Apoptosis to chromatin. Medical search. Frequent questions

Finally, analysis of the mechanism by which multimeric alpha-lactalbumin induces apoptosis in transformed epithelial cells could lead to the design of antitumor agents. (lu.se)
Strongly inhibits chromatin transcription and induces apoptosis. (abcam.com)
AIF translocates to the nucleus when apoptosis is induced and induces mitochondria to release the apoptogenic proteins cytochrome c and caspase-9. (thermofisher.com)
AIF induces chromatin condensation and large scale DNA fragmentation, which are the hallmarks of apoptosis, of the isolated nucleus and the nucleus in live cells by microinjection and apoptosis stimuli. (thermofisher.com)
It induces apoptosis in HeLa cells (100µM) where it down regulates global gene expression. (enzolifesciences.com)
Gamma-linolenic acid induces apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. (omega-research.com)
ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. (frontiersin.org)

Other molecular processes, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, or chromatin remodeling have been also proposed to play a causative role. (ed.ac.uk)
However, oxidative stress could play salient role in the observed cellular and genetic toxicity and apoptosis-like effects which could be abrogated by antioxidant vitamins and flavonoids, including vitamin E, quercetin, kolaviron, myricetin and bioactive extractives with antioxidant effects. (frontiersin.org)

In this investigation, the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Solanum nigrum fruit extract-induced cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-468, a triple negative breast cancer cell line was studied. (ijpsonline.com)
These findings indicated that Solanum nigrum extract induced cell death in MDA-MB-468 cells by two distinct mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy, and these findings further suggest a possibility that this extract could be used to treat triple negative breast cancer. (ijpsonline.com)
A previous study reported that the extract of the whole plant of SN activated cell death in hepatoma cells through autophagy and apoptosis [ 7 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Autophagy and apoptosis are two forms of programmed cell death, which are essential for cellular homeostasis. (ijpsonline.com)
Several forms of cell death include apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, which differ mainly in the cells morphological changes that accompany them, as well as the proteins involved in their activation and execution. (epigentek.com)
Autophagy occurs with no chromatin condensation but involves vacuolization of the cytoplasm. (epigentek.com)

Interestingly, mitochondrial association of ADF and n-cofilin during apoptosis was preceded by, and dependent on, actin that translocated by a yet unknown mechanism to mitochondria during cell death. (nature.com)
4 Although the mechanisms of caspase activation in the cytosol are well characterized, the steps that control cytochrome c release from mitochondria and thereby activate the apoptosis program have remained largely elusive. (nature.com)
8 Recently, it was shown that n-cofilin translocates to mitochondria during the early phase of apoptosis, but the mechanism for this translocation remained obscure. (nature.com)
We found that, upon induction of apoptosis in control MEFs, n-cofilin, and its homolog ADF translocated to mitochondria together with actin. (nature.com)
There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)
Like the critical molecules, cytochrome c and caspase-9, in apoptosis, AIF localizes in mitochondria. (thermofisher.com)

SRA1 augments cellular proliferation and differentiation and stimulates apoptosis in vivo. (prospecbio.com)
Apoptosis is a gene-directed program has had profound implications for our understanding of developmental biology and tissue homeostasis, for it implies that cell numbers can be regulated by factors that influence cell survival as well as those that control proliferation and differentiation. (omicsonline.org)
Resminostat is an oral histone-deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor designed to fight cancer by modifying the three-dimensional chromatin DNA structure of tumor cells and trigger cell differentiation, which can ultimately result in apoptosis. (genengnews.com)
This protein is involved in different signaling pathways and in basic cellular functions, such as DNA repair, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. (medscape.com)

Capsid gene delivery into the striatum of mouse brain or interskeletal muscle resulted in cell death and inflammation, likely through capsid-induced apoptosis in vivo. (cdc.gov)
More importantly, direct in vivo expression of WNV-Cp protein in mouse brain resulted in an induction of apoptosis similar to what is observed in natural infection. (cdc.gov)

