Apical plasma membrane proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

These findings suggest selective sorting of the G proteins to regional domains in the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functions as an ion channel in the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. (uconn.edu)
22 host proteins were significantly reduced on the surface of infected epithelial cells. (imperial.ac.uk)
We showed by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis that CD55 is cleaved from the cell surface by the EHEC-specific protease StcE, and found that StcE-mediated CD55 cleavage results in increased neutrophil adhesion to the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells. (imperial.ac.uk)
To explore the relationship between protein localization to the TGN and sorting to the plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells, we have expressed constructs encoding the TGN marker, TGN38, in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. (ox.ac.uk)
In the brain, Klotho is mainly localized in the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and, to a lesser extent, hippocampal neurons. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
See http://www.leica-microsystems.com/science-lab/protein-transport-processes-at-the-apical-membrane-of-polarized-epithelial-cells-applications-for-tirf-microscopy/ for additional details. (ucsd.edu)
However, it can only be fully understood in the context of other components, including the glomerular basement membrane, the podocytes and reabsorption of proteins by tubule epithelial cells. (qxmd.com)

AJs localize to the boundary between the apical and basolateral domains, and are thought to be critical landmarks for establishing epithelial polarity ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
183:1129-1143) provide new insights into how Cdc42 and Par proteins work together to modulate cell adhesion and polarity during embryonic morphogenesis by regulating the traffic of key cell junction proteins. (rupress.org)
Par proteins, like Cdc42, play conserved roles in cell polarity in many contexts, from early embryos to epithelial apical-basal polarity ( Goldstein and Macara, 2007 ). (rupress.org)
First is the disruption of enterocyte polarity based on staining of the FERM domain protein Coracle . (sdbonline.org)
In these blood situation barriers, the permeability barrier is made just about exclusively by TJs which seal the intercellular space in between adjacent membranes and confer cell polarity to restrict paracellular and transcellular transport of substances (Steed et al. (hivinhibitor.com)
The evolutionarily conserved polarity proteins PAR-3, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and PAR-6 critically regulate the apical membrane development required for epithelial organ development. (silverchair.com)

Cdc42 interacts with proteins that regulate endocytosis and exocytosis and mediate traffic between ER and Golgi. (rupress.org)
Syntaxins are type II integral membrane proteins localized to membranes that regulate vesicle transport, protein maturation, and exocytosis. (enzolifesciences.com)
Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. (cancerindex.org)
Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. (cusabio.com)
Several anterograde and retrograde signaling pathways, including the canonical Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathway , regulate synaptic development in vertebrates and invertebrates. (sdbonline.org)

Important biological events associated with plasma membranes, such as signal transduction, cell adhesion, and protein trafficking, are mediated through the membrane microdomains. (mdpi.com)
Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. (cusabio.com)

However, as is discussed, the degree of AQP2 downregulation as well as the intracellular localization of the protein differs significantly among the various conditions, suggesting that different mechanisms are responsible for AQP2 dysregulation in the various models. (artscolumbia.org)
Mutations in the gene coding for CFTR cause cystic fibrosis (CF). A major cellular disorder is insufficient apical plasma membrane localization of the protein. (uconn.edu)

have begun to reveal new components and new mechanisms associated with intracellular membrane traffic in a variety of cell types. (wormbook.org)
Combining immunopurification and subsequent analytical mass spectrometry, hundreds of proteins, including synaptic vesicle proteins, components of the presynaptic fusion and retrieval machinery, proteins involved in intracellular and extracellular signaling and a large variety of adhesion molecules, were identified. (mdpi.com)
Our previous work has identified five P4-ATPases (TgP4-ATPase1-5) and three non-catalytic partner proteins (TgLem1-3) in the intracellular protozoan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, quantitative immunoelectron microscopy of AQP2 labeling in the IMCD principal cells showed that there was a reduction in AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane, as well as in the basolateral plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles. (artscolumbia.org)
On the contrary, thirsting of the rats for 2 days resulted in a much larger increase in AQP2 protein levels, but little targeting to the apical plasma membrane (a lot of AQP2 was found in intracellular domains, i. e. (artscolumbia.org)
The apical complex of apicomplexan parasites is essential for host cell invasion and intracellular survival and as the site of regulated exocytosis from specialised secretory organelles called rhoptries and micronemes. (brookes.ac.uk)
Stimulation of acid secretion typically involves an initial elevation of intracellular calcium and cAMP, followed by activation of protein kinase cascades, which trigger the translocation of the proton pump, H+,K+-ATPase, from cytoplasmic tubulovesicles to the apical plasma membrane and thereby H+ secretion into the stomach lumen. (genome.jp)
Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. (bvsalud.org)

