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ApolipoproteinsCholesterolCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLApolipoproteins ALipidsLipoproteins, HDLApolipoproteins CApolipoproteins BApolipoprotein A-IApolipoprotein A-IIApolipoproteins ECholesterol, DietaryCholesterol EstersLipoproteinsLipoproteins, HDL2Apolipoprotein C-IIIApolipoprotein C-IITriglyceridesApolipoproteins DApolipoprotein C-ICholesterol OxidaseLipoproteins, VLDLLipoproteins, LDLATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Cholesterol 7-alpha-HydroxylaseCholesterol, VLDLPhosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseLipid MetabolismPhospholipidsSterol O-AcyltransferaseLiverHypercholesterolemiaApolipoprotein B-100Tangier DiseaseReceptors, LipoproteinAnticholesteremic AgentsCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsHyperlipidemiasLipoproteins, HDL3ATP-Binding Cassette TransportersScavenger Receptors, Class BPhosphatidylcholinesDietary FatsApolipoprotein B-48SterolsEsterificationHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesHypolipoproteinemiasChylomicronsBiological TransportUltracentrifugationArteriosclerosisBileBile Acids and SaltsReceptors, LDLLipoprotein(a)LymphKineticsNephelometry and TurbidimetrySitosterolsbeta-CyclodextrinsHigh-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-betaHypolipidemic AgentsReceptors, ScavengerParticle SizeHypertriglyceridemiaLipoprotein LipaseIsoelectric FocusingHyperlipoproteinemiasHydroxycholesterolsElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelAtherosclerosisPhytosterolsLipaseCyclodextrinsAntigens, CD36TrioleinHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsLiposomesCarrier ProteinsRisk FactorsSphingomyelinsHyperlipoproteinemia Type IILecithin Acyltransferase DeficiencyFatty AcidsDyslipidemiasApoproteinsReference ValuesCoronary DiseaseHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVLovastatinFoam CellsCholestyramine ResinDesmosterolOrphan Nuclear ReceptorsTime FactorsApolipoprotein E3Mevalonic AcidCardiovascular Diseases
TriglyceridesApoBLipoproteinsLipidsLipidCoronary heart dApoEParticlesConcentrationsABCA1ProteinMetabolismProteinsTriglyceride levelsEffluxHuman apolipoproteinVLDLRaised low-density lipActivates lecithin-cholesterol acyPhospholipidsMmolBaselineLCATTotalParticleReducing low-density lipoprotein choAPOA1AtherosclerosisIntestinalSignificantlyDeficiencyCardiovascular riskSubfractionsSerum or plasmaIncreasesPlasmaRisk of cardiovascular diseaseEvidence suggestsOriginatesBlood cholesterolGeneticConcentrationFamily history of high cholesterolGlucoseDecreaseMeasurementInterestinglyPCSK9MembraneMetabolicHighGoodPatients
Triglycerides30
ApoB17
  • LDL-C, non-HDL-C and ApoB levels are inter-correlated and all predict risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or high TG. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This analysis examined the effects of extended-release niacin/laropiprant (ERN/LRPT) on the relationships between apoB:LDL-C and apoB:non-HDL-C in patients with T2DM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ApoB:LDL-C and apoB:non-HDL-C correlations were assessed after randomized (4:3), double-blind ERN/LRPT or placebo for 12 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pearson correlation coefficients between apoB:LDL-C and apoB:non-HDL-C were computed and simple linear regression models were fitted for apoB:LDL-C and apoB:non-HDL-C at baseline and Week 12, and the correlations between measured apoB and measured vs predicted values of LDL-C and non-HDL-C were studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LDL-C and especially non-HDL-C were well correlated with apoB at baseline, and treatment with ERN/LRPT increased these correlations, especially between LDL-C and apoB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the tighter correlations, many patients who achieved non-HDL-C goal, and especially LDL-C goal, remained above apoB goal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ERN/LRPT treatment increased association of apoB with LDL-C and non-HDL-C in patients with T2DM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lowering LDL-C, non-HDL-C and apoB with niacin has the potential to reduce coronary risk in patients with T2DM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LDL-C, ApoB and non-HDL-C are markers of coronary risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Niacin reduces LDL-C, ApoB and non-HDL-C, with or without concurrent statin treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Statins increase the strength of correlations of ApoB with LDL-C and non-HDL-C. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis has revealed the preferential deposition of apolipoprotein components of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), that is, apoA I, apoA II, and apoC, but not of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), that is, apoB. (medscape.com)
  • The method uses sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin in the presence of Mg +2 , which forms complexes with apoB containing lipoproteins, and polyethylene glycol-coupled cholesteryl esterase and cholesterol oxidase for the HDL-cholesterol measurement. (cdc.gov)
  • Improvements in total cholesterol, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B (apoB) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) compared to baseline. (newhope.com)
  • 4 Ho HV, Sievenpiper JL, Zurbau A. et al The effect of oat β-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for CVD risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Serum lipids profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A-â…  (apoA-â… ), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and clinicopathologic data were analyzed. (researchsquare.com)
  • Production of the proteins, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), the major component of HDL, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB), the main component of LDL, were studied. (chemistryviews.org)
