CalifornicaSensoryBehaviorPostsynapticCell neuronsInteractions with neuronsVitroSingle neuronsPresynaptic neuronOscillationsDopaminergicNeurotransmittersMembraneNervous system1977Currents2021SynapsesPyramidalAbstractGangliaBuccalDendriticOrganismBehaviorsGrowthResearchersMarine snailDifferentiallyCellularSlugMolluscReceptorsHypothalamicNucleusDishMechanismsBasalRegenerationStimuliSynaptogenesisNeural2000NewbornDistinctDynamicsNeurotransmitterPatternsProteinScientistsNetwork
Californica24
- To investigate how neuron-immunocyte interactions might influence regeneration, we developed an in vitro model whereby neurons and hemocytes from Aplysia californica were cocultured. (elsevierpure.com)
- NYU scientists studied Aplysia californica, the California sea slug, in shedding new light on the nature of long-term memories. (nyu.edu)
- To explore this question, the scientists studied Aplysia californica , the California sea slug. (nyu.edu)
- Once the instrumentation is in place, subcellular neurotransmitter distribution and release will be studied using several different model neuronal systems from the marine snail Aplysia californica . (illinois.edu)
- The sea slug, Aplysia californica, was an important animal model for the first neuroscientists studying synaptic plasticity because its nerve cells are relatively few and easy to observe. (brainfacts.org)
- 2021. Co-expression analysis identifies neuro-inflammation as driver of sensory neuron aging in Aplysia californica . (miami.edu)
- 2020. Changes in metabolism and proteostasis drive aging phenotype in Aplysia californica sensory neurons. (miami.edu)
- 2018. Whole-transcriptome changes in gene expression accompany aging of sensory neurons in Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- 2018. A comparison of hatchery-rearing in exercise to wild animal physiology and reflex behavior in Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- Phylogenetic analysis of ionotropic L-glutamate receptor genes in Bilateria, with special notes on Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- Resource availability drives mating role selection in a simultaneous hermaphrodite Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- Habituation in the tail withdrawal reflex circuit is impaired during aging in Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- Age-related deficits in synaptic plasticity rescued by activating PKA or PKC in sensory neurons of Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- 2015. Dietary metal toxicity to the marine sea hare, Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- Aging in sensory and motor neurons results in learning failure in Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- Comparative analysis of early ontogeny in Bursatella leachii and Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- Behavioral aging is associated with reduced sensory neuron excitability in Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- 2013 Isolation of sensory neurons of Aplysia californica for patch clamp recordings of glutamatergic currents. (miami.edu)
- Pharmacological evidence that D-aspartate activates a current distinct from ionotropic glutamate receptor currents in Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- Unique ionotropic receptors for D-aspartate are a target for serotonin-induced synaptic plasticity in Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- 2010. The transcriptome of the early life history stages of the California sea hare Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- 2009 Larval growth, development, and survival of laboratory-reared Aplysia californica: effects of diet and veliger density. (miami.edu)
- 2008. Multiple mating, sperm storage, and mating preference in Aplysia californica. (miami.edu)
- Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh P.J. 2007, Short-term silver accumulation in tissues of three marine invertebrates: shrimp Penaeus duorarum, sea hare Aplysia californica, and sea urchin Diadema antillarum. (miami.edu)
Sensory6
- Synaptic transmission and excitability in Aplysia sensory neurons (SNs) are bidirectionally modulated by 5-HT and FMRFamide. (jneurosci.org)
- To examine this memory-weakening effect in isolated neurons, the researchers gave another group of slug the shock, then removed the two-neuron 'circuit'---one sensory neuron and one motor neuron---responsible for the tail-retracting reaction to touch. (discovermagazine.com)
- The scientists removed the key neurons from the snail's nervous system and put them in a Petri dish, thereby recreating in the dish the two-neuron "circuit" - a sensory neuron and a motor neuron - that produces the reflex. (scienceblog.com)
- Individual sensory neurons can be tuned to many stimuli, each driving unique, stimulus-relevant behaviors, and the ability of multimodal nociceptor neurons to discriminate between potentially harmful and innocuous stimuli is broadly important for organismal survival. (elifesciences.org)
