• As one of the first pioneers of cell lineage, in the 1960s Dr. Sydney Brenner first began observing cell differentiation and succession in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Initial results showed that the nematode was eutelic (each individual experiences the same differentiation pathways), however work by Sulston and Richard Horvitz showed that several cells necessary for reproduction differentiate after hatching. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accumulation of genetic defects in hematopoietic precursors leads to impaired cellular differentiation, increased proliferative potential, unregulated proliferation, and defective apoptosis. (medscape.com)
  • Class II mutations cause defects in myeloid cell differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, we discovered a novel signaling pathway that regulates the differentiation of adult neural stem cells into neurons (Ashton). (ca.gov)
  • 2012) "Soft Microenvironments Promote the Early Neurogenic Differentiation but not Self-renewal of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. (ca.gov)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show trilineage differentiation because these cells differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. (nature.com)
  • We discovered that activation of BMP signaling promotes the exit of DIPG tumor cells from 'prolonged stem-cell-like' state to differentiation by epigenetically regulating CXXC5, which acts as a tumor suppressor and positive regulator of BMP signaling. (nature.com)
  • Thus, targeting the prolonged stem-cell-like state of DIPG cells to differentiation has been proposed as a potential strategy for DIPG treatment. (nature.com)
  • Mouse studies have suggested that Acvr1 G328V cooperates with Hist1h3b K27M and Pik3ca H1047R to generate high-grade diffuse gliomas, specifically by arresting the differentiation of oligodendroglial lineage cells 16 . (nature.com)
  • Reduced NLRP7 levels alter DNA methylation and accelerate trophoblast lineage differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Remyelination is a regenerative process resulting from successful differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) into myelinating oligodendrocytes that can repair demyelinated lesions. (nih.gov)
  • Loss of E-cadherin led cells migrate faster along the crypt-villus axis and perturbed cellular differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • At the cellular level, the mesenchymal stem cell pool in the bone marrow niche shows a biased differentiation into adipogenesis at the cost of osteogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The encoded protein is likely associated with apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition or cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Mao, Hai-Quan This work surveyed the potential of using exogenous pulsed electrical field stimuli to guide the differentiation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived-neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) towards their neuronal lineage. (jhu.edu)
  • Abnormal proliferation, clonal expansion, aberrant differentiation, and diminished apoptosis (programmed cell death) lead to replacement of normal blood elements with malignant cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)
  • T cell differentiation. (cdc.gov)
  • miR-203 drives breast cancer cell differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • At the cellular and whole organ level, degenerative changes that are a hallmark of natural aging (shorter telomeres, increased expression of cellular senescence markers, increased DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, accompanied by diminished elasticity) reach pathological levels in aging humans in the form of chronic respiratory disease. (karger.com)
  • In this proposal we will use downregulation and overexpression of SPI1 in microglial cells, mimicking the human genetics findings, and analyze diverse cellular functions - phagocytosis (uptake, degradation), cell viability, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response, to define SPI1 role in microglia at the cellular level. (brightfocus.org)
  • STAT3 is upregulated in MM and increases the expression of genes involved proliferation, angiogenesis and evasion of apoptosis. (confex.com)
  • Cutaneous infiltration by neoplastic lymphocytes may be seen in acute myeloid leukemia , acute lymphocytic leukemia , chronic myeloid leukemia , chronic lymphoid leukemia , hairy cell leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes . (medscape.com)
  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of an abnormally differentiated, long-lived myeloid progenitor cell results in high circulating numbers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Leukemia cutis is defined by migration of leukemic cells to the skin. (medscape.com)
  • The pathophysiology underlying the specific migration of leukemic cells to the skin is not clear. (medscape.com)
  • Independent regulation of tumor cell migration by matrix stiffness and confinement. (ca.gov)
  • This protein promotes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby playing a role in cell migration and growth. (cancerindex.org)
  • Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • MAGEH1 reduced HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. (nih.gov)
  • Through the TGF-β signaling pathway, the SMAD3 protein also influences many aspects of cellular processes, including cell growth and division (proliferation), cell movement (migration), and controlled cell death (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • 2011) Inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatases and apoptosis reprogram lineage-marked differentiated muscle to myogenic progenitor cells. (ca.gov)
  • Adult p107-null mice had elevated numbers of proliferating progenitor cells in their lateral ventricles. (rupress.org)
  • In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)
  • Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet, but not enteroendocrine, cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of an abnormally differentiated, long-lived hematopoietic progenitor cell results in a high circulating number of blasts, replacement of normal marrow by malignant cells, and the potential for leukemic infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) and testes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Likewise, these cells give rise to progenitor cells committed to a particular cell lineage, and play a crucial role in tissue repair and homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • VP79s was found to induce apoptosis in NCI-H929 and U266B1 MM cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (confex.com)
  • In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
  • the lymphoid lineage in virtue of their ability to induce apoptosis of these cancerous cells [1C3]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • In this review, we examine aging as a process dependent on specific changes in molecular pathways within multiple lung cell populations. (karger.com)
  • The poor performance of stem cells in an aged organ, such as skeletal muscle, is caused by the changes in regulatory pathways such as Notch, MAPK and TGF‐β, where old differentiated tissues and blood circulation inhibit the regenerative performance of organ stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • Also, we are developing optogenetic tools to investigate signaling pathways involved in stem cell fate decisions (Bugaj). (ca.gov)
  • Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
  • It was also demonstrated that USF1 directly binds to the promoter region of 2,492 genes, which may be involved in the viral progression and cell proliferation pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • An evolving paradigm expanding the genetic basis of cancer suggests that developmental programs indelibly imprint restricted repertoires of homeostasis, forming the substrate for lineage-dependent tumor induction by deregulation of tissue-specific survival pathways. (jefferson.edu)
  • Regulated cell death (RCD) relies on activation and recruitment of pore-forming proteins (PFPs) that function as executioners of specific cell death pathways: apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX), BCL-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL-2-related ovarian killer protein (BOK) for apoptosis, gasdermins (GSDMs) for pyroptosis and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) for necroptosis. (ugent.be)
  • P. Vandenabeele, G. Bultynck, and S. Savvides, "Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways," NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY , 2023. (ugent.be)
  • As the major cell precursors in osteogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are indispensable for bone homeostasis and development. (nature.com)
  • T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) arises from leukemic transformation and expansion of immature T-cell precursors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This widespread expression of CD117 in hematopoietic precursors is consistent with the participation of c-Kit and its ligand in the regulation of several hematopoietic lineages. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Accumulation and deposition of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) within the mind causes neuronal apoptosis and finally results in Alzheimer's illness (AD). (ncbcs.org)
  • The effect of microglial cells with differential SPI1 expression on other brain cell types will be assessed in vitro by analyzing reactivity of astrocytes and viability of neuronal cells. (brightfocus.org)
  • This research also led to the initial observations of programmed cell death, or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • They later received the 2002 Nobel prize for their work in genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. elegans contain 302 neurons and 959 somatic cells, where they begin with 1031, where 72 undergo apoptosis which is programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
  • Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Apoptosis, as the most common type of programmed cell death during embryonic development, plays a number of key roles during odontogenesis, ranging from the budding of the oral epithelium during tooth initiation, to later tooth germ morphogenesis and removal of enamel knot signaling center. (muni.cz)
  • In the present study, the potential of using exosomes isolated from adipose‑derived stem cells (ADSCs) as a therapeutic tool for reducing chronic inflammation and promoting chondrogenesis was investigated using patient‑derived primary cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first time that meningococci have been identified in renal interstitium and that the resulting apoptosis and inflammation have been evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
  • These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)
  • [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] Owing to the variety of hematologic malignancies or proliferative disorders that may be associated with leukemia cutis, terms such as myeloid or lymphoid leukemia cutis have been used to further classify the leukemic cells. (medscape.com)
  • The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms incorporates genetic data, clinical features, cell morphology, and immunophenotype, all of which have important implications for disease prognosis and management. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • How NLRP7-a component of the CATERPILLAR family of proteins involved in innate immunity and apoptosis-causes these specific DNA methylation and trophoblast defects is unknown. (nih.gov)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
