells derived from Miltenyi medium (denoted as M-NK) and X-VIVO 15 (denoted as X-NK) were compared using a "3IL" strategy. (bvsalud.org)
In vivo, groups of C57BL/6 female mice were subcutaneously injected with 5x10 5 B16F10 cells and treated with 25 mg/mL of C. aequipetala extracts via oral. (edu.mx)

Furthermore, simultaneous Cre-Lox mediated deletion of Mnt and c-Myc in mouse embryo fibroblasts rescued the cell cycle entry and proliferative block caused by c-Myc ablation alone. (silverchair.com)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

6,7 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been isolated from other sources, such as bone marrow, 8 the placenta, 9 muscle, 10 or blood. (jcadonline.com)

The mechanism of 6‑OAP cytotoxicity in all cell lines was associated with the induction of apoptosis with the presence of cleaved caspase‑3 and PARP. (spandidos-publications.com)
OBJECTIVE: To explore the similarities and variations of biological phenotype and cytotoxicity of human umbilical cord blood natural killer cells (hUC- NK) after human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (hUC-MNC) activated and expanded by two in vitro high-efficient strategies. (bvsalud.org)

It does not have the morphological characteristics of typical necrosis, such as swelling of the cytoplasm and organelles and rupture of the cell membrane, nor does it have the characteristics of traditional cell apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies and disintegration of the cytoskeleton. (nature.com)
Their cell lineage-specific effects are governed by chromatin structure. (edu.au)
We are currently investigating the function of chromatin modifiers during embryonic development, in adult stem cell populations and in cancer, and modelling chromatin-based intellectual disability to discover ameliorating treatments. (edu.au)

There were no significant differences between X-NK and M-NK groups in cell proliferation and cell cycle, except for the lower percentage of Annexin V+ apoptotic cells in M-NK group. (bvsalud.org)

How to intervene in the occurrence and development of related diseases by regulating cell ferroptosis has become a hotspot and focus of etiological research and treatment, but the functional changes and specific molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis still need to be further explored. (nature.com)

More recently we determined that the constitutive Jak/STAT activation is due, at least in part, to the lack of expression of SHP-1 phosphatase, which normally down-regulates IL-2R/ c-mediated cell activating signals. (upenn.edu)
Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)

In animals, morphological distinctions have since been used to distinguish different types of cell deaths, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
On the other hand, similar morphological terms are currently being developed to distinguish different types of cell deaths in plants. (essaywriter.org)

In this paper, we evaluated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. aequipetala on several cancer cell lines including the B16F10 cell line of murine melanoma and carried a murine model assay. (edu.mx)
Cell adhesion assay was performed as per manufacturers protocol. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)

To form the higher-order oligomers that probably constitute the apoptotic pore complex, Bak dimers then interact via regions away from the BH3 domain and groove. (biologists.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)

However, the activation of AMPK-dependent autophagy overcomes pro-apoptotic effects of MEK/ERK inhibitor and results in restoration of the mitochondria and rescue of viability. (aging-us.com)
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) plays an important role in cancer cells survival upon various conditions of intra- and extracellular stress. (aging-us.com)
According to recent data, Ras-transformed cells require autophagy to survive and maintain malignant phenotype [ 5 - 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
Given that autophagy is initiated upon suppressed mTORC1 activity, a protective autophagy in Ras-transformed cells with a high level of mTORC1 activity appears to be mTORC1-independent [ 20 , 21 ]. (aging-us.com)

Among lung cancers, nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) account for approximately 80% of lung cancer cases [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, there is no report on the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol against human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
There is increasing evidence that T cells are able to control tumor growth and survival in cancer patients, both in early and late stages of the disease. (aacrjournals.org)
However, tumor-specific T-cell responses are difficult to mount and sustain in cancer patients, and are limited by numerous immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells selected during immunoediting. (aacrjournals.org)
An alternative approach to engage T cells for cancer therapy are antibodies, which are bispecific for a surface target antigen on cancer cells, and for CD3 on T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Pioneering work by Kufer and colleagues ( 6 ) showed that CD3/target antigen-bispecific antibodies of this particular design had an exceptionally high potency, and could likewise engage CD8 + and CD4 + T cells for redirected lysis of cancer cells at very low effector to target (E:T) ratios. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy against hematological cancer. (upstate.edu)
Therefore, hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into a subject's peripheral blood by the method of the invention is useful as a source of donor cells in bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer, anemia, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. (justia.com)
Cancer cells exploit a variety of protective mechanisms that allow them to acquire selective advantage and proliferate under unfavorable conditions. (aging-us.com)
Advances in measuring cancer cell metabolism with subcellular resolution. (inventbiotech.com)

Altogether, our results suggest that MCL1 is a key molecule deciding over the fate of PCa cells upon inactivation of androgen receptor signaling. (oncotarget.com)

