• We conclude that LL-37 is rapidly internalized by MG63 cells and accumulates in mitochondria, and that the peptide triggers release of pro-apoptotic AIF and directly affects mitochondrial membrane structural properties. (lu.se)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)
  • It does not have the morphological characteristics of typical necrosis, such as swelling of the cytoplasm and organelles and rupture of the cell membrane, nor does it have the characteristics of traditional cell apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies and disintegration of the cytoskeleton. (nature.com)
  • There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • 2013). Apoptosis is induced intrinsically by the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the inter-membrane space of the mitochondrion (eg. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • While it is well understood that doxorubicin activates p53 and induces cell-cycle arrest, we observed that cell-cycle arrest disabled inactivation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members by vincristine. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The addition of a pan-caspase inhibitor (zVAD-fmk) did not suppress the denbinobin-induced apoptotic effect, and denbinobin-induced apoptosis was not accompanied by processing of procaspase-3, -6, -7, -9, and -8. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The release of mitochondrial-intermembrane-space pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cytochrome c , is a key step in initiating apoptosis. (biologists.com)
  • Bax, a pro-apoptotic member of Bcl-2 family proteins, plays a central role in the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Apoptotic signals induce the translocation of Bax from cytosol into the mitochondria, which triggers the release of apoptogenic molecules such as cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor, AIF. (korea.ac.kr)
  • The apoptotic response of cells can be induced by the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathway, the former being mediated by the mitochondria and the latter activated by ligand stimulation of death receptors at the cell surface [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This article gives a comprehensive review of apoptosis, its mechanisms, how defects along the apoptotic pathway contribute to carcinogenesis and how apoptosis can be used as a vehicle of targeted treatment in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is characterized by permeabilisation of the mitochondria and release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. (geneontology.org)
  • The intrinsic apoptotic pathway has been chosen for a Reference Genome project as the curation work will complement and inform a planned apoptosis content meeting scheduled for June the 1st, assisted by domain experts from the Apo-Sys Consortium. (geneontology.org)
  • In the intrinsic pathway, several adverse factors act upon mitochondria to cause loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in leakage into the cytosol of cytochrome C (Cyto C), which together with apoptotic protease activating factor 1 forms the apoptosome that activates caspase-9. (cdc.gov)
  • Altogether, we have demonstrated that CaM antagonists enhance TRA-8-induced apoptosis of TRA-8-resistant pancreatic cancer cells by increasing DR5 expression and enhancing recruitment of apoptotic signal while decreasing survival signals in DR5-associated DISC. (oncotarget.com)
  • by second-generation chimeric antisense oligonucleotides resulted in a marked amplification of TRAIL-induced apoptotic changes, like activation of caspase-3, dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. (uni-greifswald.de)
  • TRAIL, Tumor necrosis factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In a second project we are investigating the induction of apoptosis by activation of death receptors for the ligand TRAIL in breast and ovarian cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • We have shown that most breast and ovarian cancer cell lines are resistant to the induction of apoptosis by TRAIL, the ligand for the death receptors DR4 and DR5. (cancer.gov)
  • The extrinsic pathway is mediated by a variety of death receptor ligands, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Fas ligand (FaSL), that trigger apoptosis by binding to cell surface receptors. (cdc.gov)
  • In dieser Hinsicht ist „tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand" (TRAIL) ein aussichtsreicher Kandidat, da er selektiv toxisch auf Tumorzellen wirkt. (uni-greifswald.de)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a highly promising candidate for the treatment of cancer. (uni-greifswald.de)
  • AIF translocates to the nucleus when apoptosis is induced and induces mitochondria to release the apoptogenic proteins cytochrome c and caspase-9. (thermofisher.com)
  • AIF induces chromatin condensation and large scale DNA fragmentation, which are the hallmarks of apoptosis, of the isolated nucleus and the nucleus in live cells by microinjection and apoptosis stimuli. (thermofisher.com)
  • During injury stimulation, the major effects on the cardiac function may be those involving mitochondria-dominated events along with potential nucleus-governed genetic/epigenetic alternations within the cardiomyocytes as well as the macrophage-led inflammation and T-cell-led immune responses underlying the myocardium-vessel interactive cascade. (hindawi.com)
  • propose a mechanism in which DNA damage induces PARP-1 activation leading to NAD + consumption that is sensed by mitochondria and results in AIF translocation to the nucleus, nuclear condensation and death. (the-scientist.com)
