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Pulmonary Valve StenosisAortic Valve StenosisAortic Stenosis, SupravalvularPulmonary ValveCarotid StenosisAortic ValveHeart Valve Prosthesis ImplantationAortic Stenosis, SubvalvularCoronary StenosisSpinal StenosisTracheal StenosisWarm IschemiaMitral Valve StenosisTetralogy of FallotHeart Valve ProsthesisPyloric StenosisConstriction, PathologicPulmonary ArteryDog DiseasesCardiac CatheterizationHeart Defects, CongenitalCatheterizationEchocardiography, DopplerEchocardiographyAortic Valve InsufficiencyCalcinosisSeverity of Illness IndexDogsTreatment Outcome

BicuspidVentricular septalInsufficiencySignificant aortic valve stValvular stenosisSubaortic stenosisSubvalvular aortic stenosisNarrowing of the aortic valveLeft ventricleRegurgitation is presentOutflowLeafletsMurmur is heardValvesRheumaticDysplasiaSevereSymptomsDissectionPatentAtherosclerosisDiseaseSupravalvularSystolic pressureGrossly normalAuscultationAdultsCrescendoCalcificationPeripheralArrhythmiasRight ventricleHeart ValveOccursProgressesPulmonary arteryAbnormalityMild

Bicuspid6

• Of children with RTS, 24-38 percent have cardiac abnormalities, which include atrial and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, pulmonic stenosis, and bicuspid aortic valve abnormalities [ 5 ]. (cdlib.org)
• Atrial septal defect (ASD) , coarctation of the aorta , pulmonic stenosis, and bicuspid aortic valve are also seen. (medscape.com)
• Aortic stenosis can be caused by congenital bicuspid aortic valve, scarred aortic valve of rheumatic fever, and wearing of aortic valve in the elderly. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in patients under age 65. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• About 2% of people are born with aortic valves that have only two cusps (bicuspid valves). (digestivetracthealth.com)
• About 10% of bicuspid valves become significantly narrowed, resulting in the symptoms and heart problems of aortic stenosis. (digestivetracthealth.com)

Ventricular septal4

• Congenital heart defects such as tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonic stenosis, aortic insufficiency and ventricular septal defect have been reported. (wikipedia.org)
• Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot consists of 4 features: a large ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and pulmonic valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and over-riding. (msdmanuals.com)
• Puppies with pulmonic stenosis often have other congenital heart defects such as aortic stenosis and ventricular septal defect . (petmd.com)
• Little Hao Yang had holes in his heart - ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD) and he was also diagnosed with aortic stenosis and pulmonic stenosis. (onehopecharity.org)

Insufficiency1

• Most often, valvular stenosis or insufficiency. (msdmanuals.com)

Significant aortic valve st1

• No hemodynamically significant aortic valve stenosis is present. (medhelp.org)

Valvular stenosis3

• This typically resolves after correction of valvular stenosis. (medscape.com)
• A harsh crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur is audible and is heard best at the left parasternal 2nd (valvular stenosis) or 4th (infundibular stenosis) intercostal space with the diaphragm of the stethoscope when the patient leans forward. (msdmanuals.com)
• There is no pulmonic valvular stenosis. (myelomablogs.org)

Subaortic stenosis1

• To date, 3 dogs with subaortic stenosis has undergone cardiopulmonary bypass and open-heart correction of this defect at Texas A&M University. (vin.com)

Subvalvular aortic stenosis1

• In addition, the patient had subvalvular aortic stenosis and his father had pulmonic stenosis. (symptoma.com)

Narrowing of the aortic valve4

• Aortic Stenosis Aortic stenosis (AS) is narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta during systole. (msdmanuals.com)
• Aortic stenosis is narrowing of the aortic valve, impeding delivery of blood from the heart to the body. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• Aortic stenosis is abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• A number of conditions cause disease resulting in narrowing of the aortic valve. (digestivetracthealth.com)

