Apoptosis retinoblastoma family proteins induce. Medical search. Frequent questions

Meanwhile, gatekeeper genes directly regulate cell growth by either inhibiting cell cycle progression or inducing apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Alfred Knudson, a pediatrician and cancer geneticist, proposed that in order to develop retinoblastoma, two allelic mutations are required to lose functional copies of both the Rb genes to lead to tumorigenicity. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes generally follow the two-hit hypothesis, which states both alleles that code for a particular protein must be affected before an effect is manifested. (wikipedia.org)
Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Rb is able to suppress cell proliferation by binding to the E2F family of transcription factors, inhibiting its ability to activate transcription of genes necessary for cell cycle progression. (utrgv.edu)
Additionally, hpl-2 mutant animals also exhibited upregulation of autophagic genes, suggesting that SynMuv/DRM proteins participate in this process. (ehu.eus)
The first project focuses on E2F1, a regulator of genes important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (mdanderson.org)
Multiple mutations affecting embryonic development have been induced by chemical and insertional mutagenesis resulting in the identification of genes with important roles in development in Drosophila [ 23 - 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ChIP analysis showed that NCL1 induced H3K9me2 accumulation at the promoters of androgen-responsive genes. (oncotarget.com)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of genes, or the production of mRNA from DNA. (biolegend.com)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
To prevent hyper-proliferation, aberrant cells can be eliminated through apoptosis. (utrgv.edu)
Cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis and death are integral parts of life. (bdbiosciences.com)
The balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for both development and normal tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Several cell cycle-associated proteins, such as Ki-67, are also used as indicators of cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
The broad spectrum anti-tumor effects of calcitriol and analogs are mostly based on inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness, induction of differentiation and apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (jcancer.org)
Levels of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Ki67, and Bcl-2 were measured, reflecting cellular proliferation and death. (atsjournals.org)
Alternatively, E7 inhibits tumor suppressor retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) release a E2F transcription elements, stimulates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin A (7) aswell as CDK2/cyclin E organic (8), therefore abrogating cell routine arrest and stimulating proliferation (9). (insulin-receptor.info)
Many strikingly miR-17 -20 and -106b had been found to market cell proliferation by raising the intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements even though miR-17 -20 and -106b straight focus on the transcripts that encode because of this proteins family members. (techblessing.com)
Integration of intracellular metabolic states with extracellular signals leads to proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, or quiescence. (janechin.net)
HDACi have shown to block Ras-reliant signaling and expansion transformation.41 Astonishingly, in HEL92.1.7 and MOLM-13 cells, the pracinostat IC50 on proliferation is lower compared to IC50 on inhibition of JAK2 or FLT3-ITD protein ranges, correspondingly. (immune-source.com)
Pacritinib is an equipotent inhibitor of FLT3 and JAK2, which can be good at lessening JAK2/STAT5 and FLT-3 JAK2 signaling in FLT3 and JAK2 mutant tissues, respectively.33 A combination of pracinostat and pacritinib resulted in synergistic effects using a complete inhibition of downstream STAT5 signaling, an elevated effectiveness on cellular proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. (immune-source.com)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
Hinck's lab has identified a family of cellular proteins that help regulate cell proliferation and migration and act as breast tumor suppressors. (ucsc.edu)

This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
Non-coding RNAs Dancr and Rnu12, which are associated with altered human bone homeostasis, promote NCoR/HDAC3 complex assembly and are necessary for RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
Calcitriol elicits anti-tumor effects mainly through the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, angiogenesis and the inhibition of cell invasiveness by a number of mechanisms. (jcancer.org)
The pocket protein family controls several cellular functions such as cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis, among others. (ehu.eus)
Additionally utilizing a cocktail of development and differentiation elements (XXL-medium) differentiation of USSC into cells of neuronal lineage (XXL-USSC) expressing neurofilament and Vandetanib trifluoroacetate sodium route proteins was acquired [3]. (techblessing.com)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
Another protein, calgranulin A (Cal A), is involved in the regulation of several cell processes, including the cell cycle and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)

