• Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential anticancer drug that selectively induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells by interacting with death receptors DR4 and DR5. (crg.eu)
  • Overexpression of the active form of this enzyme induces apoptosis in fibroblasts. (cancerindex.org)
  • CD178 binding to CD95 induces apoptosis and has been shown to play a role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. (biolegend.com)
  • Fas induces apoptosis by recruiting proteins that form the death inducing signaling complex DISC. (dtic.mil)
  • Raloxifene induces apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative human cancer cells through the AhR. (oregonstate.edu)
  • We identified Y134 as a raloxifene analog that activates AhR-mediated transcriptional activity and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human triple negative breast cancer cells. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Our studies have shown that chronic exposure to single-walled carbon nanotube s (SWCNT) induces apoptosis resistance and malignant transformation of human lung epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Another theory is that interactions between Fas (a cell-surface receptor that induces apoptosis) and its ligand, particularly a soluble form of Fas ligand released from mononuclear cells, lead to cell death and blister formation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • TRAIL can also bind to decoy receptors (DcR1, DcR2, and osteoprotegerin receptor) that cannot induce apoptosis. (crg.eu)
  • These variants do not induce apoptosis in DR4-responsive cell lines but show a large increase in biological activity in DR5-responsive cancer cell lines. (crg.eu)
  • In addition, our results demonstrate that there is no requirement for antibody-mediated cross-linking or membrane-bound TRAIL to induce apoptosis through DR5. (crg.eu)
  • EOS9.1 antibody can induce apoptosis without cross-linking. (biolegend.com)
  • Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, is treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy to induce apoptosis and kill cancerous cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in human liver cancer BEL-7402 cells. (wjgnet.com)
  • Conclusion: Prion protein 106-126 peptide can induce apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and present cellular toxicity definitely. (researchgate.net)
  • Carbon nanotube s induce apoptosis resistance through FLICE-inhibitory protein. (cdc.gov)
  • BH-3 only members of the Bcl-2 family engage exclusively anti-apoptotic members of the family (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), allowing Bak and Bax to translocate to the outer mitochondrial membrane, thus permeabilizing it and facilitating release of pro-apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, an antagonist of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). (wikipedia.org)
  • 5% false discovery rate) between risk of MACE and eight proteins: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, IL-27 subunit α (IL-27a), kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, protein S100-A12, TNF receptor (TNFR)-1, TNFR-2 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R)2. (springer.com)
  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins involved in innate immune response. (irb.hr)
  • 1) We study Cbl proteins, a family of ubiquitin ligases that negatively regulate signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. (cancer.gov)
  • The formation of necrosome, a multiprotein complex that stimulates necroptosis, is tightly regulated by proteins downstream of the receptor and can be the deciding factor in inducing necroptosis. (news-medical.net)
  • Steroid receptor RNA activator 1 (SRA1) occurs as both an RNA transcript and as constantly expressed proteins. (prospecbio.com)
  • Upon activation by its cytokine ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), this protein phosphorylates multiple intracellular proteins that play a role in in the proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of many cell types and thereby plays an important role in hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, melanogenesis, and in mast cell development, migration and function. (nih.gov)
  • DNA microarray and Western blot analyses of key apoptosis-regulatory proteins in the transformed cells revealed FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) as an important target of regulation by SWCNT. (cdc.gov)
  • In this Commentary, we discuss the implications of these findings for the regulation of apoptosis by Bcl-2 family proteins. (biologists.com)
  • Our aim was to evaluate whether increased enterocyte apoptosis was responsible for mucosal flattening in celiac disease (CD), and, since the mechanisms responsible for tissue injury in this condition are unknown, we studied the possibility that the Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) system may be involved. (nih.gov)
  • Endoscopic duodenal biopsy specimens from 12 patients with untreated and 12 with treated CD and 12 control subjects were evaluated for enterocyte apoptosis by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay and for Fas and FasL expression by immunohistochemistry. (nih.gov)