  • Maturation and positioning of goblet cells and Paneth cells, the main cell lineage of the intestinal innate immune system, was severely disturbed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Cell lineage denotes the developmental history of a tissue or organ from the fertilized embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • In multiple organs, including the lungs, age-related tissue and organ dysfunction interferes with tissue regeneration, which requires functional stem cells. (karger.com)
  • Stem cells of all organs - including the lung, which harbors distinct stem cells for each separate tissue that makes up the lung as a whole - reside in niches described as a microenvironment that supports and maintains the 'stemness' of cells as a critical reservoir for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
  • Our work is at the stage of understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the aging of the regenerative potential of organ stem cells can be reversed by particular human embryonic factors that are capable of neutralizing the affects of aged niches on tissue regenerative capacity. (ca.gov)
  • Finally, our data suggest that muscle stem cells either do not accumulate DNA damage with age or can efficiently repair such damage, when activated for tissue regeneration. (ca.gov)
  • Thus, the use of hESC-produced pro-regenerative factors for boosting the regenerative capacity of organ stem cells is likely to yield healthy, young tissue. (ca.gov)
  • Although functional organ stem cells persist in the old, tissue damage invariably overwhelms tissue repair, ultimately causing the demise of an organism. (ca.gov)
  • Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
  • This process plays a major role in development and tissue homeostasis, and abnormal regulation of apoptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases ( Fuchs and Steller, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • To date, a lot of EZH2 variants have been found in various cell and tissue types [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Remyelinating lesions were characterized by widespread DNA fragmentation and proliferation as compared to control tissue, indicating a high degree of cell turnover during regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • Microglia are similar, but not identical to other tissue macrophages, and in this review, we will first summarize the differences in the origin, lineage and population maintenance of microglia and macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
  • But how different are microglia really from other tissue resident macrophages in terms of origin, lineage, and identity? (frontiersin.org)
  • In the next sections, we will review evidence about the origin, lineage, identity, and population dynamics of microglia compared to other tissue-resident macrophages and highlight commonalities and differences. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bone is a very dynamic and heterogeneous tissue formed by two components which are in close relationship with each other during the bone remodeling process: extracellular matrix (ECM) and bone cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been characterized as having the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different connective tissue cells, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes, under specific inductive stimuli ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In total, 1-10% of nucleated cells in adipose tissue are ADSCs, whereas only 0.0001-0.01% of nucleated cells in bone marrow are stem cells ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Bone tissue marrow-derived cells (green) had been co-localized with isolectin-positive vascular endothelial cells. (m2cobalt.com)
  • IL-4 positive cells (yellowish) are distributed in the margins from the CNVs and exactly match the positioning from the bone tissue marrow-derived cells (green). (m2cobalt.com)
  • IL-4R-positive cells (cyan) partially overlapped the bone tissue marrow-derived cells, and exactly match the positioning from the vascular endothelial cells in the CNV lesion. (m2cobalt.com)
  • of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
  • Niches are special microenvironments in tissue where stem cells are located. (bvsalud.org)
  • Likewise, the knowledge of stem cell biology is crucial to the development of stem cell therapies, based on tissue engineering applied to dentistry, seeking the regeneration of dental tissues damaged or lost by caries, trauma or genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • We identified Eiger, the Drosophila tumor necrosis factor (TNF) homolog, as the signal responsible for apoptosis-induced apoptosis (AiA). (elifesciences.org)
  • Wising C, Azem J, Zetterberg M, Svensson LA, Ahlman K, Lagergard T. Induction of apoptosis/necrosis in various human cell lineages by Haemophilus ducreyi cytolethal distending toxin. (medscape.com)
  • The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Apoptosis-related protein-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest via downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase subunits. (nih.gov)
  • While much work has focused on the failure of epithelial cell populations as a key component of the aging process, additional studies have shown that aging, as a global phenomenon in the lung, also impacts resident endothelial, mesenchymal, and immune cell populations. (karger.com)
  • Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
  • These results highlight the central function of E-cadherin in the maintenance of two components of the intestinal epithelial defense: E-cadherin is required for the proper function of the intestinal epithelial lining by providing mechanical integrity and is a prerequisite for the proper maturation of Paneth and goblet cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Using a TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) assay, we found that IDV D/OK and D/600 infections induced apoptosis in epithelial cells lining alveoli and bronchioles, as well as nonepithelial cells in lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • At the cellular level, aging is marked by depletion of adult stem cell reservoirs, the inability to maintain baseline homeostasis, a reduced response to stress, an increased accumulation of damaged DNA leading to telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction [ 1,2 ]. (karger.com)
