Apoptotic cell cycle regulatory proteins cdk4. Medical search. Frequent questions

Furthermore, silencing PrP c expression with si-PRNP amplified the fucoidan-induced changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. (iiarjournals.org)
Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed c-Myc as a new and direct downstream target of XBP1 for regulation of NK cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
Our results show that 2HF induced apoptosis in both histological types of lung cancer and inhibited proliferation and growth through suppression of CDK4, CCNB1, PIK3CA, AKT and RPS6KB1 (P70S6K) signaling. (oncotarget.com)
Down-regulation of EIF5B significantly decreased proliferation and invasiveness of the HCC cells. (techscience.com)
Further, trans-caryophyllene and -humulene, two sesquiterpenes present in the remove, were proven to synergize and inhibit cell development and proliferation in MCF-7 breasts cancer tumor cells (29). (unambitiousus.com)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
miRNA-149 was underexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, while overexpression of miRNA-149 promoted cell apoptosis, retarded cell cycle, and inhibited proliferation and migration in AGS and MKN28 cells. (hindawi.com)
It possesses a unique forkhead domain combined with a fragment of the target gene to initiate transcription [ 10 ] and regulates various biological processes such as tumor cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
Enforced expression of PTTG3P significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
HIV-1 expression induces cyclin D 1 and phospho-pRb (Ser780) expression in infected podocytes, suggesting that HIV-1 activates cyclin D1-dependent cell-cycle mechanisms to promote proliferation of infected renal epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
In comparison to the two general alternative mechanisms utilized by known transforming viruses to promote cell-cycle progression, namely, by activating or bypassing endogenous D-type cyclins (herein, referred to as "cyclin D"), it has not been established whether HIV-1 gene products trigger either cyclin D-dependent or cyclin D-independent proliferation in non-lymphoid tissues [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
EB1089 inhibited the proliferation of NCI-H929 cells and RPMI8226 cells in a dose-dependent manner among three myeloma cell lines tested. (drlauda.at)
The time effects of acidic pH e stress were determined with respect to tumor cell proliferation, phenotypic regulation, autophagic control, metabolic plasticity, mitochondrial network dynamics, and metastatic potentials. (biomedcentral.com)
Like other solid tumors, PDAC adopts fermentative glycolysis as an additional metabolic mechanism to compensate for the impaired oxidative phosphorylation to support cell survival and proliferation [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ZKSCAN5-Regulated VEGFC Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Tube Formation of HLECs Cancer cell-secreted VEGFC markedly enhanced the proliferation and migration of lymphocyte endothelial cells. (bms-911543.com)
Because ZKSCAN5 improved the secretion of VEGFC by breast cancer cells, the effects of the conditioned medium on HLEC proliferation and migration were investigated in ZKSCAN5 knockdown stable cell lines. (bms-911543.com)
The ZKSCAN5 knockdown ZR75-1 or MDA-MB-231 cell-conditioned medium decreased HLEC proliferation. (bms-911543.com)
The conditioned medium from these cells re-expressing ZKSCAN5 could rescue these effects ( Figures?2A, B ). A similar tendency was also detected in HLEC migration analysis ( Figures?2C, D ). Open in a separate window Figure?2 VEGFC secreted by cancer cells, under the influence of ZKSCAN5, regulates HLEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. (bms-911543.com)
A, B) Cell proliferation and colony formation assays in HLECs cultured in conditioned medium come from ZR75-1 or MDA-MB-231 cells stably infected with lentivirus carrying ZKSCAN5 shRNA or ZKSCAN5 shRNA plus ZKSCAN5-R. The representative Western blot displays the expression of ZKSCAN5. (bms-911543.com)
Mnt overexpression suppressed cell cycle entry and cell proliferation, suggesting that the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max is critical for cell cycle entry. (silverchair.com)
These results demonstrate that Mnt-Myc antagonism plays a fundamental role in regulating cell cycle entry and proliferation. (silverchair.com)
Studies in recent years have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have multiple biological functions in cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
Although lncRNAs cannot encode any functional protein, they are involved in diverse biological processes, playing essential roles in maintaining cell growth, differentiation and proliferation [ 13 - 15 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Myc proteins control multiple cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, metabolism and apoptosis, and deregulation of Myc plays an important role in oncogenesis ( Dang, 2012 ). (silverchair.com)
Very similar findings were seen in a prior study which figured ARID1B may be the preferential gene necessary for the success of in knockdown in cell lines led to reduced proliferation and decreased invasion [85,97]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Early embryonic pancreas-specific removal of resulted in decreased multipotent pancreatic progenitor cell proliferation and led to pancreas hypoplasia [48], indicating its essential function in modulating gene appearance during AG-99 development. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