Lipoproteins13
  • Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), or hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA), includes a variety of conditions, ranging from mild to severe, in which concentrations of alpha lipoproteins or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are reduced. (medscape.com)
  • A low HDL cholesterol level is thought to accelerate the development of atherosclerosis because of impaired reverse cholesterol transport and possibly because of the absence of other protective effects of HDL, such as decreased oxidation of other lipoproteins. (medscape.com)
  • The major apolipoproteins of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are alpha lipoproteins (ie, apolipoprotein A-I [apo A-I], apo A-II, apo A-IV), which are soluble and can move between different classes of lipoproteins. (medscape.com)
  • Lipid-poor HDL precursors mature by obtaining cholesterol and phospholipids from cell membranes or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. (jci.org)
  • Apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins are removed by precipitation with heparin sulfate and MnCl 2 and cholesterol is measured in the HDL-containing supernatant. (cdc.gov)
  • The apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins in the specimen are reacted with a blocking reagent that renders them non-reactive with the enzymatic cholesterol reagent under conditions of the assay. (cdc.gov)
  • Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), often known as "bad cholesterol," and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), sometimes known as "good cholesterol," are the subject of medical guidelines aimed at lowering the risk of heart disease. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Association of Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoproteins and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Individuals With and Without Atherosclerosis Distinguishing Between Particle Concentration, Type, and Content. (legehandboka.no)
  • However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)
  • HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors like statins (atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin) acts on the cells which absorbs the lipoproteins by inhibiting the enzyme (HMG CoA reductase) which regulates the cholesterol. (omicsonline.org)
  • The beta lipoproteins are structural, are never complexed with HDL, and remain throughout the metabolism of the lipoproteins with which they are associated. (medscape.com)
  • Levels of lipoproteins and therefore lipids, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, increase slightly as people age. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For the case of lipoproteins and their function in atherosclerosis, this approach can be used to provide unique information on the role that each lipid species exerts on lipid uptake and exchange, as well as the mode of action of specific apolipoprotein types and subtypes. (lu.se)
Lipids6
  • For the metabolic syndrome in which multiple mild abnormalities in lipids, waist size (abdominal circumference), blood pressure, and blood sugar increase the risk of CHD, the designated HDL cholesterol levels that contribute to the syndrome are sex-specific. (medscape.com)
  • Apolipoproteins are proteins that binds to lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overview of Cholesterol and Lipid Disorders The body needs fats (lipids) for growth and energy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Together, our findings provide new insights into molecular changes associated with metabolic risk conditions, suggest new condition-specific associations between apolipoproteins and lipids, and may inform new biomarker discovery in lipid metabolism-associated disorders. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast to plasma, CS-6253 had no effect on the assessed CSF apolipoproteins or lipids. (cdc.gov)
  • We propose the hypothesis that small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by virtue of their capacity to exchange lipids, affecting neuronal membrane composition and vascular and synaptic functions. (cdc.gov)
Lipid21
  • Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD), also called Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy (SCCD), is a rare autosomal-dominant stromal dystrophy that is characterized by bilateral corneal opacification, resulting from an abnormal accumulation of cholesterol and lipid. (medscape.com)
  • Alterations in plasma lipid and lipoprotein composition including a tendency toward an increase in total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) and decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels suggest that psoriasis may associate with the disorders of lipid metabolism [ 25 , 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Lipid metabolism in the epidermis may be regulated by the expression of apolipoprotein E (APOE), a glycoprotein which is synthesized in a wide variety of extrahepatic tissues including skin [ 27 - 29 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • More recently, studies in mice with targeted inactivation of ABCA1 ( 11 ) have demonstrated a critical role of ABCA1 in lipid metabolism and confirmed its role in the biogenesis of HDL. (jci.org)
  • JUXTAPID is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments, including LDL apheresis where available, to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) ( 1 ). (drugs.com)
  • Now, a trial comparing two doses of obicetrapib with placebo in 120 patients already on high-intensity statin therapy has shown that it significantly reduces low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by up to 51% over baseline and improves many other lipid parameters. (medscape.com)
  • Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is a protein that helps to transport lipid particles throughout the body. (requestatest.com)