  • These results directly demonstrate that FasL-mediated apoptosis is a major mechanism responsible for enterocyte death in CD. (nih.gov)
  • Fas ligand (FasL or CD95L or CD178) is a type-II transmembrane protein expressed on cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fas ligand or FasL is a homotrimeric type II transmembrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soluble Fas ligand is generated by cleaving membrane-bound FasL at a conserved cleavage site by the external matrix metalloproteinase MMP-7. (wikipedia.org)
  • DcR3: Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a recently discovered decoy receptor of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that binds to FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A. (wikipedia.org)
  • DcR3 is a soluble receptor that has no signal transduction capabilities (hence a "decoy") and functions to prevent FasR-FasL interactions by competitively binding to membrane-bound Fas ligand and rendering them inactive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soluble FasL is less active than its membrane-bound counterpart and does not induce receptor trimerization and DISC formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fas/FasL) that results in caspase-dependent apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Prenatal DES exposure caused thymic atrophy, apoptosis, and up-regulation of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression in thymocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • When DES-induced transcription factors were analyzed, estrogen receptor element (ERE), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT), and activator protein-1 motifs on the Fas promoter, as well as ERE, NF-κB, and NF-AT motifs on the FasL promoter, showed binding affinity with the transcription factors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The extrinsic pathway is mediated by a variety of death receptor ligands, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Fas ligand (FaSL), that trigger apoptosis by binding to cell surface receptors. (cdc.gov)
  • CD40 has been reported to be involved in B cell differentiation, costimulation, isotype class-switching, and protection of B cells from apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • INS R signaling is important in metabolic regulation, but may also contribute to cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. (rndsystems.com)
  • MicroRNAs are a kind of small noncoding RNAs, which are involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by binding the translation section and lead to either mRNA degradation or translational inhibition and have been found to regulate crucial biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [ 10 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • SRA1 augments cellular proliferation and differentiation and stimulates apoptosis in vivo. (prospecbio.com)
  • MMPs are also thought to play a major role in cell behaviors such as cell proliferation, migration (adhesion/dispersion), differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and host defense. (anaspec.com)
  • Specify the components and their interactions and set up cluding proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic the system of equations. (lu.se)
  • In response to TRAIL, these receptors recruit the adaptor protein FADD (Fas-associated death domain), through death domain homophilic interactions (5), and the initiators procaspase-8 and -10, through death effector domain interactions with FADD, hence forming the macromolecular complex called DISC (death-inducing signaling complex). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Apoptosis-inducing Fas receptor is dubbed isoform 1 and is a type 1 transmembrane protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • T-cell and CD4 receptors on the surface of T cells bind to the HLA protein/T-cell epitope complex in order to generate an immune response. (genengnews.com)
  • The apoptosis-1/Fas protein in human systemic lupus erythematosus. (jci.org)
  • the expression levels of protein associated with apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of SKO-007 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. (researchgate.net)
  • Objective: To investigate the effects of prion protein 106-126 peptide on inducing apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. (researchgate.net)
  • The adenoviral protein E3-14.7K (14.7K) is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis, but the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect has not yet been explained exhaustively. (jci.org)
  • Here we report that adenovirus 14.7K protein inhibits ligand-induced TNFR1 internalization. (jci.org)
  • In contrast, 14.7K did not affect TNF-induced NF-κB activation via recruitment of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP-1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF-2). (jci.org)
  • Protein expression of ER stress and apoptosis factors was analyzed using Western Blot analysis. (karger.com)
