Apoptosis and progression of cells regulate cell cycle progression and checkpoints. Medical search. Frequent questions

â ¢ Test indicators included peripheral blood cell and bone marrow cell counts, flow cytometry to detect the proportion of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cells, bone marrow cell proliferation and apoptosis, and pathological observation of vascular niche damage and repair. (bvsalud.org)
Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using CCK8, EdU staining, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)
miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
One particular with the intracellular signal transduction pathways that drives tumorigenesis and cancer progression is definitely the Ras Raf Mek Erk pathway. (cetp-signal.com)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of endogenous RNAs considered essential regulatory factor in BC tumorigenesis and progression. (biomedcentral.com)

2. If DNA repair is not possible, p53 induces apoptosis. (ctsqena.com)
Knockdown of KDM1B inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)

These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)
In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. (affbiotech.com)
Investigating the mechanism of synthetic lethality, we reveal that CHK1 inhibition in IGF-1R depleted or inhibited cells further downregulated RRM2, reduced dNTP supply and profoundly delayed replication fork progression. (nature.com)
These effects resulted in significant accumulation of unreplicated single-stranded DNA and increased cell death, indicative of replication catastrophe. (nature.com)
Inactivated by PKR/EIF2AK2- and WEE1-mediated phosphorylation upon DNA damage to stop cell cycle and genome replication at the G2 checkpoint thus facilitating DNA repair. (arigobio.cn)
Progression to malignancy is associated with the expression of viral proteins whose primary function is to drive virus replication by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and the recognition of infected cells by the immune system. (ki.se)
A deneddylase encoded by Epstein-Barr virus promotes viral DNA replication by regulating the activity of cullin-RING ligases. (ki.se)
In actively replicated cells, TIMELESS dissociates from your replisome with peroxiredoxin when levels of reactive oxygen species increase [22], therefore slowing replication and linking the SIRT1-controlled circadian rhythm circuitry with the pace of DNA replication and key cell cycle transitions. (monossabios.com)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)
Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
Any obstacles encountered by cells in this process can lead to 'replicative stress' ( Figure 1 ), 1 which may be overcome by replicative stress response proteins, but deficiencies in this response result in accumulated errors in DNA replication and loss of genomic integrity, which lead to cell death. (bmj.com)
STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
This inhibition leads to a decrease in DNA synthesis during bacterial replication, resulting in cell growth inhibition and eventually cell lysis. (medindex.am)
Both the initiation and inhibition of cell division are triggered by events external to the cell when it is about to begin the replication process. (openstax.org)
If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted, and the cell attempts to either complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA. (openstax.org)

Furthermore, silibinin inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of YD10B and Ca9-22 cells by regulating the expression of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (jcancer.org)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
Finally, lncRNAs regulated expression of key proteins, thereby mediating development of a malignant phenotype. (oncotarget.com)
Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) form a complex which phosphorylates proteins that drive the cell through the cell cycle. (ctsqena.com)
In proliferating cells, CDK1-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation at the G2-M phase represses FOXO1 interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thereby promotes FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcription factor activity, leading to cell death of postmitotic neurons. (arigobio.cn)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
We study the mechanism by which EBV proteins expressed in malignant cells modify the cellular environment and regulate the interaction of the infected cells with the host immune system. (ki.se)
Three Epstein-Barr virus latency proteins independently promote genomic instability by inducing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA repair and inactivating cell cycle checkpoints. (ki.se)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
SIRT1 substrates in the mammalian nucleus Potential SIRT1 substrates could be discovered by acquiring proteins that talk about the SIRT1 identification theme, bind overexpressed SIRT1 or display elevated degrees of acetylation in SIRT1-depleted cells. (monossabios.com)
For instance, SIRT1 deacetylate lysine 310 of RelA/p65, the nuclear cleaved type of NF-kB that regulates NF-kB transcription activity and p53-reliant apoptosis [14], and CREB binding proteins (CBP), which is normally deacetylated to modulate CREB-dependent transcription. (monossabios.com)
The primary actions that regulate circadian rhythms, although mediated by nonhomologous proteins, are conserved in progression [16] highly. (monossabios.com)
Another SIRT1 substrate that regulates BMAL-CLOCK may be the TIMELESS proteins adversely, which can be a replisome complicated member [20]. (monossabios.com)
Importantly, circRNAs usually bind miRNAs to modulate the levels of downstream proteins, acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and participating in tumor progression [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)

