Epithelial cellsLocalizationMicrovilliCFTRCytoplasmicBack to the plasma membraneProteinsExtensively infoldedSecretionBasal plasmaBasolateralAQP2SyntaxinExocytosisLateral plasma membraneEither directly or indirectlyClathrin-coated pitsLumenPolarityIntracellularProteinTubulesExtracellularEndocyticVesiclesStimulationLipidActinMaturationEndocytosisIntercellularSpecificityInvolvementCellBindsJunctionConclusionCellsDomainSurfaceTrafficFusion
Epithelial cells5
- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functions as an ion channel in the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. (uconn.edu)
- In epithelial cells, apical-basal polarity is maintained through the formation of several intercellular adhesion systems consisting of adherens junctions (AJs), desmosomes, and tight junctions (TJs). (rupress.org)
- In the brain, Klotho is mainly localized in the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and, to a lesser extent, hippocampal neurons. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
- However, it can only be fully understood in the context of other components, including the glomerular basement membrane, the podocytes and reabsorption of proteins by tubule epithelial cells. (qxmd.com)
- This study provides a detailed ultrastructural comparison of epithelial cells in the anterior chamber and the papillate region with focus on cuticle ultrastructure, apical and basal plasma membrane labyrinths, and cell junctions. (pensoft.net)
Localization4
- Mutations in the gene coding for CFTR cause cystic fibrosis (CF). A major cellular disorder is insufficient apical plasma membrane localization of the protein. (uconn.edu)
- Studies using pancreatic exocrine acinar cells, in which the exocytic pathways are well defined, show primary localization of syntaxin 2 to the apical plasma membrane. (novusbio.com)
- Ex is required for apical localization of Schip1 in imaginal discs . (sdbonline.org)
- Schip1 is necessary for promoting membrane localization and phosphorylation of Hpo by recruiting the Hpo kinase Tao-1 . (sdbonline.org)
Microvilli4
- The apical plasma membrane bears long microvilli extending into a mass of granular material containing electron-lucid cavities. (wikipedia.org)
- The apical plasma membrane bears short microvilli. (wikipedia.org)
- Morphologically, monolayers lacking apical Ca2+e appeared normal except for shortening of microvilli at the apical plasma membrane. (nih.gov)
- Induces the formation of apical actin-dependent microvilli. (joplink.net)
CFTR3
- Its correction is important for developing CF therapeutics and treatments and requires a sensitive and precise method for quantifying apical plasma membrane CFTR. (uconn.edu)
- CFTR quantified using this method showed 30 times improvement in the sensitivity of the analysis of overexpressed apical plasma membrane CFTR over in-solution digested samples that were surface biotinylated. (uconn.edu)
- sults: sodium 133 mmol/L, potassium membrane regulator gene ( CFTR ) on He was readmitted 5 more times 3.4 mmol/L, chloride 100 mmol/L and chromosome 7. (who.int)
Cytoplasmic2
- Stimulation of acid secretion typically involves an initial elevation of intracellular calcium and cAMP, followed by activation of protein kinase cascades, which trigger the translocation of the proton pump, H+,K+-ATPase, from cytoplasmic tubulovesicles to the apical plasma membrane and thereby H+ secretion into the stomach lumen. (genome.jp)
- The apical plasma membrane in both hindgut regions forms an apical plasma membrane labyrinth of cytoplasmic strands and extracellular spaces. (pensoft.net)
Back to the plasma membrane3
- After internalization, MT1-MMP is sorted in endosomal compartments, and a fraction is recycled back to the plasma membrane. (nature.com)
- Others are recycled back to the plasma membrane via the recycling pathway. (wormbook.org)
- Megalin is internalized by endocytosis and delivered to vacuolar endosomes, which then sort megalin into recycling tubules and deliver it back to the plasma membrane, thus keeping an abundant number of megalin receptors at the apical surface of PTC for further endocytosis and recycling. (medscape.com)
Proteins11
- Syntaxins are type II integral membrane proteins localized to membranes that regulate vesicle transport, protein maturation, and exocytosis. (enzolifesciences.com)
- Endocytosis is the vesicle-mediated process used by all cells to internalize extracellular macromolecules, plasma membrane lipids, and plasma membrane proteins ( Figure 1 ). (wormbook.org)
