Apoptotic cells senescence cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
Is p53-dependent ferroptosis sufficient for tumor suppression in the absence of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis? (nature.com)
To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)
It can further allow these cells to stop their functions and differentiations to undergo a programmed cell death process called apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, the withdrawal process could allow cells to encounter further parts of their cell life, namely senescence and natural apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike apoptosis, senescence is a state of which cells are still alive and metabolically active. (frontiersin.org)
However in all cases for cancer to develop, the cells have to acquire mutations that allow growth--‐regulation bypass and apoptosis evasion, both of which are normally under strict supervision. (5dok.net)
These molecules are able to oxidize cellular macromolecules and DNA, potentially resulting in damage and mutations to proteins and genes that usually manage cell growth, proliferation or apoptosis. (5dok.net)
p53 is a tumor suppressor that has a central role in regulating cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. (novusbio.com)
p53 is a tumor suppressor and transcription factor that responds to cellular stress by activating the transcription of numerous genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and DNA repair. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
Depletion of HSP70-2 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cellular growth, motility, onset of apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest as well as reduction of tumor growth in the xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we have examined the putative role of HSP70-2 in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in-vitro and in-vivo xenograft mouse model using gene silencing approach. (biomedcentral.com)
These pathways link RASSF proteins into the control of motility, genetic stability, apoptosis, the cell cycle, regulation of protein stability, senescence and DNA repair. (louisville.edu)
Moreover, apoptosis and senescence were augmented and recovery from treatment-induced DNA damage was delayed. (biomedcentral.com)
The hypoxia-induced apoptosis, cell survival, and cell paracrine function of aged hBM-MSCs were investigated in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Through lentivirus-mediated upregulation of miR-10a and downregulation of KLF4 in aged hBM-MSCs in vitro, we revealed that miR-10a decreased hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis and increased cell survival of aged hBM-MSCs by repressing the KLF4-BAX/BCL2 pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
They also found that downregulation of miR10a/10b in clonal cells interfered with cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis by activating the NF-κB-dependent p53 pathway [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells may continue progressing through the cell cycle as tetraploid cells (Adaptation I), may exit G1 phase and undergo apoptosis or senescence (Adaption II), or may escape to G1 and undergo apoptosis during interphase (Adaptation III). (smpdb.ca)
In animals, morphological distinctions have since been used to distinguish different types of cell deaths, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
Majority of the literature and experiments in the field of programmed cell death in plants draw heavily on comparative analysis retrieved from paradigms of animal systems such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
After irradiation, we performed cell counting, MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle, immunocytofluorescence of γ-H2AX and Hoechst 33258, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay to identify differential effects. (bioone.org)
The p53 gene determines whether a cell should survive a damage or should undergo apoptosis. (samplefellow.com)
Studies have shown that the elusive molecular mechanism of Ser46 phosphorylation of p53 induce apoptosis in the tumor cells, which makes the molecular mechanism a potential target for cancer therapy. (samplefellow.com)
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional pathway enrichment analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that the most enriched signaling pathways in aged mice lungs are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis, senescence, development, oxidative stress, and inflammation. (aging-us.com)
Using the miRNet database we identified TNFα, mTOR, TGFβ, WNT, FoxO, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathways as the potential targets of several of the dysregulated miRNAs supporting that old lungs have increased susceptibility for apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. (aging-us.com)
Keywords: Dicer p21 cell cycle apoptosis HACAT miRNA signaling pathway p53 5 Introduction p53 is a versatile transcription factor which integrates information from unbalanced mitotic oncogenic or metabolic stress into graded cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest senescence DNA repair block of angiogenesis or apoptosis. (careersfromscience.org)
they act as longevity assurance genes as they prevent genome damage, on the other hand, gatekeepers act on intact cells and eliminate potential cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cellular senescence and prevent the development of cancer 5 . (ijpsr.com)
In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) isolated from mulberry fruit against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
The MIN6 pancreatic β-cells were used to investigate the cytoprotective effects of C3G on the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Our results revealed that H2O2 increased the rate of apoptosis by stimulating various pro-apoptotic processes, such as the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, our results suggest that C3G isolated from mulberry fruit has potential for use as a phytotherapeutic agent for the prevention of diabetes by preventing oxidative stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of C3G isolated from mulberry fruit against the H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis of MIN6N pancreatic β-cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Indeed apoptosis is inhibited in senescent cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)

Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role and mechanism of cellular senescence in kidney fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest coupled with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we summarize the evidence linking cellular senescence to the pathogenesis of CKD and discuss current understanding of the mechanism and regulators controlling senescence. (frontiersin.org)
We studied whether cellular senescence induced by HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate in E1a+cHa-Ras -transformed rat embryo fibroblasts (ERas) and A549 human Ki-Ras mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells would enhance the tumor suppressor effect of MEK/ERK inhibition. (aging-us.com)
Treatment of control ERas cells with PD0325901 for 24 h results in mitochondria damage and apoptotic death of a part of cellular population. (aging-us.com)
Cellular senescence is a multifaceted process that arrests the proliferation of cells that are at risk of neoplastic transformation. (nature.com)
There is now substantial evidence that cellular senescence is a barrier to malignant tumorigenesis in vivo . (nature.com)
There is also mounting evidence that cellular senescence contributes to ageing. (nature.com)
Proliferating cells can initiate an additional response by adopting a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest that is termed cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Understanding the causes and consequences of cellular senescence has provided novel insights into how cells react to stress, especially genotoxic stress, and how this cellular response can affect complex organismal processes such as the development of cancer and ageing. (nature.com)
Campisi, J. Cellular senescence as a tumor-suppressor mechanism. (nature.com)
Changes in cortical neurones included alterations in insulin and other signalling pathways, cell cycle, cellular senescence, inflammatory mediators, and components of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain. (biomedcentral.com)
There is accumulating evidence that when only a few telomeres are short, they form end-associations, leading to a DNA damage signal resulting in replicative senescence (a cellular growth arrest, also called the M1 stage). (elsevierpure.com)
In a rare M2 cell, telomerase (a cellular reverse transcriptase) can be reactivated or up-regulated, resulting in indefinite cell proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
Normally, p53 allows cells to sense and respond to cellular stress such as DNA damage or hypoxia (2). (novusbio.com)
p53 can control diverse transcriptional programs to regulate senescence and cell death programs as well as cellular metabolism (2). (novusbio.com)
p53 integrates a variety of signals and allows cells to respond in a manner that is highly dependent on cellular context (2). (novusbio.com)
Unlike normal cells, which have infrequent cause for p53 activation, tumor cells are under constant cellular stress from various insults including hypoxia and pro-apoptotic oncogene activation. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Cancer, aging and cellular senescence - Normal cells do not divide indefinitely due to a process termed cellular or replicative senescence. (chewdigest.com)
Despite the protection from cancer conveyed by cellular senescence and other mechanisms that suppress tumorigenesis, the development of cancer is almost inevitable as mammalian organisms age. (chewdigest.com)
Although the idea remains controversial, cellular senescence has also been proposed to contribute to organismal aging. (chewdigest.com)
Plasmid driven short hairpin RNA approach was employed to validate the role of HSP70-2 in cellular proliferation, senescence, migration, invasion and tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
We also report that HSP70-2 plays an important role in cellular growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and tumor growth of breast cancer xenograft. (biomedcentral.com)
This is the first demonstration that moderation of splicing factor levels is associated with reversal of cellular senescence in human primary fibroblasts. (beds.ac.uk)
Our biochemical and cellular analysis thus demonstrates that the GID/CTLH complex prevents cell cycle exit in G1, at least in part by degrading Hbp1. (elifesciences.org)
Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
The fact that cycloheximide delays tepal senescence demonstrates the synthesis of particular proteins probably enzymes, responsible for degradation of cellular constituents, executes the cell death programme in flower tepals. (scialert.net)
Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. (nih.gov)
Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
2021). The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells . (essex.ac.uk)
In line with previous reports from other cellular systems we observed a profound G1/S arrest in Dicer1 deficient HACAT cells as compared with wild-type (wt) PD173955 cells treated with non-target siRNA (Fig.?1A). (careersfromscience.org)
Cellular senescence was first observed by Hayflick and Moorhead about 5 decades ago in 1961. (ijpsr.com)
Cells undergo cellular senescence to avoid the formation of cancer or other diseases related to a mutation in the cell due to any kind of stressors such as oxidative stress, telomere damage or epigenomic damage. (ijpsr.com)
Cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. (ijpsr.com)
In this review, we are trying to find the link between cellular senescence and age-related neurological disorders 3 . (ijpsr.com)
Two tumor suppressor proteins p53 and p16 are responsible for cellular senescence 4 . (ijpsr.com)
To address this issue, primary mouse cells, haploinsufficient for one or two proteins, ATM and RAD9, related to the cellular response to DNA damage were examined. (aacrjournals.org)
At the cellular level, FXR activation resulted in down-regulation of procaspase -3, vimentin, and MMP9, which triggers apoptotic cell death, cell cycle arrest, and switch from mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype. (edu.iq)
Notably, many lncRNAs dysregulation are associated with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and affect various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including proliferation, survival, migration or genomic stability. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