  • This promising field may open new avenues to modulate inflammatory responses and to preserve blood cell homeostasis in the clinical setting. (haematologica.org)
  • A key role for E-cadherin in intestinal homeostasis and Paneth cell maturation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • We confirmed that typical growth factor signaling was in fact occurring in muscle cells exposed to hESC produced factors, and that hESCs produce a TGF-beta antagonist. (ca.gov)
  • Iba1 ‚Äì microglia/macrophages), proliferation (Ki67), and apoptosis/DNA damage (TUNEL assay). (nih.gov)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • This signaling pathway, called the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway, allows the environment outside the cell to affect cell function, including how the cell produces other proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The overactive signaling pathway leads to dysregulated cell proliferation and gene activation, specifically affecting blood vessel, cartilage, and skin development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • RHAMM regulates MMTV-PyMT-induced lung metastasis by connecting STING-dependent DNA damage sensing to interferon/STAT1 pro-apoptosis signaling. (medscape.com)
  • MSCs have the capacity of multiple differentiations and self-renewal and have been proven to be able to differentiate into a series of cell lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). (springer.com)
  • In 2009 beginning of 2010 we have focused on investigating what factors human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may produce that enhance regeneration and if those factors have any effects by themselves on regeneration. (ca.gov)
  • The central mission of our Berkeley CIRM Shared Stem Cell Facility (SSCF) is to provide our East Bay users with knowledge, expertise, training, and equipment to advance scientific knowledge of human embryonic stem cells, as well as other stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • Because rodents lack NLRP7, we used human embryonic stem cells to study its function and demonstrate that NLRP7 interacts with YY1, an important chromatin-binding factor. (nih.gov)
  • This type of lineage can be studied by marking a cell (with fluorescent molecules or other traceable markers) and following its progeny after cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rabbit Polyclonal to OPRD1 CNV lesions after 2 weeks were examined for lineage cell markers by immunohistochemistry. (m2cobalt.com)
  • Notably, LCH cells have been found to express markers of both resting epidermal Langerhans cells (CD1a, intracellular major histocompatibility complex II [MHCII], Birbeck granules) and activated Langerhans cells (including CD54 and CD58). (medscape.com)
  • This is based on the tracking of an organism's cellular ancestry due to the cell divisions and relocation as time progresses, this starts with the originator cells and finishing with a mature cell that can no longer divide. (wikipedia.org)
  • created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
  • We discuss the regulatory roles that apoptosis plays on various cellular processes during odontogenesis. (muni.cz)
  • These studies foster a deeper understanding how apoptotic cells affect cellular processes during normal odontogenesis, and how they contribute to dental disorders, which could lead to new avenues of treatment in the future. (muni.cz)
  • The goal of this project is to elucidate the role of microglial cells, brain-resident immune cells, in Alzheimer's disease and their protective features in disease at the cellular and molecular level. (brightfocus.org)
  • The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)
  • Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
  • Stem cells are characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal to maintain stem cell reserves, and, when required, to produce new, terminally differentiated cells. (karger.com)
  • In contrast, thymocytes that recognize self-peptide/MHC with high affinity undergo negative selection via TCR-mediated apoptosis, prompting Trinquand, dos Santos, Tran Quang, and colleagues to hypothesize that reactivation of this developmental checkpoint in T-ALL cells may have antileukemic activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The subtype of leukemia is determined by the hematopoietic lineage of neoplastic cells and the stage at which maturational arrest occurs. (medscape.com)
  • Eiger is produced in apoptotic cells and, through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, is able to propagate the initial apoptotic stimulus. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in MM can be both constitutively active due to autonomous mutations or activated by growth and survival factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), secreted by bone marrow stromal cells and other cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. (confex.com)
  • In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
  • We aim to study the coupling between LTCC and β adrenergic receptors in different cardiomyocyte microdomains, the distinct involvement of PKA and CAMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and explore how this functional complex is disrupted in heart failure.Methods:Global signaling between LTCCs and β adrenergic receptors was assessed with whole-cell current recordings and western blot analysis. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Lung failure due to aging can be traced to loss of lung stem cell regenerative capacity within the distinctive stem cell niches found within each compartment of the lung. (karger.com)
