Antisense rna gene gene knockdown techniques. Medical search. Frequent questions

Oligonucleotides are short DNA or RNA molecules, oligomers, that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics. (wikipedia.org)
In nature, oligonucleotides are usually found as small RNA molecules that function in the regulation of gene expression (e.g. microRNA), or are degradation intermediates derived from the breakdown of larger nucleic acid molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Oligonucleotides readily bind, in a sequence-specific manner, to their respective complementary oligonucleotides, DNA, or RNA to form duplexes or, less often, hybrids of a higher order. (wikipedia.org)
This basic property serves as a foundation for the use of oligonucleotides as probes for detecting specific sequences of DNA or RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Examples of procedures that use oligonucleotides include DNA microarrays, Southern blots, ASO analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), PCR, and the synthesis of artificial genes. (wikipedia.org)
These modifications give new properties to the oligonucleotides and make them a key element in antisense therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Modifying the 2' position sugar increases the effectiveness of oligonucleotides by enhancing the target binding capabilities of oligonucleotides, specifically in antisense oligonucleotides therapies. (wikipedia.org)
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are single strands of DNA or RNA that are complementary to a chosen sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Antisense oligonucleotides can be used to target a specific, complementary (coding or non-coding) RNA. (wikipedia.org)
To examine the functional role of the α2A nAChR subunit during embryogenesis, we blocked its expression using antisense modified oligonucleotides. (oregonstate.edu)
Depletion of Runx1 with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides abrogated the development of both blood and vessels, as demonstrated by loss of circulation, incomplete development of vasculature and the accumulation of immature hematopoietic precursors. (biologists.com)
These companies are using a variety of approaches, including the use of RNA interference (RNAi), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9. (inventiv.org)
Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides are widely used to interrogate gene function in whole organisms, and light-activatable derivatives can reveal spatial and temporal differences in gene activity. (cdc.gov)
1 In particular, morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) have been used to block the expression of targeted genes in several invertebrate and vertebrate models. (cdc.gov)
This approach involves the intramolecular cross-linking of 5′ amine- and 3′ disulfide-modified MO oligonucleotides using appropriately functionalized tethers, generating macrocyclic structures that conformationally resist RNA hybridization. (cdc.gov)

The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans , in which loss-of-function mutants and RNA interference (RNAi) models are available, is a model organism useful for analyzing effects of genes on various life phenomena, including behavior. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, RNAi is a powerful tool that enables time- or cell-specific knockdown via heat shock-inducible RNAi or cell-specific RNAi. (biomedcentral.com)
However, conventional RNAi is insufficient for investigating pleiotropic genes with various sites of action and life stage-dependent functions. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the temporal- and cell-specific profiles of the functions of Ras, we developed a new RNAi method that enables simultaneous time- and cell-specific knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
We have established a new RNAi method that performs simultaneous time- and cell-specific knockdown and have applied this to reveal temporal profiles of the Ras-MAPK pathway in the control of exploratory behavior under poor environmental conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
RNAi is one of the most powerful tools for gene knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
RNAi-mediated cell-specific knockdown in C. elegans is a currently available technique [ 3 ] based on driving the expression of double-stranded RNA in target cells via cell-specific promoters. (biomedcentral.com)
Pellicular anion-exchange chromatography applied to RNAi assays for monitoring strand stoichiometry and RNA stability. (chromatographytoday.com)
The RNAi approach conscripts a subset of microRNA (miRNA) processing machinery, allowing exogenously supplied RNA of specific sequence to stimulate turnover of accordingly-specific mRNA [6]. (chromatographytoday.com)
The RNAi-microsponges developed by a multidisciplinary team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are constructs of long RNA polymers comprising repeating sequences of the designated siRNA. (genengnews.com)
Because the RNAi-microsponges are essentially highly concentrated balls of nearly 100% interfering RNA (RNAi), they should be an effective means of delivering siRNA to target cells. (genengnews.com)
We selected four Ntl over-expression and four Ntl RNA interference (RNAi) transformations in which Ntl expression is different. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, RNAi assays containing the hairpin loop as an miRNA precursor were conducted, using the pTer vector, to explore the effects on 68 RNA helicase expression levels. (lidsen.com)
These RNAi analyses were quantified by Western blots (using anti-p68 RNA helicase and anti-EIF 2 α ) and Fluc/Rluc 3'UTRs/CDS assays. (lidsen.com)
To identify these genes, we conducted an RNAi screen for genes that are necessary for HIF-1-mediated longevity. (uw.edu)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for functional gene analysis which has been successfully used to downregulate the expression levels of target genes. (virosin.org)
A region of a dsRNA sequence with a length of 19 nucleotides or more is complementary enough to a target RNA nucleotide to trigger destruction by the RNAi mechanism. (inventiv.org)
One place RNAi practitioners would hope not to find orthogonality is the relationship between on-target knockdown and phenotypic strength. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
Since the early days of RNAi, positive correlation between knockdown and phenotypic strength has been suggested as a means to confirms screening results. (sitoolsbiotech.com)