A classic paper that describes the limited replicative lifespan of normal human cells. (nature.com)
We will argue that telomere shortening in the absence of other alterations may be a potent tumor suppressor mechanism and we will discuss the evidence for and against the major molecular mechanisms proposed to initiate replicative senescence. (elsevierpure.com)
Several lines of evidence suggest that replicative senescence evolved to protect higher eukaryotes, particularly mammals, from developing cancer. (chewdigest.com)
Replicative senescence occurs because, owing to the biochemistry of DNA replication, cells acquire one or more critically short telomere. (chewdigest.com)
Accordingly we developed a novel panel of small molecules based on resveratrol, previously suggested to alter mRNA splicing, to determine whether altered splicing factor expression had potential to influence features of replicative senescence. (beds.ac.uk)
1 In their studies, they observed that human diploid cells replicate a finite number of times before they undergo irreversible arrest, 1 it was termed as Hayflick limit also known as replicative senescence (RS) 2 . (ijpsr.com)

Cancer is the collective name for the group of diseases that results from aberrant cell growth and proliferation. (5dok.net)
Under growth permissive conditions, cells demonstrating restored splicing factor expression also demonstrated increased telomere length, re-entered cell cycle and resumed proliferation. (beds.ac.uk)
MTA thereby interferes with the proliferation and survival of replicating cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
Our group found that the proliferation and differentiation ability of aged human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) was decreased whereas cell senescence was increased [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Learn about the assays used to assess cell proliferation and the cell cycle. (abcam.com)
In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Bowen, 2004} detected keratinocyte proliferation by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) marking, 13,9% of keratinocytes were stained, compared with 6,4% in normal skin. (globale-dermatologie.com)
We hypothesized that FXR and FMD may inhibit proliferation and the metastatic phenotype in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. (edu.iq)

At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. (biomedcentral.com)
This results in decreased anti-apoptotic activity. (smpdb.ca)
Phospho-site-specific analyses revealed that pro-apoptotic information elicited by Myc β-catenin and other mitotic pathways early in G1 are absorbed and balanced by anti-apoptotic signaling from AKT and NFκB in Dicer1-competent cells. (careersfromscience.org)
The absence of regulatory miRNAs however led to a substantial delay of anti-apoptotic signaling leaving pro-apoptotic stress unbalanced in Dicer1-deprived cells. (careersfromscience.org)
We here show that this temporal separation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling induced by inhibition of Dicer1 is synergistic and synthetic lethal to low-dose 5-FU chemotherapy in p53-mutated HACAT cells. (careersfromscience.org)