Mnt overexpression suppressed cell cycle entry and cell proliferation, suggesting that the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max is critical for cell cycle entry. (silverchair.com)
Lactate production and the expression of galectin-9, a critical immunosuppression molecule, were detected after PKM2 knockdown and overexpression in HNSCC cells. (researchsquare.com)

The molecular mechanism of this TOR inhibitor-mediated cell growth suppression is currently under investigation. (upenn.edu)
AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
Therefore, gene activity is an important mechanism in embryonic development and adult stem cell differentiation. (edu.au)
The rational of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the treatment of neurological disease is either to replace dead neurons or to improve host neuronal survival the latter of which has got less attention and the underlying mechanism is as yet little known. (biobender.com)

Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
Sodium channels are highly selective for the transport of ions across cell membranes. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
This can provide Ras-expressing tumor cells additional selective advantages under stress or damage. (aging-us.com)

Sequential rounds of division and differentiation give rise to an enormous amplification of cell numbers, necessary for the production of mature blood cells. (justia.com)
Sphingolipids are remarkably diverse and have crucial roles in maintaining barrier function and fluidity, as well as regulating the cell cycle, cell motility, differentiation, adhesion, and apoptosis ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Even though both EGF and NGF are required for differentiation of LAN5/ET-R cells, only NGF is required for survival of the differentiated cells. (umassmed.edu)

Expression of AND-34 regulates epithelial cell growth pattern, motility, and growth factor dependence. (molvis.org)

BL is characterized by monomorphic medium-sized B cells with basophilic cytoplasm and numerous mitotic figures [ 3 , 4 ]. (longdom.org)
In non-neoplastic tissue, STK11 yellowing was limited to the cytoplasm of luminal cells coating the glandular acini (Fig.?1C, higher -panel). (conferencedequebec.org)

In contrast to c-Myc, the putative Myc antagonist Mnt is maintained at a constant level during cell cycle entry. (silverchair.com)

To understand the functional interactions between the TrkA and p75 nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors, we stably transfected LAN5 neuroblastoma cells with an expression vector for ET-R, a chimeric receptor with the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the TrkA transmembrane and intracellular domains. (umassmed.edu)

Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)

Our most recent work focuses on the molecular mechanisms of the aberrant gene silencing in the malignant lymphoid cells. (upenn.edu)
Collectively, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpinen-4-ol-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, rendering this compound a potential anticancer drug for NSCLC. (hindawi.com)

Specifically, methods are disclosed for mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood. (justia.com)
The various mature blood cell types are all ultimately derived from a single class of progenitor cell known as hematopoietic stem cells. (justia.com)
True stem cells are both pluripotent-that is they can give rise to all cell types-and capable of self-renewal. (justia.com)
Stem cells represent a very small percentage of bone marrow cells, and are normally quiescent. (justia.com)
Other cell types derived from hematopoietic stem cells include platelets and erythrocytes. (justia.com)
The use of high-dosage chemotherapy or radiotherapy for bone marrow ablation requires subsequent incorporation of hematopoietic stem cells into the patient, in which case prior harvesting of such cells is required. (justia.com)
The success of treatment crucially depends on the mobilization of the bone marrow stem cells, the subsequent return of which permits the patient to achieve reconstitution of a functioning hematopoietic system. (justia.com)
In many cases, successfully mobilization is not effected in the patient and inadequate numbers of hematopoietic stem cells are harvested from these patients using current methods. (justia.com)
We have shown that MOZ/MYST3 is essential for the development of haematopoietic stem cells and that QKF/MYST4 has a critical role in neural stem cells and in brain development. (edu.au)

Anatomy31

Organisms11

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs115

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes71

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Pathway22

Downstream5

Pathways9

Tumors6

Variety of effector1

Cellular14

Proteins6

Molecules3

Senescence1

Regulation10

Intrinsic2

Squamous cell carc6

Protein7

Genes10

Hair follicles1

Undergo3

Lymphoma8

Progenitor cells7

Progression2

Tumor suppressor2

Induce4

Stimulus1

Death34

Epithelial cells3

Cytotoxic6

Regulate1

Induces5

Mitochondrial1

Kinase2

Arrest2

Autophagic2

Freeze-thaw cycles1

Hypoxia2

Tissues3

Processes1

Subsequently2

Hematopoietic cells1

Oncogenic1

Inhibition2

Gene expression2

Transformation2

Vivo2

Fibroblasts2

Mesenchymal1

Cytotoxicity2

Chromatin3

Proliferation and cell1

Ferroptosis1

Signals4

Morphological2

Assay2

Complex2

Autophagy4

Cancer14

Inactivation1

Overexpression2

Mechanism4

Selective3

Differentiation3

Motility1

Cytoplasm2

Contrast1

Receptor1

Homeostasis1

Mechanisms2

Stem cells9