Apoptotic cell death induced protected from chemotherapy induced. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
Gain of function and loss of function experiments showed that PDCD4 induced turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) of HUVECs. (plos.org)
Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
PDCD4 induces turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) of HUVECs. (plos.org)
Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
Knockdown of CASP5 greatly inhibited GBM proliferation and resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest along with higher apoptosis ratios in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression led to the opposite phenomenon. (cancerindex.org)
Ras proteins are membrane-bound small GTPases that act as molecular transducers, coupling cell surface receptors to intracellular effector pathways to regulate cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
For apoptotic inducing activity, human osteogenic sarcoma (HOS) cell proliferation, chromosomal DNA degradation and changes in apoptosis-related protein levels were measured. (nutrimedical.com)
Ellagic acid significantly reduced HOS cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis evidenced by chromosomal DNA degradation and apoptotic body appearance. (nutrimedical.com)
Recent studies propose that blocking the p53-MDM2 interaction may be effective in cancer treatment while the Sin3A mutation enhances cell proliferation in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. (natprobiotech.com)
Our findings suggest that docetaxel directs the MCF-7 breast cancer cells to apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and may thus further regulate the interaction of tumor suppressor p53 expression, protecting it from MDM2-mediated degradation and inhibiting Sin3A-mediated cell proliferation in compliance with the apoptotic cell density. (natprobiotech.com)
During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
In addition, cell proliferation and angiogenesis will be stimulated, enabling better oxygenation of the tissue. (bmj.com)
H2 has been shown to reduce the excessive expressions of MMP genes (MMP proteins are involved in multiple functions in cells, including cell proliferation, cartilage synthesis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, etc). (h2hubb.com)
Pomegranate juice and extract, inhibit the proliferation of various prostate cancercell linesin vitro and induce apoptoticcell death in a dose-dependent manner. (superfoods-scientific-research.com)
In the lab, pomegranate juice inhibited the proliferation and increased programmed cell death of human colon cancer cells. (superfoods-scientific-research.com)
For example, a subset of astrocytoma cells with ultra-long, thin, and highly dynamic membrane protrusions named tumor microtubes are able to extend in the surrounding tissue for tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and connection between tumor cells ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
At the same time, a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic glioma stem cells (GSCs) with high plasticity and self-renewal properties contribute to tumor malignancy through their sustained proliferation, invasion, stimulation of angiogenesis, suppression of anti-tumor immune responses and chemo-resistance ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
A stem cell, which has acquired mutations that promote its proliferation and survival, may give rise to a tumor. (oasisofhope.com)
I mean, just check out the title given to one of the key studies on curcumin and myeloma (=published in "Blood" in 2003): "Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) down-regulates the constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kB and IkBa kinase in human multiple myeloma cells, leading to suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. (healthblogs.org)
However, potentially erroneous characterization of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation can arise if verification of baseline interaction of test article with method employed is neglected. (cdc.gov)
Non-tumorigenic Beas-2B cells were treated with graded concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 24 and 48h prior to cytotoxicity and proliferation assessment with commonly used MTT, MTS, WST1, and Alamar Blue assays. (cdc.gov)

It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a molecular chaperone which acts as an anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant. (edu.hk)
Molecular hydrogen in numerous studies has demonstrated an anti-apoptotic effect in health or injured cells. (h2hubb.com)

Cancer cells are constantly using a variety of tools, involving genes, proteins, and altered pathways, to ensure their survival against antineoplastic drugs. (wikipedia.org)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
The importance of these pathways in cancer prevention is illustrated by the fact that individuals who inherit mutations in any one of the many genes that participate in these stress-induced signal transduction pathways have a very high incidence of cancer. (the-scientist.com)
Although these cellular-suicide mechanisms may protect the organism in some physiologic settings, such as by preventing cancer, the double-edged sword is that these same DNA-damage response pathways that help prevent cancer can also contribute to debilitating disease processes. (the-scientist.com)
Guide to Signal Pathways in Immune Cells. (iiarjournals.org)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), the pivotal commitment point to cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. (nature.com)
Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. (nature.com)
For instance, mtDNA and bacterial DNA are highly similar thereby activating similar cell autonomous immune signalling pathways. (nature.com)
It inhibits an enzyme and other signalling pathways involved in inducing genetic changes (DNA transcription) in the skin cells. (idiotzworld.com)
Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. (nature.com)
Molecular hydrogen appears to stimulate cellular death pathways in cancerous cells. (h2hubb.com)
Treatment with both H2 waters (HHW and NHW) increased the expression of p-AMPK, AIF and Caspase 3 (cell apoptosis pathways) in colon 26 cells. (h2hubb.com)
The levels of pAkt and pGSK3β (cell survival pathways), mainly expressed in neurons, were markedly up-regulated. (h2hubb.com)