Left ventricle3

• 3. From the Left Ventricle, the blood passes through the Aortic Valve to the Aorta. (hemopet.org)
• Blood is pumped by the left ventricle across the aortic valve into the aorta and the arteries of the body. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• The aortic valve functions to prevent the regurgitation of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole and to allow the appropriate flow of blood-the cardiac output -from the left ventricle into the aorta during ventricular systole. (medscape.com)

Regurgitation is present1

• No significant aortic valve regurgitation is present. (medhelp.org)

Outflow5

• Pathologic causes of systolic murmurs include atrial and ventricular septal defects, pulmonary or aortic outflow tract abnormalities, and patent ductus arteriosus. (aafp.org)
• Carcinoid may result in development of myxomatous plaques in the RV outflow tract, with distortion and constriction of the pulmonic ring, as well as fusion or destruction of pulmonary valve leaflets, resulting in both stenosis and regurgitation. (medscape.com)
• Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tract causing obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery during systole. (msdmanuals.com)
• stenosis may be valvular or just below the valve in the outflow tract (infundibular). (msdmanuals.com)
• The aortic valve is located between the left ventricular outflow tract and the ascending aorta. (medscape.com)

Leaflets2

• Normal aortic valves have three thin leaflets called cusps. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• The truncal septum undergoes a complex process of differentiation, eventually forming the right and left aortic valve cusps and 2 leaflets of the pulmonic valve. (medscape.com)

Murmur is heard1

• 7. Which murmur is heard in aortic stenosis? (basicversity.com)

Valves7

• Alternatively, approximately 10-15% of individuals with valvular PS have dysplastic pulmonic valves. (medscape.com)
• PS is a rare manifestation of rheumatic heart disease, and it follows involvement of the mitral and aortic valves. (medscape.com)
• It can occur in all four valves which we call tricuspid stenosis, mitral stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, and aortic stenosis. (sportzyogi.com)
• The right and left ventricles have thick muscular walls for pumping blood across the pulmonic and aortic valves into the circulation. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• Picture of heart and valves -- aortic valve stenosis. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• The aortic and pulmonic valves are known as the semilunar valves, whereas the tricuspid and mitral valves are referred to as the atrioventricular valves. (medscape.com)
• The improper fusion or the incomplete dedifferentiation of the previously mentioned endocardial cushions is thought to be responsible for the formation of anatomically and structurally congenitally abnormal aortic valves. (medscape.com)

Rheumatic2

• Scarring of the aortic valve due to rheumatic fever as a child or young adult. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• Rheumatic aortic stenosis usually occurs with some degree of aortic regurgitation. (digestivetracthealth.com)

Dysplasia1

• Although supra and subvalvular lesions have been seen, the most common cause of pulmonic stenosis in dogs is valvular dysplasia. (vin.com)

Severe4

• Dogs with moderate to severe stenosis may experience syncope or changes leading to congestive heart failure and are at risk for sudden death. (vin.com)
• Treatment of Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis: Impact of Patient Sex and Life Expectancy on Treatment Ch. (ecrjournal.com)
• In adults with severe aortic stenosis, sex and age differences in symptoms and diagnosis may lead to delays in intervention. (ecrjournal.com)
• In adults with severe aortic stenosis (AS) there are two steps in the decision-making process. (ecrjournal.com)

Symptoms1

• Patients with aortic stenosis who have symptoms may require surgical heart valve replacement. (digestivetracthealth.com)

Dissection1

• Acute aortic dissection is an uncommon but highly lethal condition. (cardiovillage.com)

Patent1

• Some examples of congenital heart defects include aortic stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonic stenosis. (petwah.com)

Atherosclerosis1

• MiR-126 facilitates vascular re-modeling, decreases fibrosis in multiple organs, and has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of atherosclerosis and re-stenosis. (justia.com)

Disease2

• The most significant medical problem associated with Williams syndrome is a form of heart disease called supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS). (rareguru.com)
• The progressive disease causing aortic calcification and stenosis has nothing to with healthy lifestyle choices, unlike the calcium that can deposit in the coronary artery to cause heart attack. (digestivetracthealth.com)