  • Current knowledge about the identity and function of these stem cell compartments has been largely drawn from a variety of transgenic and spontaneously mutated mouse models that are characterized by rapid rates of aging or have been used to examine regeneration from injury in the context of natural or accelerated aging. (karger.com)
  • In this review, we will present current data on lung aging and lung regeneration, with specific attention paid to stem cell-driven regeneration within the context of aging. (karger.com)
  • During aging, a decline in organ function can be traced to a loss of stem cell function due to increased cell turnover, depletion of stem cells, and alterations to the stem cell niche. (karger.com)
  • Project Title: The Berkeley Human Embryonic Stem Cell Shared Research Laboratory a. (ca.gov)
  • The Conboy lab studies the intersection of aging and stem cell science. (ca.gov)
  • The overall management of the CIRM Shared Stem Cell Facility CIRM SSCF is coordinated by the management oversight committee.CIRM SSCF is managed by Dr. Mary West. (ca.gov)
  • The CIRM Shared Stem Cell Facility is managed by Dr. Mary West who is responsible for training, equipment function and maintenance. (ca.gov)
  • The aims of this article are to review the current knowledge regarding therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure, to discuss recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells, and to summarize the methodological improvement of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treating liver failure. (springer.com)
  • Here, we further discuss current suggestions of the possible contribution of succinate to blood stem cell function and blood formation. (haematologica.org)
  • Here we show a novel function for Retinoblastoma family member, p107 in controlling stem cell expansion in the mammalian brain. (rupress.org)
  • Treatment typically includes combination chemotherapy to achieve remission, intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy and/or corticosteroids for CNS prophylaxis, and sometimes cerebral irradiation for intracerebral leukemic infiltration, consolidation chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation, and maintenance chemotherapy for up to 3 years to avoid relapse. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Malignant transformation usually occurs at the pluripotent stem cell level, although it sometimes involves a committed stem cell with more limited capacity for self-renewal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • and stem cell regeneration. (lu.se)
  • Some adult stem cell niches have already been described, but the majority of them remain unclear, including the dental pulp stem cell niches. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cell niche. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, further studies are required to gain complete understanding of stem cell biology, which is fundamental for the development of successful cell-based therapies 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • These colors are fluorescent and marked on the proteins by administering injections to trace such cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the next reporting period we will re-confirm that the levels of candidate proteins from the 500 antibody array actually are very highly produced by hESCs and that the signals from these proteins are perceived by regenerating muscle cells. (ca.gov)
  • In fruit flies, apoptosis is activated by proteins known as Grim, Hid and Reaper. (elifesciences.org)
  • The signaling process begins when a TGF-β protein attaches (binds) to a receptor on the cell surface, which activates a group of related SMAD proteins (including the SMAD3 protein). (medlineplus.gov)
  • These SMAD proteins combine to form a protein complex, which then moves to the cell nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One recently-completed CIRM-funded project involved directed evolution and engineering of new viral gene delivery vehicles capable of highly efficient delivery to human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • First identified in embryonic stem cells, SEs mediate pluripotent state maintenance by promoting the expression of pluripotent identity genes, including Oct4 , Sox2 , Nanog and Klf4 . (nature.com)
  • In vitro , MET overexpression activated ERK signaling and rendered BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cells resistant to vemurafenib and panitumumab, and sensitivity was restored by treatment with the MET inhibitor crizotinib. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Some organisms, such as C. elegans, have a predetermined pattern of cell progeny and the adult male will always consist of 1031 cells, this is because cell division in C. elegans is genetically determined and known as eutely. (wikipedia.org)
  • Osteocytes, which are the most abundant cells in bone, composing 90-95% of all bone cells in an adult. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By utilizing the Cre-Lox or FLP-FRT recombination systems, a reporter gene (usually encoding a fluorescent protein) is activated and permanently labels the cell of interest and its offspring cells, thus the name cell lineage tracing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nucleolar protein 2 (NOP2) is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human, and has been found to play an important role in accelerating cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and tumor aggressiveness. (umass.edu)
  • Nop2 is expressed throughout preimplantation development, with highest mRNA and protein accumulation at the 8-cell and morula stages, respectively. (umass.edu)
  • 2013) "A Modular Optogenetic Platform for Inducible Protein Clustering and Signaling Activation in Mammalian Cells. (ca.gov)
  • Although amplification of the DNA damage signal through multifactorial protein complex formation of DNA damage checkpoint factors is crucial for proper DNA damage response in two-dimensionally cultured cells, the dynamics of the DNA damage response in three-dimensional tissues or organs remained to be determined. (bioone.org)
