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Apolipoprotein C-IApolipoproteins CApolipoprotein C-IIIApolipoproteinsLipoproteinsLipoproteins, VLDLApolipoproteins AApolipoprotein A-IApolipoproteins BTriglyceridesLipoproteins, HDLApolipoproteins ELipoproteins, LDLApolipoprotein A-IIApolipoprotein C-IIApolipoprotein B-100Lipoprotein(a)Lipoprotein LipaseCholesterolApolipoprotein B-48Apolipoprotein E3Apolipoproteins DLipidsApolipoprotein E4Receptors, LipoproteinCholesterol, HDLApolipoprotein E2Lipoproteins, HDL3Receptors, LDLCholesterol, LDLLipoproteins, IDLCholesterol EstersChylomicronsLipoproteins, HDL2Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseApoprotein(a)HyperlipidemiasLiverLipid MetabolismArteriosclerosisUltracentrifugationATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Cholesterol, VLDLTangier DiseasePhospholipidsHypolipoproteinemiasAtherosclerosisHyperlipoproteinemiasHypertriglyceridemiaHypercholesterolemiaElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelHyperlipoproteinemia Type IICholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsLipaseHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVDietary FatsNephelometry and TurbidimetryKineticsLow Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1LymphIsoelectric FocusingCholesterol, DietaryTrioleinParticle SizeHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIIScavenger Receptors, Class BMolecular Sequence DataATP-Binding Cassette TransportersAbetalipoproteinemiaPhosphatidylcholinesHyperlipidemia, Familial CombinedApoproteinsCarrier ProteinsMice, KnockoutReceptors, ScavengerAmino Acid SequenceCells, CulturedHigh-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-betaHypobetalipoproteinemiasMice, Inbred C57BLMacrophagesOleic AcidLipolysisReference ValuesRNA, MessengerBiological TransportGenotypeHypolipidemic AgentsProtein BindingFoam CellsPolymorphism, GeneticAntigens, CD36Sterol O-AcyltransferaseAortaAllelesDimyristoylphosphatidylcholineImmunodiffusionSerum Amyloid A ProteinHyperlipoproteinemia Type VMicroscopy, Electron
MetabolismLipidsAtherosclerosisTriglyceridesHepaticAPOELipidLipaseProproteinPlasmaApoA-IIReceptorConcentrationsPeptidesLevelsCompositionGenesEnzymatic activityMyoglobinBiochemistryDensityMiceArterialDependDepositionCirculationDiseasesSignificantlyChylomicronsFormAmino acidChronicGeneticAggregationSubjectsRoleMuscleMechanismsProspectiveRiskBloodStudiesStudyFreeTotalStructureActivity
Metabolism5
  • The proteins, termed apolipoproteins, play an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • The plasma protein N-glycome is implicated in both lipid metabolism and T2DM risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, these results demonstrate that curcumin is a PPARα activator and may affect expression levels of proteins involved in amyloid deposition to influence amyloidosis and metabolism in a complex manner. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, this latest EAS Statement reviewed what is known about the structure, function, metabolism, and atherogenicity of TG-rich lipoproteins and their remnants, with the ultimate aim of identifying targeted therapeutic approaches to address residual cardiovascular risk associated with elevated TG levels (9) . (eas-society.org)
  • APOE is also involved in the formation of chylomicrons and VLDL and affects the activity of other lipid metabolism-associated proteins and enzymes, such as hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase. (dovepress.com)
Lipids10
  • Associations were not systematically stronger when comparing traditional lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein) to apolipoproteins. (nih.gov)
  • No consistent differences became apparent between traditional lipids and apolipoproteins. (nih.gov)
  • Plasma lipoproteins are macromolecular complexes of lipids and proteins that are classified by density and electrophoretic mobility. (medscape.com)
  • The nonpolar lipids (ie, cholesterol ester, triglycerides [TGs]) reside in a core surrounded by more polar components (eg, free cholesterol, phospholipids, proteins). (medscape.com)
  • Hyperlipidemia comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by high levels in one or more lipids and/or lipoproteins [atherogenic free fatty acids (FA), triglycerides (TG) (hypertriglyceridemia), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (hypercholesterolemia), and apolipoprotein (apo) B], and/or low level in antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), in the circulation [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We compared grade of physical activity, blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels during CGM and SMBG. (lu.se)