  • 1 Among the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the lipid profile in RA has often been described as "pro-atherogenic", 2 based on decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased LDL:HDL-C ratio and lipoprotein (a) plasma concentrations in both active and treated RA. (bmj.com)
  • 15 Maki KC, Van Elswyk ME, McCarthy D. et al Lipid responses to a dietary docosahexaenoic acid supplement in men and women with below average levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Doctors label lipid disorders based on the type of high cholesterol you have. (upmc.com)
  • We can assess your child early (between 6 and 12 years old) if you have familial lipid syndrome or high cholesterol. (upmc.com)
  • ABCA1 is the main exporter of phospholipid and cholesterol from cells to lipid-free or minimum lipid apolipoprotein. (ac.ir)
  • To investigate whether blood lipid response to dietary fat and fibre vary according to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene locus. (uea.ac.uk)
  • While the measurement and management of cholesterol forms an integral part of cardiovascular risk management, it has been suggested that risk assessment could be improved by the assessment of various additional lipid-related markers either to supplement or replace traditional cholesterol measurements. (bmj.com)
  • The aim of this paper was to determine whether cardiovascular risk prediction could be improved by adding information on other lipid-related markers, including: apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I, lipoprotein(a), or lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. (bmj.com)
  • Lipid-altering agents should be used in addition to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol when response to diet and nonpharmacological interventions alone has been inadequate. (nih.gov)
  • Your health care team can do a simple blood test, called a "lipid profile," to measure your cholesterol levels. (cdc.gov)
  • HDL and LDL particles have been shown to play a role in the development and the progression of the plaque build-up and are currently used as biological markers in addition to measurements of total lipid and cholesterol. (lu.se)
  • The function and the lipid exchange of the HDL and LDL particles seems to be more important than the actual HDL and LDL levels. (lu.se)
  • Focusing on the lipid transport kinetics between both native HDL and LDL and large unilamellar vesicles made of "neutron invisible" natural, monounsaturated, phosphocholine mixtures we show that the the lipid exchange is assisted by collision and particle tethering to the membrane. (lu.se)
  • The data also show that the two particles exhibit different kinetic regimes, suggesting that the apolipoprotein plays a key role in enhancing lipid exchange. (lu.se)
Coronary heart d3
  • The US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) redefined the HDL cholesterol level that constitutes a formal coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor. (medscape.com)
  • HDL-cholesterol values less than 40 mg/dL are associated with increased coronary heart disease risk in adults. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to significantly reducing the primary endpoint-a combined rate of heart attack, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina or death from coronary heart disease-alirocumab was also associated with a 15 percent reduction in death from any cause among the full patient population and a 29 percent reduction in death from any cause among those who started the trial with LDL cholesterol above 100 mg/dL. (acc.org)
ApoE6
  • In addition, UBIAD1 interacts with the C-terminal portion of apolipoprotein E (apoE), which is known to help mediate cholesterol removal from the cells. (medscape.com)
  • Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants have been reported to influence psoriasis risk. (hindawi.com)
  • Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a protein that plays a role in fat metabolism in mammals. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In two independent experiments, plasma TG, apolipoprotein E (apoE), and A42/40 ratio were transiently increased following CS-6253 intravenous injection. (cdc.gov)
  • AF4 fractionation revealed that CS-6253 treatment displaced apoE from HDL to intermediate-density- and low density-lipoprotein (IDL/LDL)-sized particles in plasma. (cdc.gov)
  • Small HDL concentrations in CSF were positively associated with performance in three domains of cognitive function independent of apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 status, age, sex, and years of education. (cdc.gov)
Particles15
  • Researchers from USC's Keck School of Medicine discovered that a higher number of tiny HDL particles in spinal fluid samples was linked to two critical markers that the particles may protect against Alzheimer's disease. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Keck School of Medicine of USC researchers found that a higher number of small HDL particles in spinal fluid samples was associated with two key indicators that the particles might have a protective effect against Alzheimer's disease. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Now, a recent study reveals that beneficial cholesterol particles in cerebrospinal fluid are linked to brain health as well. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Researchers from the University of Southern California's Keck School of Medicine obtained samples of cerebrospinal fluid samples from people aged 60 and older and counted the number of tiny HDL particles in each sample. (scitechdaily.com)
  • This study represents the first time that small HDL particles in the brain have been counted," said Hussein Yassine, M.D., an associate professor of medicine and neurology at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. (scitechdaily.com)
