• To investigate in vivo molecular mechanisms of silibinin efficacy, tumors and uninvolved skin from tumor-bearing mice were examined immunohistochemically for proliferation, p53, apoptosis, and activated caspase-3. (nih.gov)
  • Together, these results show a strong preventive efficacy of silibinin against photocarcinogenesis, which involves the inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression and an induction of apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • At a fundamental level, cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic changes that result in unregulated cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell-cycle disturbance and apoptosis. (bioone.org)
  • Cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis and death are integral parts of life. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cell proliferation is an increase in the number of cells as a result of growth and division. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for both development and normal tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • A number of techniques are used to assess cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Using analogs to these nucleosides provides a way to measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Several cell cycle-associated proteins, such as Ki-67, are also used as indicators of cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Fluorescent or nonfluorescent cytoplasmic proliferation dyes can also be used as a measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • BD Biosciences offers BD Horizonâ„¢ Violet Proliferation Dye 450 and BD Horizonâ„¢ CFSE for the detection of cell proliferation with the violet laser and blue laser, respectively, which facilitates the use of larger panels. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Without p16(INK4A) to regulate cell growth and division (proliferation), cells can continue to grow and divide without control, which can lead to tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis are finely regulated by the interplay of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. (nature.com)
  • Our results unveil a novel player in the complex regulation of OPC biology, on the one hand showing that JNK1 ablation cell-autonomously determines alterations of OPC proliferation and branching architecture and, on the other hand, suggesting that JNK1 signaling in OLs participates in myelination in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Both a cell-intrinsic program and environmental factors participate in the regulation of OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis. (nature.com)
  • Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of NRAS in melanoma cell lines inhibits proliferation and renders cells sensitive to chemotherapy, making mutant NRAS and its signaling effectors relevant targets for melanoma therapy (8, 9). (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • The molecular functions of upregulated genes in MZ-3 were mainly enriched for transcriptional activity, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This product inhibits the proliferation of human chronic myelogenous leukemia k562 cells. (eirmedltd.com)
  • Because colorectal cancer's migration and invasion are one of main factors to the severity of the disease, exploring the molecular mechanisms of proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells will contribute to the development of targeted therapy [ 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Tissue regeneration occurs due to the proliferation of stem cells, which can not only divide, but also differentiate into cells of the tissue whose regeneration is taking place. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Present study was designed to determine the impact of cadmium on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, and to investigate the possible involvement of p53 and MAPKs signaling pathways in J774A.1 murine macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Cd inhibited cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhibition of ERK suppressed DNA synthesis and had an additive effect with Cd-inhibited proliferation suggesting that Cd-induced ERK activity is not responsible for the G2/M arrest and subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Functional loss of p16 may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation 3,4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Epidemiologic, animal, and laboratory studies suggest that 5-amino-salicylic acid (5-ASA) protects from the development of CRC by altering cell cycle progression and by inducing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we hypothesized that 5-ASA restrains cell cycle progression by activating checkpoint pathways in colorectal cell lines, which would prevent tumor development and improve genomic stability. (nih.gov)
  • Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
  • We found that 5-ASA at concentrations between 10 and 40 mmol/L affects cell cycle progression by inducing cells to accumulate in the S phase. (nih.gov)
  • A series of signal transduction events starting from the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to binding of E2F -target transcription to phosphorylation of Rb helps maintain cell-cycle progression. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (lsbio.com)
  • However, binding of p16(INK4A) blocks CDK4's or CDK6's ability to stimulate cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • However it is also involved in the maturation and stabilization of a wide range of oncogenic client proteins which are crucial for oncogenesis and malignant progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Progression from metaphase to anaphase is blocked and cells enter a state of mitotic arrest. (smpdb.ca)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
  • Therefore it would be interesting to examine the control mechanism of cell cycle progression in which RSK1 affects Myt1 in meiosis and Plk1 affects Myt1 in mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • A signaling pathway in which ATM/ATR Kinases block cell-cycle progression through stabilization of P53 (tumor protein). (eirmedltd.com)
  • It can inhibit stages in the cancer cell, prevent cell cycle progression, inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. (eirmedltd.com)
  • PTEN can inhibit cell cycle progression and induce cell death to stimulate angiogenesis [ 6 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunohistochemical identification of molecular genetic events in the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell squamous-cell carcinoma enables early detection of lesions with the potential for malignant progression, thus permitting timely intervention 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)