  • Res effectively suppress the cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by ISO, characterized by the reduction of the myocardial cell surface area, the ANP gene expression, the LDH and MDA leakage amount and the rate of cell apoptosis, while decrease of the protein expression of GRP78, GRP94 and CHOP, and reverse the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. (karger.com)
  • CD27-binding protein (SIVA), a proapoptotic protein, can bind to this receptor and is thought to play an important role in the apoptosis induced by this receptor. (thermofisher.com)
  • In this study, we have characterized a novel approach for identification and selection of protein-protein interactions, denoted SPIRE (selection of protein interactions by receptor engagement), which is based on a mammalian expression system. (lu.se)
  • We have demonstrated proof of concept by creating a general plasma membrane bound decoy receptor, by displaying a protein or a peptide genetically fused to a trunctated version of the CD40 molecule. (lu.se)
  • When this decoy receptor is engaged by a ligand to the displayed protein/peptide, the receptor expressing cell is rescued from apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Fc-ARMs are composed of an Fc-binding peptide and a concentrating on ligand , enabling the exploitation of endogenous antibodies via fixed affinity to the Fc area of antibodies, whose sequence is conserved in distinction to the Fab area. (kashbiotech.com)
  • These NFPs are a chemoattractant for host phagocytes and can be recognised by formyl peptide receptors on the plasma membrane [ 8 , 9 ]. (nature.com)
  • Due to its bacterial ancestry, mitochondrial formylation of methionine is required for translation initiation of mtDNA-derived mRNA [ 7 ] and will therefore be recognised by the same formyl peptide receptors. (nature.com)
  • Dendritic cells display a large amount of MHC-peptide complexes at their surface and can increase the expression of costimulatory receptors and migrate to the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues, where they activate specific T cells. (medscape.com)
  • The first signal may involve interaction between an MHC I-bound and/or MHC II-bound peptide on an APC with the T-cell receptor (TCRs) on the effector lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • One specific peptide-displaying cell could be identified and amplified, based on a specific receptor engagement, in a background of 12 500 wild-type cells after four selections. (lu.se)
  • RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de l'étude était d'évaler l'importance clinique du ligand de CD40 soluble (sCD40L) chez des patients atteints d'un carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) associé au virus de l'hépatite C (VHC). (who.int)
  • Knockdown of CASP5 greatly inhibited GBM proliferation and resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest along with higher apoptosis ratios in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression led to the opposite phenomenon. (cancerindex.org)
  • The HB14 antibody has been reported to promote B cell proliferation in the presence of anti-IgM, IL-4 or PMA, partially block CD40 binding to CD40L and rescue B cells from apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: costimulation of B cell proliferation, partial inhibition of CD40 binding to CD40L, and prevention of B cell apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • After ligand binding, the tyrosine kinase domain is activated and stimulates the intracellular signaling pathways that control the proliferation rate and apoptosis. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • Using KIT-mutant GIST cell lines, these investigators showed that a small molecule IGF-1R kinase inhibitor (NVPAEW541) reduced cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • In the current study, we demonstrate that DcR1 and DcR2 inhibit TRAIL-induced apoptosis by distinct mechanisms. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • LIT is expressed predominantly on PBL, where it can competitively inhibit TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR4/TRICK2, and may function to modulate lymphocyte sensitivity to TRAIL. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The abolishment of enterocyte apoptosis observed in the presence of ZB4 antibody suggests that enterocytes are potential targets of lymphocyte infiltrate. (nih.gov)
  • The signaling inhibitory antibody quickly induces ligand-independent receptor clustering and internalization via each caveolin and clathrin-mediated pathways. (kashbiotech.com)
  • The non-inhibitory antibody additionally effectively endocytoses through clathrin with out inducing receptor clustering however with slower lysosomal co-localization kinetics. (kashbiotech.com)
  • We present that Fc-ARM concentrating on folate receptor-α (FR-α) redirects a clinically used antibody combination to FR-α + most cancers cells, leading to most cancers cell lysis by pure killer cells in vitro . (kashbiotech.com)
  • The DX2 antibody is useful for inducing apoptosis of Fas-positive cells. (biolegend.com)
