Apoptosis vascular activating transcription factor 6. Medical search. Frequent questions

Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
NF-κB pathways can be mainly activated by two pathways. (springer.com)
This process activates protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring kinase 1 and activating transcription factor (ATF) 6, and initiates unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Lipotoxic brain microvascular injury is mediated by activating transcription factor 3-dependent inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. (ucdavis.edu)
Like other TNF-family receptors and the IL-1 receptor, RANK mediates its signal transduction via TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins, suggesting that the signaling pathways activated by RANK and other inflammatory cytokines involved in osteoclast differentiation and activation are interconnected. (umassmed.edu)
Induction of growth factors [interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor) may indirectly activate the AR and/or its downstream signaling pathways (5, 6, 7) . (aacrjournals.org)
These modules were also enriched in synergistically co-regulated genes and pathways relevant to vascular inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
Diesel exhaust particles and oxidized phospholipids synergistically affect the expression profile of several gene modules that correspond to pathways relevant to vascular inflammatory processes such as atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Additional screens for MMTV provirus entry sites in tumors revealed several other upregulated genes that are associated with other gene development pathways such as INT2, INT3, and INT4 [4,5,6]. (chemdiv.com)
Stimulates cAMP production, calcium mobilization and tyrosine kinase Src inducing the release of heparin-bound epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), activating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK. (kxcdn.com)
We describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in GIST and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
Finally, gene and protein expression were measured regarding subtypes of VEGF, corresponding receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways, especially hypoxia-inducible factor-mediated pathways using multiplex-RT-qPCR and ELISA assays. (bvsalud.org)
Schematic inflammatory pathways involving growth factors, vasomodulators, and infectious stimuli in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

AD is associated with abnormal proliferation, apoptosis and phenotype of VSMCs[ 4 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
The present study investigated the effects of GSK2606414 on proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
GSK2606414 treatment inhibited RPE cell proliferation in a dose‑dependent manner, however it did not induce apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
The IS regulates critical cell functions including molecular-regulated cellular metabolite fluxes, protein and energetic metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis with consequent regulation of cell life including endothelial homeostasis and blood coagulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulates arterial blood pressure by stimulating vasodilation and reducing vascular smooth muscle and microvascular endothelial cell proliferation. (kxcdn.com)
The exaggerated immune response to repeated inhalation of these particles leads to infiltration and proliferation of activated pulmonary macrophages and lymphocytes, resulting in lymphocytic alveolitis and bronchiolitis with noncaseating granulomas. (cdc.gov)
Specify the components and their interactions and set up cluding proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic the system of equations. (lu.se)

Studies in osteoclast biology have led to the identification of factors responsible for the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, the most important of which is the receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor (RANKL/ODF), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like protein. (umassmed.edu)
EGF activated the ET-R kinase and induced partial differentiation. (umassmed.edu)
Both NGF and a caspase inhibitor reduced apoptosis and, thereby, enhanced differentiation. (umassmed.edu)
These results demonstrate that TrkA kinase initiates differentiation, and p75 enhances differentiation by rescuing differentiating cells from apoptosis via the PI3K pathway. (umassmed.edu)
Triggers mitochondrial apoptosis during pachytene spermatocyte differentiation. (kxcdn.com)
The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)

To investigate the effect of losartan on vascular remodeling and transforming growth factor-beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to measure the thickness and diameter ratio of the aortic media of mice in each group, Masson staining was used to observe the content of collagen fibers in the aorta of mice in each group, elastic fibers in the aorta of mice in each group were stained, and transforming growth factor-beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway protein expression. (ijpsonline.com)
Losartan has protective effect on aortic wall of rats with aortic dissection, and the mechanism may be through inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta 1 pathway, which activates downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway related proteins, and then inhibits the expansion and progression of aortic dissection. (ijpsonline.com)
Existing studies have shown that there is crossover between Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAAS) signaling pathway and TGF-β pathway, but little is known about whether ARB drug losartan can block Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) signaling pathway, inhibit the activation of Transforming Growth Factor- Beta (TGF-β) pathway, and regulate vascular remodeling. (ijpsonline.com)
The metabolic abnormalities of type 2 diabetes, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, activate the Janus kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, a major intracellular inflammatory cascade that transmits the intracellular signaling to the nucleus ( 2 ), promoting inflammatory response, inducing insulin resistance ( 3 ), and accelerating the development of cardiovascular complications ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Functions also as a receptor for aldosterone mediating rapid regulation of vascular contractibility through the PI3K/ERK signaling pathway. (kxcdn.com)
Furthermore, TFEB overexpression attenuated H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis by downregulating the caspase apoptotic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
This pathway plays a prominent role in inter- and intracellular communication and subversion can lead to cancer, fibrosis vascular disorders, and immune diseases. (lu.se)
Furthermore, such approaches allow for predicting the Transforming Growth Factor b (TGF-b) pathway in quantities not yet measured. (lu.se)