Senescent cells elicit their fibrogenic actions primarily by secreting an assortment of inflammatory and profibrotic factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (frontiersin.org)
Increasing evidence indicates that senescent cells could be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention known as senotherapy, which includes depleting senescent cells, modulating SASP and restoration of senescence inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
We also highlight potential options of targeting senescent cells for the treatment of CKD. (frontiersin.org)
We also highlight potential options for targeting senescent cells in developing therapeutics for CKD patients. (frontiersin.org)
Senescent ERas cells do not develop cytoprotective autophagy upon inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway due to spatial dissociation of lysosomes and autophagosomes in the senescent cells. (aging-us.com)
Senescent cells are unable to form the autophagolysosomes and to remove the damaged mitochondria resulting in apoptotic death. (aging-us.com)
Our data show that suppression of MEK/ERK pathway in senescent cells provides a new strategy for elimination of Ras-expressing cells. (aging-us.com)
Figure 5: Potential deleterious effects of senescent cells. (nature.com)
Senescent cells have recently been shown to accumulate with age in human tissues. (chewdigest.com)
One possibility is that the tissue microenvironment is disrupted by the accumulation of dysfunctional senescent cells. (chewdigest.com)
Thus, mutation accumulation may synergize with the accumulation of senescent cells, leading to increasing risk for developing cancer that is a hallmark of mammalian aging. (chewdigest.com)
The accumulation of senescent cells also occurs in vivo with advancing age and causes much degenerative age-related pathology. (beds.ac.uk)
Splicing factor expression is known to be dysregulated in senescent cells of multiple lineages [ 2 ] and it is now well established that the accumulation of senescent cells is a direct cause of multiple aspects of both ageing and age-related disease in mammals [ 18 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Senescent cells accumulate progressively through life in a variety of mammalian species [ 15 ], and premature senescence is a hallmark of many human progeroid syndromes. (beds.ac.uk)
Senescent cells show a distinctive feature called Senescent associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) which includes increased expression of p16 and Beta-galactosidase can be used as a marker for senescent cells. (ijpsr.com)
Senescent cells are involved in exacerbating various kinds of age-related disorders such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, etc . (ijpsr.com)
The paper also throws light on how cell senescence can be used to treat cancer known as therapy-induced senescence and various strategies to treat age-related pathologies by senotherapy in which senescent cells are targeted. (ijpsr.com)
Senescent cells are mitotically inactive but are viable. (ijpsr.com)
Senescent cells show SASP (senescent associate's secretory phenotype) which includes molecular changes such as morphological changes, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. (ijpsr.com)
Increased expression of p16 and β -galactosidase can be used as markers to identify senescent cells. (ijpsr.com)
Senescent cells showing SASP has been associated with various age-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and other cardiovascular diseases. (ijpsr.com)
Two schools of thought exist, one states that SK develops from an accumulation of senescent cells, whereas the other states that cells hyperproliferate. (globale-dermatologie.com)

According to recent data, Ras-transformed cells require autophagy to survive and maintain malignant phenotype [ 5 - 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
Recent findings suggest that certain types of DNA damage and inappropriate mitogenic signals can also cause cells to adopt a senescent phenotype. (chewdigest.com)
Thus, cells respond to a number of potentially oncogenic stimuli by adopting a senescent phenotype. (chewdigest.com)
Interestingly, a cell population was identified that displayed an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and which had a stem cell phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Due to DNA damage response, senescence-like phenotype has been seen in cortical neurons. (ijpsr.com)

Cell senescence can be a result of the exposure to stress such as oxidative stress, epigenomic damage or DNA damage, or it can be due to telomere shortening is also known as end replication problem. (ijpsr.com)
When external stressors such as telomere damage, oxidative stress (RAS activity) or epigenetic stress has been encountered by the cells, it activates ATM/ARF and p19ARF which in turn activates p53 pathway 6 . (ijpsr.com)
Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidants present in natural products protect cells by reducing H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The mechanisms involve the proteins and DNA sequences inside cells. (wikipedia.org)
As these cells with limited functions are inefficient in performing body activities, they are programmed to self demolition under the presence of apoptotic signals, such as caspase proteins and Bcl-2 family regulation proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Two powerful tumour suppressor pathways, controlled by the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRB) proteins, are important for establishing and maintaining the senescence growth arrest. (nature.com)
In addition to its role as a transcription factor, p53 functions in the cytoplasm to regulate the activity of apoptotic pathway proteins such as BAX, BAK , and BCL-2 (2). (novusbio.com)
Although the mechanisms are still unclear, p53 is thought to regulate these apoptotic proteins through direct interaction (2). (novusbio.com)
Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Based on observations that in addition to driving growth and transformation, activated K-Ras was also powerfully pro-apoptotic, we used an in silico approach to identify potential novel Ras binding proteins that might mediate the growth inhibitory properties of Ras. (louisville.edu)
Furthermore, C3G regulated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway-associated proteins, such as proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family, cytochrome c and caspase-3. (spandidos-publications.com)
The results show that cells having low levels of both ATM and RAD9 proteins are more sensitive to transformation by radiation, have different DNA double-strand break repair dynamics and are less apoptotic when compared with wild-type controls or those cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Our conclusions are that under stress conditions, the efficiency and capacity for DNA repair mediated by the ATM/RAD9 cell signaling network depend on the abundance of both proteins and that, in general, DNA repair network efficiencies are genotype-dependent and can vary within a specific range. (aacrjournals.org)
Another conclusion from most of the cases is that animals or cells haploinsufficient for the specified proteins have higher transformation rates after DNA damage is induced, but when their DNA is not significantly damaged by exogenous sources, tumor development rates are the same as for their wild-type counterparts. (aacrjournals.org)

