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MacrophagesMacrophage ActivationMacrophages, PeritonealMacrophages, AlveolarApoptosisCaspasesApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsCells, CulturedCaspase 3Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2Inhibitor of Apoptosis ProteinsCell LinePhagocytosisMice, Inbred C57BLSignal TransductionDNA FragmentationMacrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorCell SurvivalIn Situ Nick-End LabelingCell Line, TumorTumor Necrosis Factor-alphabcl-2-Associated X ProteinLipopolysaccharidesX-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis ProteinMonocytesMice, KnockoutApoptosis Inducing FactorEnzyme ActivationRNA, MessengerCaspase InhibitorsFlow CytometryCASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating ProteinCaspase 9Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory FactorsTumor Cells, CulturedBlotting, WesternMitochondriaMice, Inbred BALB CCaspase 8Fas Ligand ProteinTumor Suppressor Protein p53Cell ProliferationCytokinesCytochromes cGene Expression RegulationNF-kappa Bbcl-X ProteinTime FactorsUp-RegulationProto-Oncogene ProteinsAnnexin A5Cell DivisionInflammationDown-RegulationReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionReactive Oxygen SpeciesEnzyme InhibitorsDose-Response Relationship, DrugMembrane GlycoproteinsImmunohistochemistryCysteine Proteinase InhibitorsAmino Acid Chloromethyl KetonesTransfectionInterferon-gammaCell CycleCell DifferentiationPeritoneal CavityThioglycolatesAntineoplastic AgentsPhosphorylationRNA, Small InterferingCell DeathDisease Models, AnimalGene ExpressionPoly(ADP-ribose) PolymerasesNecrosisJurkat CellsNitric OxideMacrophage Inflammatory ProteinsAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticT-LymphocytesMice, Inbred C3HHL-60 CellsAscitic FluidReceptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorTNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing LigandMembrane ProteinsRecombinant ProteinsCarrier ProteinsU937 CellsNitric Oxide Synthase Type IICaspase 7NeutrophilsMolecular Sequence DataSpleenClodronic AcidMembrane Potential, MitochondrialMice, TransgenicPulmonary AlveoliCaspase 1
Induces apoptosisVitroInflammationAtherosclerosisPathwayProliferationMiceNecrosisDendritic cellsMonocytes and macrophagesImmunomodulatoryInhibitLymphocyteCellsVivoReceptorsApoptoticNitric Oxide264.7 macrophagesIntestinalLymphocytesInhibitorMurinePhagocytosisInfiltrationSusceptibilityLipidsActivatesEpithelial cellAtheroscleroticInflammatoryShigellaNLRP3OsteoclastPathogenicInductionMechanismsSignificantlyTUNELCellTissuesIntrinsicMicroglialTissueProteinImmune
Induces apoptosis2
  • We also observed that the high- dose Paramylon induces apoptosis , whereas no such effect was detected in Laminarin treatment . (bvsalud.org)
  • IL-23 promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of your cell survival protein Bcl-2 7KC induces apoptosis in macrophages via activation on the mitochondrial-caspase-9 pathway of apoptosis35. (hivinhibitor.com)
Vitro8
  • TNF-α-mediated bystander assays used a murine coculture system of primary colonic epithelial cells and E. faecalis -infected macrophages ( in vitro ), with an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-deficient mouse model of colon cancer that involves long-term colonization with E. faecalis ( in vivo ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In addition, in vitro experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism of LiCl-induced macrophage death. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Key results:In vitro, whereas SMCs were highly resistant, LiCl induced macrophage death characterised by externalisation of phosphatidylserine, caspase-3 cleavage and DNA fragmentation, all indicative of apoptosis. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Both in vitro treatment of rabbit atherosclerotic carotid arteries with LiCl and local in vivo administration of LiCl to the plaques decreased plaque macrophages through apoptosis, as shown by TUNEL, without affecting SMCs. (uantwerpen.be)
  • BPs can also inhibit proliferation and cause cell death in macrophages in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Results of the in vitro study in samples from ALS patients highlight the deleterious role of M1 pro-inflammatory monocytes and macrophages in the ability of Tregs to maintain their immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory function and achieve immune homeostasis. (businesswire.com)
  • The present in vitro research work studied the interactions between expanded Tregs and activated monocytes and macrophages, and the ability of immunomodulatory drugs and other Treg-enhancing therapies to increase Treg anti-inflammatory function and suppress the pro-inflammatory function of the M1 phenotype of activated monocytes and macrophages. (businesswire.com)
  • Previous studies have indicated that organic chemicals extracted from DEP result in induction of apoptosis 11 , increase oxidative stress 12 , and induce the production of inflammatory cells 13 - 15 through the release of pro-inflammatory molecules in vitro 15 , 16 . (ersjournals.com)