  • In this study, we showed that the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus is required for As 2 O 3 -induced cell death in human cervical cancer cells. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • The treatment of human cervical cancer cells with As 2 O 3 induces dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m ), translocation of AIF from mitochondria to the nucleus, and subsequent cell death. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • However, denbinobin triggered the translocation of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria into the nucleus. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • In this application, we present the first evidence that HNE upregulation following cardiac I/R injury activates the translocation of AIFm2 from the mitochondria to the nucleus. (lsuhs.edu)
  • Therefore, we hypothesize that HNE adduction to AIFm2 mediates mitochondrial stress signaling through translocation of AIFm2 from mitochondria to the nucleus and contributes to the pathogenesis of heart failure following I/R injury. (lsuhs.edu)
  • In U87 and U251 cells, TMZ (200 μM) induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), which was accompanied by BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and FOXO3a accumulation in nucleus. (chinaphar.com)
  • These redox alterations were found to inhibit TNF-induced IκB-α phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, thus presumably inhibiting expression of genes necessary to inhibit the cytotoxic effects of TNF. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and a target of the transcription factor c‑Myc, which is highly expressed in TNBC and promotes aerobic glycolysis by enhancing HK2 expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Expression levels of HK2, glucose transporter 1, TXNIP, c‑Myc and mitochondria‑regulated apoptosis pathway proteins were measured through western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These findings demonstrate that in addition to their functions at mitochondria, Bax and Bak also localize to the ER and function to initiate a parallel pathway of caspase activation and apoptosis. (rupress.org)
  • These data support a notion that ROS-mediated PARP-1 activation signals AIF release from mitochondria, resulting in activation of a caspase-independent pathway of cell death in solid tumor cells by As 2 O 3 treatment. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Taken together, our findings suggest that denbinobin induces apoptosis of human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells via DNA damage and an AIF-mediated pathway. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Several lines of evidence suggest that apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrion-associated protein (AIFm2), a p53 target gene, a redox-responsive protein that resides in mitochondria and plays a central role in the caspase-independent cell death pathway. (lsuhs.edu)
  • It is well known that cells can die of apoptosis primarily through the extrinsic death receptor-induced pathway and/or the intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway [6]. (cellbasedassayblog.com)
  • Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying pioglitazone hydrochloride-mediated amelioration of renal IRI with respect to the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and inflammatory response using a rat model. (frontiersin.org)
  • BCL2 proteins are described as 'crucial regulators of apoptosis' (PMID:15868100)and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, which results in the activation of caspases (15102863) - help in generating a defintion for intrinsic apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
  • Shouldn't we have an apoptosis signalling pathway terms? (geneontology.org)
  • Apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondria-associated 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIFM3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subcellular fractionation and Western blot disclose that stimulation with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h triggers release of the mitochondrial protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cytosol, whereas LL-37 causes no release of cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV of the inner mitochondrial membrane, suggesting that LL-37 affects mitochondrial membrane. (lu.se)
  • Western blot analysis showed activation of proapoptotic factors including Fas, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), caspase 3, 8 and 9, BID and BAX. (cdc.gov)
  • Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
  • The present results suggested that 3‑BrPA promoted TXNIP protein expression and reduced HK2 expression in TNBC cells by downregulating c‑Myc expression, inhibiting glycolysis including suppressing lactate generation, intracellular ATP generation and HK activity, inducing mitochondrial‑mediated apoptosis and eventually suppressing TNBC cell proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) kills cells by inducing translocation of a mitochondrial suicide protein. (the-scientist.com)
  • Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), named for its involvement in cell death pathways, is a mitochondrial protein that regulates metabolic homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These studies will not only extend our understanding of the fundamental mechanism by which these protein adducts are regulated in the myocardium but will also provide a solid rationale towards the specific putative binding sites available on AIFm2 in regulating NADH oxidoreductase activity during I/R injury-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress. (lsuhs.edu)
  • BNIP3 (Bcl-2/ adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3) is a receptor accounting for priming damaged mitochondria for autophagic removal. (chinaphar.com)