  • They may be involved with the clearance and excretion of the peptides that form the amyloid plaques we see in Alzheimer's disease, so we speculate that there could be a role for these small HDL particles in prevention. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Using a sensitive technique known as ion mobility, originally developed by study co-author Ronald Krauss, M.D., at the University of California, San Francisco, the investigators were able to identify, count and measure the size of individual HDL particles. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Of the participants who took the cognitive tests, the ones with higher levels of small HDL particles in their cerebrospinal fluid performed better, independent of their age, sex, education or whether or not they carried the APOE4 gene, which puts them at higher risk for Alzheimer's disease. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The evidence suggests that these HDL particles may be key to finding treatments that would work early in the disease process, long before cognitive decline occurs. (scitechdaily.com)
  • What we're finding here is that before the onset of cognitive impairment, these oils - these small HDL particles - are lubricating the system and keeping it healthy," he said. (scitechdaily.com)
  • We still need to understand the mechanisms that promote the production of these particles, in order to make drugs that increase small HDL in the brain. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Yassine and his team were led to study HDL particles in the brain because of the many ways they keep the brain healthy. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Rainwater added that the decrease in HDL "good cholesterol" was bad, because "a decrease in the size of HDL particles is generally associated with an increase in atherosclerosis. (nutraingredients.com)
  • APOA4 on prebeta and prebeta-b particles efflux cholesterol from peripheral tissues via ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) (step 3). (jci.org)
  • RESULTS: Following CS-6253 intravenous injection, within minutes, small plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were increased. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations9
  • While it is well established that the fatty acid composition of dietary fat is important in determining plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, the effects of changing the absolute quantities of the individual fatty acids are less clear. (cambridge.org)
  • As the mass of TO in the diet increased, plasma VLDL-cholesterol concentrations rose. (cambridge.org)
  • Hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA concentrations were significantly decreased in animals fed on TP, while apolipoprotein B mRNA concentrations were significantly increased. (cambridge.org)
  • In addition, vitamin E caused two "paradoxical effects" on HDL metabolism: higher apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) concentrations and lower HDL sizes. (nutraingredients.com)
  • We assessed the effects of 2 y of weight loss achieved with various diet regimens on phytosterols (markers of intestinal cholesterol absorption), lanosterol (marker of de novo cholesterol synthesis), and changes in apolipoprotein concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • We assessed circulating phytosterol and lanosterol concentrations and their ratios to cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and B-100 in 90 DIRECT participants at 0, 6, and 24 mo. (nih.gov)
  • This agglomeration of abnormalities has been referred to as the metabolic syndrome which can be identified by the presence of three of the five following variables: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol levels, increased blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. (researchgate.net)
  • However, these changes did not persist: plasma concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index increased after 6 months and 1 year from the start of therapy. (bmj.com)
  • This disease is directly associated with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and is conversely associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations. (ac.ir)
ABCA112
  • Mutations in the ABCA1 gene or the APOA1 gene cause familial HDL deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The ABCA1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that removes cholesterol and phospholipids from cells by moving them across the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ABCA1 gene mutations and some APOA1 gene mutations prevent the release of cholesterol and phospholipids from cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These ABCA1 and APOA1 gene mutations decrease the amount of cholesterol or phospholipids available to form HDL, resulting in low levels of HDL in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mott S, Yu L, Marcil M, Boucher B, Rondeau C, Genest J Jr. Decreased cellular cholesterol efflux is a common cause of familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia: role of the ABCA1 gene mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • HDL apolipoproteins and ABCA1: partners in the removal of excess cellular cholesterol. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is highly regulated in macrophages and mediates the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoproteins, a process necessary for HDL formation. (jci.org)
  • The goal of this study was to determine the contribution of monocyte/macrophage ABCA1 to HDL formation in vivo. (jci.org)
  • At all times, the level of HDL in ABC1 -/- recipient mice remained low relative to WT recipient mice irrespective of the genotype of the donor macrophage ABCA1 or high-fat feeding. (jci.org)
  • The HDL formed as a consequence of the expression of WT macrophage ABCA1 migrated to the alpha position in a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (jci.org)
