Pyrazinamide is only used in combination with other drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and as directly observed therapy (DOT). (wikipedia.org)
Bactericidal with the highest EBA Rifampicin (R) - bactericidal with high EBA and a key sterilizing drug in short-course treatment regimens of TB Pyrazinamide (Z) - high sterilizing agent. (slideshare.net)
On the 7th day of hospitalization, combined anti-tuberculosis therapy with isoniazid (10 mg/kg/day), rifampicin (15 mg/kg/day), pyrazinamide (30 mg/kg/day) and ethambutol (20 mg/kg/day) was started, pending culture and drug susceptibility testing. (who.int)
On the 20th day of admission, therefore, rifampicin and ethambutol treatments of the girl were stopped, and anti-tuberculosis treatment was readjusted to high doses of isoniazid (15 mg/kg once daily), pyrazinamide (30 mg/kg/day), amikacin (15 mg/kg/day), levofloxacin (10 mg/kg twice daily), linezolid (10 mg/kg twice daily), cycloserine (15 mg/kg once daily) and clofazimine (5 mg/kg once daily) (8). (who.int)
Naïve-pooled pharmacokinetic analysis of pyrazinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of Vietnamese children with tuberculous meningitis. (lstmed.ac.uk)
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9109-350X , Thwaites, Guy E , Tarning, Joel and Day, Jeremy N (2016) 'Naïve-pooled pharmacokinetic analysis of pyrazinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of Vietnamese children with tuberculous meningitis. (lstmed.ac.uk)
The aim of this prospective study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of children with tuberculous meningitis treated with the standard TBM regimen. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Children were treated according to the 2006 WHO recommended pediatric treatment regimen consisting of isoniazid (5 mg/kg), rifampicin (10 mg/kg) and ethambutol (15 mg/kg) for 8 months, with the addition of pyrazinamide (25 mg/kg) for the first 3 months and streptomycin (15 mg/kg) for the first 2 months. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Pyrazinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin concentrations were measured in plasma at day 14 and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1 month by HPLC-UV. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Younger children, when compared to older children, presented a higher body weight-normalized clearance and volume of distribution, and lower median total plasma exposures for the three studied drugs with -14%, -22% and -16% for Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid and Rifampicin, respectively. (lstmed.ac.uk)
There is an age-dependent variation in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Based on the weight of each patient, an oral administration of isoniazid (0.3-0.4 g/d), rifampicin (0.45-0.60 g/d),ethambutol(0.75 g/d),and pyrazinamide (1.0-1.5 g/d) were given. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
Design: Patients aged over 5 years with tuberculoma of the brain diagnosed by CT scan were randomly allocated to one of the following 2 regimens: Regimen 1: rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide daily for an initial 3 months followed by rifampicin and isoniazid twice-weekly for 6 months. (nirt.res.in)
Regimen 2: rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide thrice-weekly for an initial 3 months followed by rifampicin and isoniazid twice-weekly for 6 months. (nirt.res.in)
Rifampin4
A 6-mo regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide given for 2 mo followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 mo is the preferred treatment for patients with fully susceptible organisms who adhere to treatment. (cdc.gov)
Because alternatives to the use of rifampin for antituberculosis treatment are now available, the previously recommended practice of stopping protease inhibitor therapy to allow the use of rifampin for TB treatment is no longer recommended for patients with HIV-related TB. (cdc.gov)
Adding to CDC's current recommendations for administering isoniazid preventive therapy to HIV-infected persons with positive tuberculin skin tests and to HIV-infected persons who were exposed to patients with infectious TB, this report also describes in detail the use of new short-course (i.e., 2 months) multidrug regimens (e.g., a rifamycin, such as rifampin or rifabutin, combined with pyrazinamide) to prevent TB in persons with HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
The use of rifabutin-containing antituberculosis regimens should always include an assessment of the patient's response to treatment to decide the appropriate duration of therapy (i.e., 6 months or 9 months). (cdc.gov)
Regimen2
A Markov state-transition model of 100,000 representative South African adults with TB was used to simulate implementation of the regimen BPaMZ (bedaquiline, pretomanid, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide), either for RR-TB only or universally for all patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Objective: The efficacy of a short-course regimen in the treatment of brain tuberculoma and computerised tomography (CT) scan appearance before, during and after antituberculosis treatment was studied in a controlled clinical trial. (nirt.res.in)
This study describes the rate, pattern, and transmission dynamics of, and risk factors for, isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to antituberculosis drugs in a rural South African health district. (edu.au)
Tuberculosis, Latent and belongs to the drug class miscellaneous antituberculosis agents . (drugs.com)
Antituberculosis treatment has long been a subject of medical scrutiny, especially when it comes to its effects on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with genital tuberculosis. (medscholarly.com)
Effects of antituberculosis treatment on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with genital tuberculosis: a systematic review by Kevin Flores-Lovon et al. (medscholarly.com)