  • in vitro induction of apoptosis 3 (DX2 antibody is required to be cross-linked for effective induction of apoptosis) and immunohistochemical staining 4,5 of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. (biolegend.com)
  • a combination of phospholipase A2 receptor antibody and corresponding antigen on the podocytes forms in the immune complex and then activates the C5b-9 complex through the relative channels, damages the podocytes, destroys the glomerular filtration barrier, and generates proteinuria [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known to cause apoptosis in several types of malignant tumor cells through its interaction with the death domain-containing receptor, death receptor 5 (DR5). (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we showed that co-treatment with troglitazone (TGZ), a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and TRAIL synergistically induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation in human colon cancer DLD-1 cells. (nih.gov)
  • The occurrence of DR5-responsive tumor cells indicates that a DR5 receptor-specific TRAIL variant will permit tumor-selective therapies. (crg.eu)
  • Even wild-type TRAIL-insensitive ovarian cancer cell lines could be brought into apoptosis. (crg.eu)
  • Tumor necrosis element (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF family that induces cancer cell death by apoptosis with some selectivity. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily known as TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) (16). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • TRAIL triggers apoptosis upon engagement of one of its two agonistic receptors, named DR4 (death receptor 4) (33) and DR5 (death receptor 5) (7, 46). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • In addition to the agonistic TRAIL receptors DR4 and DR5, TRAIL can bind to related but antagonistic receptors, including TRID or TRAIL-R3 (11, 27, 32) and TRUNDD or TRAIL-R4 (10), also coined DcR1 (decoy receptor 1) and DcR2 (decoy receptor 2), respectively. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Transient overexpression of DcR1 or DcR2 in TRAIL-sensitive Sav1 tumor cells prevents cell death triggering by TRAIL (10, 11), and recent evidence indicates that tumor and normal cells can acquire resistance to TRAIL-induced killing by up-regulating TRAIL antagonistic receptors (6, 8, 9, 34). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Upon TRAIL binding, DcR1 and DcR2 fail to recruit FADD and, consequently, fail to induce downstream cell signaling events leading to apoptosis (10, 32). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Initial binding experiments suggested that TRAIL binding affinities to TRAIL agonistic and antagonistic receptors were similar (11, Laropiprant 24), but subsequent studies demonstrated that DcR1 and Laropiprant DcR2 affinities to TRAIL were lower than that of DR4 or DR5 (8). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • To date, the molecular mechanisms by which DcR1 and DcR2 confer resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis remain unclear (1, 6, 9, 13). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Lymphocyte inhibitor of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand): a new receptor protecting lymphocytes from the death ligand TRAIL. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The latter two are receptors for the cytotoxic ligand TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and one of the paradoxes raised by the cloning of these molecules was why do most cells not die upon contact with the widely expressed TRAIL molecule? (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2) We investigate induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by TRAIL receptor agonists. (cancer.gov)
  • In a second project we are investigating the induction of apoptosis by activation of death receptors for the ligand TRAIL in breast and ovarian cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • We have shown that most breast and ovarian cancer cell lines are resistant to the induction of apoptosis by TRAIL, the ligand for the death receptors DR4 and DR5. (cancer.gov)
  • We have demonstrated that resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis can be overcome by co-incubation of the cells with chemotherapeutic agents, semi-synthetic retinoids (such as 4HPR), or molecularly targeted agents (such as anti-ErbB-2 antibodies). (cancer.gov)
  • Our current work utilizes biochemical and genetic approaches to identify mechanisms that regulate the induction of death by TRAIL ligand in breast and ovarian cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • Hispolon enhanced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in renal carcinoma cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • In this study, we evaluated the sensitizing effect of hispolon on TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Among these associations, we found KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), TNFR (TNF [tumor necrosis factor] receptor) 1 and 2, TRAIL-R2 (TRAIL [TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand] receptor 2), and RETN (resistin) to be associated with all 4 lipid fractions. (lu.se)