Many receptors and their associated ligands cluster into clathrin-coated pits by association with clathrin adaptor proteins such as the four-subunit complex AP2. (wormbook.org)
Many receptors then recycle to the plasma membrane either directly or indirectly via recycling endosomes. (wormbook.org)
Trafficking of yolk and yolk receptors also depends critically upon the activities of the endocytic Rab proteins RAB-5 , RAB-7 , and RAB-11 , known modulators of endocytosis in all eukaryotes ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)
Clathrin and cargo molecules are assembled into clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane together with an adaptor complex called AP-2 that links clathrin with transmembrane receptors, concluding in the formation of mature clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). (wormbook.org)
An abundance of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors. (kegg.jp)
As indicated in Table 1, the virus attaches to cell membrane receptors which include heparan sulfate (52), facilitated by viral glycoproteins B (gB) and C (gC) (53). (angiotensinreceptor.com)
The absorption of LMW proteins occurs in the PTC through clathrin-mediated endocytosis via 2 multiligand receptors (megalin and cubilin) present in the PTC apical border. (medscape.com)
Megalin is internalized by endocytosis and delivered to vacuolar endosomes, which then sort megalin into recycling tubules and deliver it back to the plasma membrane, thus keeping an abundant number of megalin receptors at the apical surface of PTC for further endocytosis and recycling. (medscape.com)

Membrane fusion and exocytosis. (kegg.jp)
In its GTP-bound form, Cdc42 binds several effectors that help direct polarized cell growth: repolarizing actin and microtubules, directing polarized exocytosis via this reoriented cytoskeleton and by direct contact with exocytic machinery, and recruiting proteins such as septins that form a boundary restricting the region of cell growth. (rupress.org)
Despite its importance, there are few data on the three-dimensional organisation and quantification of these organelles within the apical complex or how they are trafficked to this specialised region of plasma membrane for exocytosis. (brookes.ac.uk)

This gene encodes one of the connexin proteins. (nih.gov)
encodes a member of a novel protein family that contains contain a CRIB (for Cdc42/Rac-interactive binding) motif required for their specific interaction with GTP-bound Rop1 (plant-specific Rho GTPase). (or.jp)
The gene CPLCG5 encodes a cuticle protein that plays an important role in pyrethroid resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
ALMS1 encodes a ~ 0.5 megadalton protein that localises to the base of centrioles. (springer.com)
Lowe syndrome is caused by an inherited mutation in the OCRL gene, mapped to chromosome Xq 26.1, which encodes the OCRL1 protein. (medscape.com)

Others are recycled back to the plasma membrane via the recycling pathway. (wormbook.org)
After internalization, MT1-MMP is sorted in endosomal compartments, and a fraction is recycled back to the plasma membrane. (nature.com)

We found apical accumulation of both Drosophila E-Cadherin (DE-Cad) and the apical cue Bazooka (Baz) as cells first form. (rupress.org)
Rab11 is essential for polarized post-Golgi vesicle trafficking to photosensitive membrane rhabdomeres in Drosophila photoreceptors. (sdbonline.org)
The present study unravels a new molecular system for vesicle-based axonal transport of proteins in male and female flies (Drosophila melanogaster). (sdbonline.org)
This study shows that Schip1 , a Drosophila homolog of the mammalian Schwannomin interacting protein 1 (SCHIP1), provides a link between Ex and Hpo. (sdbonline.org)

Importantly, Cdc42 regulates membrane traffic at numerous sites. (rupress.org)
The GTPase Rab11 regulates endosomal protein trafficking and previous work has shown that loss of Rab11 caused intestinal inflammation and hyperplasia in mice and flies. (sdbonline.org)
Syntaxin 2 localizes to the apical plasma membrane and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. (enzolifesciences.com)