Inflammation10
Atherosclerosis6
Pathway7
  • Mechanistically, high- dose Paramylon activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, with significantly up-regulation of intrinsic apoptosis -related genes and impaired mitochondrial function. (bvsalud.org)
  • The apoptotic signaling pathway induced by oxLDL/oxysterols in macrophages depends upon ACAT-mediated oxysterol esterification[10]. (gasyblog.com)
  • Our findings identify a previouslyunappreciated signaling pathway needed for Mycobacterium tuberculosis-triggered macrophage cell death. (edu.au)
  • We consequently investigated whether or not this pathway might also be necessary in IL-23-mediated enhancement of 7KC-induced macrophage apoptosis. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Even though the 7KC + IL-23 outcome will not necessarily prove a direct part for caspase-9 in IL-23 enhancement of apoptosis, because this enhancement requires 7KC-induced apoptosis within the initially place, these findings led us to discover further a protein that may be identified to impact the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, Bcl-237. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Apoptosis is induced through the mitochondrial pathway resulting in caspase-9 activation and downstream caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • C-BF also reduced LPS induced TNF-α expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. (unboundmedicine.com)
Proliferation5
  • Here, we report that the central proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α acts as a diffusible mediator of the bystander effects induced by macrophages, an effect caused by a proliferation of macrophages that trigger epithelial cell production of Netrin-1, a neuronal guidance molecule. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Extending these observations, colon biopsies from E. faecalis -colonized IL-10 −/− mice exhibited crypt hyperplasia and increased staining for macrophages, TNF-α, netrin-1, NF-κB, Tnfrsf1b, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen while also displaying a reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Influence of modified lipoproteins on the proliferation and apoptosis in macrophages and smooth muscle cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, is treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy to induce apoptosis and kill cancerous cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Although they cannot encode proteins, they are involved in many biological processes as regulators, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Mice13
  • In human/mouse DR5-transgenic Ubc.Cre mice with CIA, transgenic DR5 was most highly expressed on CD11b+ macrophages, with lower expression on CD4+ T cells. (nih.gov)
  • In human/mouse DR5-transgenic LysM.Cre mice, transgenic DR5 was restrictively expressed on macrophages. (nih.gov)
  • Macrophage abundance and phagocytosis were assessed with immunolabeling for pan-macrophage and phagocytic markers, in conjunction with TUNEL staining in cohorts of C3 KO and WT mice. (molvis.org)
  • In conjunction, there was a reduction in IBA1-positive macrophages in the outer retina compared to the WT mice and a decrease in the number of CD68-positive cells in the outer nuclear layer and the subretinal space. (molvis.org)
  • In addition, the engulfment of TUNEL-positive and -negative photoreceptors by macrophages was significantly lower in the C3 KO mice cohort following photo-oxidative damage compared to the WT cohort. (molvis.org)
  • The goal herein was to determine the effect of macrophage-targeted deletion of Bcl-2 on macrophage apoptosis in atherosclerotic lesions of Apoe-/- mice. (northwestern.edu)
  • Methods and Results-Bcl2 flox -LysMCre mice were created as a model of macrophage Bcl-2 deficiency. (northwestern.edu)
  • Macrophages from these mice were more susceptible to apoptosis than those from control Bcl WT -LysMCre mice. (northwestern.edu)
  • Conclusions-Macrophage Bcl-2 plays a protective role against macrophage apoptosis specifically in advanced atherosclerotic lesions of Apoe -/- mice. (northwestern.edu)
  • Ramanian et al.PageTo test the part of IL-23 in lesional macrophage apoptosis in vivo, we administered recombinant mouse IL-23 (rIL-23) to Ldlr-/- or Csf2-/-Ldlr-/- mice as per the scheme illustrated in Figure 5A. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • The primary aim was to restore lesional IL-23 levels in the GMCSF-deficient mice and to evaluate the impact of this restoration on lesional cell apoptosis. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • In addition, consistent with all the lack of an effect of IL-17 on apoptosis susceptibility in cultured macrophages (above), neutralization of IL-17 activity by administration of anti-IL-17 antibody34 did not affect lesional cell apoptosis within the IL-23-restored mice or any from the other groups of mice (Figure 5E). (hivinhibitor.com)