  • Association between endometriosis and polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), TRAIL receptor and osteoprotegerin genes and their serum levels. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, NK cells mediate their cytolytic function through the engagement of activating receptors, such as NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp46, and NKp44 ( 3 , 4 ), or following pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this context, we have characterized the orphan cytokine receptor CRLF3, which is expressed in various tissues throughout eumetazoan species, as an ancient receptor that is sensitive to erythropoietin-like ligands. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • They are known to be involved in the cleavage of cell surface receptors, the release of apoptotic ligands, and chemokine/cytokine inactivation. (anaspec.com)
  • Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF6/Fas, a receptor that transduces the apoptotic signal into cells. (lu.se)
  • To design a high-throughput system with a highly parallel capacity, we utilized the B cell line WEHI-231, as carrier of the decoy receptor. (lu.se)
  • Binding to the decoy receptor TNFRSF6b/dcr3 modulates its effects. (lu.se)
  • Fas forms the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) upon ligand binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, breast cancer cells often highly express the Fas CD95APO-1 receptor, which is well established as an activator of apoptosis programmed cell death upon ligand binding. (dtic.mil)
  • The extracellular region of CD95 binds to CD178 (Fas ligand). (biolegend.com)
  • These cells are dubbed Type 1 cells and are characterized by the inability of anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family (namely Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) to protect from Fas-mediated apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ralf Heinrich is interested in apoptosis and pharmacological intervention with apoptotic processes to support cell survival, functionality and regeneration. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Its functions include: T-cell homeostasis: the activation of T-cells leads to their expression of the Fas ligand. (wikipedia.org)
  • T cells are initially resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis during clonal expansion, but become progressively more sensitive the longer they are activated, ultimately resulting in activation-induced cell death (AICD). (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans and mice with deleterious mutations of Fas or Fas ligand develop an accumulation of aberrant T-cells, leading to lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and lupus erythematosus. (wikipedia.org)
  • As well as, DLL4 ligand binding to the NOTCH3 receptor mediates transendocytosis of NOTCH3-ADCs into ligand-expressing cells. (kashbiotech.com)
  • NOTCH3-ADCs internalize into receptor and ligand cells impartial of signaling and induce cell dying in each cell sorts representing an atypical mechanism of ADC cytotoxicity. (kashbiotech.com)
  • Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Their function is regulated by the activation of a number of activating and inhibitory receptors that bind to specific ligands expressed on the surface of target cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • 1 Alone, or in combination with TLR ligands, clone HIB14 stimulates B cells to produce IL-10 and differentiates it into regulatory B10 (IL-10 producing B cells). (biolegend.com)
  • These ligands originate from necrotic cancer cells and may stimulate cancer progression. (irb.hr)
  • We will study this on several models: a) TLR3 reporter cell line HEK-Blue to validate the in vivo and in vitro existence of TLR3 endogenous ligands derived from necrotic cells and tissue, b) head and neck cancer cell lines stably transfected with shRNA for TLR3 and c) cancer tissue specimens isolated from head and neck cancer patients. (irb.hr)
  • Second approach will include studying the role of TLR3 and its endogenous ligands in cancer stem cells (CSC) development and self-renewal. (irb.hr)
  • Cancer cells avoid apoptosis by a variety of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. (cancer.gov)
  • Our goal is to selectively trigger apoptosis in the cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • Additionally the Fas receptor has recently been shown to activate the nonapoptotic NF- B and MAP kinase pathways upon receptor stimulation in either Type I or Type II cells. (dtic.mil)
  • We can now demonstrate that in Type I cells the recruitment of DISC largely occurs after the receptor has moved into an endosomal compartment and blocking internalization prevents formation of the DISC. (dtic.mil)
  • Consequently dimerization of Fas complexes does not induce internalization of Fas nor apoptosis but is sufficient to induce nonapoptotic-signaling pathways and increases motility and invasiveness of tumor cells. (dtic.mil)