Taken collectively our results highly claim that FLLL12 induces apoptosis of lung tumor cell lines by post-transcriptional rules of DR5 through activation of proteins tyrosine phosphatase(s). research. (biobender.com)
Calcium is considered as an allosteric effector of proteins and changes protein organisation and activity of the cell. (phdify.com)
C1QBP significantly increased ROS level, apoptosis, and the expression of apoptotic proteins such as cleaved caspase-3 and bax/bcl2 via regulating XDH. (medsci.org)
C-2 exhibits cytotoxic effect on bladder cancer cells, and JNK activated by C-2 triggers autophagy and up-regulates SQSTM1/p62 proteins, contributing to activation of Nrf2 pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Utilization of JNK inhibitor SP600125 or knockdown of JNK by siRNA potentiate the cytotoxicity of C-2 through down-regulation of p62 and LC3II proteins and up-regulation of active-Caspase3 proteins, enhance the cell death effect, facilitating the switch from autophagy to apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
d Active-casepase 3, PARP and CF-PARP proteins expression were detected by western blotting at a dose- and time- dependent manner in BIU87 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
PDT cytotoxic properties have been established to be due to the oxidation of a large range of biomolecules in cells, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, leading to severe alteration in cell signaling cascades or in gene expression regulation [ 13 , 14 ] . (oaepublish.com)
Some of these "oncogenic" (cancer-causing mutations) boost the intensity of growth signals that cause the cell to multiply, or disable key proteins that restrain these growth signals. (oasisofhope.com)

Characteristics of resistant cells include altered membrane transport, enhanced DNA repair, apoptotic pathway defects, alteration of target molecules, protein and pathway mechanisms, such as enzymatic deactivation. (wikipedia.org)
Ablation of the expression of the components of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (DR5 caspase-8 and Bid) by siRNA significantly protected cells from FLLL12-induced apoptosis (p (biobender.com)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
KEGG pathway term mTOR signaling pathway is observed to be meliorated in this tricluster and has been reported to be associated Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries with estrogen induced breast cancer cell. (ampk-signal.com)
Pulsatile shear stress induces ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of PDCD4 via a PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs. (plos.org)
We examined the effect on megakaryocytes of three agents that activate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in other cell types: etoposide, staurosporine, and the BH3 mimetic ABT-737. (medhelp.org)
The DNA- damage response gene, p53 , is an important mediator of this cell-death pathway. (the-scientist.com)
However, BF + GCV only induced apoptosis via Fas/FasL signal pathway accompanied with increased P53 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
C-2 significantly reduced the viabilities of human bladder cancer cells and induced apoptosis associated with the mitochondrial pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
We propose a model where caspase-2 regulates the cell cycle and protects DNA replication forks to prevent DNA damage accrual in a pathway distinct from its apoptotic role. (nature.com)
If caspase-2 regulates cell division through the same pathway, it would be expected to phenocopy the cell cycle results of caspase-2 null cells. (nature.com)
While other groups have demonstrated non-apoptotic roles for caspase-2 in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest [2], this is the first demonstration that these roles are regulated by a distinct pathway to apoptosis. (nature.com)
Increased sub-G1 population and annexin-V binding, activation of caspases 9 and 3, cleavage of poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP), and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) indicated involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in terpinen-4-ol-treated A549 and CL1-0 cells. (hindawi.com)
Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway in NSCLC cells and that the apoptosis elicited by terpinen-4-ol was p53 dependent. (hindawi.com)
Thus, TPZ cytotoxicity for neuroblastoma cell lines in hypoxia occurred via a p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway that caused induction of p53 and p21, ΔΨ m decrease, GSH depletion, and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)

In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Proven by the use of apoptosis-resistant cellular models and autophagic assays, such isoquinoline alkaloid-induced cytotoxic effect involves energy- and autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7)-dependent autophagy that resulted from direct activation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). (oncotarget.com)
During cellular starvation, AMPK induces autophagy by phosphorylating Ulk1, the mammalian counterpart of ATG1, at Ser 317 and 777 [ 3 , 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Mitochondrial porin , also known as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is a multi-functional channel protein that shuttles metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions. (sdbonline.org)
Discussion Pretreatment with honey protect testis against chemotherapy and testicular IR injury, increase FSH and LH and testosterone and decrease the cellular damage and apoptosis. (greenmedinfo.com)
For optimal responses, DNA repair must coordinate with other cellular processes, such as cell-cycle progression and programmed cell death. (the-scientist.com)
3 Such cellular-suicide mechanisms can eliminate cells that could present problems for the whole organism because of alterations in the DNA or difficulties in dealing with stressful stimuli. (the-scientist.com)
For example, neuronal cell death after stroke or in several neurodegenerative disorders likely occurs via programmed cell death responding to cellular stress signals. (the-scientist.com)
Although there is no particular quantitative assay to provide MSCs identification in mixed cells population [ 8 ], the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has provided minimum principles to determine MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
All bacteria, cellular remains, debris and other foreign media are engulfed and digested by the white blood cells. (phdify.com)
According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
In this study, the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for it were evaluated and studied, respectively on human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. (hindawi.com)
Mutations can also arise when DNA is mis-copied or inappropriately distributed during cellular replication - which is one reason why cancers are most prone to spring up from tissues in which cells have been dividing rapidly. (oasisofhope.com)
Tumors develop when this balance is disrupted by mutations that either boost the rate of cellular multiplication, or that protect the aberrant cell from appropriate programmed death. (oasisofhope.com)
This is actually a normal cellular process: cells are born, live for a while, do what they are supposed to do, then begin shrinking and eventually break up into fragments and die. (healthblogs.org)