  • These data, combined with our information with cultured macrophages (above), support the hypothesis that the lower in lesional IL-23 in Csf2-/-Ldlr-/- mice plays a vital role inside the decrease of lesional cell apoptosis in these mice. (hivinhibitor.com)
Necrosis8
Dendritic cells4
Monocytes and macrophages1
Immunomodulatory3
  • To determine the therapeutic efficacy and immunomodulatory effect of an anti-human death receptor 5 (DR5) antibody, TRA-8, in eliminating macrophage subsets in a mouse model of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). (nih.gov)
  • An arabinogalactan (PTPS-1-2) was isolated and characterized from Pollen Typhae, and its potential antitumor effects on activating macrophages to produce immunomodulatory factors and promoting apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells were investigated. (yiacupuncture.com)
  • ß-Glucans in particulate and solubilized forms elicit varied immunomodulatory and apoptosis effects in teleost macrophages in a dosedependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibit5
  • A) Cells were cultured for 16 h in medium alone (-acLDL) or medium supplemented with (B) 100 μg/ml acLDL (C) 100 μg/ml acLDL and 8 μM AM-251 … Conversation In this study we show that AM-251 and SR144528 inhibit 7KC-induced macrophage apoptosis TSU-68 (SU6668) but not staurosporine-induced apoptosis. (gasyblog.com)
  • This suggests that AM-251 and SR144528 inhibit 7KC-induced apoptotic signaling rather than apoptosis in an over-all selectively. (gasyblog.com)
  • The observation that concentrations of AM-251 and SR144528 essential to inhibit 7KC-induced apoptosis also obstructed TSU-68 (SU6668) sterol esterification in macrophages helps the hypothesis that these compounds prevent 7KC-induced apoptosis at least partly as a consequence of their ability to inhibit oxysterol esterification. (gasyblog.com)
  • Since macrophages, like osteoclasts, are particularly susceptible to BPs, these observations support the recent suggestion that the mechanism by which BPs inhibit bone resorption may involve osteoclast apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, the various lactoferrin forms did effectively inhibit the pro-inflammatory response in macrophages that were activated with lipopolysaccharide with the most potent effect observed for apolactoferrin. (springer.com)
Lymphocyte1
Cells31
  • Both GPR132 and PPARgamma were expressed in THP1 (RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry) with expression of both increased when cells were differentiated into macrophages (PMA). (edu.au)
  • If left to propagate, the accumulation of C3b triggers cleavage of C5 to produce C5a and C5b, with the latter inducing the assembly of a membrane attack complex (MAC) that binds to cell surfaces, forming transmembrane channels that cause cytolysis or apoptosis of the target cells. (molvis.org)
  • Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Because it is such a diverse population of cells, a fundamental question is whether they have a common precursor or whether each macrophage population develops from a different precursor. (frontiersin.org)
  • The latter activates various immune cells (such as macrophages) to produce a series of factors regulating immune cells. (yiacupuncture.com)
  • An arabinogalactan isolated from Pollen Typhae induces the apoptosis of RKO cells by promoting macrophage polarization.Carbohydr Polym. (yiacupuncture.com)
  • Although apoptotic cells are known to be efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages, the mechanisms whereby their interaction with the phagocytes triggers their engulfment have not been described in mammals. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we report that primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (using alpha(v)beta(3) integrin for apoptotic cell uptake) extend lamellipodia to engulf apoptotic cells and form an actin cup where phosphotyrosine accumulates. (nih.gov)
  • Experimental approach: The effect of LiCl was assessed on macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in culture, in isolated atherosclerotic carotid arteries from rabbits and after local in vivo treatment via osmotic minipumps to rabbits with collared atherosclerotic carotid arteries. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Conclusions and implications: LiCl selectively decreased the macrophage load in rabbit atherosclerotic plaques via IMPase inhibition without affecting the viability or functionality of SMCs and endothelial cells. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Morphological and biochemical features that are definitive of apoptosis (chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and endonuclease-mediated internucleosomal cleavage of DNA) could be identified in mouse macrophage-like J774 and RAW264 cells, following treatment with 100 microM pamidronate, alendronate, and ibandronate for 24 h or more. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Most importantly, knockdown of caspase-9 blocked apoptosis in 7KC-treated cells and prevented the IL-23 increment in apoptosis (Online Figure XVIIB). (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Apoptosis induced by tungsten carbide-cobalt nanoparticle s in JB6 cells involves ROS generation through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, apoptosis and related signaling induced by WC-Co nanoparticle s were investigated in JB6 cells and rat lung macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptosis is a common process throughout life that helps the body get rid of cells that no longer work or that it doesn't need. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apoptosis protects the body by removing genetically damaged cells that could lead to cancer, and it plays an important role in the development of the embryo and the maintenance of adult tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 5-7 Morphologically, BL involves monomorphic medium-sized B cells with basophilic cytoplasm, numerous mitotic figures, rounded nuclei with finely clumped chromatin, myriad apoptosis, and tingible body macrophages, which result in a classic "starry sky" pattern. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The analyses implicated cellular and molecular targets of ZA's actions: ZA suppressed MMP-9 expression by infiltrating macrophages and inhibited metalloprotease activity, reducing association of VEGF with its receptor on angiogenic endothelial cells. (jci.org)
  • We also collected macrophages and CD8 + T cells from the peripheral blood of patients with IDD for co-cultures with NP cells. (medsci.org)
  • And macrophages and CD8 + T cells were harvested for apoptosis analysis by FCM after 2 days of co-cultures. (medsci.org)
  • FCM analysis found that human NP cells with increased FasL expression resulted in significantly increased apoptosis ratio of macrophages and CD8 + T cells. (medsci.org)
  • Therefore, the main objective of this study was to elucidate how iron-depleted, iron-saturated, and manganese-saturated forms of lactoferrin regulate intestinal barrier function via interactions with epithelial cells and macrophages. (springer.com)
  • None of the tested forms induced a pro-inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells or in macrophages either. (springer.com)
  • Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the later generations, when telomeres are short, cells die via apoptosis or senescence. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Apoptosis and other forms of cell death are required for trimming excess, expired and damaged cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Instead, they release diffusable cytokines, which mediate the inflammatory reaction and resultant apoptosis of epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • BP act in the regulation of osteoclast function by decreasing bone resorption by different mechanisms, inhibiting the development of their precursor cells, increasing apoptosis rate, stimulating inhibitor factors and reducing its activity 28 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)
Vivo2
  • Both in vivo near-infrared imaging of caspase activity and TUNEL staining demonstrated that TRA-8 rapidly induced apoptosis of macrophages in inflamed synovium. (nih.gov)
  • Induction of macrophage apoptosis by BPs in vivo may also account, at least in part, for the anti-inflammatory properties of BPs as well as the ability of BPs to cause an acute phase response. (elsevierpure.com)
Receptors1
Apoptotic3
  • It has been determined through extensive studies that autophagy, the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and apoptotic responses in macrophages jointly contribute to atherogenesis and its development in the presence of lipid abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Few studies have investigated in full-scale if the intervention time for lipids abnormality or NLRP3 activation have a significant effect on autophagy, NLRP3 or the apoptotic status in macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have now shown that the toxic effect of BPs on macrophages is also due to the induction of apoptotic, rather than necrotic, cell death. (elsevierpure.com)
Nitric Oxide1
264.7 macrophages2
  • Lipid droplet formation was undetectable in Natural 264.7 macrophages cultured in the absence of acLDL (Fig. 4A) but readily detectable in those cultured in the presence of acLDL (Fig. 4B). (gasyblog.com)
  • Fig. 4 Lipid droplet accumulation in Natural 264.7 macrophages is inhibited by AM-251 and SR144528. (gasyblog.com)
Intestinal4
  • Macrophage-induced bystander effects have been implicated as an important mediator of chromosomal instability and colon cancer triggered by Enterococcus faecalis , a human intestinal commensal bacteria. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pretreatment with C-BF prevented LPS induced intestinal tight junction disruption and epithelial cell apoptosis. (unboundmedicine.com)
Lymphocytes1
Inhibitor3
  • Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophages: an Anti-Inflammatory Adipocyte Factor in Mild Adolescent Obesity? (eurospe.org)