In support of this concept, some p53 WT tumors appear to exhibit reduced apoptotic capacity, although their capacity to undergo cell cycle arrest remains intact. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The mechanism of vincristine is the inhibition of microtubule dynamics that would cause mitotic arrest and eventual cell death. (smpdb.ca)
Progression from metaphase to anaphase is blocked and cells enter a state of mitotic arrest. (smpdb.ca)
Another possibility is cell death during mitotic arrest. (smpdb.ca)
Employing a cell cycle-wide phospho-proteomic approach we detected neglectable changes in abundance and schedule of overall and cell cycle periodic protein expression despite cell cycle arrest of Dicer1-depleted cells. (careersfromscience.org)
Dicer1 depletion causes cell cycle arrest and restoration of p21CIP in HACAT cells. (careersfromscience.org)
Moreover, our study showed that INT 747 either alone or combined with FMD robustly induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. (edu.iq)

Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)
These pathways respond to somewhat different stimuli but interact and cooperate to control the senescence response. (nature.com)
Figure 4: Senescence controlled by the p53 and p16-pRB pathways. (nature.com)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the absence of cell-cycle checkpoint pathways (e.g. p53 and or p16/Rb), cells bypass M1 senescence and telomeres continue to shorten eventually resulting in crisis (also called the M2 stage). (elsevierpure.com)
The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
This review is focused on the major factors responsible for cell senescence, its related pathways, and the role of cell senescence in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. (ijpsr.com)

In mammalian organisms, cells that express markers of senescence have been shown to accumulate with age and at sites of certain age-related pathologies. (nature.com)

Yu J, Yang K, Zheng J, Zhao W, Sun X. Synergistic tumor inhibition of colon cancer cells by nitazoxanide and obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor ligand. (edu.iq)
Treatment of CRC cells with MS-444 resulted in growth inhibition and increased apoptotic gene expression, while similar treatment doses in non-transformed intestinal cells had no appreciable effects. (oncotarget.com)

We demonstrated previously that miR-10a is significantly decreased in aged hBM-MSCs and restoration of the miR-10a level attenuated cell senescence and increased the differentiation capacity of aged hBM-MSCs by repressing Krüpple-like factor 4 (KLF4). (biomedcentral.com)
We also found that miR-10a increased differentiation and decrease senescence in old hBM-MSCs through the target gene Krüpple-like factor 4 (KLF4) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, other studies have suggested that miR-10a may have additional effects other than regulating cell senescence and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, gene activity is an important mechanism in embryonic development and adult stem cell differentiation. (edu.au)
They regulate 60% of all known human mRNAs and play key roles in cell physiology differentiation and carcinogenesis. (careersfromscience.org)

Sager, R. Senescence as a mode of tumor suppression. (nature.com)

Therefore, telomeres act as the buffer for cells to continue dividing and when telomeres are worn out, cells lose their dividing function. (wikipedia.org)
Telomeres progressively shorten in almost all dividing cells and most human cells do not express or maintain sufficient telomerase activity to fully maintain telomeres. (elsevierpure.com)
Wright, Woodring E. / Senescence and immortalization : Role of telomeres and telomerase . (elsevierpure.com)

Certain mechanisms are present to prevent cells from indefinite division, which is mostly done by programmed failure in DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer cells exploit a variety of protective mechanisms that allow them to acquire selective advantage and proliferate under unfavorable conditions. (aging-us.com)
One of the mechanisms of high basal autophagy activity in cancer Ras-expressing cells might be associated with high PP2A phosphatase activity targeting directly ULK1-Ser757 that could explain apparent contradiction: maintenance of high mTORC1 functions and high autophagic activity simultaneously [ 22 ]. (aging-us.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
The PD173955 mechanisms however by which miRNAs interfere with cell survival and programmed cell death in transformed cells are still obscure. (careersfromscience.org)
This review expounds the up- or down-regulation of lncRNAs in OSCC and the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs perform their function in the malignant cell. (biomedcentral.com)