  • Blood lipids, apolipoprotein, and hsCRP levels were similar during CGM and SMBG. (lu.se)
  • 2 In the blood, APOE protein could interact with lipids, resulting in lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). (dovepress.com)
  • Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)
  • Due to the lack of detergent solubilization and reconstitution steps, the nSLBs created using this approach contain essentially all of the native lipids, as well as the membrane-associated proteins and carbohydrates from the donor membrane. (lu.se)
Atherosclerosis5
  • A low HDL cholesterol level is thought to accelerate the development of atherosclerosis because of impaired reverse cholesterol transport and possibly because of the absence of other protective effects of HDL, such as decreased oxidation of other lipoproteins. (medscape.com)
  • Novel role of ADAMTS-5 protein in proteoglycan turnover and lipoprotein retention in atherosclerosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Atherosclerosis is initiated by the retention of lipoproteins on proteoglycans in the arterial intima. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The reduction of ADAMTS-5 was accompanied by accumulation of biglycan and versican, the major lipoprotein-binding proteoglycans, in atherosclerosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study provides the first evidence implicating ADAMTS-5 in the regulation of proteoglycan turnover and lipoprotein retention in atherosclerosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Triglycerides2
Hepatic1
APOE15
  • Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-transport protein abundantly expressed in most neurons in the central nervous system. (dovepress.com)
  • This review will summarize the updated research progress on APOE functions and its role in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, multiple sclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, vascular dementia, and ischemic stroke. (dovepress.com)
  • The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is located on chromosome 19 and encodes a glycoprotein that is 299 amino acids long. (dovepress.com)
  • APOE plays multiple roles in the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein levels in the blood. (dovepress.com)
  • APOE serves as a ligand for members of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family and is involved in the removal of lipoproteins from the circulation for excretion in the liver. (dovepress.com)
  • 3 In this review, we discuss the biological functions of human APOE and its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), vascular dementia (VD), and ischemic (occlusive) stroke (IS). (dovepress.com)
  • APOE is a 299 amino acid plasma glycoprotein associated with LDL, VLDL, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). (dovepress.com)
  • In the plasma, APOE will associate with most lipoproteins. (dovepress.com)
  • The major apolipoproteins (apo) on human cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins are apoA-I and apoE. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Given the association between inheritance of the ε4 allele of the apoE gene (APOE4) and increased susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, we tested the hypothesis that cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins may be influenced by APOE genotype and Alzheimer's disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Four protein species were detected by silver nitrate staining in subjects with an APOE3 allele: apoA-I, apoE monomer, apoE-apoA-II heterodimer, and apoE homodimer. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The relative levels of apoE- and apoA-II-containing apolipoproteins correlated with APOE genotype but were not altered by Alzheimer's disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In contrast to apoE, no apoA-II immunoreactivity was observed with pathological structures in Alzheimer's disease brain. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These differences in cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins may influence lipoprotein trafficking and may be an element in the stratification of risk for Alzheimer's disease with APOE genotype. (elsevierpure.com)
  • ADAMTS-5 was markedly reduced in atherosclerotic aortas of apolipoprotein E-null (apoE(-/-)) mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Lipid1
  • routine lipid tests such as Homocysteine, hsCRP, Apo A-I, Apo A-II, Apo B and Lp(a), as well as, unique assays for cardiac risk assessment including sdLDL Cholesterol, Apo C-II, Apo C-III and Apo E. Check out our benefits below. (randox.com)