  • Moreover, the IMPase inhibitor L-690,330 as well as IMPase gene silencing induced macrophage apoptosis. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Given its track record in clinical use with limited toxicity, ZA holds promise as an "unconventional" MMP-9 inhibitor for antiangiogenic therapy of cervical cancer and potentially for additional cancers and other diseases where MMP-9 expression by infiltrating macrophages is evident. (jci.org)
Murine1
  • Comparable inhibition of acLDL-stimulated lipid droplet formation by AM-251 and SR144528 was observed with murine peritoneal macrophages (data not shown). (gasyblog.com)
Phagocytosis3
  • We investigate the effect of C3 ablation on macrophage activity and phagocytosis by outer retinal macrophages during photo-oxidative damage. (molvis.org)
  • The results show that the absence of C3 mitigates the phagocytosis of photoreceptors by macrophages in the outer retina, and the net impact of C3 depletion is neuroprotective in the context of photo-oxidative damage. (molvis.org)
  • In summary, we will show that neuroimmunologists can learn many lessons from the well-developed field of macrophage phagocytosis biology. (frontiersin.org)
Infiltration1
  • M1 (proinflammatory) macrophage infiltration, with surface marker CD40, correlates with metabolic complications. (eurospe.org)
Susceptibility1
  • CB2 deficiency has been mentioned to reduce the susceptibility of macrophages to oxysterol-induced apoptosis by a mechanism that is self-employed or downstream of ACAT [15]. (gasyblog.com)
Lipids1
  • To assess the impact of AM-251 and SR144528 on foam cell formation we stained macrophages with oil reddish O a dye selective for intracellular neutral lipids. (gasyblog.com)
Activates1
Epithelial cell1
  • RNAi-mediated attenuation of Tnfrsf1b decreased TNF-α-induced netrin-1 production and augmented epithelial cell apoptosis in culture. (aacrjournals.org)
Atherosclerotic2
  • Given that LiCl induces death in cultured macrophages and that macrophages play an active role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilisation, we investigated whether LiCl would induce selective macrophage death to stabilise the structure of the plaque. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Selective clearance of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques via drug-induced cell death as a strategy for plaque stabilisation. (uantwerpen.be)
Inflammatory2
  • Obese adolescent males particularly showed an association of low CD40 (M1 macrophage marker) intensity with high AIM adipocyte intensity suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of AIM in the adipocytes in male adolescents with mild obesity possibly reflecting a protective mechanism against metabolic complications in this age group. (eurospe.org)
  • Macrophages (Mφs) are the critical regulators involved in initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammatory response throughout the tissue regenerative process. (frontiersin.org)
Shigella2
  • Following transcytosis and macrophage apoptosis, Shigella avoids extracellular exposure and spreads intercellularly using actin polymerization processes (rocket propulsion). (wikidoc.org)
  • Following transcytosis, Shigella enters macrophages and induces cellular apoptosis . (wikidoc.org)
NLRP32
  • Moreover, the changes in autophagy, apoptosis and NLRP3 expression after treatment with small interfering (si) RNA targeting NLRP3 in the early and advanced stages of atherogenesis were consistent with the above data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The NLRP3 inflammasome consists of the NLRP3 scaffold, the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC) adaptor and caspase-1 ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Osteoclast1
  • Although their mechanism of action has not been identified at the molecular level, there is substantial evidence that BPs can have a direct effect on osteoclasts by mechanisms that may lead to osteoclast cell death by apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
Pathogenic1
  • Apoptosis is central to the interaction between pathogenic mycobacteria and host macrophages. (edu.au)
Induction2
  • mouse brain resulted in an induction of apoptosis similar to Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead what is observed in natural infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptosis induction vested and lysed at 48 h postinjection. (cdc.gov)
Mechanisms2
  • Cultured macrophages can take on foam cell characteristics when they ingest acLDL via TSU-68 (SU6668) receptor-mediated mechanisms and in an ACAT-dependent mechanism store the acLDL-derived cholesterol as cholesteryl esters within lipid droplets in the cytosol. (gasyblog.com)
  • Furthermore, the macrophage-like cell lines used in this study may be a convenient model with which to identify the molecular mechanisms by which BPs promote apoptosis in osteoclasts. (elsevierpure.com)
Significantly1