To understand the functional interactions between the TrkA and p75 nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors, we stably transfected LAN5 neuroblastoma cells with an expression vector for ET-R, a chimeric receptor with the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the TrkA transmembrane and intracellular domains. (umassmed.edu)
The aim of this study was to develop a method to evaluate IS in peripheral lymphocytes to identify altered intracellular molecules in patients with MetS to use as risk biomarkers of vascular thrombosis. (biomedcentral.com)
High levels of intracellular calcium ion activate proteolytic enzymes (known as calpains) that break down many cell proteins, particularly those in the cytoskeleton of neurons (spectrin, neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein). (benbest.com)
EGF (epidermal growth factor), TNF‐α, and PDGF (platelet‐derived growth factor) act through tyrosine kinase receptors and are partially transduced by intracellular reactive oxidant species (ROS) 95. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Pediatric patients who survived had higher levels of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted marker and lower levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule than did pediatric patients who died. (cdc.gov)

Structural changes to essential components of the lung are caused by oxidative stress, contributing to irreversible damage of both parenchyma and airway walls 6 , 7 . (ersjournals.com)
Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that oxidative stress may cause alterations in essential components of the lung, contributing to pathological abnormalities and functional changes (table 2 ⇑ ) 6 , 7 . (ersjournals.com)
We hypothesize that these pro-oxidative chemicals could synergize with oxidized lipid components generated in low-density lipoprotein particles to enhance vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
HO-1 and their products exert beneficial effects through the protection against oxidative injury, regulation of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation as well as contribution to angiogenesis. (springer.com)
Special cellular machinery should be activated to fight against increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to protect from oxidative injury. (springer.com)
Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)
This activates cascade of events which, in the end, affects oxidative status of the cells and provides robust protection against oxidative challenge. (springer.com)
Transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated autophagy is an important cytoprotective mechanism against oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results indicate that activation of TFEB mediated autophagy alleviates H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage by reducing ROS accumulation and inhibiting caspase-dependent apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Because apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells is modulated by cellular redox state [ 11 ], developing potential strategies for maintaining redox balance is particularly important in terms of preventing oxidative damage. (biomedcentral.com)

ATF4, CHOP and VEGF mRNA expression levels were assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, RPE cells proliferate and secrete various proangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which serves an important role in AMD-associated CNV ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Disruption of PERK activity has been demonstrated to reduce hydroquinone-induced apoptosis and hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in human RPE cells in vitro ( 5 , 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We investigated the influence of alpha6beta1 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression because autocrine VEGF is necessary for the survival of serum-deprived cells in hypoxia. (umassmed.edu)
The results obtained indicate that alpha6beta1 is necessary for VEGF expression because the ability of hypoxia to activate HIF-1 and to stimulate VEGF transcription in MDA-MB-435 cells is dependent on alpha6beta1 expression by a mechanism that involves protein kinase C-alpha. (umassmed.edu)
Hepatocellular carcinoma overexpresses the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (cancer-research-network.com)
Furthermore, the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), yet another inducer of angiogenesis in terms of up-regulating VEGF, is constitutively activated in HCC. (cancer-research-network.com)
Moreover, ENMD-1198 markedly reduces the activation of STAT3, an important transcription factor for regulating VEGF-A in cancer cells. (cancer-research-network.com)
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) participates in tumor angiogenesis by upregulating target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (oncotarget.com)
ADSCs could secrete various protective factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and a variety of microRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts through its receptor KDR, a receptor tyrosine kinase 85. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Increased production of mediators, such as interleukin (IL)‐8, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and leukotriene B 4 , which both attract inflammatory cells and increase oxidant production by these cells, has been found. (ersjournals.com)
Reduced cognitive function, increased blood-brain-barrier transport and inflammatory responses, and altered brain metabolites in LDLr -/-and C57BL/6 mice fed a western diet. (ucdavis.edu)
In the vasculature, activation of STAT1 and STAT3 promotes inflammatory response ( 5 ), increases neointimal formation ( 6 ), and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis ( 7 ), a chronic disease characterized by inflammation in the artery wall ( 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory process where lipid deposition and oxidation in the artery wall constitute a hallmark of the disease [ 12 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hyperglycemia treatment aggravated neurological impairment and axonal injury, increased cell apoptosis and glial activation, and promoted the release of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. (researchsquare.com)
Hyperglycemia induction worsened the loss of BBB integrity induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) by increasing the release of inflammatory factors and decreasing the expression of tight junction-associated proteins. (researchsquare.com)
Subsequently, the PPARγ agonist RSG increased caveolin-1 expression and decreased TLR4 expression and inflammatory factor levels. (researchsquare.com)
In contrast, caveolin-1 siRNA abrogated the protective effects of RSG in the in vitro BBB model of hyperglycemia by increasing TLR4 and Myd88 expression and the levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. (researchsquare.com)
The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
Main inflammatory mediators in pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