  • It specifically negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • Weighed against its homologs Plk1 (and its own connected signaling pathway) offers attracted much interest because overexpression of Plk1 can be firmly correlated with carcinogenesis (10 11 Furthermore inhibition of Plk1 using RNA disturbance (RNAi) or particular little molecule inhibitors causes development arrest or apoptosis in tumor cells (12-14). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • The results of Western blot illustrated that KIF18A could forward the migration and invasion of CRC cells, and inhibit PTEN , which promoted the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus bringing about the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 . (aging-us.com)
  • Promoting PTEN expression in CRC cell lines will stop the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase ( PI3K )/sinkserine/threonine kinase ( Akt ) signaling pathway, which affects CRC cell growth, promotes apoptosis, and improves sensitivity to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and conventional therapy. (aging-us.com)
  • Therefore, targeting drugs molecules in the PTEN signaling pathway may be another strategy to suppress tumor cells by inhibiting tumor activity [ 7 , 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • While most molecular biologists thought signaling pathways worked by sensing signals extrinsic to the cell and relaying the information to the nucleus, Elledge was proposing an internal signaling pathway that senses cell-intrinsic events. (the-scientist.com)
  • One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. (lsbio.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • Vinca alkaloids are also thought to increase apoptosis by increasing concentrations of p53 (cellular tumor antigen p53) and p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1) and by inhibiting Bcl-2 activity. (smpdb.ca)
  • The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)
  • Recently, an oral mitogen activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor (MEK162) was tested in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) or NRAS mutations with encouraging results (12). (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, did not alter Cd-induced cytotoxicity indicating that J774A.1 cell death by Cd is independent of de novo protein synthesis including p53. (cdc.gov)
  • We tested this hypothesis by determining the antitumor effects of KW- 2450, a multikinase inhibitor of both Aurora A and B kinases. (elsevierpure.com)
  • When treated with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib combined with KW-2450, compared with KW-2450 alone, the 8N cell population was significantly reduced and apoptosis was increased. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pseudophosphatase MK-STYX [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) -phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting protein] is an atypical MKP (MAPK phosphatase). (wm.edu)
  • A variety of extrinsic cues converge on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway. (nature.com)
  • These phenotypes resembled those of Aurora B knockdown and complete pharmaceutical inhibition of Aurora A. We demonstrated that 8N cells resulting from KW-2450 treatment depended on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) for their survival. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 2 Apoptosis is triggered by caspase-mediated signal transduction pathways. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Sensitization of cancer cells to conventional drugs using multi-target agents that block survival and oncogenic pathways, alone or in combination, is an emerging strategy to overcome drug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
  • Despite this, MK-STYX has been shown to be a regulator of multiple pathways, including stress response, apoptosis, and neurite formation, and has been implicated in various cancers. (wm.edu)
  • Over the last few decades, it has been studied that the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced kidney damage are complex and involved numerous cellular and molecular processes including inflammation, apoptosis, accumulation of cisplatin in renal tubular cells via renal drug transporters, Ctr1 and OCT2, and involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways [ 3 ] [ 4 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Thus specific inhibition of individual proteins or signalling pathways holds a great potential for subversion of this genetic plasticity of cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in cortical neurones included alterations in insulin and other signalling pathways, cell cycle, cellular senescence, inflammatory mediators, and components of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EGCG is especially important and active in many essential cellular pathways including the cell cycle. (lumminary.com)
  • The fenbendazole-induced apoptosis occurred through the induction of multiple pathways, including p21-mediated cell-cycle arrest. (sunquicksf.com)
  • These effects were associated with the inhibition of the phosphorylation of tubulin, as well as the induction of multiple pathways that lead to cell death. (sunquicksf.com)
  • Mutated RAS proteins activate signaling pathways that promote the cell division cycle and cell growth and suppress apoptosis. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • It helps to target multiple signaling pathways in cancer cells without presenting any toxicity to normal cells. (eirmedltd.com)
  • Furthermore, using a combination of biochemistry, molecular genetics and cell biology, we investigate how these pathways interact with the core mitochondrial fusion and fission machinery, the large fission GTPase Drp1, and the fusion-mediating GTPases Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1. (virginia.edu)
  • It is immunotoxic in vivo and induces apoptosis in many cultured cells. (cdc.gov)
  • So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (lsbio.com)
  • Somatic mutations in other genes involved in cell growth are also needed for a melanoma to develop. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
  • Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This domain occurred 371 times on human genes ( 849 proteins). (umbc.edu)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • A previous screen of a human kinase and phosphatase shRNA library to select genes that mediate arsenite induction of spindle abnormalities resulted in the identification of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 gamma (PIP4KIIγ), a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-synthesizing enzyme. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression and cellular localisation of proteins encoded by selected candidate genes were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 912, 2202, and 1227 genes were significantly differentially expressed between cases with self-reported T2D and controls in neurones, astrocytes, and endothelial cells respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecular functions of upregulated genes in MZ-2 were mainly enriched for protein degradation and amino acid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As their name implies, these genes normally prevent uncontrollable cell division. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • genes that normally control the way cells divide, grow and develop. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition transforms human mammary gland epithelial cells. (lsbio.com)
  • Arresting the chaperone cycle at these stages by targeting different co-chaperone/Hsp90 interactions seems to be quite a viable alternative and is likely to achieve similar consequences as that of Hsp90 direct inhibition with added favors of high specificity and reduced side effect profile. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanism of vincristine is the inhibition of microtubule dynamics that would cause mitotic arrest and eventual cell death. (smpdb.ca)
  • This inhibition by 5 HTia agonists, the truth is final results through the direct activation of somatodendritic 5 HTj autoreceptors, located on the serotoninergic cells inside of the dorsal raphe nucleus. (agckinase.com)
  • Tumour suppression is achieved via the inhibition of cell division, induction of apoptosis (cell death) to remove altered cells, DNA damage repair, and inhibition of mechanisms that cause spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body (metastasis). (biotopics.co.uk)
  • If a mutation occurs in the proto-oncogene, producing an oncogene , more of these proteins are produced and this leads to unregulated cell division, a slower rate of cell differentiation and increased inhibition of the normal cell death, so cells build up, causing cancer and forming a tumour. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
  • It is a key regulator of the cell cycle and has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell division, gene expression, and apoptosis. (silexon.ai)
  • The CDKN2A gene provides instructions for making several proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are found in up to one-quarter of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). (medlineplus.gov)
  • A different type of alteration involving the CDKN2A gene can result in reduced amounts or an absence of the p16(INK4A) or p14(ARF) protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are also associated with melanoma, a type of skin cancer that begins in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The CDKN2A gene mutations found in melanoma result in a nonfunctional p16(INK4A) protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CDKN2A gene mutations involved in cancer impair production of functional p16(INK4A) or, less commonly, p14(ARF), which can result in uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In particular, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, one of the MAPK pathway is considered as an important mediator of signal transduction processes, namely cell survival, cell division, gene expression, and cell metabolism that plays role in injury, death, and inflammation of kidney tubular cells due to cisplatin administration [ 5 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. (thermofisher.com)
  • This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). (thermofisher.com)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • In addition, we have examined the putative role of HSP70-2 in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in-vitro and in-vivo xenograft mouse model using gene silencing approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • gene was first identified during screening of for mutants defective in cell division. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • You can find six phosphorylation sites in RSK1 that are crucial for its activation and its own subsequent part in substrate phosphorylation (21 22 Of the phosphorylation of Ser-380 can be very important to RSK1 activation traveling functions such as for example rules of gene manifestation and protein synthesis and cell cycle regulation as a downstream Nisoxetine hydrochloride kinase in the Mos-MAPK pathway (23). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Cells grow and divide as a part of the body's natural process, when the Tumor Suppressing Gene (TSG) gets damaged, (TSG is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. (eirmedltd.com)
  • PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) belongs to a cancer suppressor gene (one of the protein phosphatases). (aging-us.com)
  • Next, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to further explore the biomarkers with the most interactions in gene modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of p63 is almost exclusively restricted to epithelial cells, mutations in this gene are infrequent, and its expression is increased in a variety of solid tumors, particularly those of the head and neck area 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Several studies have shown that LINC00930 can be effectively inhibited using small molecules, including inhibitors of the protein kinases that have been shown to interact with LINC00930. (silexon.ai)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
  • At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They have complementary mechanisms to hinder the carcinogenic process by searching free radicals, inhibiting survival and multiplication of malignant cells, as well as reducing invasiveness and angiogenesis of tumors. (researchsquare.com)
  • This is supported by studies in knockout mice showing development of soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian stromal cell tumors and a high sensitivity to carcinogenic treatments. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that functions as a tumor suppressor of lung tumors. (cancerindex.org)
  • According to the plan of the study, patients with malignant tumors who had received at least one cycle of chemotherapy and had moderate-to-severe CRF (Piper Fatigue Scale score≥4) were enrolled. (bvsalud.org)
  • The expression and role of MEK/ERK and PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phospho-proteins in viability, growth, and therapeutics of NRAS mutant melanoma tumors are assessed. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • To that end, we use xenografts of human cancer cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models to determine the role that mitochondria shaping proteins play in the initiation and maintenance of human tumors. (virginia.edu)