- This review focuses on emerging topics encompassing the functional involvement of aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs) and membrane transport systems, also allowing permeation of NO and hydrogen peroxide, a major ROS, in oxidative stress physiology and pathophysiology. (hindawi.com)
- This notion has been challenged by the discovery of new membrane transport functions, especially those exerted by aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins widespread in nature [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Syntaxin 2, also known as epimorphin, is a 35 kDa type II integral membrane that belongs to the t SNARE family, a group of proteins involved in protein transport. (novusbio.com)
- The TJ consists of transmembrane proteins occludin, claudins, and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs), which are organized in intramembranous strands and are linked to the F-actin cytoskeleton either directly or indirectly through members of the MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) family of proteins ZO-1, -2, and -3. (rupress.org)
- A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)
- Membrane trafficking defects caused by mutation in OCRL may explain renal tubular defects observed in Lowe syndrome, including the inability of proximal tubular cells (PTC) to reabsorb low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins and other solutes such as phosphorus and bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate. (medscape.com)
- The absorption of LMW proteins occurs in the PTC through clathrin-mediated endocytosis via 2 multiligand receptors (megalin and cubilin) present in the PTC apical border. (medscape.com)
- The low number of megalin at the PTC apical border explains the reduced endocytosis of low-molecular weight proteins that occur in Lowe syndrome. (medscape.com)
- While the glomerular endothelium is a porous sieve that filters prodigious amounts of water and small solutes, it also bars the bulk of albumin and large plasma proteins from passing into the glomerular filtrate. (qxmd.com)
Extensively infolded2
- Ellipsoid gland cells have an extensively infolded basal plasma membrane, abundant ribosomes and whorls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. (wikipedia.org)
- The basal plasma membrane is extensively infolded and associated with numerous mitochondria in the papillate region, while it forms relatively scarce basal infoldings in the anterior chamber. (pensoft.net)
Secretion2
- The apical transport processes responsible for proton secretion were studied in the isolated perfused rabbit S3 proximal tubule. (jci.org)
- In coccidian apicomplexans there is an additional tubulin-containing hollow barrel structure, the conoid, which provides a structural gateway for this specialised apical secretion. (brookes.ac.uk)
Basal plasma1
- The morphology of apical and basal plasma membranes and localisation of Na + /K + -ATPase are compared with other arthropod-transporting epithelia according to different functions of the anterior chamber and the papillate region. (pensoft.net)
Basolateral3
- In addition, quantitative immunoelectron microscopy of AQP2 labeling in the IMCD principal cells showed that there was a reduction in AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane, as well as in the basolateral plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles. (artscolumbia.org)
- Thus reduction of AQP2 in both the apical and the basolateral plasma membrane may participate in the overall reduced water reabsorption (149). (artscolumbia.org)
- Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. (bvsalud.org)
AQP28
- The reduction in AQP2 (and AQP3) expression may be caused by a lithium-induced impairment in the production of cAMP in collecting duct principal cells (38, 39), indicating that inhibition of cAMP production may in part be responsible for the reduction in AQP2 expression as well as the inhibition of targeting to the plasma membrane in response to lithium treatment. (artscolumbia.org)
- However, treatment of lithium-diuretic rats with high doses of the specific V2-receptor agonist dDAVP was able to cause efficient delivery of AQP2 to the apical plasma membrane (a greater fraction of total AQP2 was found in the membrane than seen in control animals), but there was only a modest increase in AQP2 expression relative to animals treated with lithium alone. (artscolumbia.org)
- On the contrary, thirsting of the rats for 2 days resulted in a much larger increase in AQP2 protein levels, but little targeting to the apical plasma membrane (a lot of AQP2 was found in intracellular domains, i. e. (artscolumbia.org)