Overexpression of the active form of this enzyme induces apoptosis in fibroblasts. (cancerindex.org)
In occasional cells, this crossing over may lead to increased 12p copy number and overexpression of cyclin D2. (medscape.com)
C1QBP knockdown and overexpression cells were established via lentiviral infection and subjected to apoptosis and ROS assay in vitro . (medsci.org)
In contrast, while caspase-2-deficiency led to an increased proportion of S-phase cells and a progressive decrease in the proportion of G1-phase cells following treatment with arresting concentrations of the DNA damaging agent camptothecin and increased DNA damage following S-phase arrest, overexpression of Bcl-X L did not change the cell cycle profiles or the amount of DNA damage. (nature.com)

The release of this excess Calcium in the intracellular environment seems to generate many toxic chemicals within the cell environment and also induces harmful enzymes to activate the degradation and degeneration of cell structures and molecules. (phdify.com)
In normal cells, mdm2 availability is controlled by ARF, the product of the p14ARF gene located on INK4a/ARF locus, which binds with mdm2 and induces its degradation. (medscape.com)

Moreover, immunohistochemical experiments showed that DOEO remarkably increased the protein levels of NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduced the expression of apoptotic caspases, including caspase 3 and caspase 9. (wjtcm.net)

Although PDCD4 in general suppresses the development and progression of tumors, its specific biological functions differ by cell type [8] . (plos.org)
Extragonadal germinal cell tumors (EGGCTs) are rare tumors that predominantly affect young males. (medscape.com)
The only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, which are characterized by their location on the midline from the pineal gland to the coccyx. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] In extragonadal germ cell tumors, no evidence of a primary malignancy is present in either the testes or ovaries by radiologic imaging or physical examination. (medscape.com)
Controversy remains regarding the origin of extragonadal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
The classic theory suggests that germ cell tumors (GCTs) in these areas are derived from local transformation of primordial germ cells misplaced during embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
Some retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumors may represent metastases from a testicular cancer , with subsequent spontaneous necrosis of the primary tumor. (medscape.com)
When expressed in tumors, TK converts the non-toxic precursor GCV into GCV- 3-phosphate, a toxic substance that kills tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite its pro-apoptotic role, caspase-2-deficient tumors have comparable basal apoptosis levels to wild-type tumors [3, 4]. (nature.com)
However, co-culture in vitro experiments and co-implantation in vivo experiments showed that the combination of low doses of cisplatin (10 μM) and low doses of pirfenidone (0.5 mg/mL), in both CAFs and tumors, lead to increased cell death and decreased tumor progression, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Researches also show reduced blood supply to tumors which prevents cancer cells from obtaining nutrients. (superfoods-scientific-research.com)
Pomegranate extract reduced the number and size of experimentally induced colon tumors in animal subjects. (superfoods-scientific-research.com)
In benign tumors, the cells have not gained the capacity to spread through healthy tissues and establish new distant colonies (metastases). (oasisofhope.com)
Literature suggests that the only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Extragonadal germ cell tumors produce a rich symptomatology and may reach large volumes if they arise in silent areas. (medscape.com)
Hematologic malignancies are frequently associated with mediastinal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Highly differentiated yolk-sac tumors make up 30% of mediastinal germ cell tumors, providing a possible basis for this association. (medscape.com)
The balance of the p53-mdm2 interaction has been shown to be disrupted in intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs). (medscape.com)
5] Mutation of ARF, reported in 71% of intracranial germ cell tumors, results in mdm2 accumulation and functional impairment of p53. (medscape.com)
This abnormality was reported in 90% of seminomatous and 55% of nonseminomatous intracranial germ cell tumors (NS-ICGCTs) examined. (medscape.com)
Extra-gonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs) represent 5-10% of all germ cell tumor (GCTs). (medscape.com)

It reveals a series of molecular mechanisms about SP600125 potentiate the cytotoxicity and tumor inhibition of C-2 in bladder cancer cells through promoting C-2-induced apoptosis, expecting it provides research basis and theoretical support for new drugs development. (biomedcentral.com)
Our previous study reported that a new series of Jaspine B derivatives were designed and synthesized, among them, compound 7f was discovered as an autophagy inducer is associated with the up-regulation of LC3 and Beclin-1, and showed the best overall cytotoxicity on PC-3 cells [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
And in that article, another compound 7 g (Fig. 1 a, Fig. 2 ) also has significant cytotoxicity and could induce cell autophagy, due to the efficiency of Jaspine B derivatives was investigated in bladder cancer cells rarely, and the specific autophagy effect of compound 7f in PC3 cells had not been investigated deeply. (biomedcentral.com)
We determined in six neuroblastoma cell lines the cytotoxicity of TPZ using DIMSCAN, a digital imaging fluorescence assay, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ) by flow cytometry, and protein expression by immunoblotting. (aacrjournals.org)

Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
Apoptotic signaling is initiated either through extrinsic or intrinsic stimulation, resulting in the activation of caspases [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
At 50 μg mL -1 , the extract had potently induced apoptotic cell death of HCT-116 colon cancer cell line by inducing caspases 3 and 7 activity. (scialert.net)