During meiotic recombination in human and mouse, CHEK1 protein kinase is important for integrating DNA damage repair with cell cycle arrest. (wikipedia.org)
In mouse oocytes CHEK1 appears to be indispensable for prophase I arrest and to function at the G2/M checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, and ROS generation in these cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin considerably reduced the development of oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, G 0 /G 1 arrest, ROS generation, and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. (jcancer.org)
Vanillin also induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. (upm.edu.my)
Different concentrations of vanillin showed arrest of cell cycle at different checkpoints. (upm.edu.my)
However, the expressions of a few xenobiotic metabolism, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis genes were up-regulated by 5 % ethanol injection. (upm.edu.my)
The colon gene expression analysis showed that vanillin could enhance recombinational repair and mismatch repair, arrest cell at cell cycle checkpoints, increase the expression of tumour suppressor gene, colorectal cancer biomarker and proto-oncogene. (upm.edu.my)
Under conditions of moderate ER stress, the UPR promotes cell cycle arrest which allows time for successful protein load reduction and enables cell survival. (tmc.edu)
This reduced ability to arrest proliferation was found to be due to an impaired ability to downregulate cyclin D1, a key gatekeeper of the G1/S checkpoint. (tmc.edu)
PIG3 knockdown led to an abnormal DNA damage response, including decreased IR-induced phosphorylation of H2AX, Chk1, Chk2 and Kap-1 as well as a prolonged G2-M arrest and aberrant mitotic progression. (ijbs.com)
In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)
Upon publicity to a genotoxin cells undergo apoptosis, development arrest, and cell cycle checkpoint arrest according to the extent on the damage. (cetp-signal.com)
Overexpression of the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene could abolish hypoxia-induced invasion, reduce the migration of A498 cells, inhibit the hypoxia-induced release of inflammatory cytokines, and arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)

Generally speaking, the cell cycle regulation of meiosis is similar to that of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
The first major regulatory transition occurs in late G1, when the start of meiotic cycle is activated by Ime1 instead of Cln3/Cdk1 in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. (arigobio.cn)
Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)

1. Disrupted systems include pro to-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and regulators of apoptosis. (ctsqena.com)
B. Categories of oncogenes include growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal transducers, nuclear regulators, and cell cycle regulators (Table 3.3). (ctsqena.com)

It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (bmj.com)

Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Hypoxia is considered a critical contributor to renal cell carcinoma progression, including invasion and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
The anti-cancer impact of propofol on cervical cancer cells growth in vivo was determined by means of xenograft tumor model and lung metastasis model. (aging-us.com)
An extensive body of studies has reported that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in tumor invasion and metastasis by regulating EMT [ 6 ]. (aging-us.com)
Prior studies have suggested that propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol), one of the most extensively used intravenous anesthetic agents during cancer surgical excision, influences the biological behaviors of cancer cell, including growth, invasiveness, and metastasis [ 10 , 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
In colorectal cancer, propofol inhibits cancer cells proliferation and metastasis by regulating miR-124-3p.1/AKT3 [ 13 ]. (aging-us.com)
The predominant causes of poor BC prognosis are unpredictable progression, such as recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Although drugs, for example a MEK inhibitor Refametinib [ 5 ], targeting key driver genes involved in HCC progression are being utilized for the clinical intervene, chemotherapy-resistance and the following cancer recurrence or metastasis still hinder the improvement of patient survival rates. (jcancer.org)

In COAD cells, NEK6 was highly expressed, whereas miR-323a-3p was expressed at low levels and negatively regulated NEK6. (hindawi.com)
STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)

Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tet lo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tet hi , whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. (bmj.com)
RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
Complement C11 binding protein (C1QBP, also named p32 and HABP1) is a multifunctional protein which plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular processes such autophagy and cell apoptosis [ 7 , 8 ]. (jcancer.org)