  • TNBC has high mitotic activity, and, because Aurora A and B mitotic kinases drive cell division and are overexpressed in tumors with a high mitotic index, we hypothesized that inhibiting Aurora A and B produces a significant antitumor effect in TNBC. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment with Cd at 20 and 50 microM induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but did not alter p53 mRNA expression or the activation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal MAPK. (cdc.gov)
  • Research in the last decade has revealed that mitochondrial fusion and fission impact nearly every aspect of mitochondrial function, from cellular metabolism, to calcium homeostasis, to the control of cell survival through apoptosis and autophagy. (virginia.edu)
  • It turned out that old cells, on the one hand, act as tumor suppressors (since they irreversibly stop dividing themselves and reduce the risk of transformation of surrounding cells), and on the other hand, the specific metabolism of old cells can cause inflammation and degeneration of neighboring precancerous cells into malignant ones. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Our previous results indicate that 5-ASA improves replication fidelity in colorectal cells, an effect that is active in reducing mutations. (nih.gov)
  • Most of these mutations lead to production of little or no functional p16(INK4A) protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations, classified as germline mutations, are typically inherited and are present in essentially all of the body's cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Together, the germline and somatic mutations impair the function of proteins that regulate division and senescence, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of a melanoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mutations occur rarely, and in order for a cell to become cancerous - this is calculated for human fibroblasts - about 100 divisions must occur (this number of divisions usually occurs in a person at about the age of 40) [5]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • He found that RNR2 RNA levels increased dramatically, even more than the protein levels, upon exposure of cells to DNA damage and that mutations in RNR2 resulted in hypersensitivity to DNA damage. (the-scientist.com)
  • Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. (lsbio.com)
  • A hallmark of events observed during segmentation was the induction of multiple transcription factors, including a large group of homeobox proteins in pace with decay of a large fraction of maternal transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)
  • induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. (lsbio.com)
  • LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (lsbio.com)
  • The p16(INK4A) protein attaches (binds) to two other proteins called CDK4 and CDK6. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
  • Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2, hereafter referred to as PIP2) either binds to intracellular proteins and directly modulates their subcellular localization and activity or acts as a precursor for the generation of other second messengers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When fenbendazole binds with tubulin, it interrupts the assembly of the microtubules that are responsible for cell growth and division. (sunquicksf.com)
  • Oestrogen enters target cells, and binds with a receptor protein. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • One of the oxidative DNA lesions frequently generated upon exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cell types, including cancer cells, and to play a role in the regulation of apoptosis in the brain. (silexon.ai)
  • Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase, p21-activated kinase 3. (umbc.edu)
  • We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
  • Both function as tumor suppressors, which means they keep cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Also important to the function of MKPs is the CH2 domain (cell division cycle 25 phosphatase homology 2 domain), which is interrupted by a KIM (kinase-interacting motif). (wm.edu)
  • Hepworth, Emma Marie Wilber, "Understanding The Function Of A MAPK-'STYX'-Domain Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase" (2022). (wm.edu)
  • Levels of phospho-ERK, p-MEK phospho-murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (p-AKT), phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were measured in 14 main melanomas and 18 metastases from 32 individual specimens of NRAS-mutated melanoma. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), p21-activated kinase (PAK) 3, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
  • STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
  • Pack LR, Daigh LH, Meyer T. Putting the brakes on the cell cycle: mechanisms of cellular growth arrest. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of protective effects of curcumin against cisplatin-induced kidney inflammation and apoptosis in rats. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
  • In recent years, molecular mechanisms of cell aging, their connection with oncological diseases and inflammation have been discovered. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Furthermore, H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress reduced JAM3 expression in trophoblasts and cell culture supernatants. (bioone.org)
  • Objective In addition to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis have an important role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced kidney damage. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also report that HSP70-2 plays an important role in cellular growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and tumor growth of breast cancer xenograft. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3. Mitochondrial dynamics in cancer: Mitochondrial dynamics have been shown to be important for the cellular control of apoptosis, autophagy and metabolic function, processes that are critical regulators of tumorigenesis. (virginia.edu)
  • Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We observed significant inhibitory activities of KW-2450 on cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation in agar, and mammosphere formation in TNBC cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) is involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity, and motility. (bioone.org)
  • Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once ingested, sporozoites are released from the oocysts into intestinal epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The p63 protein, a homologue of p53, may be associated with tumor formation in the epithelial tissue, acting as an oncogene 11,12 . (bvsalud.org)