Sorting of newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins to the apical or basolateral surface domains of polarized cells is currently thought to take place within the trans-Golgi network (TGN). (ox.ac.uk)
Analyses of the distribution of Tac-TGN38 chimeric proteins in MDCK cells suggest that the cytoplasmic domain of TGN38 has information leading to both TGN localization and cycling through the basolateral surface. (ox.ac.uk)
Normally, ADH is transported in the blood to receptor sites on the basolateral surface of the collecting duct membrane. (medscape.com)

Endocytosis is the vesicle-mediated process used by all cells to internalize extracellular macromolecules, plasma membrane lipids, and plasma membrane proteins ( Figure 1 ). (wormbook.org)
One important model for mechanistic studies of endocytosis in C. elegans focuses on oocytes, which internalize huge quantities of yolk proteins and their associated lipids by clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)
The membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP (MMP14) is internalized by endocytosis and recycled in endosomal compartments. (nature.com)
The present study characterizes an inhibitor of endomembrane protein trafficking, TE1 (trafficking and endocytosis inhibitor 1/TENin1) that reduces gravitropic root bending in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. (portlandpress.com)
The low number of megalin at the PTC apical border explains the reduced endocytosis of low-molecular weight proteins that occur in Lowe syndrome. (medscape.com)

Loss of Pcs impairs Rab11 localization on the trans-side of Golgi units and induces the cytoplasmic accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles bearing rhabdomere proteins, as observed in Rab11-deficiency. (sdbonline.org)
Mutant Fibulin-3 Causes Proteoglycan Accumulation and Impaired Diffusion Across Bruch's Membrane. (mayo.edu)
Norepinephrine transporter, organic cation transporters, and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins play differential roles in tumor targeting, systemic elimination, and accumulation in normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)

Tissue sequestration is primarily mediated by members of the parasite variant antigen family of P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, which is expressed on the membrane of infected erythrocytes. (cdc.gov)
The Plasmodium falciparum protein, apical membrane antigen 1 forms a complex with another parasite protein, rhoptry neck protein 2, to initiate junction formation with the erythrocyte and is essential for merozoite invasion during the blood stage of infection. (nature.com)
Consequently, apical membrane antigen 1 has been a target of vaccine development but vaccination with apical membrane antigen 1 alone in controlled human malaria infections failed to protect and showed limited efficacy in field trials. (nature.com)

Transporters on the plasma membrane of tumor cells are promising molecular "Trojan horses" to deliver drugs and imaging agents into cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)

Par3 and Par6 bind one another and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). (rupress.org)
Through a G protein-adenylate cyclase coupling, activation of the ADH receptor increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and stimulates protein kinase A, leading to increased recycling of the protein aquaporin in the plasma membrane. (medscape.com)
Schip1 is necessary for promoting membrane localization and phosphorylation of Hpo by recruiting the Hpo kinase Tao-1 . (sdbonline.org)
Neuronal loss of the serine-threonine protein kinase Tao , a regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, results in supernumerary boutons, each of which contain a normal number of active zones. (sdbonline.org)

Whereas APPL1- positive vesicles localize close to the plasma membrane, we observed that WDFY2 localized to a pool of vesicles that was further from the plasma membrane and negative for APPL1. (nature.com)
Both proteins localize in the plasma membrane at the invasive (apical) end of its acutely-infectious tachyzoite stage. (bvsalud.org)

In coccidian apicomplexans there is an additional tubulin-containing hollow barrel structure, the conoid, which provides a structural gateway for this specialised apical secretion. (brookes.ac.uk)
In particular, human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins 1 and 2-K (hMATE1/2-K) likely mediate renal secretion of mIBG, whereas hOCT1 and hOCT3 may contribute to mIBG uptake into normal tissues such as the liver, salivary glands, and heart. (aspetjournals.org)

Total internal reflection (TIRF) micrograph of MDCK cells stably transfected with the apical membrane protein P75-GFP (green) and with its sorting receptor Galectin-3-dsRed (red) in close proximity or inside the apical plasma membrane. (ucsd.edu)