Cancer cell heterogeneity, or tumour heterogeneity, is the idea that tumours are made up of different populations of cancer cells that are morphologically, phenotypically and functionally different. (wikipedia.org)
Antineoplastic drugs kill susceptible sub-populations and the tumour mass may shrink as an initial response to the drug, resistant cancer cells will survive treatment, be selected and then propagate, eventually causing a cancer relapse. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Cancer cell heterogeneity can cause disease progression when molecularly targeted therapy, fails to kill those tumor cells which do not express the marker, then divide and mutate further, creating a new heterogeneous tumour. (wikipedia.org)
Resveratrol enhances the cytotoxic profile of docetaxel and doxorubicin in solid tumour cell lines in vitro. (natprobiotech.com)
Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
Apoptotic caspase activity inhibits cell death-associated inflammation. (nature.com)
Turmeric inhibits angiogenesis (growth of blood vessels that feed cancer cells) and reduces inflammation which may lead to tissue irritation and cell changes. (idiotzworld.com)

Current treatment consists of maximal safe resection when possible, followed by combination of radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy (TMZ). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
The standard of care therapy for GBM consists in surgical resection of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant plus concomitant chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ) (Stupp protocol) ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

29% of melanomas are driven by mutations in N-Ras, while H-Ras mutations appears mutated in 5% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and 6% of bladder cancers [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)

In breast cancer models of the mouse the immune microenvironment affects susceptibility to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
In our study, we have investigated the effectiveness of a combination of cisplatin with scriptaid [a pan-Histone Deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi)] in a model that mimics the tumor microenvironment of hypoxia and sub-lethal chemotherapy. (oncotarget.com)
Standard of care for glioblastoma (GB), consisting of cytotoxic chemotherapy, steroids, and high-dose radiation, induces changes in the tumor microenvironment through its effects on glucose availability, which is a determinant for tumor progression (TP). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
The tumor microenvironment or tumor stroma comprises various cell types, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Secondly, the central nervous system (CNS) has a unique microenvironment and is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the access of systemically delivered drugs to the brain reducing the therapeutic options available for GBM. (frontiersin.org)
These drawbacks may be explained, at least in part, by the various phenotypes and histological characteristics of tumor liver cells and its microenvironment [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

In conclusion, isoquinoline alkaloid is a new class of compound that induce autophagic cell death in drug-resistant fibroblasts or cancers by exhibiting its direct activation on AMPK. (oncotarget.com)

To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)

Cell death takes place due to either of the two distinct phenomena - necrosis and apoptosis. (phdify.com)
Necrosis is death by accidental and unexpected cell damage and several physical damaging events can cause necrosis like exposure to toxins, excessive heat, trauma, radiation effects, lack of oxygen and a block in the normal flow of blood (Jacobson et al, 2002). (phdify.com)
Necrosis type of damage disrupts the cell organisation and contents and causes faster cell death than most other methods. (phdify.com)
Traditionally, cell death has been divided into apoptosis and necrosis. (nature.com)
Recent studies have shown that in addition to necrosis and apoptosis, there are also other new programmed death modes, such as autophagy, necrosis and necrotic apoptosis, which have unique biological processes and pathophysiological characteristics. (nature.com)
It does not have the morphological characteristics of typical necrosis, such as swelling of the cytoplasm and organelles and rupture of the cell membrane, nor does it have the characteristics of traditional cell apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies and disintegration of the cytoskeleton. (nature.com)
Diminution of p53 by RNA interference induced necrosis instead of apoptosis in A549 cells following terpinen-4-ol treatment, indicating that terpinen-4-ol-elicited apoptosis is p53-dependent. (hindawi.com)

As cell death proceeds, necrotic cells swell and holes and gaps begin to be seen on the plasma membrane. (phdify.com)
Recent reports have indicated that terpinen-4-ol exerts its antitumor effects by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells or by inducing necrotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest in mouse mesothelioma and melanoma cell lines without affecting normal cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)

Certain populations of cancer cells may possess inherent characteristics, such as genetic mutations and/or epigenetic changes, that confer drug resistance. (wikipedia.org)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Studies have shown that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) accelerates tumor growth, and also induces mutations or produces cytotoxic effects concurrently. (medsci.org)
3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
Throughout life, the human body accumulates mutations in the genetic material of its stem cells - cells that retain the capacity to divide. (oasisofhope.com)
Most of these mutations are either innocuous, having no significant impact on the behavior or survival of the cell, or are deleterious to the cell, dooming it to an early death. (oasisofhope.com)
Some mutations, often observed during the early evolution of cancers, increase the propensity of cells to accumulate further mutations. (oasisofhope.com)
Fortunately, a high proportion of stem cells that have acquired potentially oncogenic mutations die off before they can do any harm. (oasisofhope.com)
That is because many mutations that boost growth signals are somehow "sensed" by the cell as abnormal, inducing the cell to commit suicide. (oasisofhope.com)
Sometimes, pre-cancerous cells manage to survive long enough to acquire additional mutations that render them less susceptible to apoptosis or that shield them from attack by natural killer cells. (oasisofhope.com)