Protein ubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis and degradation by the proteasome are important mechanisms in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell growth and differentiation, gene transcription, signal transduction and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Andrographolide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. (upm.edu.my)
Due to its greater cytotoxic potency and selectivity towards PC-3 cells, flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution of control and treated PC-3 cells whereas Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry analysis was carried out to confirm apoptosis induced by AGP in PC-3 cells. (upm.edu.my)
Here, we review recent evidence that this sublethal MOMP drives the aggressive features of residual cancer cells while templating a host of unique vulnerabilities, highlighting how failed apoptosis may counterintuitively enable new therapeutic strategies to target residual disease (RD). (bvsalud.org)
Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
Depletion of HSP70-2 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cellular growth, motility, onset of apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest as well as reduction of tumor growth in the xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we have examined the putative role of HSP70-2 in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in-vitro and in-vivo xenograft mouse model using gene silencing approach. (biomedcentral.com)
Plumbagin, for example, was shown to inhibit the DNA-binding activity of NF-B and induce apoptosis in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells (20). (unambitiousus.com)
Our outcomes present that treatment with LOE network marketing leads to a G0/G1 stage halt and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breasts cancer tumor cells without marketing necrotic cell loss of life. (unambitiousus.com)
Further, cell death effect of ST was associated with induction of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors have the potential to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
Treatment of DLBCL cells with CVT-313 resulted in apoptosis. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
Depletion of endogenous cdk2 by short interfering (si)RNA also resulted in apoptosis in human LY3, LY8 and LY18 DLBCL cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
Importantly, inhibition of cdk2 with CVT-313 or knockdown of endogenous cdk2 with siRNA resulted in downregulation of the anti-apoptotic factor Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), suggesting that decreased levels of cellular Mcl-1 contribute to apoptosis. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
Keywords: Dicer p21 cell cycle apoptosis HACAT miRNA signaling pathway p53 5 Introduction p53 is a versatile transcription factor which integrates information from unbalanced mitotic oncogenic or metabolic stress into graded cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest senescence DNA repair block of angiogenesis or apoptosis. (careersfromscience.org)
Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
Mechanistically, over-expression of PTTG3P up-regulated PTTG1, activated PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream signals including cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes. (biomedcentral.com)
These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
The process of systemically destroying damaged cell is called apoptosis and is signaled for and controlled by apoptotic proteins. (lumminary.com)
Interestingly, it also interacts with antiapoptotic proteins such as Survivin and cFLIP, which regulate the activity of apoptosis protein. (lumminary.com)
The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
Both proteins can localize at the mitochondrion , but the way they control apoptosis still remains unclear. (sdbonline.org)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
All these are the central actors in cell cycle and apoptosis pathways taking part in the pathogenesis of Neuroblastoma. (mbpinc.net)
Scientists consider this data to be able to solve many more answers in the longer run like how to get additional miRNAs under control of DNA methylation, or the influencing cell cycle and apoptosis. (mbpinc.net)
In this review, we highlight recent evidence related to the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and apoptosis of PC cells, and discuss the potential clinical application of lncRNAs to the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic prediction of PC. (oncotarget.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

It plays a key role in regulating the cell cycle via protein-protein interactions with the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK4. (wikipedia.org)
Results: Fucoidan treatment significantly inhibited growth and reduced cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) expression in HT29 colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Our results indicated that the activation of cyclinD1-CDK4 is required for short-term synaptic plasticity and mGluR-dependent LTD, and suggested that this cyclin-dependent kinase may have different roles during the postnatal development in mice hippocampus area CA1. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclin D1, a member of the G1 cyclins, plays an important role in the G1 phase progression of the cell cycle in proliferating cells via activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, or CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
PMID: 10102234 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: Exp Cell Res 2000 Feb 1;254(2):279-86 Cell cycle arrest induced by the vitamin D(3) analog EB1089 in NCI-H929 myeloma cells is associated with induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. (drlauda.at)
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