They report their achievement in Nature Materials , in a paper titled "Self-assembled RNA interference microsponges for efficient siRNA delivery. (genengnews.com)
Moreover, a similar effect on p68 RNA helicase-mediated interference is observed during the upregulation of the hairpin loop. (lidsen.com)
2001. Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells. (virosin.org)
RNA interference by short hairpin RNAs expressed in vertebrate cells. (virosin.org)
1990), fungi (quelling) (Romano and Marcino, 1992), and nematodes (RNA interference) (Fire et al. (inventiv.org)
1990), fungi (quelling) (Romano and Marcino 1992), and nematodes (RNA interference). (inventiv.org)
Interestingly, ectopic expression of δEF1 was able to block BMP-6-induced transactivation of E-cadherin, whereas RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of endogenous δEF1 in breast cancer cells abolished E-cadherin transactivation by BMP-6. (biomedcentral.com)

In particular, the FANTOM (Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome) consortium pioneered the discovery of the noncoding RNA world by providing, through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE-Seq), the first evidence that large portions of our genome are transcribed, producing a multitude of sense and antisense transcripts 12 . (nature.com)
This patented siRNA approach is the best strategy to prevent off-target effects caused by both the sense and antisense strands while maintaining high silencing potency. (horizondiscovery.com)
RAN translation occurs in all three frames in both the sense and antisense directions, leading to the generation of proteins composed of repeating dipeptides: poly(GR), poly(GA) and poly(GP) in the sense direction and poly(AP), poly(PR) and poly(GP) in the antisense direction. (adrianisaacslab.com)
Note poly(GP) is made in both the sense and antisense direction. (adrianisaacslab.com)
We also showed that aggregates of RNA (termed RNA foci) derived from both sense and antisense GGGGCC repeat RNA are frequently observed in frontal cortex neurons in people with the C9orf72 repeat expansion (Mizielinska et al 2013). (adrianisaacslab.com)

This effectively generates nanoscale pleated sheets of hairpin RNA that self-assemble into sponge-like microspheres. (genengnews.com)
Here, we highlight that an important RNA sequence region, encompassing an exon-intron hairpin loop (also called IDX-rasISS1), of the H-Ras pre-mRNA may encode an ncRNA that regulates p68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)
This indicates that an inhibitory feedback mechanism acting on the p68 RNA helicase is mediated by higher structural levels of the hairpin-loop. (lidsen.com)
Initially, two observations prompted the present study: i) previous results revealed down-regulation of p68 RNA helicase resulting from overexpression of the IDX hairpin loop in HeLa cells, and ii) the secondary structure of the IDX hairpin loop resembles pri-miRNAs, implying that an miRNA could be processed from the hairpin loop-containing pri-miRNA and regulate 68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)
To validate our hypothesis , we directly compared p68 RNA sequences and the hairpin loop in silico . (lidsen.com)
Finally, alternative splicing microarrays containing apoptosis targets were incubated to verify whether pre-mRNAs other than H-Ras could also present a similar hairpin loop structure regulated by p68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)
Northern blotting of small RNAs Oligo probes were designed to match the sense or antisense strands of each hairpin. (cmet-receptor.com)

Lucere, K. M., O'Malley, M. M. R. & Diermeier, S. D. Functional Screening Techniques to Identify Long Non-Coding RNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. (amaroqtx.com)
These regions are usually transcribed into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)

In the case of antisense RNA they prevent protein translation of certain messenger RNA strands by binding to them, in a process called hybridization. (wikipedia.org)
These RNA strands self assemble into incredibly dense crystalline microspheres, which resist degradation, are efficiently taken up into cells, and then are simply chopped up by the cell's own enzymes into vast numbers of active siRNAs. (genengnews.com)
siRNA carrier or encapsulation vehicles such as lipids or inorganic nanoparticles have shown some promise, but drawbacks with these techniques include the inability to load large amounts of siRNA into the carriers, because the short siRNA strands don't pack tightly, professor Hammond and team report. (genengnews.com)
When the MIT team analyzed their RNA-microsponges, they estimated that each spherical particle contained about half a million tandem copies of Dicer-cleavable RNA strands. (genengnews.com)
Oligo probes matching to the sense or antisense strands of the hairpins were end-labelled with 32P and were hybridized with each corresponding sample blot strip overnight at 37°C overnight, washed with low and medium stringency conditions, and exposed overnight to film. (cmet-receptor.com)