In individuals without mutations in PAH-associated genes (genetically non-susceptible), epigenetic changes and exposure to environmental triggers over time can result in progressive pulmonary vascular dysfunction. (ersjournals.com)
In humans, the MHC is called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system and is located on the short arm of chromosome 6, near the complement genes. (medscape.com)
Finally, we constructed the drug, transcription factors (TFs), and microRNA network of the diagnostic genes. (nature.com)
Associated with EGFR, may act as a transcription factor activating growth regulatory genes (c-fos, cyclin D1). (kxcdn.com)
Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)

Other growth factors involved in vascular remodeling include platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), epithelial growth factor (EGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2). (comprehensivephysiology.com)

ATF4 induces expression of the proapoptotic transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), which mediates PERK-induced apoptosis ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)

Furthermore, senescent cells, with the secretory features known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), could produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (MCP-1), to greatly affect the neighboring cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
There was also evidence of down-regulation of serum interleukin 6, a downstream nuclear factor κB effector. (aacrjournals.org)
IL‐6 (Interleukin‐6) binds to its soluble receptor (soluble IL‐6 Receptor) and the complex then binds to gp130 149. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Schwartz and Dameshek, in 1959, showed that 6-mercaptopurine was immunosuppressive in rats, ushering in the era of immunosuppressive drug treatment. (medscape.com)
LIFUS stimulation can also improve memory and cognitive functions in vascular encephalopathy rats [ 6 ]. (aging-us.com)

EGF may induce a limited number of neuronal cells because it also enhanced apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)

The trefoil factor (TFF) proteins (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) are characterized by the presence of at least one 40-aminoacid protein domain with three conserved disulfide bonds, which is termed the trefoil motif ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Mechanistically, we found that AMPK activation increased, whereas AMPK inhibition decreased, the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), an inducible nuclear phosphatase, by regulating proteasome-dependent degradation of MKP-1. (diabetesjournals.org)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system. (cancerindex.org)
Spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s) is a protein that belongs to the cAMP-response element-binding (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) b-ZIP family with a basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP). (mdpi.com)
This study aimed to investigate 1) mRNA expression of potent pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, 2) protein localization of the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin (TSP), and 3) vascularity in the endometrium of repeat breeder (RB) and normally fertile (non-RB) cows. (bvsalud.org)
Even though hypoxia is a significant limiting factor for wound healing, it reveals stimulating effects in gene and protein expression at cellular levels. (bvsalud.org)
Mathematical modeling of signal transduction networks has previously been used to map out thermodynamical using rate equations is increasingly attracting attention as a properties of protein-folding models (6,7). (lu.se)

These cells have been shown to have the capability of differentiating into cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells have the potential to differentiate into cardiovascular lineages, such as cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Abnormal vascular remodeling is the core cause of neointimal formation, mediator degeneration and cell dysfunction, which leads to atherosclerosis and vascular dilatation and other diseases[ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