In recent years, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been suggested to play a key role in the process of embryonic development, differentiation of tissues and organs, chronic inflammation and fibrosis, as well as cancer progression ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
This signal transduction cascade regulates fundamental cellular processes which includes cell proliferation and survival, differentiation, Romidepsin and apoptosis. (cetp-signal.com)
By acting as a Trojan horse for cell invasion, viruses have taught us many of the basic principles that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and death. (ki.se)
Integration of intracellular metabolic states with extracellular signals leads to proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, or quiescence. (janechin.net)

Inhibitor of checkpoint kinase CHK1 was identified as a top screen hit. (nature.com)
Many cancers show aberrant signalling via the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, activating type 1 IGF receptors (IGF-1Rs) and variant insulin receptors (INSRs) to signal via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK-ERK) [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
4, Cell cycle regulators mediate progression through the cell cycle {e.g., cyctin and cyclin-dependent kinase). (ctsqena.com)
Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), also known as p34Cdc2 (cell division control protein kinase 2) depends on cyclin A and B and is triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2 phase, which is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. (arigobio.cn)
Compared to HL60 cells, the tyrosine phosphorylation level in K562 cells was markedly increased, suggesting that the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation is due to BCR ABL tyrosine kinase activity, which was confirmed by the expression of BCR ABL shown only in K562 cells. (rafinhibitors.com)
Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

Similar to protein-coding regulators, recently mounting studies have revealed that lncRNAs are also importantly involved in tumor progression and have great potentials to be clinically applied in the treatment of cancer [ 7 ]. (aging-us.com)

For example, the cvclinD/CDK4 complex phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein, which promotes progression through the G^S checkpoint. (ctsqena.com)
promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via association with multiple interphase cyclins. (arigobio.cn)
Hou G, Lu Z, Wang Z, Yang X. The Mitochondrial Protein C1QBP Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Enhancing Cell Survival, Migration and Invasion. (jcancer.org)
C1QBP is correlated with a poor prognosis of HCC patients and promotes the survival, migration and invasion of HCC cells. (jcancer.org)

Pancreatic cancer cells exhibited altered UPR activation characterized by a delay in both phosphorylation of eIF2α and induction of spliced XBP1. (tmc.edu)
Interestingly, Wnt Pathway we found a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation at the corresponding molecular weight of hTERT in K562 cells compared to HL60 cells. (rafinhibitors.com)
To evaluate this possibility, hTERT was immunoprecipitated by anti hTERT antibody from both K562 and HL60 cell lysates and resolved by SDS PAGE followed by immunoblotting with anti phosphorylation antibody. (rafinhibitors.com)
We found that hTERT tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly elevated in K562 cells compared to HL60 cells. (rafinhibitors.com)
To further determine whether BCR ABL phosphorylates Raf Inhibitors hTERT, we treated K562 cells with 1 M Gleevec, and evaluated the phosphorylation status of hTERT. (rafinhibitors.com)
As shown in Figure 4c, Gleevec treatment resulted in almost complete inhibition of hTERT phosphorylation at tyrosine residues compared to control cells. (rafinhibitors.com)
To demonstrate that the decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation of hTERT was not due to reduced hTERT expression level, western blot was performed and we did not observe a difference in hTERT expression level in Gleevec treated K562 cells compared to control cells. (rafinhibitors.com)
Surprisingly, there was no evidence of direct interaction between BCR ABL and hTERT.Overall, these results suggested that BCR ABL can regulate TA by post translational modification of hTERT through tyrosine phosphorylation. (rafinhibitors.com)
Gleevec inhibits hTERT nucleoli translocation in K562 BCR ABL positive cells It is known that phosphorylation of hTERT is important for its nuclear translocation. (rafinhibitors.com)
Our recent examine showed that maintenance of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by PTP inhibition was connected with increased cell proliferation, clonogenic survival, and mutagenesis following just one Cr publicity in human lung fibroblasts. (cetp-signal.com)
Notably, PTP inhibition enhanced Cr induced forward Cyclovirobuxine D mutations at the HPRT locus in two mammalian cell lines, which was coincident with enhanced clonogenic survival, suggesting regulators of tyrosine phosphorylation might figure out cell survival death as an initial event just after Cr insult. (cetp-signal.com)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization. (proteopedia.org)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
MTT analysis, PI/Annexin V staining, transwell and metabolic flux assays were performed to examine the effects of C1QBP on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and oxidative phosphorylation of HCC cells. (jcancer.org)