  • In the present study, the morphology of macrophages was altered and induced to polarize into the M1 type after 24 h of treatment with PTPS-1-2, the expression of M1-related genes was also significantly upregulated. (yiacupuncture.com)
TUNEL2
  • Measurements of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to assess pathology and photoreceptor apoptosis, respectively. (molvis.org)
  • Cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). (biomedcentral.com)
Cell10
  • Clinical scores, histopathologic severity, macrophage apoptosis and depletion, and T cell subset development were evaluated. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, the designed IFN-expressing PRRSV strain eliminated exogenous computer virus contamination and sustained cell viability at MELK-IN-1 4 days postinfection in macrophages. (epf2013.org)
  • ACAT the development of foam cell characteristics in macrophages by treatment with acetylated LDL was reduced by both compounds. (gasyblog.com)
  • As inhibition of ACAT slows macrophage foam cell. (gasyblog.com)
  • If a cell has an error in its DNA that cannot be repaired, it may undergo self-destruction ( apoptosis ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • and are recycled by a type of white blood cell called a macrophage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apoptosis is associated with nuclear disintegration, followed by removal of the cell by macrophages. (news-medical.net)
  • Necroptosis can therefore start in an apoptosis-like manner, but result in necrotic-like cell death. (news-medical.net)
  • ZA therapy increased neoplastic epithelial and endothelial cell apoptosis without affecting hyperproliferation, indicating that ZA was not antimitotic. (jci.org)
  • In this area, our recent research has included studying cutaneous shave biopsies for diagnosing primary colonic adenocarcinoma as well as growth inhibition and apoptosis in human brain tumor cell lines using selenium. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Tissues1
  • We here try to address these questions by collecting answers from microglia's cousins, the macrophages that reside in other tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Intrinsic1
  • Apoptosis induced by WC-Co nanoparticle s and fine particles involves both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. (cdc.gov)
Microglial1
  • White matter microglial/macrophage activation, evaluated by isolectin B4 immunostaining, was marked at the early time points. (lu.se)
Tissue9
  • Microglia are similar, but not identical to other tissue macrophages, and in this review, we will first summarize the differences in the origin, lineage and population maintenance of microglia and macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
  • They are often studied independently from other tissue-resident macrophages, probably because they are unique in some aspects, most notably in their isolation from the rest of the body through the blood brain barrier (BBB). (frontiersin.org)
  • But how different are microglia really from other tissue resident macrophages in terms of origin, lineage, and identity? (frontiersin.org)
  • In the next sections, we will review evidence about the origin, lineage, identity, and population dynamics of microglia compared to other tissue-resident macrophages and highlight commonalities and differences. (frontiersin.org)
  • proposed the "mononuclear phagocyte system" theory, by which tissue-resident macrophages were assumed to derive from blood-circulating monocytes and to differentiate within the host tissue ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Excess AIM-dependent lipolysis induces adipose tissue macrophage recruitment. (eurospe.org)
  • Most obese males had higher AIM tissue distribution in the adipocytes (64.7%, P =0.021) and macrophages (88.2%, P =0.024) vs lean males. (eurospe.org)
  • Obesity in the males was associated with higher tissue AIM distribution in both adipocytes and macrophages. (eurospe.org)
  • Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
Protein3
  • Caspase-8-dependent apoptosisof infected macrophages, which requires activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p38, lowers the spreadof mycobacteria. (edu.au)
  • For the reason that activated caspase-9 protein is very short-lived inside the 7KC-macrophage model, caspase-9 activation is measured by quantifying the disappearance of pro-caspase 9. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Combined exposure to NQ and antigen enhanced the local expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 and keratinocyte chemoattractant, compared with exposure to antigen or NQ alone. (ersjournals.com)
Immune2
  • In this study, we investigated the immune responses and apoptosis effects in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) head kidney macrophages (MФ) upon exposure to two ß- Glucans (Paramylon and Laminarin) at low and high doses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Enhanced apoptosis in the leukocytes of peripheral blood of PEM patients may be a marker of increased infection and immune disturbances. (who.int)