Two morphological types of cell death were found: apoptosis which was characterized by round or semilunar nuclear chromatin condensations, condensation and shrinkage of the cytoplasm and formation of apoptotic bodies, and cell death without the morphological features of apoptosis which was characterized by pyknotic nuclear chromatin condensations, vacuolated cytoplasm and the formation of numerous intercellular spaces. (karger.com)

Apoptosis is characterized by several morphological nuclear changes including chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. (thermofisher.com)
Typical apoptotic nuclei were shown by staining of K562 cells with DNA-binding fluorochrome Hoechst 33342, characterized by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. (omega-research.com)
Apoptosis is the best characterized cell death process and it is often accompanied by plasma membrane blebbing, shrinkage or decrease in cell volume, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. (epigentek.com)

As these studies also revealed impaired cytochrome c release and a block in apoptosis upon small interfering RNA-mediated n-cofilin knockdown, n-cofilin was postulated to be essential for apoptosis induction. (nature.com)
Thus, we conclude that ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for induction or progression of apoptosis in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
In summary, our work demonstrates that in mammalian cells ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for efficient induction of apoptosis. (nature.com)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
The results demonstrated that JIB extract combined with cisplatin enhanced the inhibition of cell growth, proliferation, and survival through the obstruction of cell cycle progression and AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling as well as the induction of cell apoptosis. (medsci.org)
Solanum nigrum (SN) is a herb with anticancer effects such as destruction of tumor cell membrane, induction of apoptosis by NF-kappaB, caspase activation, nitric oxide production and inhibition of angiogenesis [ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Induction of apoptosis leads to characteristic cellular changes leading to death. (ijpsonline.com)
In this Review, we discuss the multiple molecular mechanisms of p53 regulation and how they modulate the induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Apoptosis induction potential of each compound determined by mitochondrial membrane potential analysis (Rho123), cleaved caspase-3 expression analysis by flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining and cell morphology analysis by giemza, hematoxylin and eosin and Papanicolaou protocols. (ijpsonline.com)

Cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and apoptotic chromatin condensation were unchanged in all mutant fibroblasts. (nature.com)
To test the relevance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptotic processes, we here employed a genetically well-defined system of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of any ADF/cofilin activity and challenged these cells with well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
Furthermore, administration of EGCG in vitro was observed to prevent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by regulating pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, including B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein, and by simultaneously regulating caspase-3 in isolated rat hearts ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In the cell morphology analyzes, chromatin condensation and marginalization, changes in the cell membrane, ghost cells and apoptotic bodies were observed as evidence of apoptosis formation. (ijpsonline.com)

The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
We observed that the WNV-Cp protein is a pathogenic protein, which drives apoptosis in vitro through the mitochodrial/caspase-9 pathway. (cdc.gov)
In vitro apoptosis in individual cells was determined by terminal desoxyriboxyl-desoxyriboxyl transferase-mediated DVTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay with the In Situ Cell Death Assay Kit (Roche Diagnostic Corp., Indianapolis, IN) and visualized by fluorescent microscopy. (cdc.gov)

Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
We also observed that expression of Cp protein in mouse muscle resulted in apoptosis and inflammation of muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
This protein regulates apoptosis through controlling mitochondrial fusion and fission. (biolegend.com)
Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)

Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) causes chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. (thermofisher.com)
In addition, cell apoptosis was measured by double staining, DNA fragmentation and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate binding assays. (ijpsonline.com)
These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation [ 14 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
The changes due to apoptosis including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and global mRNA decay. (omicsonline.org)

Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to evaluate the histone modification of gene loci that are regulated by lunasin and cytokine. (weeksmd.com)
The lower doses do not cause toxicity by Alamar Blue assay, apoptosis by TUNEL or reduction in colony formation after 24 hours. (cdc.gov)

Other resistance mechanisms include DNA repair, suppression of oncogene activation, tumor-suppressor genes, epigenetic stabilization of chromatin structure, and apoptosis. (the-scientist.com)