  • ABCA1 is expressed in many organs and is thought to mediate HDL maturation by facilitating the efflux of cellular phospholipids and cholesterol onto apolipoproteins. (jci.org)
  • Studies clearly indicated that ABCA1 performance has a key role in the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and an effective role in preventing cardiovascular disease. (ac.ir)
Protein9
  • Apolipoprotein O also known as protein FAM121B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOO gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The human, apolipoprotein O is a 198 amino acids protein that contains a 23 amino acids long signal peptide. (wikipedia.org)
  • The apoprotein is secreted by a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP)-dependent mechanism, probably as a VLDL-associated protein that is subsequently transferred to HDL. (wikipedia.org)
  • The movement of these substances across the membrane is enhanced by another protein called apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), which is produced by the APOA1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The gene produces a protein that contains a prenyltransferase domain that could play a role in cholesterol metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • MILAN - Adding the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor obicetrapib to high-intensity statins significantly lowers cholesterol levels and substantially increases the number of patients achieving cholesterol targets, suggest data from the ROSE trial. (medscape.com)
  • Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), reduces the risk for atherosclerosis by removing cholesterol from the membrane of foam cells. (edpsciences.org)
  • Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo-A1) is a structural and functional protein that constitutes approximately 70% of the protein in high density lipoprotein (HDL). (medscape.com)
  • Apolipoprotein A-I Increases Insulin Secretion and Production From Pancreatic ß-Cells via a G-Protein-cAMP-PKA-FoxO1-Dependent Mechanism. (medscape.com)
Metabolism13
  • The proteins, termed apolipoproteins, play an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • The gene is involved in cholesterol metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • This finding suggests an abnormal metabolism of HDL in the cornea with Schnyder corneal dystrophy. (medscape.com)
  • ApoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III), an important regulator of lipoprotein metabolism, is strongly associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and the progression of CVD. (portlandpress.com)
  • These effects on lipoprotein metabolism may be exerted through specific modulation of the expression of the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein B genes. (cambridge.org)
  • However, its effect on cholesterol metabolism in obese subjects is still unclear. (nih.gov)
  • Long-term weight loss is related to a characteristic response suggestive of altered cholesterol and apolipoprotein metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of the origin and function of APOA4 on HDL by studying its metabolism across 6 HDL sizes. (jci.org)
  • APOA4 metabolism on small HDL (alpha3, prebeta, and very small prebeta) was distinct from that of APOA4 on large HDL (alpha0, 1, 2). (jci.org)
  • Model of APOA4 metabolism, origin, and function on large and small HDL. (jci.org)
  • A ) Model of APOA4 metabolism on large HDL. (jci.org)
  • B ) Model of APOA4 metabolism on small HDL. (jci.org)
  • The mechanisms responsible for these effects of cocoa on cholesterol metabolism have yet to be fully elucidated. (chemistryviews.org)
Proteins1
Triglyceride levels2
  • A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of T4-triiodothyronine (T3) combination therapy versus T4 monotherapy for treatment of clinical hypothyroidism found no difference in effectiveness between combination therapy and monotherapy with respect to side effects such as bodily pain, depression, fatigue, body weight, anxiety, quality of life, and total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. (medscape.com)
  • People with this condition may develop high cholesterol or high triglyceride levels as teenagers. (adam.com)
Efflux1
Human apolipoprotein1
VLDL4
  • They are present in various lipoprotein complexes, including HDL, LDL and VLDL. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TM-rich diets produced a concentration-dependent increase in total plasma cholesterol which was a result of significant increases in both VLDL and HDL levels. (cambridge.org)
  • Criteria for the definition of familial HAs are (1) a low HDL cholesterol level in the presence of normal VLDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, (2) an absence of diseases or factors to which HA may be secondary, and (3) the presence of a similar lipoprotein pattern in a first-degree relative. (medscape.com)
  • increases as the total cholesterol level (which includes LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol) increases, even if the level is not high enough to be considered dyslipidemia. (msdmanuals.com)
Raised low-density lip1
  • The results clearly demonstrated that, in comparison with carbohydrates , lauric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid raised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, whereas the effects of stearic acid were largely neutral. (harvard.edu)
Activates lecithin-cholesterol acy2
  • APOA4 on alpha3 HDL in plasma activates lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (step 4) and the same or a distinct alpha3 subspecies functions to protect LDL from becoming oxidized (ox-LDL) (step 5). (jci.org)
  • Apo-A1 is produced in the liver and intestines and activates lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in the peripheral tissues, which transforms free cholesterol to cholesterol ester and facilitates its transportation to the liver, were it is degraded. (medscape.com)
Phospholipids4
Mmol1