Significant improvement in plant hybridization is done after the introduction of various sophisticated genetics and genomics techniques. (geneticeducation.co.in)
The regulatory mechanism of lncSNHG5 was investigated by RNA sequencing, fluorescent in situ hybridization, cellular fractionation assay, mass spectrometry, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, gene-specific m6A assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase reporter assay and actinomycin D treatment in CAFs and NFs. (thno.org)
In situ hybridization Digoxigenin labeled antisense and sense riboprobes were synthesized in accordance towards the companies protocol, working with 250 ng of SP6 and T7 tailed PCR frag ments as template. (alkpathway.com)

Therefore, this complex regulatory network requires precise control of gene expression patterns at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in order to ensure proper maturation, differentiation, and formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. (nature.com)
Post-transcriptional regulation of human genes by TE-derived sequences has been observed in specific contexts, but has yet to be systematically and comprehensively investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we study a collection of 75 CLIP-Seq experiments mapping the RNA binding sites for a diverse set of 51 human proteins to explore the role of TEs in post-transcriptional regulation of human mRNAs and lncRNAs via RNA-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
As a group, miRNAs are small (17-27 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs that govern gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner by binding directly to the 3′UTRs of target mRNAs, thereby repressing their translation or inducing their degradation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies have found that non-coding RNAs and post transcriptional modification of RNAs have become the active fields of cancer research. (biomedcentral.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)
ncRNAs play important roles in controlling gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. (ijbs.com)
A species of small antisense RNA in post transcriptional gene silencing in plants. (virosin.org)
Suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been demonstrated in a variety of systems including plants (post-transcriptional gene suppression) (Napoli et al. (inventiv.org)
1998). Double-stranded (dsRNA), which is more stable than ssRNA, has been shown to suppress gene expression in a variety of systems including plants (post-transcriptional gene suppression) (Napoli et al. (inventiv.org)

The construction technique first involved preparing long linear single-stranded DNA encoding complementary sequences of both the antisense and sense sequences of anti-luciferase siRNA. (genengnews.com)
The circle was closed using T4 DNA ligase, and the circular DNA then used to produce RNA transcripts by RCT, which encode both antisense and sense sequences of the anti-luciferase siRNA. (genengnews.com)
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent studies have revealed the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tissue-specific regulators of gene expression. (nature.com)
We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. (nature.com)
Subsequent antisense oligonucleotide-knockdown transcriptomic profiling of two LEC- and two BEC-specific lncRNAs identifies LETR1 as a critical gatekeeper of the global LEC transcriptome. (nature.com)
In the latest genome annotation, lncRNAs, which are arbitrarily defined as noncoding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides, constitute ~72% of the transcribed genome 13 , whereas mRNAs comprise only 19%, indicating the need for functional annotation of lncRNAs. (nature.com)
Included amongst the various classes of noncoding RNAs are members of the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) family, the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) family, the large intragenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) family, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) family, and the transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCR) family of the lncRNAs [ 3 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
New sequencing technologies have shown that a large number of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs are associated with multiple cancer types and indicated they have emerged as an important class of pervasive genes during the development and progression of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

Small non-protein-coding RNA molecules, composed of around 22 nucleotides, are commonly named as miRNAs ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

Studies of human genome demonstrate that protein-coding genes only occupy less than 2% of the entire genome [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

utilized tetracycline-regulatable promoter components to create mycobacterial strains that conditionally exhibit pantothenate synthetase (knockdown stress in conjunction with a fluorescence displacement assay to recognize hits that particularly focus on biotin biosynthesis (19). (icsv20.org)
Standard techniques like cell synchronization by serum starvation, flow cytometry, N-terminal or C-terminal FLAG epitope-tagged protein expression, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, dual luciferase assay for promoter evaluation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed during this study. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of six siRNAs were designed and screened through transient transfection assay and knockdown in expression of CP-PVY mRNA was calculated in CHO-k cells. (virosin.org)
Using a CRISPR Cas9-guided immunoprecipitation assay, we identify a circular RNA in the FLI1 promoter chromatin complex, consisting of FLI1 exons 4-2-3, referred to as FECR1.Overexpression of FECR1 enhances invasiveness of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Using this CasIP assay, we identified FECR1, a FLI1 exonic circular RNA that binds to the FLI1 promoter and epigenetically activates FLI1 in breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The miRIDIAN microRNA Mimic Housekeeping Positive Controls allows for direct monitoring of housekeeping genes in a microRNA mimic experiment. (horizondiscovery.com)
The miRIDIAN microRNA Mimic Housekeeping Positive Controls allow for the direct monitoring of housekeeping genes in a microRNA mimic experiment. (horizondiscovery.com)
More importantly, circRNAs serve as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and crucial regulators of gene expression. (ijbs.com)