Background: The putative functions of the cellular prion protein (PrP c ) are believed to be associated with cell signaling, differentiation, survival, and cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
They regulate 60% of all known human mRNAs and play key roles in cell physiology differentiation and carcinogenesis. (careersfromscience.org)
HIV-1-infected podocytes showed markedly elevated cyclin D 1 mRNA and cyclin D 1 protein, the latter of which did not down-regulate during cell-cell contact or differentiation, suggesting post-transcriptional stabilization of cyclin D 1 protein levels by HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell-cycle-related proteins, such as cyclins or cyclin-dependent kinases, may have functions beyond that of cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. (biomedcentral.com)
The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)
Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
EGCG interacts with important cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as cyclins D1 and E and their cyclin-dependent kinases 2,4 and 6. (lumminary.com)

In the HCC cells, activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and IkB phosphorylation was significantly reduced by EIF5B silencing. (techscience.com)
The central roles of CCR4-NOT and 4E-BP1 in response to the combination therapy were further underscored by the observation of CNOT1 loss and rescue of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in TNBC cells that naturally evolved therapy resistance. (bvsalud.org)
The cyclinD/CDK4/6 complexes induce the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and the release of E2F, which trigger G1 cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
and group 4 (late-elderly, 75-85).Protein levels and deregulated protein phosphorylation linked to similar biological terms/functions, but involving different individual proteins, are found in FC with age. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
CVT-313 treatment reduced cdk2-mediated phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) on T821, but did not affect cyclin D-cdk4/6-mediated Rb phosphorylation on S807/811. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
Recently, we reported that the nucleus-mitochondria positive feedback loop formed by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) and phosphorylation of S496 on ERK5 (a unique member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family that is not only a kinase but also a transcriptional co-activator) were vital signaling events that played crucial roles in linking mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear telomere dysfunction, persistent SASP induction, and atherosclerosis. (oaepublish.com)

EIF5B (Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5B) is a conserved eukaryotic translation factor that mediates association of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits during eukaryotic translation initiation, and modulates the cell cycle progression by regulating the translation of upstream open reading frames (uORF)-containing mRNAs such as p27 and p21 [ 3 ]. (techscience.com)
These data suggest that EIF5B functions as an oncogene that promotes cancer cell growth, survival, and progression. (techscience.com)
These studies expose that LOE suppresses important features of the progression of aggressive breast cancer cells and provides a basis for further definition of its underlying mechanisms of action and anticancer potential. (unambitiousus.com)
The genes encoding cdks involved in G1-S progression are often amplified in B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
Results and Discussion To study the impact and extent to which miRNA contributes to cell cycle progression in transformed phenotypes we here employed the p53-mutated human keratinocyte cell line (HACAT) and RNA interference (siRNA) techniques. (careersfromscience.org)
p53 arrests cells during G1 progression and G1/S transit by inducing the CDK-inhibitory protein p21CIP1 and microRNA cluster miR-34a. (careersfromscience.org)
To investigate whether the delayed cell cycle progression observed in Dicer1-depleted cells can be attributed to restored p21CIP1 function we. (careersfromscience.org)
Studies [ 13 - 15 ] have shown that miR-149 plays an important role in many cancers, although its regulatory role in the FOXC1-mediated progression of gastric cancer remains unclear. (hindawi.com)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
This editorial highlights the relevance of interfering in cancer cell progression through the pharmacological manipulation on the cell metabolism of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP, and on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which may avail the reduction of toxic effects promoted by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, thus decreasing the incidence of interruption in antitumoral treatment. (researchgate.net)
Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)
Therefore, understanding biochemical dynamics of cell cycle progression may lead to target-specific therapy with improved side effect profiles. (janechin.net)
These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)
The aberrant cell-cycle progression of HIV-1-infected kidney cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy, however the mechanisms whereby HIV-1 induces infected glomerular podocytes or infected tubular epithelium to exit quiescence are largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
This reveals that DNA methylation regulates gene expression on a rich profusion of levels, and regulates cell homeostasis along with cancer progression. (mbpinc.net)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)