Its correction is important for developing CF therapeutics and treatments and requires a sensitive and precise method for quantifying apical plasma membrane CFTR. (uconn.edu)
In this study, the first liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of CFTR tryptic peptides that were used to quantify endogenous and over-expressed CFTR protein in HT29 and MK cells. (uconn.edu)
It was implemented by first selecting a surrogate marker peptide (designated as CFTR01, with amino acid sequence of NSILTETLHR) for analysis from a tryptic digest of purified CFTR protein. (uconn.edu)
CFTR quantified using this method showed 30 times improvement in the sensitivity of the analysis of overexpressed apical plasma membrane CFTR over in-solution digested samples that were surface biotinylated. (uconn.edu)
sults: sodium 133 mmol/L, potassium membrane regulator gene ( CFTR ) on He was readmitted 5 more times 3.4 mmol/L, chloride 100 mmol/L and chromosome 7. (who.int)

Each connexin protein has four transmembrane segments, two extracellular loops, a cytoplasmic loop formed between the two inner transmembrane segments, and the N- and C-terminus both being in the cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
Mutations of the cytoplasmic domain that disrupt TGN localization also lead to nonpolarized delivery of the chimeric proteins to both surface domains. (ox.ac.uk)

out there in PMC 2014 July 08.Mok et al.PagemTOR, we initial provide an update around the latest status of study on the distinctive junction sorts along with the constituent adhesion proteins at the BTB, and how they interact with every other to keep the barrier homeostasis. (hivinhibitor.com)
Required for the apical junction formation of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion. (cusabio.com)
Can act both as an adhesion and an anti-adhesion protein. (cusabio.com)

The specificity of the gap junction is determined by which connexin proteins comprise the hemichannel. (nih.gov)
In the past, connexin protein names were based on their molecular weight, however the new nomenclature uses sequential numbers based on which form (alpha or beta) of the gap junction is present. (nih.gov)
We find they gestate their future apical membrane in a sublumenal niche created by a transitional occluding junction that envelops the differentiating cell and enables it to form a deep, microvilli-lined apical pit. (stanford.edu)

A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)
We recently demonstrated that elevating levels of the pleotropic protein Klotho enhances cognitive functions in mice and humans, and can prevent synaptic and cognitive impairments in a transgenic mouse model that simulates key aspects of Alzheimer's disease. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)

There are several endocytic pathways that utilize different mechanisms to internalize portions of the plasma membrane. (wormbook.org)
Here, we have studied the function of WDFY2, a cytosolic protein that has been described to reside on endocytic vesicles close to the plasma membrane 6 . (nature.com)
To define the localization of WDFY2 in the endocytic pathway, we transiently transfected hTERT-RPE1 cells with green flourescent protein (GFP)-WDFY2 and performed structured illumination microscopy (SIM) together with APPL1 and EEA1 visualized with antibodies (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
Auxin gradients are established and maintained by polarized distribution of auxin transporters that undergo constitutive endocytic recycling from the PM (plasma membrane) and are essential for the gravitropic response in plants. (portlandpress.com)
The OCRL1 protein is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase primarily located in the trans- Golgi network (TGN), on endosomes, and at the endocytic clathrin coated pits. (medscape.com)

Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GP2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
select ( V1 , V2 , V11 , Protein.names , Gene.Ontology. (github.io)
V1" "V2" "V11" "Protein.names" "Gene.Ontology. (github.io)
The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Human adenovirus was detected by real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction and molecular typed by partial hexon capsid protein gene sequencing. (cdc.gov)

Because integral membrane proteins are freely diffusible in plasma membrane, this "fence" function of your TJ restricts proteins to their respective apical or basal location (Steed et al. (hivinhibitor.com)

Since TJs, basal ES and GJs are all linked to underlying actin cytoskeleton via corresponding adaptors, modifications in the organization of actin filaments in the BTB during the SNCA Protein web epithelial cycle play a important function in its restructuring. (hivinhibitor.com)
New replacement cells-the progeny of basal stem cells-are born without barrier-forming structures such as a specialized apical membrane and occluding junctions. (stanford.edu)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

abstract = "This study characterizes the distribution of various guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins (G proteins) in rat intestinal epithelial membranes. (elsevierpure.com)