Drug resistance hinder most cancer chemotherapies and leads to disease recurrence and poor survival of patients. (oncotarget.com)
Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
The directed expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons, via aDdc-Gal4 transgene, resulted in flies with increased climbing ability and enhanced survival, while the inhibition of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons reduced climbing ability over time prematurely, similar to the phenotype observed in the alpha-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD. (sdbonline.org)
Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
However, natural MSCs in vivo survival and their biological effects on tissue recovery decrease with long-term cultivation called aging and also injected cells demonstrate poor targeted migration [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

assays (annexin V staining cleavage of PARP and caspase-3) suggest that FLLL12 is 5-10-fold more potent than curcumin against a panel of premalignant and malignant lung cancer cell lines depending on the cell line. (biobender.com)
Annexin V-phycoerythrin staining for apoptosis Lung tumor cells had been treated with different concentrations of FLLL12 and curcumin for the indicated period after that trypsinized and cleaned in cool 1× PBS. (biobender.com)
I have received many messages from excited blog readers and MM list friends sending me links to different news reports on a recent study showing that curcumin kills esophageal cancer cells. (healthblogs.org)
All of these studies show that curcumin kills different types of cancer cells …not just esophageal, but also myeloma, prostate (etc. etc. etc.) cells. (healthblogs.org)
The problem, of course, is how best to deliver an irresistible but lethal package of curcumin right to the doorstep of our cancer cells. (healthblogs.org)
Curcumin induces apoptosis-independent death in oesophageal cancer cells. (healthblogs.org)

Here, the role of a new autophagy inducer Jaspine B derivative C-2 in suppressing bladder cancer cells was researched in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

In 2012, Dixon 1 first proposed the concept of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic mode of cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). (nature.com)

Abstract: CONTEXT: Effects of a radioprotective, standardized leaf extract (code SBL-1) from traditional medicinal plant, sea buckthorn [Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae)], on neurotransmitters and brain injuries in rats showing radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA), are not known. (greenmedinfo.com)
PMID: 29791311 Abstract Title: Protective effects of persian honey, Apis Mellifera Meda Skorikov on side effects of chemotherapy and ischemia/reperfusion induced testicular injury. (greenmedinfo.com)
Abstract: Introduction The aim of the present study was to survey the protective effect of pretreatment with Persian honey on amelioration of side effects of chemotherapy and ischemia/reperfusion induced testicular injury. (greenmedinfo.com)
Validation of a Novel Bioluminescent Mouse Model of Sezary Syndrome for Preclinical Drug Screening Poster Abstract 2725: Sunday, December 11, 2011, 6:00PMAuthors: Salvia Jain, MD and Owen A. O'Connor, MD, PhD, NYU Cancer InstituteSezary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive leukemic form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and is generally considered incurable. (skincaremanual.org)

Furthermore, the migration and invasion ability of GBM cells were significantly decreased after CASP5 down-regulation, while increased migration and invasion can be observed after CASP5 up-regulation. (cancerindex.org)
But, apoptotic cells in IR and B groups significantly increased (p<0.001), while in HIR and BH groups, the number of apoptotic cells decreased and the positive cells of TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-X nick end labelling) staining were detected in spermatocytes and spermatid. (greenmedinfo.com)
SOD, CAT and GPX activities were significantly increased in ellagic acid-treated V79-4 cells. (nutrimedical.com)
Caspase-2-deficient cells show a significantly higher percentage of S-phase-associated chromosomal aberrations. (nature.com)
Furthermore, treatment of s.c xenografts derived from A549 cells with intratumor injections of terpinen-4-ol significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control group. (hindawi.com)
HS (hydrogen-rich saline) significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis (cell death) and improved neurological function at 24 hours after SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage). (h2hubb.com)

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the urinary system, causing over 140,000 deaths worldwide each year[ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
Pralatrexate (PDX, 10-propargyl 10-deazaaminopterin) is a folate analogue that was rationally designed to have high affinity for Reduced Folate Carrier (RFC)-1, an oncofetal protein expressed in many cancers that actively transports folates into cells. (skincaremanual.org)
Among lung cancers, nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) account for approximately 80% of lung cancer cases [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Pre-cancerous cells - as well as fully evolved cancers - tend to be very genetically labile. (oasisofhope.com)
Such cells are prone to give rise to full-blown cancers, which may be relatively difficult to kill with chemotherapy or radiation. (oasisofhope.com)