In most cases, dying cells during development exhibit generalized morphological features typical of apoptosis. (karger.com)
According to our findings, apoptosis seems to be the most frequently observed type of PCD, but it is not the exclusive type of morphological cell death during the development of axial structures in human embryos. (karger.com)

Aberrations in chromatin remodeling proteins are found to be associated with human diseases, including cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Yet another group of genes associated with cancer formation regulates programmed cell death, or apoptosis. (the-scientist.com)
Biochemistry & Physiology: Open Access , Journal of Cell Science and Apoptosis , Apoptosis Journals , Apoptosis in cancer, Apoptosis: A Review of Programmed Cell Death, Chaos and fractals in human physiology. (omicsonline.org)
These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)
Known cancer drivers, transcription factors and genes in the developmental, apoptosis, immune system and DNA integrity checkpoint gene ontology pathways were over-represented among the highest-confidence target genes. (lu.se)
Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

These proteases are responsible for the dismantling of cells during apoptosis. (nature.com)
The importance of apoptosis is exemplified by the vertebrate adaptive immune system, in which B lymphocytes, as they differentiate from their precursor cells, rearrange the DNA of immunoglobulin genes to generate a vast number of potential antibodies. (the-scientist.com)
The cells die due to apoptosis in the average human adult is between 50 and 70 billion and for average child, approximately 20 billion to 30 billion cells die a day. (omicsonline.org)
Because rodents lack NLRP7, we used human embryonic stem cells to study its function and demonstrate that NLRP7 interacts with YY1, an important chromatin-binding factor. (nih.gov)
Some evidence indicates that polyunsaturated fatty acid can kill cells by apoptosis. (omega-research.com)
Flow cytometric analysis also demonstrated that GLA caused dose-dependent apoptosis of K562 cells. (omega-research.com)
These results demonstrate that GLA could induce apoptosis in K562 cells. (omega-research.com)
Confocal microscopy demonstrated nanotube s within the nucleus and in association with mitotic tubulin, the centrosomes and the chromatin in cells exposed to 2.4, 0.24 and 0.024 micrograms/centimeter squared SWCNT. (cdc.gov)

Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)
Countering NADH production, calcium action on the mitochondrial permeability transition pores increases inner membrane permeability thereby reducing proton potential, causing the matrix to swell and ultimately releasing cytochrome c (an initiator of apoptosis). (benbest.com)
Although their nuclear functions are currently being elucidated, it has been hypothesised that they are involved in membrane support, pore arrangement, envelope assembly, and chromatin organisation. (bmj.com)

CBP has significant histone acetyltransferase activity and "opens" the chromatin structure so that transcription factors can enter and regulate gene expression. (medscape.com)

Importantly, the mitochondrial association of n-cofilin and ADF had no impact on apoptosis signaling because ablation of either n-cofilin, ADF, or both proteins together did not change cell death progression. (nature.com)
Previous studies have identified apoptosis as a significant mechanism underlying cell death during I/R injury in cultured cardiac myocytes ( 6 , 7 ), and that the inhibition of this apoptosis is able to prevent I/R injury ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Apoptosis is also called programmed cell death which occurs in multicellular organisms. (omicsonline.org)
All these forms of cell death can be activated independently of apoptosis, or if apoptosis fails. (epigentek.com)

The expression levels of apoptosis-related genes Bcl2 and Bax were determined by real-time PCR. (ijpsonline.com)
CREB siRNA inhibited upregulation of both cytoprotective genes by MTX, while chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated CREB binding to the MnSOD promoter in MTX-treated EC. (bmj.com)
Activated p53 transcriptionally regulates hundreds of genes that are involved in multiple biological processes, including in DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. (nih.gov)
We applied our INQUSIT pipeline for prioritizing genes as targets of those potentially causal variants, using gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci), chromatin interaction and functional annotations. (lu.se)

Specifically, we discuss how the interaction of p53 with DNA and chromatin affects gene expression, and how p53 post-translational modifications, its temporal expression dynamics and its interactions with chromatin regulators and transcription factors influence cell fate. (nih.gov)

Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
On the contrary, histone acetylation relaxes chromatin condensation and exposes DNA for TF binding, leading to increased gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Through these associations, the lamins may have more expanded roles at the cellular level and control diverse functions such as DNA synthesis, gene expression, and apoptosis. (bmj.com)

Analysis of this effect revealed that a component of milk in a particular physical state--multimeric alpha-lact-albumin--is a potent Ca(2+)-elevating and apoptosis-inducing agent with broad, yet selective, cytotoxic activity. (lu.se)

Further, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP were found in GLA-induced apoptosis. (omega-research.com)
Apoptosis is mediated by release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3. (omega-research.com)

Targeting chromatin remodeling pathways is currently evolving as a major therapeutic strategy in the treatment of several cancers. (wikipedia.org)

PI3K deactivates BAD via Akt-mediated phosphorylation and thus may inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis in neurons. (jneurosci.org)

The narrow diame- association with cellular and mitotic tubulin as ter and great length of single-walled carbon nano- well as the chromatin. (cdc.gov)

How NLRP7-a component of the CATERPILLAR family of proteins involved in innate immunity and apoptosis-causes these specific DNA methylation and trophoblast defects is unknown. (nih.gov)
NLRP7 thus appears to function in chromatin reprogramming and DNA methylation in the germline or early embryonic development, functions not previously associated with members of the NLRP family. (nih.gov)

Apoptosis was partially blocked by the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO. (hindawi.com)
The apoptosis could be inhibited by a pancaspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk), suggesting the involvement of caspases. (omega-research.com)

SRA1 participates in some activities such as: metabolism, adipogenesis and chromatin organization. (prospecbio.com)

deacetylation - by HDAC (histone deacetylase) Acetylation tends to define the 'openness' of chromatin as acetylated histones cannot pack as well together as deacetylated histones. (wikipedia.org)

To overcome this issue and allow dynamic access to condensed DNA, a process known as chromatin remodeling alters nucleosome architecture to expose or hide regions of DNA for transcriptional regulation. (wikipedia.org)

Necrosis, in contrast to apoptosis, is characterized by an increase in cell volume, and does not involve the activation of caspases. (epigentek.com)

Recent studies reported a mitochondrial translocation of n-cofilin during apoptosis. (nature.com)

Additionally, JIB extract induced B16/F10 cell apoptosis via the caspase cascade. (medsci.org)

Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone acetyltransferases (HATs), deacetylases, methyltransferases, and kinases, and 2) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes which either move, eject or restructure nucleosomes. (wikipedia.org)

However, DNA is tightly packaged in the nucleus with the help of packaging proteins, chiefly histone proteins to form repeating units of nucleosomes which further bundle together to form condensed chromatin structure. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleus - Internal organization, Nuclear pore complex, Nucleosomes Chromatin. (amrita.edu)

By definition, chromatin remodeling is the enzyme-assisted process to facilitate access of nucleosomal DNA by remodeling the structure, composition and positioning of nucleosomes. (wikipedia.org)

Apoptosis is essential for many fundamental processes, such as embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. (nature.com)

Apoptosis occurred 48 hours after EBF3 expression with caspase-3 activation. (aacrjournals.org)
Apoptosis is induced through the mitochondrial pathway resulting in caspase-9 activation and downstream caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy35

Organisms10

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs115

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Induces7

Oxidative stress2

Autophagy6

Mitochondria6

Differentiation4

Vivo2

Nuclear chromatin1

Condensation and nuclear fragmentation3

Induction9

Apoptotic4

Vitro3

Protein4

Fragmentation5

Assay2

Tumor1

Morphological2

Cancer6

Cells8

Membrane3

Histone acetyltransferase1

Cell death4

Genes4

Transcription factors1

Gene3

Cytotoxic1

Cytochrome2

Pathways1

Phosphorylation1

Cellular1

Methylation2

Inhibitor2

Metabolism1

Acetylation1

Alters1

Necrosis1

Translocation1

Extract induced1

Kinases1

Nucleus2

Structure1

Processes1

Activation2