Lipase2
  • these accumulate if there is overproduction of TG-rich lipoproteins or compromised (albeit not absent) lipase action. (eas-society.org)
  • Indeed, beyond the lipoprotein lipase cofactor apolipoprotein (apo) CII, recent studies have identified the relevance of apoCIII in controlling the efficiency of TG clearance, and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) in modulating lipoprotein lipase activity, suggesting potential as therapeutic targets (14,15) . (eas-society.org)
Proprotein1
  • 6 There are also rare forms of FH that result from mutations in genes for apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), 8 and the low-density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1 (LDLRAP1), which causes a rare form of autosomal recessive FH. (acc.org)
Plasma6
  • A major class of molecules involved in heart disease are the plasma lipoproteins. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Linear mixed models were used to investigate the associations between plasma protein N-glycosylation and metabolic response (fasting, postprandial ( C max ), or change from fasting). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides a comprehensive overview of the interconnections between plasma protein N-glycosylation and postprandial responses, demonstrating the incremental predictive benefit of N-glycans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Liver weights and plasma ApoA-II and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were significantly elevated in curcumin-supplemented groups. (elifesciences.org)
  • Plasma TG is, however, merely a surrogate for estimating the critical lipoproteins - TG-rich lipoproteins and their remnants. (eas-society.org)
  • The Panel concludes that clinicians should continue to use plasma TG (either fasting or nonfasting) as a surrogate for quantitating TG-rich lipoproteins and remnants, as recommended by the 2019 European Society of Cardiology/EAS dyslipidaemia guidelines (12,16) . (eas-society.org)
ApoA-II1
  • ApoA-II homodimer was demonstrated in all subjects by Western blotting. (elsevierpure.com)
Receptor1
  • 3 Building on this work in 1973, Goldstein and Brown characterized the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and related the phenotype of FH to defects in the LDLR. (acc.org)
Concentrations1
  • Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), or hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA), includes a variety of conditions, ranging from mild to severe, in which concentrations of alpha lipoproteins or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are reduced. (medscape.com)
Peptides1
  • The reason why Peter Lansbury and others used the term 'natively unfolded' for a-synuclein and other proteins, especially peptides, is that they do not exist, to a significant degree, in the same kind of stable structure that larger native proteins like myoglobin do. (alzforum.org)
Levels2
  • Prospective analyses related baseline apolipoprotein levels to subsequent CKD incidence over 10 years using the ARIC Carotid MRI follow-up cohort (n=1659). (nih.gov)
  • We are currently studying the regulation of lipoprotein levels and composition to identify therapeutic targets for their manipulation with a particular interest in the Lp(a) and HDL lipoproteins which have opposing risk associations with heart disease. (otago.ac.nz)
Composition1
  • Emerging approaches include measuring the cholesterol content of remnant particles, or TG-rich lipoprotein particle number or composition, although none of these is fully validated for their association with ASCVD risk. (eas-society.org)
Genes1
  • We are also investigating the variation in lipoprotein-associated genes in families with various dyslipidaemias. (otago.ac.nz)
Enzymatic activity1
  • This new approach has been shown to preserve mobility and enzymatic activity of transmembrane proteins in the resulting nSLB. (lu.se)
Myoglobin1
  • Myoglobin , a small protein which leaks out of muscle cells after injury, is also considered a biomarker for the detection of Myocardinal Infraction. (randox.com)
Biochemistry1
  • When we're taught biochemistry, we see proteins in their physiologically active forms. (alzforum.org)
Density3
Mice1
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which curcumin affects systemic amyloidosis, we investigated amyloid deposition and molecular changes in a mouse model of amyloid apolipoprotein A-II (AApoAII) amyloidosis, in which mice were fed a curcumin-supplemented diet. (elifesciences.org)
Arterial1