Addition of scriptaid also overcomes the cisplatin resistance exhibited in lung cancer cells with stabilized hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1)-α (mutant) and mutant p53. (oncotarget.com)
Molecular studies showed that the combination treatment increased apoptotic cell death in both normoxia and hypoxia with a dual role of p38MAPK. (oncotarget.com)
Together, our results suggest that the combination of low dose cisplatin and scriptaid is cytotoxic to NSCLC lines, can overcome hypoxia induced resistance and mutant p53- induced instability often associated with this cancer, and has the potential to be an effective therapeutic modality. (oncotarget.com)
Apoptosis can be induced in response to hypoxia. (bmj.com)
The severity of hypoxia determines whether cells become apoptotic or adapt to hypoxia and survive. (bmj.com)
Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
Mammalian cells have developed a range of adaptations to survive acute and even prolonged hypoxia. (bmj.com)
Hypoxia reduces the ability of a cell to maintain its energy level, because less ATP will be obtained from glycolysis than from oxidative phosphorylation. (bmj.com)
2 In addition, hypoxia induces genetic instability by the induction of fragile sites causing gene amplification. (bmj.com)
7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
Bioreductive agents, such as Tirapazamine (TPZ), are preferentially cytotoxic in hypoxia and show activity against a variety of tumor cell lines ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Biology of Stem Cells and the Molecular Basis of the Stem State. (iiarjournals.org)
Traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have limited effect in RCC, and molecular biomarkers are more targetable to guide treatment decisions. (medsci.org)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
How to intervene in the occurrence and development of related diseases by regulating cell ferroptosis has become a hotspot and focus of etiological research and treatment, but the functional changes and specific molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis still need to be further explored. (nature.com)
Collectively, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpinen-4-ol-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, rendering this compound a potential anticancer drug for NSCLC. (hindawi.com)
First, molecular hydrogen caused growth inhibition of human tongue carcinoma cells HSC-4 (cancerous) and human fibrosarcoma cells HT-1080 (cancerous) but did not compromise growth of normal human tongue epithelial-like cells DOK [ 14 ]. (h2hubb.com)

Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL. (natprobiotech.com)
A549 xenografts by inducing apoptosis, as confirmed by TUNEL assay. (hindawi.com)

There are two general causes of antineoplastic therapy failure: Inherent genetic characteristics, giving cancer cells their resistance and acquired resistance after drug exposure, which is rooted in the concept of cancer cell heterogeneity. (wikipedia.org)
Malignant transformation of germ cells is the result of a multistep process of genetic changes. (medscape.com)
In other words, their genetic material mutates faster than that of most healthy cells. (oasisofhope.com)

Study participants who did not drink the juice, meanwhile, had evidence of more stress-induced ischemia. (superfoods-scientific-research.com)

In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
Thus, we must rely on the elegant mechanisms our cells have developed to repair damage. (the-scientist.com)
Single-strand breaks are easily fixed, but double-strand breaks require the complex mechanisms of nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination, the latter only being useful in late S, G 2 or M phases of the cell cycle, when homologous chromosomes are present in the cell. (the-scientist.com)
Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
The underlying mechanisms and anticancer effect of C-2 in bladder cancer cells were investigated by MTT, western blotting, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. (biomedcentral.com)
These non-apoptotic mechanisms may underlie the role of caspase-2 as a tumor suppressor. (nature.com)
We covered topics going from the photochemical mechanisms involved, the different cell death mechanisms being triggered by a myriad of photosensitizers up to the more recent-on-going clinical trials. (oaepublish.com)
Fortunately, cells have mechanisms for repairing damaged DNA - but these mechanisms are less than perfect, so that permanent alterations of DNA structure are progressively acquired by stem cells. (oasisofhope.com)
In this study, we investigated programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) as a potential biomarker for CAF-induced chemoresistance and evaluated its role and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)

The cell carrying this abnormality is relatively protected against apoptotic death because of the oncogenic effect of CCND2, leading to re-initiation of cell cycle and genomic instability. (medscape.com)
This leads to dynamic instability of microtubule and results in cancer cell death. (edu.hk)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), comprising 85% of lung cancer cases, has been associated with resistance to chemo/radiotherapy. (oncotarget.com)
Therefore, in this study, the anticancer effects of terpinen-4-ol were evaluated on two NSCLC cell lines, namely, A549 and CL1-0 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. (hindawi.com)
The effects of pirfenidone alone and in combination with cisplatin on human patient-derived CAF cell lines and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were examined. (biomedcentral.com)
Role of PDL-1 in NSCLC chemoresistance was assessed using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown and various functional assays including MTT, cell invasion, sphere formation, and cell apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
RESULTS: We demonstrated that chemotherapy-stimulated CAFs promoted tumorigenic and stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells, which contribute to their chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSION: Our results show that PDL-1-positive CAFs modulate stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells by secreting elevated HGF, thereby promoting chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
Our finding supports PDL-1 in CAFs as a chemotherapy response biomarker and as a drug delivery and therapeutic target for chemoresistant NSCLC. (cdc.gov)

a The expression levels of C-2-induced autophagy related protein Beclin-1, LC3, p62, ATG3, ATG5 and ATG7 were detected by western blotting in BIU87 and EJ cells at the indicated concentrations or treated with 4 μM of C-2 at the indicated time points. (biomedcentral.com)
b The expression levels of C-2-induced autophagy related protein Beclin-1, p62 and LC3 were detected by western blotting in EJ cells at the indicated concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)

In cancer cells, where normal regulation of gene expression breaks down, the oncogenes are activated via hypomethylation and tumor suppressors are silenced via hypermethylation. (wikipedia.org)
CONCLUSION: Ellagic acid exhibited both antioxidant activity in V79-4 cells and apoptosis-inducing activity in HOS cells through the up-regulation of Bax and activation of caspase-3. (nutrimedical.com)