To evaluate the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with genital tuberculosis. (medscholarly.com)
We included randomised controlled trials (RCT), non-RCTs (non-RCT) and cohort studies that evaluated the effects of antituberculosis treatment on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with genital tuberculosis compared with not receiving antituberculosis treatment or receiving the treatment for a shorter period. (medscholarly.com)
To present results of monitoring hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs in a mother and a child admitted for hospital treatment due to pulmonary tuberculosis. (biochemia-medica.com)
Although antituberculosis drugs have been administered for about sixty years, tuberculosis has persisted as a leading cause of death worldwide (1). (biochemia-medica.com)
In order to monitor tuberculosis activity and detect possible hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs, biomarkers of inflammation are in routine practice determined in patients every 14 days together with catalytic activity of liver enzymes and bilirubin concentration. (biochemia-medica.com)
In this report, we present the results of monitoring hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs in a mother and a child treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. (biochemia-medica.com)
Abstract ： OBJECTIVE To develop an UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 3 anti-tuberculosis drugs [isoniazid (INH)、 pyrazinamide (PZA) and levofloxacin(LFX)] in sputum by HPLC-MS/MS. METHODS The drugs(INH,PZA、and LFX)were extracted by methanol/acetonitrile ( V-V =1∶1). (magtechjournal.com)
Drugs10
Principles of antituberculosis therapy Activities of antituberculosis drugs Bactericidal Sterilizing Prevention of drug resistance to companion drugs. (slideshare.net)
Activities of antituberculosis drugs BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY. (slideshare.net)
To monitor the hepatotoxicity of these antituberculosis drugs, catalytic activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and bilirubin were determined. (biochemia-medica.com)
Liver dysfunction due to antituberculosis drugs usually manifests during initial weeks since drug administration (11). (biochemia-medica.com)
The test is sensitive and can detect the presence of these drugs in urine for about 24 hours after administration of pyrazinamide 1 g. or cycloserine 0.5 g. (nirt.res.in)
Furthermore, the test is specific for these two drugs and does not suffer any interference from commonly used antituberculosis drugs like streptomycin, PAS, isoniazid, thiacetazone and ethionamide. (nirt.res.in)
Hepatotoxicity4
The most dangerous side effect of pyrazinamide is hepatotoxicity, which is dose-related. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolism and Hepatotoxicity of Pyrazinamide, an Antituberculosis Drug. (nih.gov)
Markedly elevated catalytic activities of AST and ALT in the mother and the child during antituberculosis drug therapy indicate the occurrence of a possible predisposition for severe hepatotoxicity. (biochemia-medica.com)
During initial weeks of antituberculosis drug administration, it is necessary to monitor the activity of liver enzymes every week in order to detect their possible hepatotoxicity and carry out prompt therapy evaluation. (biochemia-medica.com)
20211
The number of participating laboratories that reported testing each antituberculosis drug in the March 2021 survey is presented in Figure 5. (cdc.gov)
Pyrazinamide can precipitate gout flares by decreasing renal excretion of uric acid. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment5
Pyrazinamide is used in the first 2 months of treatment to reduce the duration of treatment required. (wikipedia.org)
However, since an acidic environment is not essential for pyrazinamide susceptibility and pyrazinamide treatment does not lead to intrabacterial acidification nor rapid disruption of membrane potential, this model has also been discounted. (wikipedia.org)
All HIV-infected patients undergoing treatment for TB should be evaluated for antiretroviral therapy, because most patients with HIV-related TB are candidates for concurrent administration of antituberculosis and antiretroviral drug therapies. (cdc.gov)
In women without structural damage, very low certainty of evidence from one RCT showed that the antituberculosis treatment may have little to no effect on pregnancy, full-term pregnancy, abortion or intrauterine death and ectopic pregnancy, but the evidence is very uncertain. (medscholarly.com)
In 1980, pyrazinamide (PZA) was introduced into the antituberculosis treatment, acid treatment was reduced further to just six months. (ijpsr.com)
Levofloxacin1
Simultaneously Quantifying Isoniazid、Pyrazinamide and Levofloxacin in Human Sputum by HPLC-MS/MS. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2020, 55(6): 451-456. (magtechjournal.com)
Medications1
Pyrazinamide is in the antimycobacterial class of medications. (wikipedia.org)
Doses1
Pyrazinamide is removed by haemodialysis, so doses should always be given at the end of a dialysis session. (wikipedia.org)
Pregnancy1
In the US, pyrazinamide is not used in pregnancy, citing insufficient evidence of safety. (wikipedia.org)
Drug3
Pyrazinamide is a potent antiuricosuric drug and consequently has an off-label use in the diagnosis of causes of hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria. (wikipedia.org)
The old dose for pyrazinamide was 40-70 mg/kg daily and the incidence of drug-induced hepatitis has fallen significantly since the recommended dose has been reduced to 12-30 mg/kg daily. (wikipedia.org)
During the subsequent period until recovery, both the mother and the child tolerated the antituberculosis drug therapy well, i.e. without elevation of enzyme activity. (biochemia-medica.com)
Resistant1
A random sample of 28 otherwise susceptible isolates and all 21 resistant isolates were susceptible to pyrazinamide. (edu.au)
Patients2
The most common (roughly 1%) side effect of pyrazinamide is joint pains (arthralgia), but this is not usually so severe that patients need to stop taking it. (wikipedia.org)