As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

Little progress has been made in understanding how proteotoxic stress affects rapidly proliferating pancreatic tumor cells. (tmc.edu)
In this dissertation, I investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its effects on the cell cycle in pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
Activation of the unfolded protein response after ER stress induction was determined by comparing expression of key UPR mediators in non-tumorigenic pancreatic ductal cells to pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
Further evaluation of the UPR-mediated effects on cell cycle progression revealed that pancreatic cancer cells showed a compromised ability to inhibit G1 to S phase progression after ER stress. (tmc.edu)
In conclusion, pancreatic cancer cells demonstrate a globally compromised ability to regulate the unfolded protein response. (tmc.edu)
These findings indicate that pancreatic cancer cells have increased tolerance for elevated ER stress compared to normal cells, and this tolerance results in continued tumor cell proliferation under proteotoxic conditions. (tmc.edu)
For example, propofol restrains pancreatic cancer cells growth and metastases via elevating miR-328 and depressing ADAM Metallopeptidase Domain 8 (ADAM8) [ 12 ]. (aging-us.com)
Repaglinide blocks ATP-dependent potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells, thereby causing depolarization of the cell membrane and subsequent opening of calcium channels. (medindex.am)
The increased calcium influx into the pancreatic beta cells induces insulin secretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. (medindex.am)

Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)

A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
Work across many laboratories is geared toward elucidating the genetics behind cancer, discovering cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, and elucidating intracellular and intercellular interactions that allow this progression. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying BC progression must be further investigated for novel effective therapies development. (biomedcentral.com)
Although a variety of studies have shown that Complement C11 binding protein (C1QBP) may play a tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive role in cancer, the functions and mechanisms of C1QBP in HCC progression are under-investigating. (jcancer.org)
Thus, unveiling the mechanisms for HCC progression is of great significance for the identification of potential therapeutic targets or agents, which might be further developed for adjuvant therapeutic strategies. (jcancer.org)
The timing of events in the cell cycle is controlled by mechanisms that are both internal and external to the cell. (openstax.org)

Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
The effects of silibinin on the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells were evaluated using transwell assays. (jcancer.org)
Hypoxia was found to induce A498 cell invasion, migration, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, while repressing human solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
In head and neck cancer, the histologic progression of severity from hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ to invasion provides a framework to understand the genetic progression of cancer. (medscape.com)
Du X , Wang X , Zheng Y , Liu D , . Propofol suppresses the growth and invasion of cervical carcinoma cells by inhibiting MIR155HG. (aging-us.com)
Materials and Methods: The suppression effects of propofol on the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation and Transwell invasion assay. (aging-us.com)
Conclusions: Altogether, these results indicated that propofol restrained the growth and invasion of cervical cancer cells partly via regulating MIR155HG expression. (aging-us.com)
Loss-of-function assays showed that proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells were mitigated while cell apoptosis was augmented upon the loos of C1QBP. (jcancer.org)

During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
3. B cells that would normally undergo apoptosis during somatic hypermutation in the lymph node germinal center accumulate, leading to lymphoma. (ctsqena.com)

Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Sirtuins are NAD + -dependent histone deacetylases regulating important metabolic pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are involved in many biological processes such as cell survival, senescence, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Signaling pathways that regulate cell survival and proliferation are altered within the operation of carcinogenesis. (cetp-signal.com)
The Ras Raf Mek Erk pathway interacts with other mitogenic pathways to find out cell fate after extracellular stimuli. (cetp-signal.com)
Furthermore, poorer prognosis in cancer patients who display a glycolytic phenotype characterized by metabolic alterations, such as obesity and diabetes, is now well established, providing another link between metabolic pathways and cancer progression. (springer.com)