  • From development to aging and disease, the brain parenchyma is under the constant threat of debris accumulation, in the form of dead cells and protein aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
  • GPR91 is a G protein-coupled cell surface receptor for extracellular succinate (Sucnr1). (haematologica.org)
  • A DNA vaccine expressing consensus hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein protected guinea pigs from infection by two lineages of influenza D virus. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we designed a DNA vaccine expressing consensus hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) protein (FluD-Vax) and tested its protective efficacy against two lineages of IDV (D/OK and D/660) in guinea pigs. (cdc.gov)
  • BRCA1, another essential protein in HR, was suppressed by miR-182 in breasts cancers cells [49]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)
  • The SMAD3 gene provides instructions for making a protein involved in transmitting chemical signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ultimately, these defects result in arrest of cell maturation and expansion of a clonal cell population. (medscape.com)
  • As a result, the pathologic cells of LCH have been hypothesized to represent Langerhans cells in a state of arrested maturation. (medscape.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are activated by secreted, active transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ) to migrate to bone-resorptive sites and differentiate into osteoblasts (see below). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pre-osteoblasts, a heterogeneous population of cells, including those transitioning from MSCs to mature osteoblasts, which express the transcription factor runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) , a key player in the osteogenesis process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Osteoblasts, polarized cuboidal cells specialized for the active secretion of ECM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once the osteoid mineralizes, the osteocytes are trapped there and form an extensive network with each other, with osteoblasts, and with the lining cells on the bone surface (explained below). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro neurosphere assays revealed striking increases in the number of neurosphere forming cells from p107 −/− brains that exhibited enhanced capacity for self-renewal. (rupress.org)
  • Cells with MET amplification were resistant to EGFR, BRAF, and MEK inhibitors alone or in combination, and crizotinib, which had no effect alone, reduced cell viability in combination with vemurafenib. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A better understanding of remyelination-associated glial cell turnover dynamics may aid in the discovery of relevant biomarkers to meet this clinical need. (nih.gov)
  • These results provide the foundation for future investigation of the role of cell death in brain regeneration as well as biomarkers that may be used to track that process, such as cell-free DNA. (nih.gov)
  • We will use microglial-specific ablation of SPI1 in mice to confirm and expand our findings in cells by analyzing the transcriptome and different biomarkers with immunohistochemistry. (brightfocus.org)
  • In 1868, Paul Langerhans discovered the epidermal dendritic cells that now bear his name. (medscape.com)
  • Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
  • We also show that during coordinated cell death of hair follicle cells in mice, TNF-α is expressed in apoptotic cells and is required for normal cell death. (elifesciences.org)
  • Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
  • To explore whether apoptotic cells could communicate with other cells, Pérez-Garijo et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
  • Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is at the core of the brain regenerative response. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the distribution and function of apoptotic cells during odontogenesis in several vertebrate lineages, with a special focus on amniotes (mammals and reptiles). (muni.cz)
  • Other organisms had stereotyped patterns of cell division and produced sublineages which were the progeny of particular precursor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of thousands of DIPG tumor cells containing H3K27M mutations showed that most of these tumor cells resemble oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC-like)-a cell type that exhibits obviously enhanced proliferation and tumor-propagating potential compared with other cell subsets in tumor samples 9 . (nature.com)
  • Because it is such a diverse population of cells, a fundamental question is whether they have a common precursor or whether each macrophage population develops from a different precursor. (frontiersin.org)
  • More recently, researchers have begun using synthetic biology approaches and the CRISPR/Cas9 system to engineer new genetic systems that enable cells to autonomously record lineage information in their own genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previously, he was the Principal Investigator and lead of his lab at The Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) . (lifeboat.com)
  • Further study will be required in the future to better understand succinate biology in blood cells. (haematologica.org)
  • These more variable cell fates are thought to be due to the cells' interaction with the environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ident- cult to deduce interaction rules from observations of the ified transcription factors for specific cell fates are, for entire system. (lu.se)
  • VP79s showed selective cytotoxicity in patient derived MM cells compared to normal donor lymphocytes and reduced the viability of MM patient samples in a dose-responsive manner suggesting its potential as an anti-MM therapeutic. (confex.com)