  • All patients had to be on a stable statin dose 8 weeks prior to screening and had to have fasting LDL-cholesterol levels above 1.8 mmol/L (32.4 mg/dL). (medscape.com)
Baseline1
  • A prospective analysis by Mora et al investigated the link between cholesterol and cardiovascular events in women and found baseline HDL-C level was consistently and inversely associated with incident coronary and CVD events across a range of LDL-C values. (medscape.com)
LCAT1
  • However, extreme HDL deficiencies caused by rare autosomal recessive disorders, including familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA), familial lecithin-cholesterol acetyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency, and Tangier disease, do not always correlate with more frequent CHD. (medscape.com)
Total15
  • Subjects with hyperhomocysteinaemia had significantly elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B and lower vitamin B levels compared with subjects with 12 normohomocysteinaemia. (who.int)
  • Hcy levels correlated with total cholesterol ( r = 0.09), apolipoprotein A ( r = 0.012), and B ( r = 0.013) levels and total/HDL cholesterol ratio ( r = -0.085). (who.int)
  • Cholesterol in the HDL-containing supernatant is measured as described above for total cholesterol. (cdc.gov)
  • Reduce elevated LDL-C, Total-C, TG and Apo B, and to increase HDL-C in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia ( 1.2 ). (nih.gov)
  • During therapy, the changes in disease activity and inflammatory status were inversely correlated with changes in plasma total and HDL cholesterol levels and positively correlated with the variation of atherogenic index. (bmj.com)
  • 11 Sun YE, Wang W, Qin J. Anti-hyperlipidemia of garlic by reducing the level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein: A meta-analysis. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100: High total cholesterol. (upmc.com)
  • Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: High total cholesterol. (upmc.com)
  • 15] found that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in serum was higher in ovarian cancer patients than in control subjects, but total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) showed no such association. (researchsquare.com)
  • Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - or "bad" cholesterol - fell in the low fat group only. (healthline.com)
  • Although the improvement was small, the addition of information on the combination of apolipoprotein B and A-I, lipoprotein(a), or lipoprotein- associated phospholipase A2 mass to risk scores containing total cholesterol and HDL-C led to a slight improvement in CVD prediction in this population of patients without known cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
  • as an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated LDL-C, Total-C, TG, and Apo B, and to increase HDL-C in patients with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia when response to diet and non-pharmacological interventions alone has been inadequate. (nih.gov)
  • Both plasma total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were reduced following treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been shown that elevated select 15 000 people aged 3 to 69 years serum levels of low-density lipoprotein from district 13 in the east of Tehran for the (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol and study. (who.int)
  • From 2017 to 2020, 86.4 million U.S. adults age 20 or older had high or borderline high cholesterol (a total cholesterol level greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL). (cdc.gov)
Particle3
  • In the circulation, apoC-III is associated with TRLs and HDL, and freely exchanges among these lipoprotein particle systems. (portlandpress.com)
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the most abundant lipoprotein in the majority of species, implying that this particle has important functions in health and disease [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 30% of the population can have "normal" cholesterol values, but have elevated lipoprotein particle numbers. (anylabtestnow.com)
Reducing low-density lipoprotein cho1
  • Alirocumab would be superior to ezetimibe in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in statin-intolerant patients. (acc.org)
APOA14
  • Other mutations in the APOA1 gene reduce the protein's ability to stimulate the conversion of cholesterol. (medlineplus.gov)
  • HDL was isolated by APOA1 immunopurification and separated by size. (jci.org)
  • SREBPs attach to DNA and activate genes that boost ApoA1 levels, increasing "good" cholesterol. (chemistryviews.org)
  • A defect in the Apo-A1 gene ( APOA1 ) can cause HDL deficiency and systemic nonneuropathic amyloidosis. (medscape.com)
Atherosclerosis2
  • A higher ratio means an increased likelihood of cholesterol deposition in arteries, leading to atherosclerosis and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. (medscape.com)
  • Apo-A1 Milano is a naturally occurring mutant of Apo-A1 associated with a very low HDL level but apparent longevity and much less atherosclerosis than expected for their HDL-C levels. (medscape.com)
Intestinal2
  • A unique feature of APOA4 is that it is an intestinal apolipoprotein secreted on HDL and chylomicrons. (jci.org)
  • Midori Natsume, Food and Health R&D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., Japan, and colleagues have analyzed the effects of cocoa polyphenols on cholesterol using cultures of human liver and intestinal cells. (chemistryviews.org)
Significantly1
  • Multivariable Cox regression analysis found that preoperative higher LDL-C level was significantly associated with worse OS (HR 2.088, 95% CI 1.052-4.147, p = 0.035), whereas higher HDL-C level showed significant association with better PFS (HR 0.491, 95% CI 0.247-0.975, p = 0.042). (researchsquare.com)
Deficiency6