Co-inhibition of IGF and CHK1 caused synergistic suppression of cell viability, cell survival and tumour growth in 2D cell culture, 3D spheroid cultures and in vivo. (nature.com)
On the contrary, enhanced glycolysis could be linked to the cell death observed 48 hours after imatinib withdrawal as inhibition of glycolysis by 2 deoxyglucose completely rescued cells from imatinib withdrawal induced death. (rafinhibitors.com)
A significant, although incomplete, inhibition of cell death was also observed upon partial deprivation of glutamine from the medium and inhibition Celastrol of glutaminase activity using the glutaminase inhibitor 6 diazo 5 oxo l norleucine. (rafinhibitors.com)

It is suggested that curcumin can selectively kill tumor cells through its multifaceted metabolic effects, that culminate in its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities ( Hewlings and Kalman, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
Importantly, this enhanced cellular metabolic activity upon acute hyper activation of Bcr Abl was not beneficial for the cells as proposed by Warburg. (rafinhibitors.com)
The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in tumor progression and antitumor immunity. (medsci.org)

These DNA breaks must be repaired before metaphase I. and these DSBs must be repaired before metaphase I. The cell monitor these DSBs via ATM pathway, in which Cdc25 is suppressed when DSB lesion is detected. (wikipedia.org)
This pathway is the same as classical DNA damage response and is the part we know the best in meiotic recombination checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
The DSB-independent pathway was proposed when people studied spo11 mutant cells in some species and found that these Spo11 cells could not process to metaphase I even in the absence of DSB. (wikipedia.org)
Western blotting revealed that silibinin downregulated SOD1 and SOD2 and triggered the JNK/c-Jun pathway in oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)
Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line. (frontiersin.org)
This was supported by our finding that the levels of tricarboxylic Estrogen Receptor Pathway acid cycle intermediates change divergently upon hyper activation of Bcr Abl: the intracellular concentrations of fumarate and malate were increased whereas the citrate and isocitrate levels were decreased. (rafinhibitors.com)
For instance, the biogenesis of circRNA GGNBP2 (cGGNBP2) was mediated by IL-6/STAT3 pathway activation, and IL-6/cGGNBP2-184aa (a protein encoded by cGGNBP2)/STAT3 formed a positive feedback loop to promote tumor progression for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)

The special chromosome separation in meiosis, homologous chromosomes separation in meiosis I and chromatids separation in meiosis II, requires special tension between homologous chromatids and non-homologous chromatids for distinguishing microtubule attachment and it relies on the programmed DNA double strand break (DSB) and repair in prophase I. Therefore meiotic recombination checkpoint can be a kind of DNA damage response at specific time spot. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore the unsynapsed chromosomes in Spo11 cells can be a target of checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
Under this cascade, failure to synapse will maintain the gene expression from sex chromosomes and some products may inhibit cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)
Mistakes in the duplication or distribution of the chromosomes lead to mutations that may be passed forward to every new cell produced from an abnormal cell. (openstax.org)
However, the most important role of the G 2 checkpoint is to ensure that all of the chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged. (openstax.org)