Despite a large number of promising inhibitors for Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, recent works show that cancer cells often develop an autophagy-dependent resistance to inhibitors of Ras pathway [ 16 ]. (aging-us.com)
The interactions between proteases and their inhibitors have been linked to modulation of cell death processes in plants and in certain cut flowers. (scialert.net)
Co-Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cells with Mscs Expressing Trail and Iap Inhibitors Reduce Trail Resistance and Production of Trail-Induced Cytokines. (essex.ac.uk)
Consequently we screened for expression of CDK inhibitors and found substantial upregulation of p21CIP1 in Dicer1-disrupted cells but not in Dicer1-competent (non-target siRNA) controls (Fig.?1B). (careersfromscience.org)
This finding is of utmost importance since p53 is known to be key for p21 expression.2 The results reported here suggest that depletion of Dicer1 restores p21 expression in p53-mutated cells and that miRNA critically contributes to cell cycle regulation at least in part through intervening with the cyclin/CDK system and its inhibitors. (careersfromscience.org)

Many stimuli elicit a senescence response. (nature.com)

TERT promoter mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and prognostic significance. (nih.gov)
An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)

As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
Cancer is the result of aberrant regulation of growth and death in cells. (5dok.net)
Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Tumor protein p53, a nuclear protein, plays an essential role in the regulation of cell cycle, specifically in the transition from G0 to G1. (affbiotech.cn)

The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)

The cells may then undergo one of several fates. (smpdb.ca)
The tetraploid cell may undergo unequal cell division producing aneuploid daughter cells. (smpdb.ca)

We hypothesized that prolonged pretreatment with pemetrexed could be beneficial, as prior depletion of nucleotide pools could sensitize cancer cells to subsequent treatment with cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)

These findings reveal differential expression profiles of genes and miRNAs affecting cell survival and the inflammatory response during lung aging. (aging-us.com)
Cigarette smoke exerts inflammatory and suppressive effects on immune cells, alters mucosal immunity and promotes autoimmunity, resulting in oral cancers [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

By adapting the above mechanism, cells are prevented from over dividing. (wikipedia.org)
Some other cells do not have the mechanism of cell cycle withdrawal because they don't even contain the function of cell division. (wikipedia.org)
These findings suggest that the senescence response is a fail-safe mechanism that protects cells from tumorigenic transformation. (chewdigest.com)
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pretreatment with different concentrations of Cycloheximide (CHI) before transfer to Distilled Water (DW) or Sucrose (0.15 M) on senescence with the ultimate aim to gain an insight into the mechanism of senescence and to improve its postharvest performance. (scialert.net)

Although, stress plays a major role in the induction of premature senescence, depending upon the damage due to stressor cells react in different ways as it determines if the damage is high, the cell will go under-programmed cell death and if the damage is low senescence will take place 2 . (ijpsr.com)

While developmental senescence and acute senescence may positively contribute to the fine-tuning of embryogenesis and injury repair, chronic senescence, when unresolved promptly, plays a crucial role in kidney fibrogenesis and CKD progression. (frontiersin.org)
Results and Discussion To study the impact and extent to which miRNA contributes to cell cycle progression in transformed phenotypes we here employed the p53-mutated human keratinocyte cell line (HACAT) and RNA interference (siRNA) techniques. (careersfromscience.org)
p53 arrests cells during G1 progression and G1/S transit by inducing the CDK-inhibitory protein p21CIP1 and microRNA cluster miR-34a. (careersfromscience.org)
To investigate whether the delayed cell cycle progression observed in Dicer1-depleted cells can be attributed to restored p21CIP1 function we. (careersfromscience.org)