  • It is one of the most abundant proteins in the eukaryotic cells comprising 1-2% of total proteins under non-stress conditions [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stephen Elledge has built a career studying how eukaryotic cells maintain genomic integrity. (the-scientist.com)
  • His first experimental results contained a serendipitous artifact that laid the foundation for a scientific career studying how eukaryotic cells deal with damage to their DNA. (the-scientist.com)
  • Elledge's idea that eukaryotic cells sense the progress of DNA replication and transform that information into a DNA-damage response was new. (the-scientist.com)
  • Overexpression of JAM3 or recombinant JAM3 protein enhanced trophoblast adhesion and migration, which were inhibited by JAM3 knockdown. (bioone.org)
  • In addition studies on HeLa cells using Plk1 siRNA interference and overexpression showed that phosphorylation of RSK1 increased upon interference and decreased after overexpression suggesting that Plk1 inhibits RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • In the final stages of the process, dying cells become fragmented into apoptotic bodies and consequently are eliminated by phagocytic cells without significant inflammatory damage to surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • To support this spectrum of requirements, BD Biosciences offers a full range of apoptosis detection tools and technologies for measuring indicators at different stages across the apoptotic process. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Impaired insulin signalling was shared by neurovascular unit cells with, additionally, apoptotic pathway changes in astrocytes and dysregulation of advanced glycation end-product signalling in endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The process of systemically destroying damaged cell is called apoptosis and is signaled for and controlled by apoptotic proteins. (lumminary.com)
  • EGCG has also been shown to interact with apoptotic proteins such as Caspase 3, 7 and 8. (lumminary.com)
  • When conditions are right, cells enter the S stage of the cell cycle and commit to DNA synthesis and replicate their chromosomal DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • During the synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle, DNA polymerases incorporate a variety of nucleosides (deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine) into the newly extending strands of DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
  • LINC00930 is a highly conserved non-coding RNA molecule that is expressed in various tissues and cells throughout the body. (silexon.ai)
  • Currently, clinical trials are underway of drugs that selectively eliminate old cells in organs and tissues, thereby preventing degenerative changes in organs and cancer. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • In our body, there are renewing tissues in which there is a pool of constantly dividing cells that replace spent or dying cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Stem cells that exist in almost all organs and tissues are able to divide indefinitely. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Stem cells are present in the myocardium, in the brain (in the hypocampus and in the olfactory bulbs) and in other tissues. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • HSPs (Heat shock proteins) are highly conserved ubiquitous proteins among species which are involved in maintaining appropriate folding and conformation of other proteins and are thus referred to as molecular chaperones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hsp90 (Heat-shock protein 90 kDa) is one of a group of molecular chaperones responsible for managing protein folding and quality control in cell environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results from the molecular dynamics simulations in water show that the trajectories of the protein complexed with ligand WA are stable over a considerably long time period of 4 ns, with the energies of the complex being lowered in comparison to the un-docked association complex, suggesting the thermodynamic stability of WA complexed Hsp90/Cdc37. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heat shock family of proteins (HSPs) is proposed to play pivotal role in breast tumor development owing to their intrinsic molecular chaperone properties [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a combination of biochemistry, cell biology and molecular genetics we are elucidating the molecular details of how these proteins collaborate to carry out this process and exploring the consequences when the process is disrupted. (virginia.edu)
  • He mentioned this to David Stillman , who was at Stanford to interview for a faculty position, and who studied cell cycle regulation of proteins as a postdoc in Kim Nasmyth 's lab at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in the U.K. Stillman pointed out that ribonucleotide reductase was cell cycle regulated-rather than remaining stable, the RNA and protein levels fluctuate throughout the cell cycle. (the-scientist.com)
  • If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
  • Methods: fifteen histological specimens of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip were obtained from the Department of Oral Pathology, Bahia Federal University. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other markers, such as retinoblastoma and p53, may be related with early steps of carcinogenesis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant tumours are cancerous growths and because their cell division is not subject to normal control they may grow quite fast and can sometimes spread to other parts of the body. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Here we found that the germinal ablation of the MAPK c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase isoform 1 (JNK1) results in a significant reduction of myelin in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum at both postnatal and adult stages. (nature.com)
  • TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
  • This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
  • ALMS1 encodes a ~ 0.5 megadalton protein that localises to the base of centrioles. (springer.com)
  • Neurone, astrocyte, and endothelial cell-enriched mRNA, obtained by immuno-laser capture microdissection of temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21/22) from 6 cases with self-reported T2D in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study neuropathology cohort, and an equal number of age and sex-matched controls, was assessed by microarray analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we have investigated the possible association of HSP70-2 mRNA and protein expression with various stages, grades and histotypes of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)