We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
Adapted from the 2015 Cancer Product Guide, Edition 3, this poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. (tocris.com)
RNA was extracted from colon for DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle, antiinflammation, proto-oncogene, colorectal cancer biomarker and tumor suppressor gene expressions study. (upm.edu.my)
In conclusion, vanillin could induce cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells. (upm.edu.my)
Aiming to exploit this effect in therapy we performed a compound screen in five breast cancer cell lines with IGF neutralising antibody xentuzumab. (nature.com)
First, given evidence that IGFs regulate the response to IR, we also found evidence that IGF-1R depletion induced endogenous DNA lesions marked by γH2AX foci in prostate cancer cells [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, leading the understanding the pathogenesis paramount. (oncotarget.com)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung cancers, whose ravages has intensely hijacked welfare of human beings for the tremendous burden on health and economy [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
A. Cancer formation is initiated by damage to DNA of stem cells. (ctsqena.com)
Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth leading cause for cancer deaths worldwide. (oncotarget.com)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
Distinguishing and removing cancer cells from normal cells continue to be key in the experimental design for therapy and prevention. (janechin.net)
Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
When cells proliferate in the absence of appropriate driving signals, cancer is the undesirable consequence. (janechin.net)
RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
Patients who are radioresistant respond poorly to RT and may experience cancer progression. (nature.com)
In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
Propofol treatment decreased the expression of MIR155HG in cervical cancer cells. (aging-us.com)
Consistently, the results from in vivo xenograft model indicated that propofol repressed cervical cancer cells growth and decreased the expression of MIR155HG in vivo . (aging-us.com)
Furthermore, reintroduction of MIR155HG into cervical cancer cells counteracted the inhibitory potency of propofol on the growth and aggressive phenotypes in cervical carcinoma cells. (aging-us.com)
Metastatic recurrence is a leading cause of cancer-associated death, and cancer cell migration is the initial step among the metastatic process. (aging-us.com)
A growing body of evidence has identified that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays pivotal parts in cancer cell metastatic dissemination via endowing them with a more migrate and invasive trait [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85-90% of cases, while lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype [ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
Our findings firstly illustrated that circPAPD4/miR-1269a/CREBZF/STAT3/ADAR1 positive feedback loop mediated BC progression, and delivering CREBZF mRNA nanoparticles suppressed BC progression in vitro and in vivo, which might provide novel insights into therapeutic strategies for breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
c-FLIP increased Zellmotilit ht t r A further the importance of c-FLIP is its involvement in motility of cancer cells obtained ht. (syksignaling.com)

CHEK2 regulates cell cycle progression and spindle assembly during mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo development. (wikipedia.org)

Maintenance of cell survival and growth is achieved in component by means of the steady progression of cell cycle and consequent proliferation. (cetp-signal.com)
All elements during the Ras Raf Mek Erk cascade are actually shown to become associated with cell cycle progression, cell survival and proliferation. (cetp-signal.com)
There is a pressing need to improve therapy in particular for patients with metastatic disease or local recurrence, where the median progression-free and overall survival is only ~ 6 months and ~11 months, respectively [ 2 - 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)

The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) was originally indentified by Polyak et al in the analysis of p53-induced genes related to the onset of apoptosis ( 1 ). (ijbs.com)

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. (cancerindex.org)

This event is triggered by the activation of M-Cdk in late prophase I. Then the spindle assembly checkpoint examines the attachment of microtubules at kinetochores, followed by initiation of metaphase I by APCCdc20. (wikipedia.org)
Attachment of each kinetochore to a spindle fiber is assessed at the M checkpoint. (openstax.org)

Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. (bmj.com)

In a number of animal species, MZT roughly coincides with the mid-blastula transition (MBT) [ 20 ] when cells become motile and divide asynchronously. (biomedcentral.com)
TIMELESS regulates MYC-mediated G1/S transition and WEE1-mediated G2 checkpoints [21]. (monossabios.com)
These checkpoints occur near the end of G 1 , at the G 2 /M transition, and during metaphase ( Figure 10.10 ). (openstax.org)

PIG3 is highly homologous to NADPH oxidoreductase TED2 in plants and zeta-Crystalline in mammalian cells, and is considered as a proapoptosis marker. (ijbs.com)

The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)
Further analysis with GenomeLab GeXP genetic system on brain tissues showed that the expression of most xenobiotic metabolism, cell progression, tumour suppressor, DNA damage and inflammation genes was maintained at normal level. (upm.edu.my)
In the present study, the potential mechanism of PIG3 participation in the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation (IR) was investigated in multiple cell lines with depleted expression of PIG3 transiently or stably by the small interference RNA and lentivirus-mediated shRNA expression strategies. (ijbs.com)
However, a compensatory feedback of increased mRNA expression of DNA-PKcs was formed in PIG3-depleted cells after a few passages or cell cycles of subculture, which led the recovery of the DNA-PKcs protein level and the consequent recovered efficiency of the DNA damage response. (ijbs.com)
J-H Lee et al extensively investigated the participation of PIG3 in DNA damage checkpoints after UV irradiation or after treatment using the radiomimetic drug neocarzinostatin (NCS) ( 8 ). (ijbs.com)
The DNA double-strand break (DSB) is considered to be the most severe type of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, and this form of DNA damage must be repaired immediately to prevent cell death. (ijbs.com)
Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
In response to DNA damage, p53 slows the cell cycle and upregulales DNA repair enzymes. (ctsqena.com)
Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
A group of SIRT1 substrates regulate numerous aspects of the DNA damage response. (monossabios.com)
In addition to adequate reserves and cell size, there is a check for genomic DNA damage at the G 1 checkpoint. (openstax.org)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)

