Apical invasion proteins from parasite secretory organelles. Medical search. Frequent questions

Micronemes are secretory organelles, possessed by parasitic apicomplexans. (wikipedia.org)
Micronemes are located on the apical third of the protozoan body. (wikipedia.org)
The apical complex of apicomplexan parasites is essential for host cell invasion and intracellular survival and as the site of regulated exocytosis from specialised secretory organelles called rhoptries and micronemes. (brookes.ac.uk)
Neospora caninum has three specific secretory organelles, namely micronemes, rhoptries, and dense granules, which sequentially discharge effectors during invasion. (biomedcentral.com)

Apicomplexan parasites possess secretory organelles called rhoptries that undergo regulated exocytosis upon contact with the host. (stanford.edu)

First described in 1901 as Piroplasma equi , this re-emergent apicomplexan parasite was renamed Babesia equi and subsequently Theileria equi , reflecting an uncertain taxonomy. (biomedcentral.com)

These organelles secrete several proteins such as the Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen-1, or PfAMA1, and Erythrocyte family antigen, or EBA, family proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Despite its epidemiological importance, few antigens from this parasite species have been characterized to date compared to Plasmodium falciparum , due in part to the difficulties of maintaining an in vitro culture of P. vivax . (biomedcentral.com)
Genes adjacent to pvtramp were identified in silico to determine the degree of similarity between the protein sequences encoded by equivalent chromosomic fragments in P. falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi . (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, the 3D conformation of Plasmodium falciparum SPECT ( Pf SPECT) protein was predicted using homology modelling and refined by 50 nanoseconds of MD simulation. (ijpsr.com)
C) Co-localization of PfAK2-GFP with Plasmodium falciparum exported protein (Exp1) by using an anti-Exp1 antibody. (phenoplasm.org)
PfAK2-GFP co localizes with the PV resident protein SERA5 which seems to be excluded from the ''loops'' suggesting that PfAK2-GFP in actual fact associates with the membrane of the PV, rather than being found in a soluble state in the PV lumen.Ma J, Rahlfs S, Jortzik E, Heiner Schirmer R, Przyborski J, Becker K. Subcellular localization of adenylate kinases in Plasmodium falciparum. (phenoplasm.org)

It is possible that, while the microneme initiates erythrocyte-binding, the rhoptry secretes proteins to create the PVM, or the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, in which the parasite can survive and reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
These sites affected more than 450 genes, and included a disproportionate number of genes that encode membrane transporters and ribosomal proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Despite its importance, there are few data on the three-dimensional organisation and quantification of these organelles within the apical complex or how they are trafficked to this specialised region of plasma membrane for exocytosis. (brookes.ac.uk)
We identified membrane-bound proteins, named CRMPs, forming part of a large complex essential for rhoptry secretion and invasion in Toxoplasma. (stanford.edu)
There are three localizations in PVs within the infected cell where Neospora dense granule proteins (NcGRAs) are exhibited: the vacuolar space, intravacuolar membranous nanotubular network (MNN), and parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). (biomedcentral.com)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
The nuclear membrane protein SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell-cell junctions far from the nucleus via regulation of microtubule dynamics and Rho GEF-H1 signaling, revealing long-range cellular communication important for vascular development and function. (elifesciences.org)

Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite that invades host cells and replicates within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV), which resists fusion with host cell lysosomal compartments. (biomedcentral.com)
Irregular peripheral patterns are obtained on unfixed material.Right: Immunoperoxidase detection of P 126 by McAb 24C61F1 in P. falciparum schizont The electron dense deposit (arrow) is located on the parasitophorous vacuole surrounding the parasite (n: parasite nuclei). (phenoplasm.org)
Co-localization of lipid bodies with the parasitophorous vacuole marker protein SERA. (phenoplasm.org)
SBP1 (SERA5 targeting peptide) colocalizes with SERA5 within the parasitophorous vacuole of mature blood-stage parasites. (phenoplasm.org)