  • Familial HDL deficiency is a condition characterized by low levels of high-density lipoprotei% (HDL) in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with familial HDL deficiency may develop cardiovascular disease at a relatively young age, often before age 50. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, people with familial HDL deficiency do not have these additional features. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Familial HDL deficiency is a rare disorder, although the prevalence is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A shortage (deficiency) of HDL is believed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Familial HDL deficiency characterized by hypercatabolism of mature apoA-I but not proapoA-I. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. (medlineplus.gov)
Cardiovascular risk1
  • The 2018 ACC/AHA Guidelines recommend that cholesterol management be based on a person's lifetime cardiovascular risk, whether a person is 45 to 75 years of age, has diabetes, and has other factors. (cdc.gov)
Subfractions1
Serum or plasma1
  • Cholesterol is measured enzymatically in serum or plasma in a series of coupled reactions that hydrolyze cholesteryl esters and oxidize the 3-OH group of cholesterol. (cdc.gov)
Increases3
  • It has been demonstrated in affected corneas versus normal corneas that the cholesterol content increases 10-fold and the phospholipid content increases 5-fold. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, on a low-cholesterol diet, increasing the absolute amount of dietary palmitic acid increases LDL-cholesterol more than either myristic or stearic acid. (cambridge.org)
  • Trilipix increases cholesterol excretion into the bile, leading to risk of cholelithiasis. (nih.gov)
Plasma5
  • however, the contribution to the overall plasma HDL levels is minimal. (jci.org)
  • It is globally characterized by hypertriglyceridaemia, near normal LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol and low plasma HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol. (portlandpress.com)
  • The TP-rich diets increased plasma LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels in a concentration-dependent manner. (cambridge.org)
  • The small intestine synthesizes and secretes small HDL with APOA4 into the lymphatics (step 1), and these HDL then enter plasma circulation (step 2). (jci.org)
  • Individuals from two population-based cohorts, the Copenhagen General Population Study (2003-2015, N = 107 341), and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (1991-1994, N = 9387) were followed prospectively until end of 2016 to assess low plasma HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 as risk factors for cancer using Cox proportional hazard regression. (biomedcentral.com)
Risk of cardiovascular disease1
  • They increase the detrimental low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and decrease the beneficial high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol giving rise to a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in some individuals. (ifst.org)
Evidence suggests1
  • Increasing evidence suggests that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may play a role in cancer development. (biomedcentral.com)
Originates1
  • This evidence supports the notion that APOA4 on small HDL originates directly from the small intestine while APOA4 on large HDL originates from chylomicron transfer. (jci.org)
Blood cholesterol7
  • Recent articles have attempted to exonerate saturated fat from its long time connection with heart disease, questioning if certain types of SFAs may have a weaker effect on raising blood cholesterol. (harvard.edu)
  • 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. (legehandboka.no)
  • These have been shown to be adverse to health particularly in terms of their effects on blood cholesterol levels. (ifst.org)
  • cis -Unsaturated oils, on the other hand, show positive effects on blood cholesterol levels insofar as they decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol levels. (ifst.org)
  • Lauric (C12), myristic (C14) and, to a slightly lesser extent, palmitic (C16) acids show an overall adverse effect on blood cholesterol, whereas stearic acid (C18) is considered to be neutral in its effects. (ifst.org)
  • There are several types of drugs to help lower blood cholesterol levels. (adam.com)
  • How do blood cholesterol numbers affect me? (cdc.gov)
Genetic1
  • The etiology of HDL deficiencies ranges from secondary causes, such as smoking, to specific genetic mutations, such as Tangier disease and fish-eye disease. (medscape.com)
Concentration3
  • Therapy to raise the concentration of HDL cholesterol includes weight loss, smoking cessation, aerobic exercise, and pharmacologic management with niacin and fibrates. (medscape.com)
  • The color intensity is proportional to cholesterol concentration. (cdc.gov)
  • This action of the drug allows the liver to remove more LDL from the blood and lowers the concentration of LDL cholesterol in the blood. (acc.org)
Family history of high cholesterol3
Glucose1
  • Sample size poprotein (HDL) cholesterol and abnormal was determined using a confidence interval blood glucose levels are the dominant risk of 95%, power of the study was 80%, attri- factors for CVD [ 4,5 ]. (who.int)
Decrease1
Measurement1
  • From 2009 to 2016, about 1 in 5 adolescents had an unhealthy cholesterol measurement. (cdc.gov)
Interestingly1
PCSK92
  • Among patients with persistently high cholesterol despite high-intensity statin therapy, the proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor alirocumab reduced rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by 15 percent compared with placebo, in a study presented at the American College of Cardiology's 67th Annual Scientific Session. (acc.org)
  • PCSK9 inhibitors, such as alirocumab (Praluent) and evolocumab (Repatha) These represent a newer class of drugs to treat high cholesterol. (adam.com)