Involved in the formation of a preapical plasma mbrane subdomain to set up inital epithelial polarization and the apical lumen formation during renal tubulogenesis. (joplink.net)

The bile acid sodium symporter (BASS) family transports a wide array of molecules across membranes, including bile acids in humans, and small metabolites in plants. (elifesciences.org)
The BASS family is characterised by two helices that cross-over in the centre of the protein in an arrangement that is intricately held together by two sodium ions. (elifesciences.org)
These proteins harness the sodium ion gradient to transport bile acids across the plasma membranes of enterocytes of the terminal ileum and hepatocytes, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
G proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamlde gel electrophoresis after adenosine diphosphate ribosylation in the presence of pertussis or cholera toxins. (elsevierpure.com)

While the glomerular endothelium is a porous sieve that filters prodigious amounts of water and small solutes, it also bars the bulk of albumin and large plasma proteins from passing into the glomerular filtrate. (qxmd.com)
Membrane trafficking defects caused by mutation in OCRL may explain renal tubular defects observed in Lowe syndrome, including the inability of proximal tubular cells (PTC) to reabsorb low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins and other solutes such as phosphorus and bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate. (medscape.com)

This endothelial barrier function is ascribed predominantly to the endothelial glycocalyx with its endothelial surface layer, that together form a relatively thick, mucinous coat composed of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycolipids, sialomucins and other glycoproteins, as well as secreted and circulating proteins. (qxmd.com)

To test the idea that loss of Rab11 may promote cancer progression, archival human patient tissues were analyzed and 51 out of 70 colon cancer tissues had lower Rab11 protein staining. (sdbonline.org)
Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate products and sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, but also contain endotoxin in the outer membrane of their cell wall. (bvsalud.org)

Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the presynapse. (mdpi.com)

WDFY2 localizes to actin-stabilized endosome tubules positive for the small GTPase RAB4 and shows a preference for highly curved membranes enriched for the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). (nature.com)
As a small membrane-associated GTPase, Cdc42 is well suited to designate where and when a particular activity should occur ( Etienne-Manneville, 2004 ). (rupress.org)
Cdc42 activation is limited temporally and spatially by several GTPase-activating proteins. (rupress.org)

Here we employed 'plasma membrane profiling', a quantitative cell-surface proteomics technique, to identify host proteins whose cell-surface levels are altered during infection. (imperial.ac.uk)

Mutant analyses revealed that apical Baz accumulations can be established in the absence of AJs, whereas assembly of apical DE-Cad complexes requires Baz. (rupress.org)

These results indicated that both TRAPPII and Pcs are required for eye development, but Pcs functions as the predominant Rab11-GEF for post-Golgi transport to photosensitive membrane rhabdomeres. (sdbonline.org)
Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains. (bvsalud.org)
Syntaxin 6 is primarily localized to the trans-Golgi network, and partially co-localizes with AP-1 on clathrin-coated membranes. (enzolifesciences.com)

We found that cells expressing the valine→glycine human being Duox (hDuox) mutant enzymes failed to translocate Duox in the plasma membrane and launch H2O2. (gasyblog.com)
It can also translocate to plasma membrane ruffles upon stimulation with growth-factors. (medscape.com)

[ 2 ] and (2) Mehta ZB, Pietka G, Lowe M. The cellular and physiological functions of the Lowe syndrome protein OCRL1. (medscape.com)

The exceptional ability of this parasite to reproduce in several types of nucleated host cells necessitates a coordinated usage of endogenous and host-derived nutritional resources for membrane biogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

In dendritic cells, the microtubule-based proteins, dynein and kinesin, figure out retention and transport of MHC class II-containing compartments towards the cell surface (37). (angiotensinreceptor.com)

Klotho is a type 1 transmembrane pleiotropic protein predominantly expressed in kidney and brain and shed by ADAM 10 and 17 into the blood and CSF, respectively (sKlotho). (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)