- IMCD-3 cells express AQP2 with an even distribution in cytosol and membrane in untreated control cells. (asn-online.org)
- Stimulation of IMCD-3 with vasopressin promotes a dramatic membrane distribution of AQP2. (asn-online.org)
- To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that treatment of IMCD-3 with imatinib enhances AQP2 membrane distribution. (asn-online.org)
- The bidirectional control of AQP2 trafficking from cytoplasm to the apical plasma membrane is regulated by vasopressin/vasopressin receptor (VP/VPR) pathway and filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization/depolymerization. (asn-online.org)
- However, trafficking of AQP2 to and from the apical plasma membrane was sustained. (bvsalud.org)
Syntaxin2
- Syntaxin 2 localizes to the apical plasma membrane and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. (enzolifesciences.com)
- Syntaxin 6 is primarily localized to the trans-Golgi network, and partially co-localizes with AP-1 on clathrin-coated membranes. (enzolifesciences.com)
Exocytosis3
- Membrane fusion and exocytosis. (kegg.jp)
- The apical complex of apicomplexan parasites is essential for host cell invasion and intracellular survival and as the site of regulated exocytosis from specialised secretory organelles called rhoptries and micronemes. (brookes.ac.uk)
- Despite its importance, there are few data on the three-dimensional organisation and quantification of these organelles within the apical complex or how they are trafficked to this specialised region of plasma membrane for exocytosis. (brookes.ac.uk)
Lateral plasma membrane1
- Furthermore, this Ca2+ dependence seems to be spatially segregated along the lateral plasma membrane as well as along the circumference of the thyrocyte. (nih.gov)
Either directly or indirectly1
- Many receptors then recycle to the plasma membrane either directly or indirectly via recycling endosomes. (wormbook.org)
Clathrin-coated pits1
- Clathrin and cargo molecules are assembled into clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane together with an adaptor complex called AP-2 that links clathrin with transmembrane receptors, concluding in the formation of mature clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). (wormbook.org)
Lumen1
- Involved in the formation of a preapical plasma mbrane subdomain to set up inital epithelial polarization and the apical lumen formation during renal tubulogenesis. (joplink.net)
Polarity1
- Golachowska, M. R., Hoekstra, D. & van IJzendoorn, S. C. Recycling endosomes in apical plasma membrane domain formation and epithelial cell polarity. (nature.com)
Intracellular4
- Apical Na+/H+ antiporter and glycolysis-dependent H+-ATPase regulate intracellular pH in the rabbit S3 proximal tubule. (jci.org)
- S3 tubules also possess a plasma membrane H+-ATPase that can regulate pHi, has a requirement for intracellular chloride, and utilizes ATP derived primarily from glycolysis. (jci.org)
- have begun to reveal new components and new mechanisms associated with intracellular membrane traffic in a variety of cell types. (wormbook.org)
- Cullen, 1997), suggesting that an increase in intracellular IP4 levels leads to the release of the PH domain from the membrane. (sdbonline.org)
Protein3
- Here, we have studied the function of WDFY2, a cytosolic protein that has been described to reside on endocytic vesicles close to the plasma membrane 6 . (nature.com)
- Tissue sequestration is primarily mediated by members of the parasite variant antigen family of P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, which is expressed on the membrane of infected erythrocytes. (cdc.gov)
- Sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the placenta is mediated by VAR2CSA, the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variant that binds to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) on the syncytiotrophoblast ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
Tubules2
- WDFY2 localizes to endosomal tubules by binding to membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). (nature.com)
- WDFY2 localizes to actin-stabilized endosome tubules positive for the small GTPase RAB4 and shows a preference for highly curved membranes enriched for the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). (nature.com)
Extracellular1
- Yet, NOX2 can also be recruited to the plasma membrane of phagocytes leading to the generation of extracellular H 2 O 2 ( Aviello and Knaus, 2018 ), and NOX2-derived ROS participate in major signaling pathways, both within the individual phagocyte and surrounding cells. (frontiersin.org)