Hayflick, L. The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. (nature.com)
We investigated the effects of various concentrations of Tan IIA (5-10 μ g/mL) on mouse keratinocytes and human HaCat cells in vitro to confirm this hypothesis. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, Hbp1 accumulates in cells lacking GID/CTLH activity, and Hbp1 physically interacts and is ubiquitinated in vitro by reconstituted GID/CTLH complexes. (elifesciences.org)
Comparative potency of obeticholic acid and natural bile acids on FXR in hepatic and intestinal in vitro cell models. (edu.iq)

regardless, cancer cells regulate their ROS levels rigorously as high levels may also be toxic to them. (5dok.net)
Aging is one of the key factors that regulate the function of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and related changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) plays an important role in cancer cells survival upon various conditions of intra- and extracellular stress. (aging-us.com)
The mouse cardiac function of cardiac angiogenesis was measured and cell survival of aged hBM-MSCs was investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
In vivo, transplantation of miR-10a-overexpressed aged hBM-MSCs promoted implanted stem cell survival and improved cardiac function after MI. (biomedcentral.com)
Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
In this study, INT 747 treatment caused apoptotic morphological changes and significantly reduced the survival of PC-3 cells incubated in normal mediums. (edu.iq)
Collectively, FXR activation alone markedly decreases, and when combined with FMD abrogates the survival and carcinogenic potential of metastatic prostate cancer cells. (edu.iq)

The diverse cell types are genetically identical, but differ in their form and function due to differences in gene expression. (edu.au)

Therefore, the protection of pancreatic β-cells is crucial for preventing the onset of type 1 diabetes. (spandidos-publications.com)

We identified the RASSF1 gene and showed that its protein served as a K-Ras apoptotic effector that was frequently down-regulated in primary tumors. (louisville.edu)

Certainly, aging predisposes cells to accumulate mutations, several of which are necessary before malignant transformation occurs, particularly in humans. (chewdigest.com)
Therefore, the authors concluded to a probable hyperplasic status in benign or malignant neoplasic cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)

Among these unconventional activities, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, termed ferroptosis, attracts great interest. (nature.com)
The successful strategy based on the activation of cell death in Ras-expressing cells is associated with the suppression of kinases involved in Ras pathway. (aging-us.com)
Cells continually experience stress and damage from exogenous and endogenous sources, and their responses range from complete recovery to cell death. (nature.com)
Alternatively, mitotic catastrophe may occur and cause cell death. (smpdb.ca)
The term anti-cell death is used extensively to describe the observed instances of death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)
Using relevant sources of literature, the paper delivers a systematic analysis of fascinating analogies between cell death and plant development with respect to the primary functions of cell death as stipulated in the introductory outline of the discussion. (essaywriter.org)
At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
There have been several attempts to analyze the concept of cell death in plants since the experimental demonstrations in studies conducted in the 1980s and the 1990s with the aim of dissecting the programmed nature of plant cell death (Xinqiang and Hong, pg 354). (essaywriter.org)
Since this discovery, the field of plant programmed cell death has continued to grow, with maturity depicted in studies aimed at distinguishing the roles of plant cell deaths in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
Cell death refers to a series of events that culminate in the organized and controlled destruction of the cell. (essaywriter.org)
In plants, cell death is a fundamental process, as it plays the roles of controlling the elimination of cells during plant development and defense in the form of hypersensitive response. (essaywriter.org)
The activation of cell death by plants is dependent on the decision by the plant cells based on information that these cells receive from different sources, such as the environment . (essaywriter.org)
However, C3G reduced the H2O2-induced cell death in the MIN6N pancreatic β-cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Interestingly, the combination treatment on PC-3 cells not only showed several lines of evidence of apoptotic cells death but also inhibited carcinogenic potential as evaluated by impairment of spheroid formation capacity and delayed wound healing and matrigel invasion. (edu.iq)

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors of childhood, arising from immature sympathetic nervous system cells. (biomedcentral.com)
NBs belong to the subgroup of small round blue cell tumors and can often pose a challenge to the pathologist because of their similarities with lymphomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, the Ewing family of tumors and desmoplastic round cell tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

Impaired insulin signalling was shared by neurovascular unit cells with, additionally, apoptotic pathway changes in astrocytes and dysregulation of advanced glycation end-product signalling in endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and lipid peroxidation was assayed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)

However, the activation of AMPK-dependent autophagy overcomes pro-apoptotic effects of MEK/ERK inhibitor and results in restoration of the mitochondria and rescue of viability. (aging-us.com)
Learn about cell viability assays. (abcam.com)
Analyses of the cell viability, cell cycle, migration, and matrigel invasion assays were performed to elucidate how INT 747 and /or FMD functions in prostate cancer. (edu.iq)
Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)

This rescue was independent of cell cycle traverse and also independent of SIRT1, SASP modulation or senolysis. (beds.ac.uk)