Studies using commercially available reagents of these compounds have shown they have pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on various tumor cell lines. (unambitiousus.com)
These results suggest prominent in vitro anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of ST in MDA-MB-231 cells. (biomedcentral.com)

miR-34a inhibits CDK2 CDK4 and CDK6 as well as E2F a transcription factor that after release from the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor Rb initiates S-phase entry. (careersfromscience.org)
Analysis of G(1) regulatory proteins demonstrated that protein levels of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin A were decreased in a time-dependent manner, but not those of CDK6 and cyclin E, by EB1089. (drlauda.at)

Here, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the cdk2 inhibitor CVT-313 against several human DLBCL cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)

This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)
Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
Analysis of gene microarray data indicates that combined treatment with DHA + CCM altered the profile of "PAM50" genes in the SK-BR-3 cell line from an ER - /Her-2 + to that resembling a "normal-like" phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
A) Luciferase reporter genes were determined in ZR75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells co-transfected with Glutaminase-IN-1 different concentrations of reporter and myc-ZKSCAN5. (bms-911543.com)
The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
Just like the protein coding genes, miRNAs are also influenced to epigenetic changes and regulation by DNA methylation in their respective promoter regions. (mbpinc.net)
Here, we show that c-Myc induction during cell cycle entry leads to a transient decrease in Mnt-Max complexes and a transient switch in the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max on shared target genes. (silverchair.com)
The Human Genome Project has revealed that protein-coding genes represent less than 2% of the total genome sequence [ 7 ], and the remaining greater portion of human genomes are regarded as "junk DNAs", for they do not encode any protein. (oncotarget.com)
Structural genes encode proteins that are not involved in gene regulation. (p450inhibitors.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)

IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)

Basal synaptic transmission was normal in the presence of CDK4 inhibitor. (biomedcentral.com)
however there was no significant change in paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) in slices pre-incubated with the CDK4 inhibitor from adolescent animals. (biomedcentral.com)
By the treatment of CDK4 inhibitor, the induction or the maintenance of Long-term potentiation (LTP) in response to a strong tetanus and NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) were normal in hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
However, long-term depression (LTD) induced either by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) agonist or by paired-pulse low-frequency stimulation (PP-LFS) was impaired in CDK4 inhibitor pretreated slices both from neonatal and adolescent animals. (biomedcentral.com)
But the effects of the CDK4 inhibitor at slices from adolescent animals were not as robust as at slices from neonatal animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we investigate amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that amplifications acquired are the primary cause of resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
download of been proteins appears the architectural subunit of including acids within enzymes and represents the inhibitor gene conjugation SSA to intracellular families that initiate dramatically synaptic from those short at the thyroid beta. (erik-mill.de)
Here, we summarize the different types of epigenetic enzymes which target corresponding protein domains, emphasize DNA methylation , histone modifications, and microRNA-mediated cooperation with epigenetic modification, and highlight recent achievements in developing targets for epigenetic inhibitor therapy. (frontiersin.org)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

The proteasomes form a pivotal component for the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and corresponding cellular Protein Quality Control (PQC). (wikipedia.org)
This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
We also report that HSP70-2 plays an important role in cellular growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and tumor growth of breast cancer xenograft. (biomedcentral.com)
However, protein levels of components of cell membranes, vesicles and synapses, RNA modulation, and cellular structures (including tau and tubulin filaments) are markedly altered from the age of 75. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Mechanical force modulates the conformation and function of individual proteins, and this underpins many mechanically driven cellular processes. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In line with previous reports from other cellular systems we observed a profound G1/S arrest in Dicer1 deficient HACAT cells as compared with wild-type (wt) PD173955 cells treated with non-target siRNA (Fig.?1A). (careersfromscience.org)
The small protein ubiquitin plays a vital role in virtually all aspects of cellular life. (intechopen.com)
The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
Restriction points receive signals from central- and peripheral cellular networks to determine subsequent cell fate. (janechin.net)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)
EGCG is especially important and active in many essential cellular pathways including the cell cycle. (lumminary.com)
Mitochondrial porin , also known as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is a multi-functional channel protein that shuttles metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions. (sdbonline.org)
The oncogenic activity of Myc family proteins is initiated when their transcriptional regulation is disrupted by events such as gene amplification and gene translocation, which typically lead to elevated cellular Myc levels. (silverchair.com)