2017) Surface attachment, promoted by the actomyosin system of Toxoplasma gondii is important for efficient gliding motility and invasion. (uni-muenchen.de)
To date, most NcGRAs have been discovered individually by bioinformatics searches for proteins exhibiting homology to known Toxoplasma dense granule proteins (TgGRAs). (biomedcentral.com)

They are specialized secretory organelles important for host-cell invasion and gliding motility. (wikipedia.org)

however, the precise roles of these GRA proteins in the intracellular survival and growth of the parasites are not well elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)

To modify the PV, the parasite secretes an array of proteins, including dense granule proteins (GRAs). (biomedcentral.com)

Autofluorescence imaging permits label-free cell type identification in live airway tissue and reveals the dynamic formation of airway secretory cell associated antigen passages. (elifesciences.org)

However, how the parasites coordinate exocytosis with host interaction is unknown. (stanford.edu)
Collectively our data imply that the CRMP complex acts as a host-molecular sensor to ensure that rhoptry exocytosis occurs when the parasite contacts the host cell. (stanford.edu)

My background is in Cell Biology , and I spent most of my scientific career doing light and electron microscopy, biochemistry, and molecular biology of cancer cells and protozoan parasites (see references). (brookes.ac.uk)

In coccidian apicomplexans there is an additional tubulin-containing hollow barrel structure, the conoid, which provides a structural gateway for this specialised apical secretion. (brookes.ac.uk)
Using cutting-edge imaging tools, including expansion microscopy and cryo-electron tomography, we show that, unlike previously described rhoptry exocytic factors, TgCRMPs are not required for the assembly of the rhoptry secretion machinery and only transiently associate with the exocytic site-prior to the invasion. (stanford.edu)

To better understand this process in apicomplexans, a group of unicellular parasites that causes serious disease in humans and livestock, a computational and high throughput sequencing study of the polyadenylation complex and poly(A) sites in several species was conducted. (bvsalud.org)

Molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed on two best protein-ligand complexes to check their stability. (ijpsr.com)

citation needed] It has been posited that this organelle works cooperatively with its counterpart organelle, the rhoptry, which also is a secretory organelle. (wikipedia.org)

Almost all efforts to find newer, safe and effective drugs for malaria have been restricted to the cyclic blood stage of the parasite. (ijpsr.com)
Inhibition of malaria parasite development by a cyclic peptide that targets the vital parasite protein SERA5. (phenoplasm.org)

A novel microneme protein, named sporozoite microneme protein essential for cell traversal (SPECT), is produced by the liver-infective sporozoite of the malarial parasite. (ijpsr.com)

Importantly, the amino acid diversity of EMAs is distributed throughout the length of the proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative genomic analysis of T . equi revealed the phylogenetic positioning relative to seven apicomplexan parasites using deduced amino acid sequences from 150 genes placed it as a sister taxon to Theileria spp . (biomedcentral.com)

This interest has featured studies and results from paleoparasitology, not only the description of lesions in mummified bodies, but also the recovery of genetic material from the parasite and the possibility of analyzing such material over time. (scielo.br)

One hundred years since the discovery of Chagas disease associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection, growing attention has focused on understanding the evolution in parasite-human host interaction. (scielo.br)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

Understanding mechanisms by which apicomplexan parasites evade immune or chemotherapeutic elimination is required for development of effective vaccines or chemotherapeutics. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore comparative genomic analysis of T . equi was undertaken to: 1) identify genes contributing to immune evasion and persistence in equid hosts, 2) identify genes involved in PBMC infection biology and 3) define the phylogenetic position of T . equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. (lookformedical.com)
Cells rely on the nuclear ruler to modulate the motive force that enables their passage through restrictive pores in complex three-dimensional environments, a process relevant to cancer cell invasion, immune responses, and embryonic development. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Using NcGRA17-BirA* fusion protein as bait, we have identified some known GRAs and verified localization of 11 novel GRA proteins by gene endogenous tagging or overexpression in the Nc1 strain. (biomedcentral.com)
A) Co-localization of PfAK2-GFP with serine-rich protein (SERA5). (phenoplasm.org)