A lack of HGH can inhibit cell division, resulting in dwarfism, whereas too much HGH can result in gigantism. (openstax.org)
Crowding of cells can also inhibit cell division. (openstax.org)

Although, non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) display antineoplastic effects by repressing tumor growth and angiogenesis both in cell line and animal models, their use as chemotherapeutic agents is awaiting further investigation. (frontiersin.org)

LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. (affbiotech.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
As at the G 1 checkpoint, cell size and protein reserves are assessed. (openstax.org)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)

Silencing of the transcription factor hCAS/CSE1L, which regulated PIG3 expression, led to decreased PIG3 transcription and concurrently decreased apoptosis ( 3 ). (ijbs.com)

Reactivated after successful DNA repair through WIP1-dependent signaling leading to CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation and restoring cell cycle progression. (arigobio.cn)
One band of SIRT1 substrates regulates circadian rhythms, GSK343 novel inhibtior signaling systems which maintain 24-hour periodicities in different types from cyanobacteria to raised eukaryotes. (monossabios.com)

The three germ layers and the body plan of the mature organism are established during gastrulation, and the period is characterized by extensive cell movements and intracellular communications [ 21 , 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)

The Restriction point is also known as a checkpoint, where 'the cell is arrested at a particular phase of the cycle due to a lack of appropriate signals' (Hartwell and Weinert, 1989). (janechin.net)
The G 1 checkpoint, also called the restriction point (in yeast), is a point at which the cell irreversibly commits to the cell division process. (openstax.org)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma and provide evidence-based medical proof for improvements to postoperative nursing of renal cell carcinoma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
The results elucidate a mechanism wherein the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene participates in the occurrence and development of hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma in a mitochondria-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)

A checkpoint is one of several points in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the progression of a cell to the next stage in the cycle can be halted until conditions are favorable. (openstax.org)

The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)

The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)
The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
When fast-dividing mammalian cells are grown in culture (outside the body under optimal growing conditions), the length of the cycle is about 24 hours. (openstax.org)

Findings from the in vitro study showed that vanillin was cytotoxic towards HT-29 and 3T3 cells with the IC50 value of 400 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml respectively. (upm.edu.my)
Our findings revealed that different genetic backgrounds of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines resulted in divergent responses to the combination treatments. (frontiersin.org)

Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
Functional characterization of high and low avidity GSW11-specific CD8 + T cells was conducted using flow cytometry and bulk RNA-seq. (bmj.com)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) originates from either the cancerous renal cortex or renal tubular epithelial cells, and is the second most lethal urological malignancy, accounting for 90-95% of kidney neoplasms. (biomedcentral.com)
Our main virus model is EBV, a lymphotropic herpes virus that is associated with lymphoid and epithelial cell malignancies including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), immunoblastic lymphoma (IL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD). (ki.se)
In humans, the frequency of cell turnover ranges from a few hours in early embryonic development, to an average of two to five days for epithelial cells, and to an entire human lifetime spent in G 0 by specialized cells, such as cortical neurons or cardiac muscle cells. (openstax.org)

Germline mutation results in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (2nd hit is somatic), characterized by the propensity to develop multiple types of carcinomas and sarcomas, C, Rb also regulates progression from G, to S phase. (ctsqena.com)

PIG3 knockdown can suppress intra-S phase and G2/M checkpoints ( 8 ). (ijbs.com)
Systematic delivery of CREBZF-mRNA-NPs effectively induced CREBZF expression and activated the positive feedback loop of circPAPD4/miR-1269a/CREBZF/STAT3/ADAR1, which might suppress BC progression in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