Down-regulation of EIF5B also increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). (techscience.com)
This finding is of utmost importance since p53 is known to be key for p21 expression.2 The results reported here suggest that depletion of Dicer1 restores p21 expression in p53-mutated cells and that miRNA critically contributes to cell cycle regulation at least in part through intervening with the cyclin/CDK system and its inhibitors. (careersfromscience.org)
Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)

Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)
Consequently we screened for expression of CDK inhibitors and found substantial upregulation of p21CIP1 in Dicer1-disrupted cells but not in Dicer1-competent (non-target siRNA) controls (Fig.?1B). (careersfromscience.org)
Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. (bmj.com)
Sleeping Elegance is far more susceptible to more than expression inhibition than piggyBac and Tol2, the cargo capacity of Sleeping Attractiveness is constrained, and contrary to Tol2 and piggyBac that Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries are lively in all mamma lian cell kinds tested, Sleeping Elegance display cell form dependent exercise. (p450inhibitors.com)

OCI-LY3 and OCI-LY18 cell lines and Dr. B. (cdks). (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)

It also binds closely to the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, which is a regulator of the degradation of p53 and retinoblastoma protein, both transcription factors involved in tumor suppression and found mutated in many cancers. (wikipedia.org)
In accordance with its tumor suppressor role, the Retinoblastoma protein pRb can ensure pro-apoptotic functions. (sdbonline.org)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)

The telomere length specifies the number of divisions a cell can undergo before it finally dies (i.e. the proliferative potential of cells). (actanaturae.ru)
rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)
Furthermore, simultaneous Cre-Lox mediated deletion of Mnt and c-Myc in mouse embryo fibroblasts rescued the cell cycle entry and proliferative block caused by c-Myc ablation alone. (silverchair.com)

Here, we review the major advances underpinning our current understanding of how the elasticity of single proteins regulates mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In addition to its effects on dMyc, Puf regulates both Ago and its cell cycle substrate Cyclin E. Therefore, Puf influences cell growth by controlling the stability of key regulatory proteins. (silverchair.com)

Andrographolide (AGP), the major phytoconstituent isolated from Andrographis paniculata was found to exhibit growth inhibition and cytotoxicity against the hormone-independent (PC-3 and DU-145) and hormone-dependent (LNCaP) prostate cancer cell lines via the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. (upm.edu.my)
Conclusion: Combination of fucoidan with silencing of PrP c has a synergic effect on the inhibition of HT29 colon cancer cell growth. (iiarjournals.org)
In MDA-MB-231 cells, ST caused a significant dose-dependent cell growth inhibition by 31- 63% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 48 h and 40-50% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
We here show that this temporal separation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling induced by inhibition of Dicer1 is synergistic and synthetic lethal to low-dose 5-FU chemotherapy in p53-mutated HACAT cells. (careersfromscience.org)
ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)

deletion in vitro led to global boost of energetic histone marks and upsurge in proteins appearance through induction of Myc, aswell as acinar, to ductal metaplasia [49]. (morainetownshipdems.org)

Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is a critical, regulated step in this apoptotic pathway. (bvsalud.org)
ST also caused the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio. (biomedcentral.com)
At higher doses, cells undergo mitochondrial destabilization due to calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and die. (hindawi.com)
Herein, we address the complex crosstalk that involves mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial destabilization accompanied by mitophagy, and cell death. (hindawi.com)
Rather, PDAC cells use a distinct and lengthy process of reversible adaptive plasticity centered on the early fast and later slow mitochondrial network dynamics and metabolic adjustment. (biomedcentral.com)

In previous studies, we found that 2'-hydroxyflavonone (2HF), a citrus flavonoid, inhibits the growth of renal cell carcinoma in a VHL-dependent manner. (oncotarget.com)
Herein, we also provide evidence that LOE inhibits NF-B signaling by reducing RIP1 protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. (unambitiousus.com)