On electron microscopy they have an electron-dense matrix due to the high protein content. (wikipedia.org)
The dense granule (GRA) proteins are essential in the formation of parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs) within which the parasites multiply and grow [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we adapted the proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) system for Neospora and used the dense granule protein NcGRA17 as bait to identify novel NcGRA proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrate that the NcGRA17-BirA* fusion localizes accurately to the dense granules, is catalytically active, and labels previously described NcGRA proteins as well as novel targets. (biomedcentral.com)

Anti-PvTRAMP antisera was obtained by inoculating rabbits with PvTRAMP B cell epitopes produced as synthetic peptides in order to assess its recognition in parasite lysates by Western blot and in intact parasites by indirect immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
CRMPs and their partners contain putative host cell-binding domains, and CRMPa shares similarities with GPCR proteins. (stanford.edu)
Of particular interest is the phenomenon of host cell traversal by the parasite 6, 13 . (ijpsr.com)
This activates signaling to the actomyosin cortex via nuclear envelope stretch-sensitive proteins, up-regulating cell contractility. (regenerativemedicine.net)

However the asymptomatic liver stage, which the parasite goes through only once in its life history presents a less-explored opportunity for developing drugs, which could hit new targets, prevent pathology and also be used in highly desirable malaria eradication campaigns 10 . (ijpsr.com)
Recent studies have revealed a few drug targets in the pre erythrocytic or liver stage of the parasite 10, 11 . (ijpsr.com)

Taken together, these results reveal that apicomplexan species seem to possess a poly(A) signal analogous to AAUAAA even though genes that may encode obvious counterparts of the AAUAAA-recognizing proteins are absent in these organisms. (bvsalud.org)

The apical organelle complex of merozoites (the parasite's blood stage responsible for RBC invasion) plays an important role in parasite entry into RBCs. (biomedcentral.com)

Attachment to a substrate to maintain position in a specific ecological niche is a common strategy across biology, especially for eukaryotic parasites. (brookes.ac.uk)

These proteins specialize in binding to erythrocyte surface receptors and facilitating erythrocyte entry. (wikipedia.org)
The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. (lookformedical.com)

The transmission images of parasites viewed using light microscopy are shown in column 5. (phenoplasm.org)
Transmission of arthropod-borne apicomplexan parasites that cause disease and result in death or persistent infection represents a major challenge to global human and animal health. (biomedcentral.com)

During development in the sand fly vector, the eukaryotic parasite Leishmania adheres to the stomodeal valve, as the specialised haptomonad form. (brookes.ac.uk)
RNA-protein multiome approach helps to discover that the posttranscriptional regulation of the translational machinery is crucial for the fidelity of cortical development. (elifesciences.org)

According to its transcription and expression profile, PvTRAMP is initially located at the parasite's apical end and later on the parasite surface. (biomedcentral.com)

Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)

It is caused by a parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans by blood-sucking triatomine bugs and via blood transfusion. (scielo.br)

The biotinylated proteins were affinity-purified for mass spectrometric analysis, and the candidate GRA proteins from BioID data set were identified by gene tagging. (biomedcentral.com)

DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)

BLAST-based searches for orthologs of the human polyadenylation complex yielded clear matches to only two-poly(A) polymerase and CPSF73-of the 19 proteins used as queries in this analysis. (bvsalud.org)

PfAK2 localized to a ring-like structure around the 264 parasite, and ''loops'' apparently connected to the PVM. (phenoplasm.org)

Anatomy51

Organisms55

Diseases36

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care3

Micronemes4

Rhoptries1

Apicomplexan parasite1

Plasmodium6

Membrane7

Parasitophorous vacuole4

Toxoplasma2

Motility1

Intracellular2

Secretes1

Antigen1

Exocytosis2

Protozoan parasites1

Secretion2

Apicomplexans1

Molecular1

Rhoptry1

Cyclic2

Microneme1

Amino acid2

Genetic1

Interaction2

Immune4

Localization2

Dense4

Cell4

Targets2

Genes1

Blood-stage1

Biology1

Receptors2

Transmission2

Development2

Surface1

Lipid1

Humans1

Data1

Family2

Analysis1

Structure1