As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cells differentiating into neuroectoderm undergo apoptosis in the absence of functional retinoblastoma family proteins. (mcmaster.ca)
Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)

The more sporadic occurrence of unilateral development of retinoblastoma was hypothesized to develop much later in life due to two de novo mutations that were needed to fully lose tumor suppressor properties. (wikipedia.org)
Non-hereditary retinoblastoma involves two mutations, one on each allele. (wikipedia.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Mutations in proteins involved with the Rb/E2F pathway can result in hyper-proliferative cells that overtime can acquire and accumulate additional mutations, which could lead to tumorigenesis. (utrgv.edu)
Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
Although ACVR1 mutations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this currently incurable disease, the impacts of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on more than 60% of H3K27M DIPG carrying ACVR1 wild-type remain unknown. (nature.com)
Thus, the double-strand breakCinduced (DSB-induced) Punicalagin distributor frameshift mutations will affect the entire coding region thereafter. (insulin-receptor.info)
Knudson first proposed that two hits, or mutations, are required for the development of retinoblastoma. (medscape.com)
In contrast, both mutations in nonhereditary retinoblastoma are somatic. (medscape.com)

Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
E2F can induce apoptosis through two pathways: through transactivation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 or through Rb de-repression. (utrgv.edu)
2 Apoptosis is triggered by caspase-mediated signal transduction pathways. (bdbiosciences.com)
Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. (nature.com)
Cell death occurs under physiological and pathological conditions and mediates through three pathways as follows: apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor suppressors, oncogenes and alternatively deregulated upstream signalling pathways can directly influence the RNA polymerase I activity inducing hyper activation of rRNA transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Generally, these receptors explain their function on the cell membrane where, after the binding with growth factors or neuregulin undergo to homo or hetero oligomerization with the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the subsequent recruitment of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, proteins with the corresponding master regulatory pathways had been analyzed. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
In the present review, the role of Jak/STAT proteins and their regulators will be discussed in connection with osteoclastogenesis, since growing evidence indicates that a number of cytokines and growth factors utilizing Jak/STAT signaling pathways affect osteoclastogenesis. (koreascience.kr)

This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). (thermofisher.com)
The cyclinD/CDK4/6 complexes induce the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and the release of E2F, which trigger G1 cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)

The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
To examine the mechanism of Sch B-induced inhibition of cell Oxi 4503 survival we performed the cell cycle distribution experiment in the presence of Sch B and found that it induced G0/G1 phase arrest. (hiv-proteases.com)
NCL1 also induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
Cell phone routine analyses suggest M-VCR-R is considered the most powerful mix in triggering reduction in G0/G1, G2/M arrest, overriding the spindle checkpoint resulting in elevated apoptosis currently-reliant manner (Figure 3B). (immune-source.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors have the potential to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
Because its discovery, the c Abl family of tyrosine kinases, which includes c Abl and Abl relevant gene , has been shown to be very conserved across species and possesses been implicated in the wide number of cellular HER2 mutation processes including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulation on the cell cycle, and apoptotic cell cycle arrest response to pressure. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
Nuclear localization of c Abl typically takes place in response to tension or overexpression and results in progress inhibitory functions, such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)

CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
However, long-term depression (LTD) induced either by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) agonist or by paired-pulse low-frequency stimulation (PP-LFS) was impaired in CDK4 inhibitor pretreated slices both from neonatal and adolescent animals. (biomedcentral.com)
CVT-313 treatment reduced cdk2-mediated phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) on T821, but did not affect cyclin D-cdk4/6-mediated Rb phosphorylation on S807/811. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

Proposed by A.G. Knudson for cases of retinoblastoma. (wikipedia.org)
The first mutation of RB1 in cases of retinoblastoma can be either constitutional or somatic, whereas the second mutation is always somatic. (medscape.com)