Additionally, 2HF inhibited efflux of doxorubicin and increased its accumulation in the cells, but did not add to the transport inhibitory effect of anti-Rlip antibodies alone. (oncotarget.com)
In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of miR-149 on the biological functions of gastric cancer cells by targeting FOXC1. (hindawi.com)

The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)

Using this integrated approach, we comprehensively define the cis-regulatory landscape for the tumor suppressor PTEN, identifying and validating 10 distinct enhancers and defining their 3D spatial organization. (bvsalud.org)

Extracellular signals direct the cell-cycle 'engine. (janechin.net)
Representative PDAC cells were exposed to various biologically relevant periods of extracellular acidity. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study offers a novel mechanism of early rapid response and late reversible adaptation of PDAC cells to the stress of extracellular acidosis. (biomedcentral.com)
The elevated glucose consumption-coupled with increased excretion of lactate and protons from glycolytic cells to the poorly perfused extracellular spaces-leads to an acidification of the tumor microenvironment [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although still not fully understood, an acidic microenvironment with an inverted pH gradient of extracellular pH (pH e ) lower than intracellular pH (pH i ) appears to impose selective pressures whereby tumor cells must adapt or die [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
More importantly, we show that functional VEGF-C is transported by extracellular vesicles (EVs) to enhance the lymphangiogenic ability of lymphatic endothelial cells. (endometriosistreatmentreport.com)
The IkB alpha antibody outcomes recommend a previously unidentified part from the 2/1 subunit in skeletal c-Kit-IN-2 muscle tissue and support the participation of this proteins in extracellular signalling. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Post-translation cleavage outcomes within an extracellular 2 proteins including 950 N-terminal residues and a proteins with 130 C-terminal residues. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Furthermore to carbohydrates for the extracellular part of the 2/1 subunit, additional conserved domains considered to c-Kit-IN-2 mediate cell signalling can be found in this area. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
The c-Kit-IN-2 VWA site is situated in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins and it is regarded as involved with proteinCprotein interactions needing divalent cations. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
The VWA occurs most in integrins and extracellular matrix proteins notably. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)
A more malignant state with increased migratory and invasive potentials in long-term acidosis-adapted PDAC cells was obtained with key regulatory molecules being closely related to overall patient survival. (biomedcentral.com)

presence of DNA pathway members( DSBs) is gamma cancers of the MRN pro-B-cell, been of MRE11A, RAD50 and NBN( NBS1). (erik-mill.de)
Hence, a better understanding of the impact of interstitial acidity and how tumor cells coordinate various adaptation mechanisms to cope with the acidified microenvironment is critical to improving therapeutic efficacy against solid cancers especially lethal PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, the pancreatic cancers cell series MIA PaCa-2 includes a homozygous deletion of and ectopic appearance of ARID1B significantly inhibited colony development and anchorage unbiased growth from the Rabbit Polyclonal to MAEA cells [84]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
SMARCA2-downregulated pancreatic cancers cells had elevated chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo [85]. (morainetownshipdems.org)

The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)

The synergistic effects also led to increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, maspin, but reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, survivin. (biomedcentral.com)

AGP was found to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest which led to predominantly apoptotic mode of cell death. (upm.edu.my)
Most notably, the Cas enzyme can be expressed in human cells and, by providing a human DNA-directed gRNA, induce a highly specific DNA double strand break that cannot be repaired error-free, leading to insertion and deletion (InDel) mutations. (biochem2.com)

With the increased understanding of molecular mechanisms and basic pathways in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck , these pathways may be modified, and rational approaches in cancer therapy at the molecular level may be created. (medscape.com)
Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Phospho-site-specific analyses revealed that pro-apoptotic information elicited by Myc β-catenin and other mitotic pathways early in G1 are absorbed and balanced by anti-apoptotic signaling from AKT and NFκB in Dicer1-competent cells. (careersfromscience.org)
These observations raise the possibility that HIV-1 gene products may interact with mitogenic pathways in infected renal epithelium to cause aberrant cell-cycle engagement. (biomedcentral.com)
Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
Scientists further worked showed that despite of the differences between cell lines in the gene expression level, the miRNAs-gene network is very slightly influenced or disrupted in these pathways. (mbpinc.net)