However, treatment of lithium-diuretic rats with high doses of the specific V2-receptor agonist dDAVP was able to cause efficient delivery of AQP2 to the apical plasma membrane (a greater fraction of total AQP2 was found in the membrane than seen in control animals), but there was only a modest increase in AQP2 expression relative to animals treated with lithium alone. (artscolumbia.org)
The reaction catalyzed by pertussis toxin revealed a 41 kd substrate in the crude and basolateral fractions and a 40 kd substrate in the apical fraction. (elsevierpure.com)
none of these subunits were identified in the apical fraction. (elsevierpure.com)

It should be noted that the protein aquaporin-1 is a water channel expressed in the proximal tubule and in the thin descending loop of Henle and is not regulated by vasopressin. (medscape.com)
In the presence of ADH stimulus, exocytic insertion of aquaporin into the apical, or luminal, surface of the tubule cell occurs. (medscape.com)

Here, we show that the endosomal protein WDFY2 controls the recycling of MT1-MMP. (nature.com)

Furthermore, LsGASA proteins are predominantly found in the plasma membrane and/or the cytosol. (biomedcentral.com)
We report that TGN38 is predominantly localized to the TGN of these cells and recycles via the basolateral membrane. (ox.ac.uk)

AVP resistance (AVP-R) (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) arises from defective or absent receptor sites at the cortical collecting duct segment of the nephron (X-linked, vasopressin V2 receptor deficiency, locus Xq28) or defective or absent aquaporin, the protein that transports water at the collecting duct (autosomal recessive, locus 12q13). (medscape.com)
The reduction in AQP2 (and AQP3) expression may be caused by a lithium-induced impairment in the production of cAMP in collecting duct principal cells (38, 39), indicating that inhibition of cAMP production may in part be responsible for the reduction in AQP2 expression as well as the inhibition of targeting to the plasma membrane in response to lithium treatment. (artscolumbia.org)

The beta subunit contains a C-terminal domain which is involved in cell signaling, through phosphorylations and protein-protein interactions. (cusabio.com)
Other components, including small proteoglycans and circulating proteins like albumin and orosomucoid, form the endothelial surface layer and are bound to the glycocalyx due to weak intermolecular interactions. (qxmd.com)

Plant Cell Wall Proteins: A Large Body of Data, but What about Runaways? (mdpi.com)
These structures maintain apical Baz, accumulate apical Crumbs, and organize polarized cytoskeletons, but display abnormal cell morphology and fail to segregate the basolateral cue Discs large from the apical domain. (rupress.org)
At cell membranes, Cdc42 recruits and stimulates activators of the Arp2/3 complex. (rupress.org)
Formation of the characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion on the surface of infected cells causes significant remodelling of the host cell surface, however limited information is available about changes at the protein level. (imperial.ac.uk)
Using this method, we quantified more than 1100 proteins, 280 of which showed altered cell-surface levels after exposure to EHEC. (imperial.ac.uk)
ACTIN-BASED CELL JUNCTIONS AT BTBAmong all the blood concern barriers, like the blood rain barrier as well as the blood rine barrier that are developed amongst neighboring endothelial cells, cell junctions are typically arranged in which TJs are localized at the apical region, to become followed by discrete AJs and DS, which constitute the junctional complicated (Fig. 6.1). (hivinhibitor.com)
DRAM2 overexpression also increased proteins CDK4, CyclinD3, and decreased p27 expression, all of which are cell cycle-related factors. (cancerindex.org)
It controls the localization of APC and CLASP2 to the cell membrane, via the regulation of GSK3B activity. (cusabio.com)
In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of the MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization. (cusabio.com)
Some glycocalyx components span or are attached to the apical endothelial cell plasma membrane and form the formal glycocalyx. (qxmd.com)
Plays a role in cancer development and aggressiveness by inducing cell migration and invasion through its interaction with the actin-binding protein EZR. (joplink.net)
Glomerular epithelium cell (podocyte) (at protein level). (joplink.net)

These proteins display extensive antigenic variation, concurrently changing receptor recognition, and tissue tropism of infected erythrocytes ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Cells were grown for 5 days prior to imaging with apical TIRF microscopy. (ucsd.edu)

Enrichment and purity of the membrane fractions were assessed by various biochemical markers. (elsevierpure.com)

Anatomy57

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