This unique development pattern allowed Knudson and several other scientific groups in 1971 to correctly hypothesize that the early development of retinoblastoma was caused by inheritance of one loss of function mutation to an RB germ-line gene followed by a later de novo mutation on its functional Rb gene allele. (wikipedia.org)

There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)
Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
In accordance with its tumor suppressor role, the Retinoblastoma protein pRb can ensure pro-apoptotic functions. (sdbonline.org)
It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
To support this spectrum of requirements, BD Biosciences offers a full range of apoptosis detection tools and technologies for measuring indicators at different stages across the apoptotic process. (bdbiosciences.com)
Previous analysts (including those from our lab) show that focusing on HPV mRNAs with siRNA could efficiently knock down their manifestation and induce apoptotic cell loss of life in HPV-positive cell lines (10, 11). (insulin-receptor.info)
It does not have the morphological characteristics of typical necrosis, such as swelling of the cytoplasm and organelles and rupture of the cell membrane, nor does it have the characteristics of traditional cell apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies and disintegration of the cytoskeleton. (nature.com)
Anti-apoptotic strategies include inhibition of caspase, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), and Bcl-2 proteins as well as induction of the PKB/Akt pathway and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, understanding the mechanism of apoptosis gives detailed insights of anti-apoptotic molecular targets. (biomedcentral.com)
The synergistic effects also led to increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, maspin, but reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, survivin. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, inhibition of cdk2 with CVT-313 or knockdown of endogenous cdk2 with siRNA resulted in downregulation of the anti-apoptotic factor Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), suggesting that decreased levels of cellular Mcl-1 contribute to apoptosis. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)

Tumor suppressors such as retinoblastoma (pRB) and p53 negatively regulate RNA polymerase I and interfere with the assembly of transcriptional machinery on the rDNA promoter. (biomedcentral.com)
The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)

Cancer genetics, DNA damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle My current research is focused on two transcription factors that respond to DNA damage and play important roles in regulating tumor development. (mdanderson.org)
A hallmark of events observed during segmentation was the induction of multiple transcription factors, including a large group of homeobox proteins in pace with decay of a large fraction of maternal transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
RUNX1 belongs to the runt domain family of transcription factors and regulates target gene expression through forming a heterodimeric DNA-binding complex with CBFB. (biolegend.com)

Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
In contrast to necrosis (murdered cells), in apoptosis (commit suicide) and autophagy process, cytoplasmic membranes are maintained and cell body is completely removed without any inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytoplasmic c Abl could be activated during the G1 S phase transition of the cell cycle, when retinoblastoma gets phosphorylated and releases c Abl Prasugrel from its inhibitory interaction. (pkc-inhibitors.com)

Chief among the intracellular signals is the phosphorylation of proteins belonging to the pocket protein family, such as p107, p130 and retinoblastoma protein (Rb). (bdbiosciences.com)
a retinoblastoma protein (pRB)-related protein similar to p130. (ehu.eus)

Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
Knockdown of ALK7 inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells. (nih.gov)

Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Traditionally, cell death has been divided into apoptosis and necrosis. (nature.com)
Recent studies have shown that in addition to necrosis and apoptosis, there are also other new programmed death modes, such as autophagy, necrosis and necrotic apoptosis, which have unique biological processes and pathophysiological characteristics. (nature.com)
However, if phagocytosis of the cell does not occur at the final stage of apoptosis or autophagic process, the cells are removed through secondary necrosis [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
In summary these findings suggest that Sch B exhibited potent antitumor activities via the induction of CCA apoptosis and that Sch B may be a promising drug for the treatment of CCA. (hiv-proteases.com)

A family of inhibitory proteins which bind to the REL PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and modulate their activity. (bvsalud.org)