Supravalvular1

• Pulmonic stenosis (pulmonary stenosis) (PS) can be due to isolated valvular (90%), subvalvular, or peripheral (supravalvular) obstruction, or it may be found in association with more complicated congenital heart disorders. (medscape.com)

Systolic pressure1

• Surgical treatment of sub-aortic stenosis (SAS) in dogs has been successful in the short term in reducing the systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve, but has not been shown to decrease the incidence of sudden death in this population. (vin.com)

Grossly normal2

• The aortic valve is grossly normal in structure. (medhelp.org)
• The pulmonic valve is not well seen, but is grossly normal. (myelomablogs.org)

Auscultation1

• On auscultation, the 1st heart sound (S1) is normal and the normal splitting of the S2 is widened because of prolonged pulmonic ejection (P2 is delayed). (msdmanuals.com)

Adults1

• In adults, three conditions are known to cause aortic stenosis. (digestivetracthealth.com)

Crescendo1

• Unlike the aortic stenosis murmur, a pulmonic stenosis murmur does not radiate, and the crescendo component lengthens as stenosis progresses. (msdmanuals.com)

Calcification1

• Turbulence across the valve increases causing scarring, thickening, and stenosis of the valve once valve leaflet mobility is reduced by calcification. (digestivetracthealth.com)

Peripheral2

• Peripheral pulmonary stenosis (PPS) can cause obstruction along the pulmonary artery anywhere from the main pulmonary artery to distal pulmonary artery branches. (medscape.com)
• Peripheral pulmonic stenosis is common in infancy. (rareguru.com)

Arrhythmias1

• Pulmonic stenosis results in increased pressures in the right side of the heart, which can lead to thickening of the heart muscle, heart failure , arrhythmias, and even sudden death. (petmd.com)

Right ventricle3

• Pulmonic stenosis (pulmonary stenosis) (PS) refers to a dynamic or fixed anatomic obstruction to flow from the right ventricle (RV) to the pulmonary arterial vasculature, which leads to RV pressure overload that in turn causes increased contractility and dilation and results in increased wall stress and compensatory RV hypertrophy. (medscape.com)
• When the ventricles contract, blood from the right ventricle is pumped through the pulmonic valve into the lungs to reload on oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. (digestivetracthealth.com)
• Stenosis means a narrowing, so pulmonic stenosis refers to narrowing of the valve between the right ventricle (a chamber of the heart) and the pulmonic artery (the major blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs). (petmd.com)

Heart Valve1

• Balloon valvuloplasty, a minimally invasive procedure that opens the narrowed heart valve, is the treatment of choice for pulmonic stenosis in dogs. (petmd.com)

Occurs2

• Poststenotic dilatation occurs with discrete segmental stenosis but is absent if the stenotic segment is long or if the pulmonary artery is diffusely hypoplastic. (medscape.com)
• Aortic stenosis occurs three times more commonly in men than women. (digestivetracthealth.com)

Progresses1

• Why this aging process progresses to cause significant aortic stenosis in some patients but not in others is unknown. (digestivetracthealth.com)

Pulmonary artery1

• There is a continuous left-to-right shunt of blood throughout systole and diastole, giving the characteristic waxing and waning continuous murmur, as aortic pressures exceed pulmonary artery pressures throughout the cardiac cycle. (bsavalibrary.com)

Abnormality1

• Supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) is the most common heart abnormality, occurring in 75% of people with WS. (rareguru.com)

Mild4

• Mild pulmonic valvular regurgitation. (myelomablogs.org)
• Dogs with mild or moderate stenosis may not need treatment and can have a normal lifespan. (petmd.com)
• Is it OK to breed a dog with a mild case of pulmonary stenosis? (petmd.com)
• However, in mild or moderate stenosis, some dogs can live a normal life without treatment, while others may need treatment and/or beta blockers. (petmd.com)