- Central Pattern Generators A central pattern generator (CPG) is a network of neurons that produce rhyth- mic behavior in the absence of sensory input. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
- AC stimulation in Aplysia sensory neuron (SN) membranes was also blocked by methiothepin. (johnshopkins.edu)
Behavior2
- Cycle-to-cycle variability of neuromuscular activity in Aplysia feeding behavior. (cornell.edu)
- Changes of internal state are expressed in coherent shifts of neuromuscular activity in Aplysia feeding behavior. (cornell.edu)
Postsynaptic7
- Those neurotransmitters from the "sending," or presynaptic, neuron diffuse across the synaptic gap to the "receiving," or postsynaptic, neuron. (brainfacts.org)
- There, they interact with receptors embedded in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron. (brainfacts.org)
- The receptors then release the neurotransmitters, which are recycled back into the presynaptic terminal or broken down enzymatically, allowing postsynaptic receptors to receive new signals from the presynaptic neuron. (brainfacts.org)
- In general, LTP involves an increase in the number of glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. (brainfacts.org)
- It has recently been suggested that MAP kinase plays a role in coupling the synaptic excitation to gene expression in the nucleus of postsynaptic neurons. (asahq.org)
- It has recently been reported that mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (also known as extracellular signal reactive kinase [Erk]) might play an important role in linking membrane depolarization to gene expression in the postsynaptic neurons. (asahq.org)
- GABAergic miniature postsynaptic currents in septal neurons show differential allosteric sensitivity after binge-like ethanol exposure. (tamu.edu)
Cell neurons2
- We have investigated Aplysia hemolymph as a source of endogenous factors to promote regeneration of bag cell neurons. (nature.com)
- Enhanced regeneration of dissociated bag cell neurons was observed in the presence of central nervous system (CNS) sheath cells or arterial cells 12 , or material remaining after such cells were killed 13 . (nature.com)
Interactions with neurons2
- Our studies suggest that hemocytes, and by extrapolation, vertebrate macrophages, exhibit highly complex interactions with neurons that can exert a variety of influences on the course of nerve regeneration. (elsevierpure.com)
- Is the appropriate distribution of G-protein-coupled receptors regulated by interactions with neurons that synthesize and release the neuromodulator? (jneurosci.org)
Vitro4
- The ability of neurons from the Aplysia central nervous system to regenerate both in vitro and in vivo has prompted a search for endogenous neurotrophic factors. (nature.com)
- These results indicate that functional G-protein-coupled receptors for two neuromodulators are distributed differentially along the surface of a presynaptic neuron that forms chemical connections in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
- Studies were done in vitro in a pressurization chamber with intracellular recordings using multiple microelectrodes in identified neurons in the Aplysia ganglion or from the crayfish giant axon. (dtic.mil)
- Critically timed ethanol exposure reduces GABAAR function on septal neurons developing in vivo but not in vitro. (tamu.edu)
Single neurons1
- 2011 ) Identification of single neurons in a forebrain network. (neurotree.org)
Presynaptic neuron1
- This differential distribution of receptors on the presynaptic neuron is regulated by a target and does not require the physical presence of neurons that release the neuromodulators. (jneurosci.org)
Oscillations3
- 2013 ) Rhythmic cortical neurons increase their oscillations and sculpt basal ganglia signaling during motor learning. (neurotree.org)
- It has been found that in cultured Aplysia neurons bath applications of 40 mM cafffeine evokes oscillations of the membrane potential with about a 40 mV amplitude with a frequency of 0.2 to 0.5 Hz. (modeldb.science)
- Caffeine-induced oscillations of the membrane potential in Aplysia Neurons. (modeldb.science)
Dopaminergic2
- Hemolymph-supplemented media or coverslips treated with poly-l-lysine (PLL) and hemolymph also accelerated outgrowth of Aplysia dopaminergic neurons relative to PLL-treated coverslips alone 24 . (nature.com)
- The dopaminergic agonists apomorphine, bromocryptine, ergometrine and A-6,7-DTN mimic the action of dopamine on this neurone, all having a similar voltage-dependence to that of dopamine. (silverchair.com)
Neurotransmitters4
- Neurons can release small molecule neurotransmitters very rapidly in part because synaptic vesicles are docked to the membrane at active zones. (rupress.org)
- These studies are aimed at answering the questions: does a neuron target different neurotransmitters to specific release sites, and can a neuron release different neurotransmitters at specific terminals? (illinois.edu)