La présente étude cas-témoin avait pour objectif d'identifier les déterminants de l'abandon de traitement parmi les patients atteints de tuberculose pris en charge dans des centres de traitement dans l'État de Khartoum entre mai et juillet 2011. (who.int)
Action1
This is an unusual mechanism of action in that pyrazinamide does not directly block the action of its target, but indirectly triggers its destruction. (wikipedia.org)
Isoniazid15
Pyrazinamide is only used in combination with other drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and as directly observed therapy (DOT). (wikipedia.org)
For the treatment of confirmed or suspected TB disease, isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are the four first-line drugs used worldwide as a 6-month standard regimen. (cdc.gov)
A 6-mo regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide given for 2 mo followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 mo is the preferred treatment for patients with fully susceptible organisms who adhere to treatment. (cdc.gov)
During the period of 1993-1996, in the United States, 13.1% of TB patients were infected with TB strains that were resistant to at least one drug used as first-line treatment for TB (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and streptomycin) and 2.2% of TB patients were infected with TB strains that were multiple drug resistant (MDR as defined by resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin). (nih.gov)
Ethionamide is currently used only as a secondary agent in the treatment of active tuberculosis, always in combination with other antituberculosis agents such as isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and/or rifampin and usually for multidrug resistant mycobacterial infections or in situations where first line agents are contraindicated. (nih.gov)
A 27 year old male with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis made one month prior and currently on antituberculosis treatment (rifampicin 450 mg, isoniazid 300 mg, pyrazinamide 750 mg twice a day and ethambutol 600 mg twice a day) presented to the emergency department with high grade fever associated with skin lesions from the past three to four days. (rcpe.ac.uk)
Thus, treatment with anti-tuberculosis agents such as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide was initiated for 2 months, which was followed by isoniazid, and rifampicin therapy for 4 months. (e-trd.org)
Stabilized oral powder / granule comprising of two or more of the 4 anti-TB drugs for Short Course Chemotherapy (SCC), namely Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide which can be consumed by mixing in a glass of water or juice with or after the meal is disclosed. (allindianpatents.com)
Rimstar is a fixed combination product that should only be used when the fixed ratio of rifampicin 150 mg, isoniazid 75 mg, pyrazinamide 400 mg and ethambutol hydrochloride 275 mg will permit treatment of an individual patient in line with official recommendations and practice. (pillintrip.com)
Bedaquiline is a crucial drug in the treatment of multi-drug resistant TB patients for whom the first-line drug treatment - using Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol - has stopped working. (thehindu.com)
This report provides a recommendation for using a 4-month regimen consisting of 8 weeks of daily treatment with rifapentine (RPT), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide, and moxifloxacin (MOX), followed by 9-weeks of daily treatment with RPT, INH, and MOX in patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
On May 5, 2021, CDC's Tuberculosis Trials Consortium and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) published results from a randomized controlled trial indicating that a 4-month regimen containing rifapentine (RPT), moxifloxacin (MOX), isoniazid (INH), and pyrazinamide (PZA) was as effective as the standard 6-month regimen for tuberculosis (TB) treatment ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The effectiveness of pyrazinamide-containing six-month short course chemotherapy]. (nih.gov)
Antituberculosis chemotherapy should be administered to the greatest possible number of patients in order to cure them, and thereby interrupt the chain of transmission of TB within the population [3]. (who.int)
Susceptibility2
However, since an acidic environment is not essential for pyrazinamide susceptibility and pyrazinamide treatment does not lead to intrabacterial acidification nor rapid disruption of membrane potential, this model has also been discounted. (wikipedia.org)
Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a key antituberculosis drug, yet no rapid susceptibility test is commercially available. (sun.ac.za)
19362
Pyrazinamide was first made in 1936, but did not come into wide use until 1972. (wikipedia.org)
Pyrazinamide (PZA), a nicotinamide analogue (Fig. 1), was first chemically synthesized in 1936 (1), but its antituberculosis (anti-TB) potential was not recognized until 1952 (2). (johnshopkins.edu)
Cycloserine1
The capacity to detect mutations associated with resistance to ethionamide, pyrazinamide, capreomycin, cycloserine and para-aminosalicylic acid was enhanced by inclusion of insertions and deletions. (fiocruz.br)
Safety1
In the US, pyrazinamide is not used in pregnancy, citing insufficient evidence of safety. (wikipedia.org)
Active1
TB335 trade name] contains the active substance pyrazinamide and belongs to a group of antibiotics called antimycobacterials. (who.int)
Products1
The introduction of five asymmet- ric centers in one single step from prochiral 2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-9-oxanonane through desym- metrization by chiral hydroboration has been elegantly accomplished by him to synthesize complex natural products like calcimycin, routinomycin, bryostatin, rifamycin, discodermolide, methynolide and scytophycin, which have antitumor, antituberculosis and antifungal activities. (diseasepdf.com)