This study was designed to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which AMPK suppresses vascular inflammation. (diabetesjournals.org)
We conclude that AMPK activation suppresses STAT1 signaling and inhibits vascular inflammation through the upregulation of MKP-1. (diabetesjournals.org)
Chronic low-grade inflammation is an important pathogenic factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
The ageing process is thought to contribute to tumorigenesis via aberrant genome maintenance and systemic inflammation that result in tissue damage and occurrence of unfavourable genome modifications ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
these oncomodulatory viruses can alter the pathology of these tumors by affecting cell signaling, cell metabolism, apoptosis mechanisms, cell-cell communication, inflammation, antitumor immunity suppression, and angiogenesis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Oncomodulation is a process, whereby tumor behavior is affected by virally induced mechanisms acting on cancer cells as well as stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, including suppression of cancer cell apoptosis mechanisms, altering tumor metabolism, suppressing antitumor immunity, triggering tumor microenvironment inflammation, initiating angiogenesis, stimulating tumor cell proliferation, increasing tumor invasion, and enhancing tumor cell migration (metastasis) [ Figures 1 and 2 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

CCL5 (RANTES) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) attract T and B lymphocytes. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Based on the hypothesis that alpha6beta1 is necessary for the survival of these cells in the tumor microenvironment, we report here that hypoxia protects these cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and that hypoxia-mediated protection requires alpha6beta1 expression. (umassmed.edu)

Cellular aging or cellular senescence is the critical factor for the process of aging. (hindawi.com)
Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. (frontiersin.org)

Blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) represent the "promoters" of vascular repair providing the rationale for autologous stem cell therapy [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, umbilical cord blood EPCs hold great therapeutic potential for cell therapy and vascular engineering. (biomedcentral.com)
EPCs from human umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood activate different mechanisms upon high-dose x-ray radiation treatment: CB-EPCs undergo p53 stabilization, Bax-dependent apoptosis and p21-dependent G 1 and G 2 /M cell cycle checkpoints, while PB-EPCs undergo only radiation-induced senescence [ 13 ], indicating unique gene expression patterns in EPCs of different sources. (biomedcentral.com)
The heart, kidneys, and liver are highly vascular organs and transplantation leads to a vigorous cell-mediated response in the host. (medscape.com)
Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thereafter, we identified significant difference of infiltrated immune cells (effector memory CD8 T cell, activated B cell, memory B cell, natural killer cell, CD56 bright natural killer cell, natural killer T cell, plasmacytoid dendritic cell, and neutrophil) between AD and control samples. (nature.com)
Results It was demonstrated that CDX-LIPO remarkably triggered tumor cell autophagy and induced immunogenic cell death, and meanwhile, activated the tumor-infiltrating macrophage and dendritic cells, and primed T and NK (natural killer) cells, resulting in antitumor immunity and tumor regression. (bmj.com)
It is an orally active, microtubule disrupting agent that leads to the arrest of cell division and apoptosis in tumor cells. (cancer-research-network.com)
Like all viruses, the EBOV largely relies on host cell factors and physiological processes for its entry, replication, and egress. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)

Inhibition of autophagy via bafilomycin A1 aggravated H 2 O 2 -induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptosis in MAC-T cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Caspase 9, the initiator caspase component of the apoptosome complex, can be activated by ROS, which in turn leads to activation of a caspase 3 initiating the caspase cascade leading to apoptosis [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Contributes to thymic atrophy by inducing apoptosis. (kxcdn.com)

encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)

Although the mRNA expression levels of most angiogenic factors did not change by repeat breeding, RB cows had greater mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1), and ANGPT2 and a less mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) than non-RB cows. (bvsalud.org)

A genetic predisposition combined with environmental risk factors may be involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). (ersjournals.com)

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) are highly specialized cells that maintain vascular tone and ensure vascular contractility under physiological conditions. (ijpsonline.com)

The transcription factor HIF-1α also plays a central role in HCC progression and angiogenesis. (cancer-research-network.com)
These results demonstrate that RB cows have a greater expression of both ligands and receptors for the anti-angiogenic factor TSP and a reduced vascular distribution in the endometrium compared with non-RB cows, suggesting suppressed endometrial angiogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

Recent studies suggest that TFFs are involved in the development and progression of various types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, stomach and colon cancer ( 6 - 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

β-catenin is a component of the complex cadherin complex whose stabilization is required to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (chemdiv.com)

A multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of TFF3, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for disease-specific survival. (spandidos-publications.com)
MDA-MB-435 cells engineered to be deficient in alpha6beta1 expression form primary tumors that are highly apoptotic and unable to metastasize, although they exhibit no increased apoptosis in vitro under standard culture conditions. (umassmed.edu)
A reduced expression of mTOR may reflect an increased risk of vascular thrombosis. (biomedcentral.com)

In cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells, pharmacologic or genetic activation of AMPK inhibited the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), while inhibition of AMPK had opposite effects. (diabetesjournals.org)

In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB), vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1/FLT1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2/KDR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3/FLT4), and prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) were overexpressed significantly depending on upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1a). (bvsalud.org)

Activation of this factor occurs in the stromal cells, tumor cells, and invading immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

The crystal structure of calpain 2 was solved in both holoenzyme and apo- state governments, providing home elevators the potential system of activation, that involves autocatalytic cleavage of the N-terminal pro-peptide ahead of substrate cleavage (6,7). (exposed-skin-care.net)

Hypertension, physical trauma, smoking, previous cardiac surgery, male sex and genetic diseases are risk factors for AD[ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

The role of two members of the ETS (E26 avian leukemia oncogene) family of transcription factors, ETS-1 and ETS-2, has been investigated in many cancers but has not yet been studied in ocular tumors. (molvis.org)

Due to their considerable plasticity and heterogeneity, the tissue-based DC and macrophage populations have been defined as mononuclear phagocytes [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

The CFR for pediatric patients in this outbreak was lower than for adults ( 6 ), but the reasons for this increased survival were unknown. (cdc.gov)
The relatively large number of pediatric cases in this outbreak enabled closer investigation of factors associated with increased survival of pediatric patients with EVD. (cdc.gov)

Ku HC, Cheng CF. Master Regulator Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer . (sinica.edu.tw)
The trefoil factor (TFF) family comprises three thermo-stable and protease-resistant proteins (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) and plays an essential role in gastrointestinal mucosa protection and regeneration, and TFFs have recently been found to be involved in the development and progression of various types of cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
A study by the American Cancer Society reported a 6% increase in cardiopulmonary deaths for every elevation of 10 μg/m 3 in PM concentration [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Several risk factors and pathologies, including ageing, smoking, obesity and diabetes have been associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. (frontiersin.org)

Countering NADH production, calcium action on the mitochondrial permeability transition pores increases inner membrane permeability thereby reducing proton potential, causing the matrix to swell and ultimately releasing cytochrome c (an initiator of apoptosis). (benbest.com)

Previous studies have shown that elevated plasma TMAO concentrations increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, but there are few studies on TMAO in cerebrovascular disease and vascular cognitive impairment. (bvsalud.org)
This review summarized a decade of research on the impact of TMAO on stroke and related cognitive impairment, with particular attention to the effects on vascular cognitive disorders. (bvsalud.org)

Environmental factors and genetic factors are involved in the occurrence of this complication. (frontiersin.org)
Heredity is a major cause of susceptibility to cancers, and in a case of CRC, it is estimated that 12%-35% of the risk is related to genetic factors. (frontiersin.org)
Studies using these samples found associations between fatal outcomes and elevated liver enzyme levels, renal dysfunction, cytokine dysregulation, and genetic factors ( 7 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)

Recent studies have found that losartan can delay the occurrence and development of AD and aneurysm[ 6 ], but its mechanism remains unclear. (ijpsonline.com)

Previous reports indicate that the mechanisms of DN involve a multifactorial interaction of metabolic and hemodynamic factors such as high blood glucose, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). (hindawi.com)

Anatomy19

Organisms8

Chemicals and Drugs134

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Pathways14

Proliferation7

Differentiation6

Pathway9

Intracellular5

Oxidative10

VEGF11

Inflammatory10

Genes5

Platelet-derive1

Mediates2

Interleukin3

Rats2

Induce2

Protein8

Endothelial cells2

Neointimal formation1

Inflammation6

Lymphocytes1

Serum1

Cellular senescence2

Cell10

Reactive1

Caspase1

Contributes1

Regulation1

MRNA expression1

Pulmonary arterial hyp1

Physiological1

Angiogenesis2

Colon cancer1

Stabilization1

Expression3

Activator1

Receptor1

Tumor Microenvironment1

Activation1

Diseases1

Tumors1

Macrophage1

Survival2

Cancer4

Initiator1

Cognitive2

Genetic3

Occurrence1

Mechanisms1