- Neurons can also adjust the amount of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) they release as well as the number of membrane proteins (receptors) that receive messages. (brainfacts.org)
- First, an electrical signal in a neuron triggers the release of chemical messengers - called neurotransmitters - from its axon terminals. (brainfacts.org)
Membrane3
- Neurons also contain other types of neurotransmitter receptors, such as those coupled via G-proteins to second-messenger cascades, that can modulate synaptic transmission and/or membrane excitability. (jneurosci.org)
- In Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons, dense core vesicles dock at the plasma membrane but are excluded from active zones at synapses. (rupress.org)
- Ten ATA of air had no demonstrable effect on the resting potential, membrane resistance, time constant or action potential of neurons R2, R14 and R15 Aplysia, and equivalent pressures of nitrogen or hydrostatic force did not affect resting potential of crayfish axon. (dtic.mil)
Nervous system2
- A marine slug may seem like an unusual choice for a study of memory, but Aplysia have been used in a wide range of neuroscience studies , thanks to their large neurons, relatively simple nervous system, and set of behaviors. (discovermagazine.com)
- 2010. Changes in D-aspartate ion currents in the Aplysia nervous system with aging. (miami.edu)
Currents2
- We also evidence that CIII neurons make use of atypical depolarizing chloride currents to encode cold, and that overexpression of ncc69 -a fly homologue of NKCC1 -results in phenotypes consistent with neuropathic sensitization, including behavioral sensitization and neuronal hyperexcitability, making Drosophila CIII neurons a candidate system for future studies of the basic mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain. (elifesciences.org)
- This is an important manuscript that clarifies mechanisms of multimodality in a class of insect somatosensory neurons and presents a model for how Cl - currents underlie cold nociception. (elifesciences.org)
20211
Synapses3
- Connection weights based on molecular mechanisms in Aplysia neuron synapses. (auth.gr)
- Neurons communicate with each other at nodes called synapses. (brainfacts.org)
- Forming a new memory requires rerouting nerve fibers and altering synapses , the tiny gaps across which neurons relay chemical messages. (brainfacts.org)
Pyramidal4
- Kole MH, Hallermann S, Stuart GJ (2006) Single Ih channels in pyramidal neuron dendrites: properties, distribution, and impact on action potential output. (yale.edu)
- Williams SR (2004) Spatial compartmentalization and functional impact of conductance in pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
- Williams SR, Stuart GJ (2000) Site independence of EPSP time course is mediated by dendritic I(h) in neocortical pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
- These forms of plasticity are due to increases in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, and can be engaged when dentate GCs fire in bursts (e.g., during exploratory behaviors) and bring CA3 pyramidal neurons above threshold. (eneuro.org)
Abstract1
- abstract = "We attempted to identify compounds that are effective in blocking the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor(s) that activate adenylyl cyclase (AC) in Aplysia CNS. (johnshopkins.edu)
Ganglia2
- This is a protocol describing how to isolate and culture primary sympathetic neurons from superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of newborn rat pups. (jove.com)
- The buccal ganglia of Aplysia contain a central pattern generator (CPG) that mediates rhythmic movements of the foregut during feeding. (modeldb.science)
Buccal1
- The resulting voltage oscillation spreads throughout a subset of gap junction-coupled buccal network neurons and by triggering plateau potential-mediated bursts in B63, can initiate motor output driving food-seeking action. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Dendritic5
- Goldberg JA, Deister CA, Wilson CJ (2007) Response properties and synchronization of rhythmically firing dendritic neurons. (yale.edu)
- Magee JC (1999) Dendritic lh normalizes temporal summation in hippocampal CA1 neurons. (yale.edu)
- Schultheiss NW, Edgerton JR, Jaeger D (2010) Phase response curve analysis of a full morphological globus pallidus neuron model reveals distinct perisomatic and dendritic modes of synaptic integration. (yale.edu)
- GP Neuron, somatic and dendritic phase response curves (Schultheiss et al. (yale.edu)
- In larvae, nociception begins in peripheral dendritic arborization neurons of the class III (CIII) and class IV (CIV) subtypes. (elifesciences.org)
Organism1
- Aplysia is a model organism for this type of research because its simple memories are well understood at the molecular and cellular level. (nyu.edu)