  • These findings indicate that MUC16 protects EOC cells against TRAIL-induced apoptosis through multiple mechanisms including the blockade of TRAIL R2 expression and the regulation of cFLIP expression at both the transcriptional and the protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • how to decide whether a protein is involved in '+ve reg of apoptosis or induction ([GO:0006917])?emily. (geneontology.org)
  • WBV exposure resulted in a significant reduction in number of developing follicles, and decrease in circulating estradiol concentrations, ovarian luteinizing hormone receptor protein levels, and marked changes in transcript levels for several factors involved in follicular development, cell cycle, and steroidogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptosis induced by tungsten carbide-cobalt nanoparticle s in JB6 cells involves ROS generation through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptosis induced by WC-Co nanoparticle s and fine particles involves both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • In summary we have shown the heterogeneity of p53 in extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Next, we investigated release of AIF and cytochrome C from isolated mitochondria by measuring immunoreactivity by dot blot. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, PAR polymer specifically induces AIF release, but not cytochrome c from isolated brain mitochondria. (inforang.com)
  • If both drugs are applied simultaneously, doxorubicin inhibits apoptosis induction of vincristine. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Because BIP inhibits Bax translocation and Bax-mediated release of cytochrome C, BIP suppresses Bax-dependent apoptosis. (korea.ac.kr)
  • MUC16 decreases TRAIL receptor R2 (DR5) expression and inhibits pro-caspase-8 activation at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. (nature.com)
  • The pathophysiological nature of MIRI is the short-term disturbance of myocardial energy and metabolism caused by reflow after ischemia and hypoxia in the coronary artery and the dynamic changes in apoptosis and the prosurvival signaling pathways in response to related injury factors. (hindawi.com)
  • The mechanism of apoptosis is complex and involves many pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, these results suggest that oxidation of the intracellular environment of hepatocytes by reactive oxygen species or redox-modulating agents interferes with NF-κB signaling pathways to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF-induced apoptosis. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • To investigate whether carbamate pesticides also induce apoptosis in human T lymphocytes, in the present study Jurkat human T cells were treated in vitro with thiram, maneb, carbaryl or ziram. (researchgate.net)
  • The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we report the effects of PAR polymer on mitochondria in cells in situ and isolated brain mitochondria in vitro. (inforang.com)
  • ONC201 kills breast cancer cells in vitro by targeting mitochondria. (cancer.gov)
  • ABSTRACT To investigate the effects of silymarin on follicular development, we enrolled 40 healthy women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to male factor infertility in this trial. (who.int)
  • RÉSUMÉ Pour étudier les effets de la silymarine sur le développement folliculaire, nous avons recruté 40 femmes en bonne santé subissant une fécondation in vitro (FIV) en raison d'une infertilité masculine. (who.int)
  • We investigated the importance of p53 in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling, via a variety of molecular biological approaches (Wachter et al. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • With great interest we discovered that the replacement of wildtype p53 by mutant p53 did not disturb the extrinsic apoptosis inducing capacity. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The extrinsic apoptosis by TRAIL was increased in senescent tumor cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The impact of the p53 status of tumor cells on extrinsic apoptosis signaling should be considered, especially in the context of therapeutic approaches that aim to restore p53 function to enable cell death. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Deregulation of the apoptosis machinery and evasion of apoptosis is a general mechanism in cancer. (cellbasedassayblog.com)
  • An understanding of the underlying mechanism of apoptosis is important as it plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • they found that cells from the knockout mice failed to undergo apoptosis and lacked nuclear translocation of the mitochondrial flavoprotein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) . (the-scientist.com)
  • We investigated the effects of calmodulin(CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine(TFP) and tamoxifen(TMX), on TRA-8-induced apoptosis and tumorigenesis of TRA-8-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, and underlying mechanisms. (oncotarget.com)
  • Dysregulation of apoptosis of tumor cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and their resistance to therapies [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our lab is also investigating the role of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), a gasotransmitter abundant in the cardiovascular system, (playing an essential role in maintaining the redox balance of the heart) in methamphetamine induced oxidative stress as a precursor of pro-arrhythmic substrate in the heart. (lsuhs.edu)
  • Accumulated evidence indicates that oxidative stress in mitochondria plays a vital role in cardiac injury, but how mitochondrial redox mechanisms are involved in cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. (lsuhs.edu)
  • Specific Aim #1: Determine the binding motif that mediates the translocation of AIFm2 from mitochondria following oxidative stress. (lsuhs.edu)