Endometrium-derived epithelial cells (Ishikawa) showed no response to the natural compound by using a cell viability assay (MTT). (nutrimedical.com)
b The effect of C-2 in reducing cell viabilities of bladder cancer cells (BIU87, EJ and 5637) measured by MTT assay. (biomedcentral.com)

Renal Cell Carcinoma. (iiarjournals.org)
However, the role of C1QBP in metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells have not yet been explored. (medsci.org)
E6 and Metabolic syndrome and risks of colon and rectal renal cell carcinoma. (who.int)

The juice appeared to suppress the growth of cancer cells and the increase in cancer cell death in laboratory experiments, according to research from UCLA. (superfoods-scientific-research.com)

We show that caspase-2 protects cells from a range of S-phase-related defects, including delayed exit from S-phase, increased stalled replication forks, increased new replication origins, and decreased repair of S-phase-associated chromosomal aberrations [6]. (nature.com)
Consistent with our evidence that caspase-2 regulates a replication checkpoint, the chromosomal aberrations detected in caspase-2-deficient cells are not repaired before metaphase. (nature.com)

Honey can decrease the side effects of chemotherapy on reproductive system and prevent sterility. (greenmedinfo.com)
However, we found some cancer cells induced cell death after glucose deprivation along with a decrease of ATP production. (mdpi.com)
We investigated the different response of glucose deprivation with two types of cancer cells including glucose insensitive cancer cells (GIC) which do not change ATP levels, and glucose sensitive cancer cells (GSC) which decrease ATP production in 24 h. (mdpi.com)
These findings demonstrate that hydrogen-rich saline could decrease DOX-induced cell apoptosis. (h2hubb.com)

In summary, our data suggest that Hsp27 could be a potential therapeutic target for chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy. (edu.hk)

In response to cytokinesis failure, caspase-2-mediated cleavage of MDM2 stabilizes p53, leading to p21-induced G1 arrest [5]. (nature.com)

Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
All somatic eukaryotic cells arrest progression through the cell cycle when their DNA is damaged, presumably because optimal repair of the damage would be a mechanistic challenge if the cell continued to replicate DNA or segregate chromosomes. (the-scientist.com)
We successfully developed a bioluminescent xenograft mouse model for SS to noninvasively monitor tumor cell engraftment and progression and to measure the effects of treatments on tumor burden. (skincaremanual.org)
Some research show that chemicals in pomegranate juice might slow the progression of atherosclerosis and possibly fight cancer cells. (superfoods-scientific-research.com)
When safe and gross cytoreduction is achieved, residual infiltrating GBM cells undetectable by advanced imaging techniques still remain in the peritumoral area leading to disease progression and inevitable patient's death ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

Cells will adapt by activating the expression of genes involved in metabolic adaptation, such as those involved in glycolysis. (bmj.com)
It has been shown that cancerous cells have a higher expression of MMP genes leading to tumor invasion and tumor angiogenesis. (h2hubb.com)

Upon V0-V1 binding, V-ATPase recruits ATG16L1, via K490, during LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), STING- and drug-induced CASM, indicating a common mechanism. (babraham.ac.uk)
As well as the enzyme complexes directly responsible for LC3 lipidation in all contexts, we show the RALGAP complex is important for M2-induced, but not ionophore drug-induced, LC3 lipidation. (babraham.ac.uk)

Immunoprecipitation revealed that pulsatile shear stress induced the coupling of ubiquitin with PDCD4 expression. (plos.org)
Atherosclerosis plaques preferentially develop at arterial branches and curvatures under low and oscillatory or even static shear stress induced by disturbed blood flow as opposed to in straight parts, featuring protective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress [14] , [15] . (plos.org)

BF-rTK + GCV induced tumor apoptosis mediated by FasL and TNFR2 through the mitochondrial control of apoptosis via Bid and Bim without inducing necroptosis and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)

PDX induced dose-dependent apoptotic cell death in a subset of human myeloma cell lines (HMCL) and CD138+ MM cells isolated from a clinical specimen. (skincaremanual.org)
The extract also showed a dose dependent growth inhibition of all tested cell lines, IC 50 values against HCT-116, HUVEC, CCD-18CO and HT-29 were 14, 23, 50 and 52 μg mL -1 , respectively. (scialert.net)

Also, following transplantation and migration to target tissue, they encounter a harsh milieu accompanied by death signals because of the lack of proper tensegrity structure between the cells and matrix. (biomedcentral.com)
As son as these breakdown products are released into the intracellular environment, the neighbouring tissues and cells pick up signals of tissue damage and react to defend themselves from the process. (phdify.com)
However, the ability of HPV-infected cells to resist apoptotic signals renders such therapies ineffective. (mdpi.com)

Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
Sensitivity to PDX-induced apoptosis correlated with higher relative levels of RFC-1 mRNA in sensitive compared to resistant HMCL. (skincaremanual.org)

Activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured in ellagic acid-treated V79-4 cells. (nutrimedical.com)
In addition, ERW induces apoptosis together with glutathione in human leukemia HL60 cells (Tsai et al. (h2hubb.com)
Significant ΔΨ m loss and glutathione (GSH) depletion in response to TPZ was observed in p53-functional cell lines (SMS-SAN, SMS-SAN EV, and CHLA-15) but not in p53-nonfunctional cell lines (SMS-SAN E6 and CHLA-90). (aacrjournals.org)