26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 10 or gankyrin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PSMD10 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Small is well known about the contribution from the 2/1 subunit because lack of this proteins can be lethal in 2/1-null embryos (Joshi & Taylor, 2006). (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
How the deletion from the 2/1 subunit offers such disparate outcomes as lethality in a single set of conditions and little impact in another can be intriguing and shows that this proteins may perform essential functions not linked to EC coupling. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Therefore, about 90% from the 2/1 subunit is situated beyond your cell. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

The following product was used in this experiment: CDK4 Polyclonal Antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 11026-1-AP. (thermofisher.com)

EB1089, a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analog, has been known to have potent antiproliferative properties in a variety of malignant cells in vitro and in vivo. (drlauda.at)

D) Cytoplasmic and nuclear ZKSCAN5 protein levels in two types of breast cancer cell lines, ZR75-1 and MDA-MB-231. (bms-911543.com)
Tubulin was used as the cytoplasmic control, and lamin A/C was used as the nuclear protein-loading control. (bms-911543.com)
Although the complete proteins topology isn't known, evidence shows that a little part of the peptide can be a transmembrane section with a brief cytoplasmic tail. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

whereas at P28 staining of CDK4 could be detected predominantly in the cytoplasm but not nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)

Dicer1 depletion causes cell cycle arrest and restoration of p21CIP in HACAT cells. (careersfromscience.org)
In this review, we will discuss the role of NAD + depletion in instigating SASP and its downstream signaling and regulatory mechanisms that lead to the premature onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors. (oaepublish.com)

A) HACAT cells were transiently transfected with Dicer1 siRNA (50 nM) or non-target control siRNA synchronized in serum-free medium for 48 h and harvested … Both p53 and miRNAs feed into the cyclin/CDK-driven cell cycle clock. (careersfromscience.org)
Human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN28 were cultured and transfected with miR-149 overexpression plasmid and its control or FOXC1 siRNA and its control. (hindawi.com)
Nevertheless, blockade of 2/1 manifestation with siRNA in the dysgenic muscle tissue cell range GLT got no influence on EC coupling and triggered just an acceleration from the calcium mineral current (Obermair 2005). (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

other download history and gis epistemologies considerations and proteins have normally subsequent and mediate to explore to endocytosis and repair through tyrosine of the ERK and AKT being cells( increased in Parker et al, 2014). (erik-mill.de)

Further, we reveal that cell routine protein and apoptotic markers, aswell as essential NF-B regulatory substances, are modulated by treatment with LOE, thus shedding light on the mechanism of actions behind the anticancer ramifications of LOE. (unambitiousus.com)

It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
In the present study, we have investigated the possible association of HSP70-2 mRNA and protein expression with various stages, grades and histotypes of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
The lumen is the able protein of mRNA hetero-oligomerization). (erik-mill.de)
It has been proven both in the mRNA (Varadi 1989) as well as the proteins amounts (Morton & Froehner, 1989). (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
The SK-BR-3 cells and DMBA-induced tumors, both with an ER - and Her-2 + phenotype, were affected by the synergistic interaction of DHA and CCM. (biomedcentral.com)

in adult acinar cells harboring oncogenic mutation accelerated acinar to ductal reprogramming resulting in mucinous PDAC precursor lesions in mice. (morainetownshipdems.org)

Adding chemical groups to the DNA backbone and modifying histone proteins impart distinct characteristics on chromatin architecture. (frontiersin.org)
Each origin is initiated by a combination of regulatory proteins that prepare the chromatin for replication before synthesis (S)-phase entry. (bmj.com)

Cell cycle and apoptotic regulatory proteins were determined by western blot analysis. (upm.edu.my)
WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. (affbiotech.com)
B) Luciferase reporter gene detection in ZR75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells co-transfected with expression in ZR75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which were transfected with ZKSCAN5 shRNA, control shRNA, or ZKSCAN5 shRNA plus shRNA-resistant ZKSCAN5 (ZKSCAN5-R). The representative Western blot further showed the expression of ZKSCAN5. (bms-911543.com)

FOXC1 is a member of the FOX superfamily of transcription factors and is located in the cell nucleus. (hindawi.com)
The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)

Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. (wikipedia.org)
This Review addresses single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments conducted on proteins with a known role in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in eukaryotic cells. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Subsequently, a compromised proteasome complex assembly and function lead to reduced proteolytic activities and the accumulation of damaged or misfolded protein species. (wikipedia.org)
Such protein accumulation may contribute to the pathogenesis and phenotypic characteristics in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases, and systemic DNA damage responses leading to malignancies. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, activation and enhancement of executioner caspase 9 and Bax proteins without affecting Bcl-2 protein levels were observed. (upm.edu.my)
EGCG has also been shown to interact with apoptotic proteins such as Caspase 3, 7 and 8. (lumminary.com)

Normal levels of these proteins were noted in chronic lymphatic leukaemias, in primary and secondary hypereosinophilic states and in multiple myeloma. (drlauda.at)

In the glioma cells, EIF5B promotes cell survival by enhancing the translation of several IRES-containing mRNAs including those encoding anti-apoptotic proteins such as XIAP and Bcl-xL [ 4 ]. (techscience.com)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process involved in cancer metastasis wherein cancer cells with epithelial characteristics acquire mesenchymal characteristics such as increased motility, invasion, and survival [ 6 ]. (techscience.com)
Constitutive nuclear factor-B (NF-B) signaling offers been shown to contribute to the heightened inflammatory state and survival in TNBC cells. (unambitiousus.com)
The PD173955 mechanisms however by which miRNAs interfere with cell survival and programmed cell death in transformed cells are still obscure. (careersfromscience.org)
The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)

This combination therapy drives cell death through the 4E-BP1-dependent suppression of the translation and translation-linked turnover of driver oncoproteins, including MYC. (bvsalud.org)

The expression and translocation of cyclinD1-CDK4 in post-mitotic neurons indicate that they may have supplementary functions in differentiated neurons that might be associated with neuronal plasticity. (biomedcentral.com)
The present results suggest that the expression of cell cycle-related markers may have supplementary functions in differentiated neurons that might be associated with neuronal plasticity. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we initiated to investigate the potential functions of cyclinD1-CDK4 in neuronal plasticity during the postnatal development in mice hippocampus area CA1. (biomedcentral.com)
New regulatory targets were discovered and novel functions of known proteins were uncovered. (janechin.net)
The proto-oncogenes that have been identified so far have many different functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

Even in the adult mouse hippocampus, cyclinD1-CDK4 were found in terminally differentiated pyramidal and granule neurons, and also were found in dendrites and mossy fibers[ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (bmj.com)

Cytotoxic chemo-, radio-, and targeted therapies frequently elicit apoptotic cancer cell death. (bvsalud.org)
Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)

However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate force-induced functionalities across a wide range of scales, encompassing the cell, tissue or organ levels, are not well understood in comparison. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Resistance to therapy can be divided into two broad categories: cell intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. (biochem2.com)

The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)

The telomeres consist of repeating sequences and a set of special proteins, which interact with these repeats and spatially organize them in a specific manner, resulting in the formation of the nucleoprotein complex known as telomeric heterochromatin [ 6 , 7 ]. (actanaturae.ru)

Anatomy24

Organisms12

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs122

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes71

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proliferation32

Apoptosis29

Cyclin-depend7

Differentiation5

Cyclins7

Phosphorylation7

Progression18

Kinase4

Anti-proliferative2

CDK62

CDK21

Genes18

Signaling pathway1

Inhibitor10

Cellular16

Regulation4

Inhibitors4

CDKs1

Retinoblastoma protein3

Proliferative3

Regulates2

Inhibition5

Induction1

Mitochondrial5

Inhibits2

Inhibitory2

Mammalian1

Tumor suppressor1

Extracellular11

Molecules3

Cancers4

Kinases2

Survivin1

Induce2

Pathways7

Subunit4

Antibody1

Vitro1

Cytoplasmic3

Predominantly1

Depletion2

SiRNA3

Mediate1

Aswell1

MRNA4

Tumors2

Oncogenic1

Chromatin2

Western blot3

Transcription3

Eukaryotic2

Accumulation2

Caspase2

Multiple Myeloma1

MRNAs1

Survival5

Suppression1

Functions6

Neurons1

Mitotic1

Therapies2

Mechanisms2

Activates1

Interact1