  • In addition, we showed that treatment with TMZ (100 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip) for 12 days in C6 cell xenograft mice markedly inhibited tumor growth accompanied by inducing FOXO3a upregulation, oxidative stress and BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in tumor tissues. (chinaphar.com)
  • In males, WBV resulted in a significant reduction in spermatids and circulating prolactin levels, elevation in number of males having higher circulating testosterone concentrations, and marked alterations in levels of transcripts associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and factors involved in regulating the cell cycle. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptosis is characterized by several morphological nuclear changes including chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Previous studies suggest that PAR polymer heralds mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release and thereby, sig-nals neuronal cell death. (inforang.com)
  • In this study, we observed that BIP inhibited staurosporine-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebral cortex and cerebellar granule cells, but BIP failed to rescue granule cells from trophic signal deprivation-induced neuronal death, although both staurosporine-induced and trophic signal deprivation-induced neuronal death are dependent on Bax. (korea.ac.kr)
  • A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
  • Apoptosis was partially blocked by the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO. (hindawi.com)
  • MUC16 knockdown decreases caspase-8 inhibitor cFLIP mRNA levels, increases cFLIP degradation, and consequently increases TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Redox changes seem to be important in sensitizing primary hepatocytes, because diamide, a thiol-oxidizing agent, and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of GSSG reductase, also increased TNF-induced apoptosis in cultured primary hepatocytes at sublethal doses. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • 2 In addition, hypoxia induces genetic instability by the induction of fragile sites causing gene amplification. (bmj.com)
  • 2) We investigate induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by TRAIL receptor agonists. (cancer.gov)
  • Most chemotherapies act by the induction of apoptosis. (cellbasedassayblog.com)
  • should the term ['GO:0006919] activation of caspase activity' be a child of positive regulation of apoptosis or induction of apoptosis rather than directly to apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
  • when looking at experimental data - often counting number of cells they've died and committed to apoptosis so how can we work out induction or positive regulation? (geneontology.org)
  • Ces patientes ont été soumises à une induction d'ovulation et ont reçu, sur la base d'une répartition aléatoire et en aveugle, de la silymarine (70 mg × 3 fois par jour) ou un placebo, dès le début du cycle d'induction. (who.int)
  • We showed that denbinobin induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) in a concentration-dependent manner. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • As a next step we studied the influence of cell cycle arrest induced by p53 activation on TRAIL apoptosis sensitivity (Ehrhardt/Wachter et al. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • 2013). Cell cycle arrest was induced in tumor cell lines and patient samples in G0, G1 or G2 with cytostatic drugs, phase-specific inhibitors or RNA interference against cyclinB and E. Molecular or biochemical arrest at any point of the cell cycle augmented the rate of apoptosis by TRAIL. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • We have demonstrated that resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis can be overcome by co-incubation of the cells with chemotherapeutic agents, semi-synthetic retinoids (such as 4HPR), or molecularly targeted agents (such as anti-ErbB-2 antibodies). (cancer.gov)
  • In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which MUC16 attenuates TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that MUC16 attenuates apoptosis, activation of caspase-8 and mitochondria activation in EOC cells in response to TRAIL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Down-regulation of cFLIP following treatment of MUC16-expressing OVCAR3 cells with cFLIP siRNA also increases TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we want to validate specific resistance factors of the TRAIL-induced apoptosis of PC3 prostate cancer cells. (uni-greifswald.de)
  • represents a considerable resistance factor with respect to TRAIL in prostate cancer cells and a promising target to amplify the antineoplastic effects of TRAIL. (uni-greifswald.de)
  • N-acetyl-L-cystein, a thiol-containing antioxidant, completely blocks As 2 O 3 -induced PARP-1 activation, Δψ m loss, nuclear translocation of AIF from mitochondria, and the consequent cell death. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Some of these mediators bind to cell surface receptors and activate nuclear factor kappa B (NF κ B), which leads to production of additional cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bax and Bak play a redundant but essential role in apoptosis initiated by the mitochondrial release of apoptogenic factors. (rupress.org)
  • Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, it follows that vincristine was unable to activate downstream apoptosis signaling. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • When recruited to the DISC, pro-caspase-8 becomes activated and subsequently activates downstream effectors caspases-3, -6 and -7, leading to apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • insulin induced gene 2 [Source:HGNC Sym. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • This study was designed to examine the constrictive potential of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) in regulating changes imposed on gene expression in the selenite-induced cataract model. (molvis.org)