  • This EAS Statement provides a state-of-the art review of current thinking on how TG-rich lipoproteins and their remnants are retained in the arterial wall and promote maladaptive responses central to plaque initiation and progression. (eas-society.org)
Depend1
  • Structurally apolipoproteins depend on their amphipathicity, and Ab is also an amphipathic molecule as a recent (Apr 18) Science paper mentions and the article by Charlie Glabe of 1994 showed. (alzforum.org)
Deposition1
  • Amyloidosis is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal aggregation of proteins to form amyloid fibrils, and subsequent deposition in various tissues and organs, which can lead to severe functional failures. (elifesciences.org)
Circulation1
  • Second, this EAS Statement provides a framework for understanding how remnants of TG-rich lipoproteins are generated and cleared from the circulation. (eas-society.org)
Diseases2
  • A dysregulated postprandial metabolic response is a risk factor for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mounting evidence suggests that the genetic disorders/mutation and diseases change not only the protein expression patterns but also membranes themselves. (lu.se)
Significantly1
  • While apolipoprotein B showed no consistent associations, a higher apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio was significantly associated with lower eGFR in both studies. (nih.gov)
Chylomicrons1
Form1
  • The most recent research came in the form of two studies, both of which made use of a tropical fruit, known as the annato. (vitanetonline.com)
Amino acid3
  • Six phenotypes were observed as a result of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at amino acid positions 112 and 158. (dovepress.com)
  • The amino acid changes could alter the protein charge and stability, inducing distinct physiological functions. (dovepress.com)
  • Apolipoproteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by silver nitrate staining, Western blotting, and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. (elsevierpure.com)
Chronic1
Genetic1
  • Independent risk assessment tests such as sdLDL Cholesterol and Lipoprotein(a) to determine any genetic factors which may increase their risk of CVD. (randox.com)
Aggregation2
  • See also David Thirumalai's Emerging Ideas on the Molecular Basis of Protein and Peptide Aggregation ' (.pdf). (alzforum.org)
  • In in vitro experiments, curcumin has been shown to suppress the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ, αSyn, islet amyloid precursor protein, ATTR, and prion protein ( Stefani and Rigacci, 2013 ). (elifesciences.org)
Subjects1
  • A third study, also in Malaysia, used human subjects with type 2 diabetes. (vitanetonline.com)
Role1
Muscle1
  • Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) inhibited ADAMTS-5 expression in isolated aortic smooth muscle cells and blocked the spontaneous release of ADAMTS-generated versican and aggrecan fragments from aortic explants. (ox.ac.uk)
Mechanisms1
  • However, the mechanisms leading to proteoglycan accumulation and lipoprotein retention are poorly understood. (ox.ac.uk)
Prospective1
  • Trends emerged in early observational surveys (1) , supported by later larger prospective studies (2,3) . (eas-society.org)
Risk1
Blood1
  • Method: The GOLD trial was a randomized cross-over trial over 16 months where patients used either CGM or capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) over six months, with a four-month wash-out period between the two treatment periods. (lu.se)
Studies2
  • There are several studies that show association with lipoproteins arrests toxicity of Ab. (alzforum.org)
  • While many studies have been focused on the membrane structure, the dynamics of such systems are crucial for the function of the membrane including membrane bound proteins. (lu.se)
Study1
  • No consistent significant associations were found for apolipoprotein B in either study. (nih.gov)
Free1
  • Now lipoprotein lipases hydrolyze the triglyceride into monoglycerol, glycerol, and free fatty acids. (labpedia.net)
Total1
  • There are also two other mutations, one in exon 9--FH Afrikaner-2, and exon 4--FH Afrikaner-3, which in total account for 90% of cases. (acc.org)
Structure3
  • The structure of all lipoproteins is the same. (medscape.com)
  • This would fundamentally change our conventional thinking about protein structure-function relationship, no? (alzforum.org)
  • I do not think there is a contradiction to the conventional thinking of protein structure-function relation. (alzforum.org)
Activity1
  • ADAMTS-5 activity induced the release of ADAMTS-specific versican (DPEAAE(441)) and aggrecan ((374)ALGS) fragments as well as biglycan and link protein from the aortic wall. (ox.ac.uk)