Membrane2
  • Experiments with model membrane systems have indicated, however, that membrane cholesterol reduces apo A-I binding to the membrane. (edpsciences.org)
  • and ii) cholesterol reduces macroion adsorption to the membrane by reducing the surface area of the membrane and restricting the dipoles range of rotation. (edpsciences.org)
Metabolic2
  • Since the discovery of the inverse relationship between HDL levels and coronary artery disease, the structure, function, and metabolic origin of HDL has been a subject of intense investigation. (jci.org)
  • The unique metabolic profiles of APOA4 on small and large HDL likely indicate that each has a distinct origin and function in humans. (jci.org)
High22
  • For men, a high-risk HDL cholesterol level is still less than 40 mg/dL, but for women, the high-risk HDL cholesterol level is less than 50 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
  • HDL is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because high levels of this substance reduce the chances of developing heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • High-density lipoprotein, or HDL, is commonly referred to as "good cholesterol. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In the study 251 baboons were fed two diets, both high in fat and cholesterol. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Ray began his presentation by explaining that any update to risk-based goals for LDL cholesterol "inevitably means" the greater use of combination therapies in addition to high-intensity statins. (medscape.com)
  • Noting that obicetrapib has previously demonstrated LDL-cholesterol reductions of 45% against low or no statin therapy, Ray said the ROSE study set out to examine the drug in addition to high-intensity statin therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Association Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-risk Populations. (legehandboka.no)
  • HDL cholesterol , or high-density lipoprotein, is the "good cholesterol" that hunts down and absorbs bad cholesterol. (upmc.com)
  • Cholesterol is a significant contributor to heart disease, but certain types of cholesterol, in particular high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, actually has a negative correlation with cardiovascular disease. (chemistryviews.org)
  • The low carb group lost 2.3 times as much weight and had significant decreases in triglyceride and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol levels. (healthline.com)
  • The trial included those whose LDL cholesterol remained 70 mg/dL or above, non-HDL cholesterol 100 mg/dL or above, or apolipoprotein B 80 mg/dL or above despite treatment with a high or maximum-tolerated dose of a high-potency statin (atorvastatin or rosuvastatin). (acc.org)
  • If lifestyle changes do not change your cholesterol levels enough, or you are at very high risk for atherosclerotic heart disease, your health care provider may recommend that you take medicines. (adam.com)
  • The most commonly used, and most effective drugs for treating high LDL cholesterol are called statins. (adam.com)
  • A diet that is low in cholesterol and saturated fat may help to control LDL levels in people at high risk. (adam.com)
  • The Ratio of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Apolipoprotein A-I Predicts Myocardial Injury Following Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. (medscape.com)
  • Because high cholesterol doesn't have symptoms, many people don't know their levels are high. (cdc.gov)
  • The only way to know whether you have high cholesterol is to get your cholesterol checked. (cdc.gov)
  • Children who have obesity or diabetes may need to be screened for high cholesterol more often. (cdc.gov)
  • Having high levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in your arteries and result in heart disease or stroke. (cdc.gov)
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) or "good" cholesterol. (cdc.gov)
  • HDL is known as "good" cholesterol because high levels can lower your risk of heart disease and stroke. (cdc.gov)
  • Your health care team will look at your cholesterol numbers, along with your family history, age, sex, and other parts of your lifestyle or health, such as smoking, that could increase your risk for high cholesterol . (cdc.gov)
Good1
Patients8
  • The common, mild forms of HA have no characteristic physical findings, but patients may have premature coronary heart or peripheral vascular disease, as well as a family history of low HDL cholesterol levels and premature CHD. (medscape.com)
  • Of note, however, 71% of patients who had corneal transplant surgery reported the use of cholesterol-lowering agents. (medscape.com)
  • The drug was also associated with up to 82.5% of patients achieved an LDL cholesterol target of 55 mg/dL to 70 mg/dL, all while being well tolerated. (medscape.com)
  • Preoperative HDL-C and LDL-C levels are significant predictors of clinical outcome in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. (researchsquare.com)
  • The drug's effect was even greater for patients at highest risk-those who started the study with LDL, or "bad" cholesterol, of 100 mg/dL or higher-who saw a 24 percent reduction in cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke, compared with placebo. (acc.org)
  • Such patients face a substantial risk of further cardiovascular problems and related death, particularly if their cholesterol level is not adequately controlled. (acc.org)
  • Because the treatment effect was so much more marked in the patients with the highest LDL cholesterol, we believe that these patients are the optimal candidates for therapy. (acc.org)
  • To mimic the adjustments a doctor might make when using the drug, those patients randomized to receive alirocumab had their doses adjusted in a blinded fashion (neither patients nor doctors were aware of the adjustments) in efforts to reach LDL cholesterol levels of 25-50 mg/dL. (acc.org)