One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
Cells are also programmed for death at the genetic level as a response to DNA damages through the process of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
During the first stage called G1, cells monitor their environment and, when the requisite signals are received, the cells synthesize RNA and proteins to induce growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
E6 also activates human being telomerase change transcriptase (5) and SRC-family kinases (6), which offer additional growth benefits to the contaminated cells through the malignant change process. (insulin-receptor.info)
Commonly used radio- and chemotherapies are prooxidant strategies that alter cancer cells through ROS modulation and induce cell death [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Changes in the redox state of cells affect proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in different ways. (hindawi.com)
Apoptosis was first described by Kerr and colleagues in 1972 [ 17 ] as a physiological situation characterized by distinguishable morphological features such as nuclear changes (nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation), cell contraction, and losing attachment with adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Several members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) family, have been identified in the nucleus and nucleolus of many cancer cells, but their function in these compartments remains unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the control of ribosome assembly and protein synthesis is essential for the survival of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The SK-BR-3 cells and DMBA-induced tumors, both with an ER - and Her-2 + phenotype, were affected by the synergistic interaction of DHA and CCM. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro mixture reports in a variety of cell phone product lines with either wt or mutant JAK2 or FLT3 also shown synergy, largely in cells that moved the mutant proteins. (immune-source.com)
The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
Recent work has shown that these proteins are also involved in hormonal regulation of breast cancer cells. (ucsc.edu)
The increased calcium influx into the pancreatic beta cells induces insulin secretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. (medindex.am)
Treatment of DLBCL cells with CVT-313 resulted in apoptosis. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
Depletion of endogenous cdk2 by short interfering (si)RNA also resulted in apoptosis in human LY3, LY8 and LY18 DLBCL cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is commonly used to analyze biological molecules such as proteins, peptides and lipids from cells or tissue. (koreascience.kr)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

Cell-cycle-related proteins, such as cyclins or cyclin-dependent kinases, may have functions beyond that of cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

Factors that increase the risk of prostate cancer include older age, a family history of the disease, and race . (owiki.org)
Apoptosis genetically programmed cell death that plays crucial roles in cell death and survival is considered to be one of the main contributors to cancer development. (hiv-proteases.com)
Chemical compounds that induce cancer cell apoptosis are considered promising anticancer drugs (22 23 Caspases a family of cysteine proteases play essential roles in apoptosis. (hiv-proteases.com)
RAC1 Alterations Induce Acquired Dabrafenib Resistance in Association with Anaplastic Transformation in a Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patient. (mdanderson.org)
The focus of our research is on understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the activity of estrogen receptor (ER), a member of the nuclear receptor transcription factor family that is critical in normal reproduction and is implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. (wisc.edu)
Obesity also enhances other risk factors, such as in women with a family history of breast cancer. (wisc.edu)
Evidence shows that smoking of cannabis preparations caused cancer of the respiratory and oral tracts or, at least, potentiated tobacco smoke-induced damages [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
Calcitriol induces a number of non-genomic responses including rapid intestinal absorption of calcium, release of calcium from intracellular stores, opening of voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels, and the activation of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)
Growth factors that signal through tyrosine-kinase receptor families include the epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming-growth factor-α (TGF-α). (janechin.net)
Activin receptor-like kinase 7 silencing alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and dysfunction in diabetic rats. (nih.gov)

We used the carcinogen DMBA to induce breast tumors in SENCAR mice on control, CCM, DHA, or DHA + CCM diets. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)

Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)

Both proteins can localize at the mitochondrion , but the way they control apoptosis still remains unclear. (sdbonline.org)
During the course of their studies, members of the Audhya laboratory demonstrated that two oncogenic fusion proteins, TFG-NTRK1 and TFG-ALK, created by distinct chromosomal translocation events, localize to subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (sites of COPII vesicle formation) and dramatically upregulate ERK activity. (wisc.edu)

The objective of this research was to investigate the synergistic effects of two dietary components: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid present in cold-water fish, and curcumin (CCM), an herbal nutrient present in turmeric, in an in vivo model of DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Overexpression of separase continues to be reported to induce aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. (pkc-inhibitors.com)

These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
In those cases, multiple aspects of apoptosis might need to be analyzed to confirm the mechanism of cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)

Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)
The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
This study demonstrates that debcl and the pro-fission gene drp1 are necessary downstream of buffy to trigger a mitochondrial fragmentation during rbf1 -induced apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
Notably, Debcl modulates Drp1 mitochondrial localization during apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
Mitochondrial porin , also known as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is a multi-functional channel protein that shuttles metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions. (sdbonline.org)

Mechanistically western blot analysis indicated that Sch B induced apoptosis by upregulating Bax cleaved caspase-3 cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP and by downregulating cyclin D1 Bcl-2 and CDK-4. (hiv-proteases.com)

Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)
The encoded protein contains two different binding sites that are known to bind DNA and function as a regulator of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)

Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)

Caspase-3 cleaves several cellular proteins including Oxi 4503 the PARP protein resulting in morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. (hiv-proteases.com)

Both the death-receptor-induced extrinsic pathway and the mitochondria-apoptosome-mediated intrinsic pathway ultimately activate caspases (24 25 Among them caspase-3 which is activated by caspase-8 or -9 is one of the most important executioner caspases (26). (hiv-proteases.com)
By altering membrane transport in the early secretory pathway, TFG fusion proteins may modulate cargo export, potentially enhancing the secretion of growth factors that help to sustain a rich tumor microenvironment. (wisc.edu)

This deletion caused increased tumor growth in retinoblastoma, suggesting that loss or inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene can increase tumorigenicity. (wikipedia.org)

Different adhesion molecules are required for apoptosis, particularly caspase family as well as noncaspase proteases. (biomedcentral.com)

In this context, during any sort of stress condition the alternative reading frame protein p14ARF subtracts MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, from the interaction with p53 in manner to free and stabilise p53 level in the nucleolus of the cell where it inhibits RNA polymerase I activity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)

The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
GPR82 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that has been implicated in lipid storage in mouse adipocytes. (bvsalud.org)
ACVR1C is a type I receptor for the TGFB (see MIM 190180) family of signaling molecules. (nih.gov)
Decreased expression of activin A receptor 1C may result in Ca(2+) -induced aberrant skin hypersensitivity. (nih.gov)
We focused our research on the nucleolar function that a specific member of EGFR family, the ErbB3 receptor, plays in glioblastoma, a tumor without effective therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Cannabinoid is a family of complex chemicals (terpenophenolic compounds) that exert most of their actions by binding to and activating specific Gαi protein-coupled receptors named as cannabinoid receptor, CB1 (Central receptor) and CB2 (Peripheral receptor) respectively [ 4 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Although RIT alone induced similar tumor shrinkage, regrowth was observed. (bvsalud.org)

In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)

The p63 protein, a homologue of p53, may be associated with tumor formation in the epithelial tissue, acting as an oncogene 11,12 . (bvsalud.org)

The disruption outcome of apoptosis could result in bone-related diseases such as osteonecrosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Immunohistochemistry was done to investigate the protein expression of E2F1, TS, and Survivin. (aacrjournals.org)

Apoptosis was partially blocked by the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO. (hindawi.com)

An anticancer drug that belongs to a family of drugs called antimetabolites. (medindex.am)

Anatomy11

Organisms1

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Genes16

Proliferation15

Differentiation8

Undergo apoptosis3

Mutations9

Pathways9

Phosphorylation of retinoblastoma2

Arrest8

CDK46

Cases of retinoblastoma2

Development of retinoblastoma1

Apoptotic11

Regulate2

Transcription Factors3

Cytoplasmic3

P1302

Oxidative stress3

Necrosis4

Induction2

Inhibitory proteins1

Cells23

Cyclins1

Cancer7

Kinase5

Tumors2

Flow cytometry1

Localize2

Tumorigenesis2

Mechanism2

Mitochondrial5

Cyclin1

Regulator2

Complexes1

PARP1

Pathway2

Tumor growth1

Proteases1

Inhibits1

Functional1

Receptor6

Shrinkage1

Cell-cycle regu1

Epithelial1

Disruption1

Immunohistochemistry1

Caspase1

Anticancer1