Re-expression of PIG3 effectively rescued the depression of DNA-PKcs in PIG3-depleted cells. (ijbs.com)
As the expression level of hTERT was similar in both cells, the result suggested that hTERT could be presumably phosphorylated by BCR ABL. (rafinhibitors.com)
Tet lo demonstrated precursor exhausted or progenitor T cell phenotypes marked by higher expression of Tcf-1 and T-bet, and lower expression of the exhaustion markers CD39, PD-1 and Eomes compared with Tet hi , whereas Tet hi cells were terminally exhausted. (bmj.com)
CircPAPD4 expression was low in BC tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
More importantly, CREBZF promoted circPAPD4 expression by suppressing STAT3 dimerization and ADAR1 expression, revealing a novel positive feedback loop that curbed BC progression. (biomedcentral.com)
We orthotopically transplanted SK-LMS-1 cells and their derivatives in terms of TJP1 expression by intramuscular injection, such as SK-LMS-1 Sh-Control cells and SK-LMS-1 Sh-TJP1. (molcells.org)
We observed robust tumor growth in mice transplanted with LMS cell lines expressing TJP1 while no tumor mass was found in mice transplanted with SK-LMS-1 Sh-TJP1 cells with silenced TJP1 expression. (molcells.org)
To identify the TJP1-dependent factors important in the development of LMS, genes with altered expression were selected in SK-LMS-1 cells such as cyclinD1, CSF1 and so on. (molcells.org)
Surface Surface CD95 and CD95 reduced levels conjunction with caspase-8 and CD95 removable FADD expression or cell death sorafenib / vorinostat. (syksignaling.com)
As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. (medindex.am)

However, vanillin did not induce apoptosis and inflammation in ACF-bearing colon. (upm.edu.my)

Previous studies showed that vanillin was a good red blood sickle cell inhibitor, anti-microbial agent and anti-mutagen. (upm.edu.my)

The human renal cell carcinoma cell line A498 under hypoxia/normoxia was used as an experimental model in vitro and the biological characteristics and mitochondrial function of the cells were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro , propofol inhibited the growth and colony-formation of cervical carcinoma cells. (aging-us.com)
Functionally, circPAPD4 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)
Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)

Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)

Objective: To observe the effect of platelets on hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) implantation in mice with radiation-induced bone marrow injury and bone marrow transplantation models. (bvsalud.org)
Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes signs and symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
The specific medications administered depend on the choice of therapy and whether it is supportive care only, immunosuppressive therapy, or hematopoietic cell transplantation. (medscape.com)

Further analysis revealed two clusters related to cell proliferation and the tumor microenvironment. (molcells.org)
Taken together, these results imply that TJP1 contributes to the development of sarcoma by proliferation through modulating cell-cell aggregation and communication through cytokines in the tumor microenvironment and might be a beneficial therapeutic target. (molcells.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms7

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs119

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes79

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proliferation and apoptosis3

Tumorigenesis6

Induces apoptosis2

Replication17

Proteins17

Arrest18

Mitosis5

Oncogenes2

Mitotic catastrophe and cell death2

Metastasis8

Negatively2

Autophagy3

Differentiation5

Kinase7

Involved in tumor progression1

Promotes4

Phosphorylation16

Regulation6

Pancreatic9

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors1

Mechanisms9

Invasion9

Undergo2

Pathways6

Inhibition3

Metabolic4

Pathway8

Chromosomes6

Cancer33

CHEK21

Survival4

Onset1

Migration2

Spindle2

Chk11

Transition3

Homologous1

Damage14

Inhibit cell2

Angiogenesis1

Protein7

Head and neck squamous cell carc2

Transcription1

Signaling2

Intracellular2

Restriction Point2

Mechanism2

Eukaryotic1

Cellular processes1

Mammalian3

Findings2

Flow cytometry2

Epithelial3

Somatic1

Suppress2

Expression10

Induce1

Inhibitor1

Vitro3

Squamous5

Conclusions1

Hematopoietic4

Tumor microenvironment2