  • A critical requirement for developing such agents is to identify druggable targets required for the proliferation or survival of tumor cells, but not of other cell types. (cancerindex.org)
  • It is therefore conceivable that the inhibition of the function of these genes may specifically affect the proliferation and survival of brain tumor cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Silencing of the EBF3 locus was observed in brain, colorectal, breast, liver, and bone tumor cell lines and its reactivation was achieved on treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A in a significant portion of these tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In this study, a toxin-induced model of demyelination was used to profile oligodendrocyte cell death and OPC proliferation dynamics over the course of remyelination, from initial demyelinating injury to near-complete myelin regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • NOP2-deficient embryos exhibit reduced blastomere numbers, greatly increased apoptosis, and impaired cell-lineage specification. (umass.edu)
  • We also review apoptosis-associated molecular signaling during tooth development, including its relationship with the autophagic pathway. (muni.cz)
  • This review will focus on the most recent/relevant molecular findings driving this functional impairment of mesenchymal stem cells in the aging process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We will use transcriptomic analysis of these cells under baseline and stimulated conditions to elucidate the protective microglial features at the molecular level. (brightfocus.org)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. (confex.com)
  • VP79s was shown to overcome adhesion mediated drug resistance in MM cells in a co-culture model system with bone marrow stromal cells which induces MM cell resistance to treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. (confex.com)
  • Two-color analysis of the expression of CD117 on mouse bone marrow cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • A single-cell suspension of BALB/c bone marrow was simultaneously stained with FITC Rat Anti-Mouse CD45R/B220 (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • most of the neutrophils in the body are contained in the bone marrow, either as mitotically active (one third) or postmitotic mature cells (two thirds). (medscape.com)
  • mesenchymal stem cells are most commonly used because they are easy to obtain and present no ethical problems. (springer.com)
  • Indeed, in colons of mice carrying mutations in Apc (ApcMin/+) or exposed to the carcinogen azoxymethane, elimination of GCC increased tumor initiation by corrupting genomic integrity in the context of disabled compensatory apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • The expression of factors in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis was equal to or lower than that observed in the control mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Phylogeographic analyses demonstrated that the RABV affecting the Taiwan ferret badgers (RABV-TWFB) is a distinct lineage within the group of lineages from Asia and that it has been differentiated from its closest lineages, China I (including isolates from Chinese ferret badgers) and the Philippines, 158-210 years ago. (cdc.gov)
  • Perhaps the most popular method of cell fate mapping in the genetic era is through site-specific recombination mediated by the Cre-Lox or FLP-FRT systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the system, researchers could investigate the function of their favorite gene in determining cell fate by designing a genetic model where within a cell one recombination event is designed for manipulating the gene of interest and the other recombination event is designed for activating a reporter gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2012). A genetic strategy for the dynamic and graded control of cell mechanics, motility, and matrix remodeling. (ca.gov)
  • Pathway analysis implicates immune response in the etiology of AD, and given that genetic risk alleles are enriched in myeloid cell types, it has been proposed that impaired microglial function is a major contributing factor to AD risk. (brightfocus.org)
  • SPI1 is a master regulator of several AD-associated genetic risk factors and is a lineage-determining transcription factor exclusively expressed in microglial cells. (brightfocus.org)
  • Th)1 cells.5 Meanwhile, the function and immunity of with genetic predisposition, involving multiple cells, DCs are closely regulated by miRNAs. (cdc.gov)
  • If age-imposed decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells was understood, the debilitating lack of organ maintenance in the old could be ameliorated and perhaps, even reversed. (ca.gov)
  • Activation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) upon ligand binding results in the discharge of insulin from pancreatic cells. (ncbcs.org)
  • Recent evidence obtained in mouse models shows its essential role regulating blood cell function through various mechanisms that include pseudohypoxia responses by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation, post-translational modifications like succinylation, and communication mediated by succinate receptor 1. (haematologica.org)
  • During normal thymic development, T cells mature via cell surface expression of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and positive selection of thymocytes that bind self-peptide/MHC complexes with low affinity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Some antecedents are specific to a leukemia subtype, such as the association of acute T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1). (medscape.com)
  • Therapies based on the application of stem cells have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injuries, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)