  • Y134 also induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells without having an effect on cell cycle regulation. (oregonstate.edu)
  • 14.7K protects NIH 3T3 cells from TNF-induced apoptosis. (jci.org)
  • As compared to passage-matched control cells, SWCNT-transformed BEAS-2B cells exhibited resistance to apoptosis induced by death ligands, e.g., tumor necrosis factor-a and Fas ligand, but not by inducers of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, e.g., antimycin A and cisplatin, suggesting death receptor pathway as the primary pathway of defective apoptosis in SWCNT-transformed cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Overexpression of FLIP increased apoptosis resistance of the cells, whereas RNAi knockdown of FLIP reversed the apoptosis resistance of cells in response to death ligands. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, our study demonstrated a novel mechanism of apoptosis resistance induced by chronic exposure to SWCNT in human lung epithelial cells and identified FLIP as a key regulator of apoptosis avoidance that contributes to the development of malignant transformed phenotype. (cdc.gov)
  • RgpA, a cystein proteinase, although activating T cells through the protease-activated receptors (PARs), degradates CD27 and counteracts T cell activation mediated by CD27 and its ligand CD70. (thermofisher.com)
  • These 2 members mediate leukocyte adhesions to endothelial cells but they also serve as receptors for iC3b (inactivated C3b). (medscape.com)
  • This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • TNFRFSF6/Fas-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen-stimulated suicide of mature T cells, or both. (lu.se)
  • Only a few follicles in the human ovary survive to complete the cytodifferentiation process, with 99.9% dying by a programmed cell death mechanism called apoptosis. (glowm.com)
  • Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)
  • FasR: The Fas receptor (FasR), or CD95, is the most intensely studied member of the death receptor family. (wikipedia.org)
  • its activation triggers apoptosis as well as stimulates cancer progression. (irb.hr)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • Our approach will include combining proton or gamma-ray irradiation with the treatment with poly (I:C) and pharmacological inhibitors of endogenous ligands. (irb.hr)
  • However, apoptosis can be blocked by caspase inhibitors resulting in a "ballooning cell membrane", typical of necrosis. (news-medical.net)
  • Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) can prevent caspase activation under certain conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • The alpha subunit is localized extracellularly and mediates ligand binding while the transmembrane beta subunit contains the cytoplasmic kinase domain and mediates intracellular signaling. (rndsystems.com)
  • In addition, SRA1 mediates transcriptional coactivation of steroid receptors ligand-dependently via the steroid-binding domain (AF-2). (prospecbio.com)
  • RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Apoptosis and necrosis are characterized by different mechanisms leading to cell death. (news-medical.net)
  • The mechanisms regulating follicle growth and development are under the control of changing concentrations of ligands ( i.e. hormones and growth factors). (glowm.com)
  • Since resistance to apoptosis is a foundation of neoplastic evolution and selection of malignant transformed phenotype, we investigated the apoptosis pathway underlying the resistance its mechanisms to aid the understanding of SWCNT-induced carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast to the expression of other TNFR/TNF family members, expression of CD27 and its ligand CD70 is predominantly confined to lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • Some reports have suggested that the extrinsic Fas pathway is sufficient to induce complete apoptosis in certain cell types through DISC assembly and subsequent caspase-8 activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Receptor internalization is not required for NF- B and Erk12 activation. (dtic.mil)
  • Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), the pivotal commitment point to cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. (nature.com)
  • High expression levels of CD27 appear to be dependent on proper ligation of antigen receptors. (thermofisher.com)
  • We found a significant correlation between the degree of villous atrophy, morphometrically evaluated, and the level of enterocyte apoptosis, suggesting that mucosal flattening is a consequence of exaggerated epithelial cell death. (nih.gov)
  • Its binding with Fas receptor (FasR) induces programmed cell death in the FasR-carrying target cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • This trimerization usually leads to apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon ensuing death domain (DD) aggregation, the receptor complex is internalized via the cellular endosomal machinery. (wikipedia.org)