I am especially interested in the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in this process. (essex.ac.uk)

Although localized disease can be treated by surgery alone, the standard therapy for patients with metastatic disease usually comprises intensive induction chemotherapy, local surgery and myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant, external radiotherapy and retinoic acid treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell growth and colony formation as well as senescence induction were quantified after treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

Transcriptional activity is regulated by DNA binding transcription factors, but these typically act in more than one cell lineage activating different subsets of target genes in each. (edu.au)

Alternatively, it may exit the cell cycle without undergoing cell division, a process termed mitotic slippage or adaptation. (smpdb.ca)

A) HACAT cells were transiently transfected with Dicer1 siRNA (50 nM) or non-target control siRNA synchronized in serum-free medium for 48 h and harvested … Both p53 and miRNAs feed into the cyclin/CDK-driven cell cycle clock. (careersfromscience.org)

M2 is characterized by many 'uncapped' chromosome ends, end-fusions, chromosome breakage fusion-bridge cycles, mitotic catastrophe and a high fraction of apoptotic cells. (elsevierpure.com)

These observations corroborate and extend published data indicating that miRNAs are required for stem cells to bypass the G1/S checkpoint.1 Figure?1. (careersfromscience.org)

During the process, all cell duplication process, including mitosis, meiosis as well as DNA replication, will be paused. (wikipedia.org)
The permanent cell cycle withdrawal is mainly done by the wearing off of DNA sequences during S Phase, the second stage during a DNA replication progress. (wikipedia.org)

Cell cycle distribution and phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX as a surrogate marker for DNA damage was quantified by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

We are currently investigating the function of chromatin modifiers during embryonic development, in adult stem cell populations and in cancer, and modelling chromatin-based intellectual disability to discover ameliorating treatments. (edu.au)

In some cells, such as germ cells, stem cells and white blood cells, the withdrawal process do not occur. (wikipedia.org)
Previous studies proved that bone marrow (BM) stem cells play an important role in improving heart function and delaying cardiac remodeling [ 1 , 2 ] after ischemic damage through reducing fibrosis and increasing angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
We have shown that MOZ/MYST3 is essential for the development of haematopoietic stem cells and that QKF/MYST4 has a critical role in neural stem cells and in brain development. (edu.au)

Their cell lineage-specific effects are governed by chromatin structure. (edu.au)

The process also enables cells to proceed to senescence, which are further stages of cell life and growth. (wikipedia.org)
This is to ensure that these cells continue dividing for body growth or reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
The stoppage of exponential growth in cells also avoids cell growth diseases, such as tumours or cancer, from occurring in organism bodies. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, cancerous cells are characterized by an enhanced rate of growth, loss of function and the potential to invade healthy tissue. (5dok.net)
Prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment for 48 h prior to cisplatin treatment maximally delayed long-term cell growth and significantly reduced the number of recovering clones. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
however, AREG has dual functions as a cell growth inhibitor as well as a cell growth proliferator. (samplefellow.com)

Efflux pumps are capable of moving a variety of different toxic compounds out of cells, such as antibiotics, heavy metals, organic pollutants, plant-produced compounds, quorum sensing signals, bacterial metabolites and neurotransmitters via active efflux, which is vital part for xenobiotic metabolism. (chewdigest.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms10

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Apoptosis40

Cellular42

Replicative6

Proliferation9

Anti-apoptotic5

Senescent cells22

Phenotype5

Oxidative stress3

Proteins11

Arrest7

Pathways8

Shown to accumulate with age1

Inhibition2

Differentiation5

Tumor suppression1

Telomeres3

Mechanisms6

Inhibitors5

Stimuli1

Squamous cell carc4

Regulation4

Oncogene activation1

Undergo2

Depletion1

Inflammatory2

Mechanism4

Premature1

Progression4

Vitro4

Regulate3

Survival6

Gene expression1

Onset1

Protein1

Malignant2

Death17

Tumors2

Pathway1

Assay1

Viability4

SASP1

Mesenchymal stem1

Induction2

Transcriptional1

Process termed1

Cyclin1

Mitotic catastrophe1

MiRNAs1

Replication2

Phosphorylation1

Adult stem1

Stem cells3

Chromatin1

Growth8

Signals1