Behaviors1
- CIII neurons function via a high-low threshold detection system, whereby high levels of CIII activation (and strong Ca 2+ transients) are associated with CT, and low levels of activation (and relatively modest Ca 2+ transients) with touch behaviors. (elifesciences.org)
Growth1
- Isolated Aplysia neurons have also become valuable tools for investigating the basic biology of neurite growth and regeneration. (nature.com)
Researchers2
- The researchers "trained" these neurons by applying repeated chemical pulses that replicated Aplysia 's responses to stimuli, such as mild electric shocks, typically used in experiments. (nyu.edu)
- Researchers identified chemical and structural changes in relevant nerve cells of Aplysia that correlated with simple forms of learning and memory. (brainfacts.org)
Marine snail1
- Glanzman, a cellular neuroscientist, and his colleagues report that they have eliminated, or at least substantially weakened, a long-term memory in both the marine snail known as Aplysia and neurons in a Petri dish. (scienceblog.com)
Differentially1
- How do neurons differentially regulate synaptic vesicle and dense core vesicle release? (rupress.org)
Cellular1
- The way I see it, this model neglects to consider the neuron itself, as a -- well -- cellular automaton . (blogspot.com)
Slug1
- a type of marine slug, and in neurons in a lab dish, by blocking the activity of a particular enzyme. (discovermagazine.com)
Mollusc2
- The effects of increased air, nitrogen andor hydrostatic pressures to 10 ATA have been studied on electrophysiological properties of identified neurons in two model neurobiological preparations, the marine mollusc Aplysia and the crayfish. (dtic.mil)
- 2004. Feeding neural networks in the mollusc Aplysia. . (cornell.edu)
Receptors2
- The expression and distribution of neurotransmitter receptors are critical for information transfer between neuron and target. (jneurosci.org)
- Are different receptors on a given neuron distributed in similar ways? (jneurosci.org)
Hypothalamic2
- Lateral hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin neurons: A role in reward-seeking and addiction. (tamu.edu)
- The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) neurons in acute phase reaction using quantitative dual-labeled immunostaining with Fos and either OXT and AVP in several hypothalamic regions. (shengsci.com)
Nucleus1
- CREB acts in the nucleus of a neuron to switch on a series of genes, many of which direct protein synthesis. (brainfacts.org)
Dish1
- Neurons that control them can be isolated and studied in a Petri dish, as the study's authors did here, reproducing all the essential components of memory formation. (nyu.edu)
Mechanisms1
- 2003. Convergent mechanisms mediate preparatory states and repetition priming in the feeding network of Aplysia. . (cornell.edu)
Basal1
Regeneration1
- Several studies have found that hemolymph can effect regeneration of isolated neurons. (nature.com)
Stimuli1
- The demonstration that the same class of somatosensory neurons can respond to innocuous versus noxious stimuli, depending upon which protein those neurons are activated, could shed light on disease states such as neuropathic pain when touch signals are confused as painful. (elifesciences.org)
Synaptogenesis1
Neural1
20001
Newborn1
Distinct1
- Our research shows that the effects of individual repeated events interact in more nuanced ways and have distinct roles in working to form long-term memories-neurons can sense not just repetition, but also the order of repeated experiences and can use that information to discriminate between different patterns of these events in building memories. (nyu.edu)
Dynamics1
- 2007. Multiple contributions of an input-representing neuron to the dynamics of the aplysia feeding network. . (cornell.edu)
Neurotransmitter1
- By answering questions of neurotransmitter targeting and release, Professor Sweedler gains further insight into how complex systems of neurons interact in both healthy and diseased systems. (illinois.edu)
Patterns2
- We performed experiments using Aplysia neurons to identify the mechanism underlying the changes in the firing patterns in response to temperature changes. (kjpp.net)
- Accordingly, the voltage-dependent potassium current is likely to play a leading role in the temperature-dependent changes in the firing patterns in Aplysia neurons. (kjpp.net)
Protein1
Scientists1
- They are the first scientists to show that long-term memory can be erased at a connection between just two neurons. (scienceblog.com)
Network2
- They did not contact the neuron, but interconnected the initial groups, forming a network around the neuron. (elsevierpure.com)
- We provide evidence that an Aplysia neuropeptide, identified using an enhanced representational difference analysis procedure, implements feedforward compensation within the feeding network. (illinois.edu)