  • A growing number of receptors belonging to the TNF receptor family have been identified that contain a conserved cytoplasmic death domain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These include Fas, TNF-R1, lymphocyte-associated receptor of death (LARD), DR4, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor inducer of cell killing-2 (TRICK2). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Studies show that necrotic death is induced by a ligand binding to a receptor, such as when apoptosis is initiated. (news-medical.net)
  • The "death receptors", which typically cause cell death by apoptosis, can be activated by ligands, such as TNF. (news-medical.net)
  • Necroptosis can therefore start in an apoptosis-like manner, but result in necrotic-like cell death. (news-medical.net)
  • Involvement of Up-regulation of Death Receptors and Bim in Hispolon-mediated TNF-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand Sensitization in Human Renal Carcinoma. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Hispolon induced up-regulation of Bim and death receptors expression at the post-translational level. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • TNF-mediated apoptosis is initiated by ligand-induced recruitment of TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD), Fas-associated death domain (FADD), and caspase-8 to the death domain of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), thereby establishing the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). (jci.org)
  • Within this complex, procaspase-8 and -10 are activated by autoproteolytic cleavage and initiate the caspase cascade leading to apoptosis (42). (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Active caspase-8 is then released from the DISC into the cytosol, where it cleaves other effector caspases, eventually leading to DNA degradation, membrane blebbing, and other hallmarks of apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusion: BZM can greatly enhance the efficacy of LDM against multiple myeloma by increasing the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, and remarkably increase the apoptosis induced by LDM through further activation of ERS. (researchgate.net)
  • The Insulin Receptor (INS R) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1 R) constitute a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (1‑4). (rndsystems.com)
  • Three independent mutations involving the apoptosis-1 (APO-1)/Fas receptor or its putative ligand have led to lupuslike diseases associated with lymphadenopathy in different strains of mice. (jci.org)
  • IGF-1R is a tyrosine kinase receptor that binds either IGF1 or IGF2. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • These results reveal that, while APO-1/Fas may play an important role in the regulation of lymphocyte survival in SLE, no consistent defect in the expression or function of the receptor could be detected in these studies. (jci.org)
  • It is a defect in the expression of ligands for selectins due to lack of enzymes required for expression of selectin ligands. (medscape.com)
  • TLR3 agonists are currently being investigated as potential novel cancer therapy adjuvants and apoptosis inducers. (irb.hr)
  • INS R is highly conserved between species, rat INS R shares 94% and 97% aa sequence homology with the human and mouse receptor, respectively. (rndsystems.com)
  • The two receptors share structural similarity as well as overlapping intracellular signaling events, and are believed to have evolved through gene duplication from a common ancestral gene. (rndsystems.com)
  • The intracellular region contains the kinase domain sandwiched between the juxtamembrane domain used for docking insulin-receptor substrates (IRS), and the carboxy-terminal tail that contains two phosphotyrosine-binding sites. (rndsystems.com)
  • Apoptosis can be triggered by the engagement of cell surface receptors by their ligands. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We previously reported that raloxifene, an estrogen receptor modulator, is also a ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). (oregonstate.edu)
  • We performed structure-activity studies with seven raloxifene analogs to better understand the structural requirements of raloxifene for induction of AhR-mediated transcriptional activity and apoptosis. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In this project we will explore the role of TLR3 activation in cancer development by focusing on the role of its endogenous ligands. (irb.hr)
  • This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic contribution of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene promoter (-1031, -863 and -857) and TNF receptor 2 gene polymorphisms in endometriosis susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
  • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-TNF receptor gene polymorphisms and their serum levels in Korean women with endometriosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Breast cancer tumors that do not express hormone receptors or have amplification of Her2/Neu (so called triple-negative tumors) have a poor prognosis and no validated molecular targets. (cancer.gov)