In accordance with its tumor suppressor role, the Retinoblastoma protein pRb can ensure pro-apoptotic functions. (sdbonline.org)
We recently found low level of tumor suppressor programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) associated with reduced atherosclerotic plaque area (unpublished). (plos.org)

5 Conversely, p53 induction by oxidative damage may help reduce the development of atherosclerosis, perhaps by suppressing the growth or enhancing the death of cells involved in causing atherosclerotic lesions. (the-scientist.com)
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage triggers cytochrome-c mediated caspase dependent apoptosis while microtubule disruption results in p53 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activated cell death in peripheral neurons. (edu.hk)

Additionally, epigenetic changes in tumorigenic cells also change their response to different forms of therapy. (oncotarget.com)

Cells co-transfected with an estrogen response element (ERE)-driven luciferase (Luc) reporter gene and an ERalpha- or ERbeta-expression vector were exposed to graded concentrations of ellagic acid. (nutrimedical.com)
Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of C-2 for 24 h and 4 μM of C-2 at indicated time points. (biomedcentral.com)
BIU87 cells were treated with vehicle control or varying concentrations of C-2 for 24 h. (biomedcentral.com)
MCF-7 cells were incubated for 24h with the treatment of escalating molar concentrations of docetaxel. (natprobiotech.com)

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as a Novel Targeted Therapy Against Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Where Are We Now and What Should We Expect? (iiarjournals.org)
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. (hindawi.com)
In addition, there is no report on the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol against human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
The A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and CL1-0 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco′s modified eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% antibiotic antimycotic. (hindawi.com)
Pirfenidone alone induced apoptotic cell death in lung CAFs at a high concentration (1.5 mg/mL). (biomedcentral.com)
Metastasis are characterized by a sequential and complex process during which cancer cells invade specific organs including lung, liver, brain, and bone [ 3 ] . (oaepublish.com)
Silencing PDL-1 expression suppressed CAFs' ability to promote stem cell-like properties and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, favoring chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)

In vivo, mice with a Bak−/− Bax−/− hematopoietic system were protected against thrombocytopenia induced by the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin. (medhelp.org)
GFP-luc MM.1s cells engrafted into the long bones, pelvis, and vertebral column of NOG mice within 4-7 days after injection of cells, as assessed by in vivo bioluminescent imaging. (skincaremanual.org)
Mice that had been inoculated with human prostate cancer cells received a four week therapy of pomegranate extract. (superfoods-scientific-research.com)

rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)

Moreover, the high mortality associated with liver cancer is related to its lack of sensitivity and development of resistances to a few treatments that lead to the chemotherapy failure. (encyclopedia.pub)

The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)

As a result of the presence of white blood cells in large amounts, the immune system gets activated and the area is properly sterilised. (phdify.com)
Cancer gene therapy approaches include the direct killing of tumor cells by injecting a therapeutic gene into the tumor cell or employing vaccine strategies to deliver an immunomodulatory gene that stimulates the immune system to recognize tumor antigens [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Astragalus also helps the immune cells to actually recognize cancer cells. (idiotzworld.com)
Garlic (Allium sativum) has been shown to increase and stimulate the natural killer cells of the immune system, helping to protect the body from cell damage caused by inflammation or infecting organisms. (idiotzworld.com)
Even if incipient cancer cells manage to avoid self-induced apoptosis, they are often prone to attack by marauding "natural killer" immune cells, which can recognize them as the enemy. (oasisofhope.com)

Even with all the recent technological improvements, recurrence and metastasis still are the main cause of death. (oaepublish.com)
Even with all the recent technological improvements, recurrence and metastasis still are the main causes of death. (oaepublish.com)

Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
These cells do not undergo apoptosis, and the primary outcome of caspase-2 activation is continued, cell division. (nature.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms9

Diseases33

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science5

Health Care9

Proliferation24

Anti-apoptotic3

Pathways15

Proteins9

Pathway15

Cellular15

Overexpression4

Degradation2

Expression of apoptotic1

Tumors21

Cytotoxicity4

Caspases3

Tumour5

Inhibits3

Radiotherapy and adjuvant2

Squamous Cell Carc2

Microenvironment7

Fibroblasts1

Extrinsic1

Necrosis7

Necrotic3

Mutations10

Survival5

Curcumin6

Vitro and in vivo1

Reactive Oxygen1

ABSTRACT4

Significantly6

Cancers5

Hypoxia11

Molecular6

TUNEL2

Genetic3

Ischemia1

Mechanisms9

Instability2

NSCLC7

Autophagy-related2

Regulation2

Assay2

Renal Cell Carc3

Cancer Cell Death1

Chromosomal2

Decrease4

Therapeutic target1

MDM21

Progression6

Genes2

Drug-induced2

Stress-induced2

Apoptosis mediated1

Dose-dependent2

Signals3

MRNA2

Glutathione3

Tumor suppressor2

Oxidative2

Tumorigenic1

Concentrations4

Lung7

Mice3

Proliferative1

Sensitivity1

Mitochondrial apoptosis1

Immune5

Recurrence2

Undergo apoptosis2