  • We investigated the effect of doxorubicin (DOX), a DNA-damaging anticancer drug, on apoptosis and the expression of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 3 (MT-ND3) and cytochrome b (MT-CYB) in model CML cells showing imatinib resistance caused by Y253H mutation in the BCR-ABL1 gene (253) or culturing imatinib-sensitive (S) cells in increasing concentrations of imatinib (AR). (temple.edu)
  • The versatile regulation of intracellular redox components is the primary factor in lens homeostasis. (molvis.org)
  • As 2 O 3 also induces an increase of intracellular ROS level and a marked activation of PARP-1. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • TMZ treatment induced intracellular ROS accumulation in U87 and U251 cells via enhancing mitochondrial superoxide, which not only contributed to DNA DSBs and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, but also upregulated FOXO3a expression. (chinaphar.com)
  • MUC16 expression in EOC cells is associated with increased tumorigenesis and inhibiton of genotoxic drug-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, we studied the impact of p53 activation on the rate of apoptosis induced by combinations of cytostatic drugs (Ehrhardt, Schrembs, Moritz, Wachter et al. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • We also showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation is necessary for AIF release from mitochondria. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Pro-caspase-8 activation can directly result in cleavage of caspase-3 to execute apoptosis (type I cells) or cleave Bid to produce a truncated form (tBid), which induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria leading to caspase-9 and subsequent caspase-3 activation (type II cells) as it is the case for EOC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) can prevent caspase activation under certain conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, TMX/TFP increased TRA-8-induced DISC recruitment/activation of caspase-8. (oncotarget.com)
  • During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
  • 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)
  • Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, such as in ischemic damage, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer. (geneontology.org)
  • Cancer is one of the scenarios where too little apoptosis occurs, resulting in malignant cells that will not die. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 permeabilizes the plasma membrane of host cells, but LL-37-induced direct effects on mitochondrial membrane permeability and function has not been reported. (lu.se)
  • Catalase exhibited an inhibitory effect on WC-Co nanoparticle -induced ROS as well as mitochondrial membrane permeability damage. (cdc.gov)
  • These data suggest that administration of silymarin in IVF patients concomitantly with gonadotropin results in reduction of granolusa cell apoptosis but does not have any effect in promotion of follicular development, oocyte retrieval or endometrial thickness. (who.int)
  • The media of mitochondria treated with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h contained 50% more AIF and three times more cytochrome C than that of control mitochondria, showing that LL-37 promotes release of both AIF and cytochrome C. Moreover, in vesicles reflecting mitochondrial membrane lipid composition, LL-37 stimulates membrane permeabilization and release of tracer molecules. (lu.se)
  • Neutrophil apoptosis may be inhibited, enhancing the release of inflammatory mediators. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As described in the literature, wildtype p53 leaded to an increase in intrinsic cell death, whereas different p53 mutations reduced apoptosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • PARP-1 also induces cell death in a number of physiological contexts. (the-scientist.com)
  • Although mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 )-induced cell death have been studied extensively in hematologic cancers, those in solid cancers have yet to be clearly defined. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Small interfering RNA targeting of AIF effectively protects cervical cancer cells against As 2 O 3 -induced cell death. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Knockdown of FOXO3a aggravated TMZ-induced DNA DSBs and mitochondrial damage, as well as glioma cell death. (chinaphar.com)
  • Cell death, particularly apoptosis, is probably one of the most widely-studied subjects among cell biologists. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death involving the degradation of cellular constituents by a group of cysteine proteases called caspases. (geneontology.org)
  • In other cells, apoptosis may be augmented, increasing cell death and thus worsening organ function. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
  • Analysis of TRA-8-induced death-inducing-signaling-complex (DISC) identified recruitment of survival signals, CaM/Src, into DR5-associated DISC, which was inhibited by TMX/TFP. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
  • Apoptosis is an ordered and orchestrated cellular process that occurs in physiological and pathological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because imatinib induces apoptosis, which may be coupled with mitochondria and DNA damage is a prototype apoptosis-inducing factor, we hypothesized that imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cells might differentially express apoptosis-related mitochondrially encoded genes in response to genotoxic stress. (temple.edu)