Endocytic2
- There are several endocytic pathways that utilize different mechanisms to internalize portions of the plasma membrane. (wormbook.org)
- Auxin gradients are established and maintained by polarized distribution of auxin transporters that undergo constitutive endocytic recycling from the PM (plasma membrane) and are essential for the gravitropic response in plants. (portlandpress.com)
Vesicles2
- WDFY2 knockout causes a strong redistribution of VAMP3 into small vesicles near the plasma membrane. (nature.com)
- Whereas APPL1- positive vesicles localize close to the plasma membrane, we observed that WDFY2 localized to a pool of vesicles that was further from the plasma membrane and negative for APPL1. (nature.com)
Stimulation1
- It can also translocate to plasma membrane ruffles upon stimulation with growth-factors. (medscape.com)
Lipid1
- Throughout the years, ROS and NO have been widely considered to enter cells by freely diffusing through the cell membrane lipid bilayer and not via specific transporters or channels. (hindawi.com)
Actin1
- The adherent junction-associated actin bundle was partly retracted into the apical cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
Maturation1
- Similar to wild-type (WT) keratinocytes, Tiam1-deficient cells establish primordial E-cadherin-based adhesions, but subsequent junction maturation and membrane sealing are severely impaired. (rupress.org)
Endocytosis1
- The membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP (MMP14) is internalized by endocytosis and recycled in endosomal compartments. (nature.com)
Intercellular1
- Removal of basal Ca2+e caused a focal dissociation of the adherens junction, which was most pronounced at the three-cell corners, leaving a slight dilation of the apical-most portion of the intercellular cleft. (nih.gov)
Specificity2
Involvement1
- This review focuses on an emerging topic, the functional involvement of AQPs in ROS membrane transport, with specific regard to the movement of hydrogen peroxide and NO into and out of cells, in both health and oxidative stress-induced diseases. (hindawi.com)
Cell6
- Progenitors of the zebrafish laterality organ originate from the superficial epithelial enveloping layer by an apical constriction process of cell delamination. (elifesciences.org)
- Hair-cell-membrane changes in the cochlea following noise. (cdc.gov)
- Mulroy et al ('98) provided indirect evidence that alligator lizards with noise-induced TTS have microlesions in hair-cell plasma membranes. (cdc.gov)
- Some glycocalyx components span or are attached to the apical endothelial cell plasma membrane and form the formal glycocalyx. (qxmd.com)
- Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate products and sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, but also contain endotoxin in the outer membrane of their cell wall. (bvsalud.org)
- Importantly, we observed that loss of N-myristoylation resulted in greatly reduced infectivity of assembled mature virus particles, characterized by significantly reduced host cell entry and a decline in membrane fusion activity of progeny virus. (cdc.gov)
Binds1
- upon elevation of Ca2+ and IP4 concentrations, the PH domain binds to IP4 thereby stimulating catalytic activity, while at the same time the C2a domain takes over the role of membrane tether. (sdbonline.org)
Junction1
- Ca2+ in the apical and basal media was selectively removed by ethylene glycol-bis(beta-amino-ethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and the effect on occluding junction integrity was estimated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (RTE) and the transepithelial flux (FTE) of 125I-, [3H]inulin and 125I-thyroglobulin. (nih.gov)
Conclusion1
- In conclusion, the S3 proximal tubule has an apical Na+/H+ antiporter with a Michaelis constant for Na+ of 29 mM and a maximum velocity of 0.47 pH/min. (jci.org)
Cells2
- Similar to vasopressin, treatment of IMCD-3 cells with imatinib also induced a profound membrane distribution. (asn-online.org)
- By TEM, the apical membranes of some degenerating hair cells contained microlesions. (cdc.gov)
Domain1
- Fukuda, 1996), implying that release of the PH domain from the membrane is accompanied by activation of the catalytic domain. (sdbonline.org)
Surface1
- Indeed, bound plasma albumin is a major constituent of the endothelial surface layer and contributes to its barrier function. (qxmd.com)
Traffic2
Fusion1
- SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. (kegg.jp)