Traditionally, the nucleolar Pol I and nucleoplasmic Pol III are viewed as the sole mammalian RNA polymerases that directly mediate housekeeping ribosome biogenesis. (nature.com)
Most mammalian genes are equally expressed from the two inherited parental alleles. (harvard.edu)
A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells. (virosin.org)

Commonly made in the laboratory by solid-phase chemical synthesis, these small bits of nucleic acids can be manufactured as single-stranded molecules with any user-specified sequence, and so are vital for artificial gene synthesis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, molecular cloning and as molecular probes. (wikipedia.org)
Here we show, however, that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) inside human nucleoli operates near genes encoding rRNAs to drive their expression. (nature.com)

siGENOME and ON-TARGET plus siRNA reagents (SMARTpool and three of four individual siRNAs) are guaranteed to silence target gene expression by at least 75% at the mRNA level when demonstrated to have been used under optimal delivery conditions (confirmed using validated positive control and measured at the mRNA level 24 to 48 hours after transfection using 100 �nM siRNA). (horizondiscovery.com)
Reagents with a better knockdown should give a stronger phenotype. (sitoolsbiotech.com)

If binding takes place this hybrid can be degraded by the enzyme RNase H. RNase H is an enzyme that hydrolyzes RNA, and when used in an antisense oligonucleotide application results in 80-95% down-regulation of mRNA expression. (wikipedia.org)
They comprise a few dozen base pairs arranged in an 'antisense' or reverse order and prevent production of pathogenic proteins through binding to the 'sense' strand of mRNA targets. (news-medical.net)
N6-methyladenine (m6A) mRNA modification is the most abundant form of posttranscriptional RNA modification in eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
More than 60% of all RNA modifications are methylated modifications, and m6A is the most abundant chemical modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
In our study, a 480bp fragment of the capsid protein gene of potato virus Y (CP-PVY) was used as a target to downregulate PVY mRNA expression in-vitro, as the CP gene interferes with viral uncoating, translation and replication. (virosin.org)
CP-PVY mRNA knockdown efficiency was analyzed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR of CHO-k cells co-transfected with a CP gene construct and siRNAs. (virosin.org)
Relative target gene mRNA was normalized to relative ef1a mRNA ranges for all sam ple, as proposed by Olsvik et al. (alkpathway.com)

Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy has the potential to ameliorate many neurodegenerative diseases at the genetic level to suppress the production of harmful proteins or non-coding RNAs. (news-medical.net)
The research team had recently developed DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) technology capable of highly efficient RNA degradation in vivo. (news-medical.net)
Diermeier, S. D. & Spector, D. L. Antisense Oligonucleotide-mediated Knockdown in Mammary Tumor Organoids. (amaroqtx.com)

In this method, one RNA strand is expressed by a cell-specific promoter and the other by a heat shock promoter, resulting in only expression of double-stranded RNA in the target cell when heat shock is induced. (biomedcentral.com)
In this organism, various cell-specific promoters can be utilized for cell-specific expression to determine the function of a gene in a specific cell. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast to cell-specific promoters, heat shock promoters drive the expression of genes at arbitrary timing via heat shock [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, heat shock promoters drive global expression, meaning that the knockdown is performed in the majority of cells, thereby removing vital cellular functions and thus inducing lethality when essential genes are knocked down by this method. (biomedcentral.com)
Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
These testing methods make use of pathway-selective sensitization via antisense RNA or conditional gene appearance (11, 13,C17) where reduced expression from the targeted gene leads to increased awareness to inhibitors functioning on that focus on. (icsv20.org)
Existing models suggest that RNA polymerases I and III (Pol I and Pol III) are the only enzymes that directly mediate the expression of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) components of ribosomes. (nature.com)
The shield prevents Pol I from producing sense intergenic noncoding RNAs (sincRNAs) that can disrupt nucleolar organization and rRNA expression. (nature.com)
Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
The genomic role of TEs has followed an interesting arc - they were initially described as controlling elements in maize, due to the impact of insertions on local gene expression [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent research has revisited the topic of TE impact on gene expression, noting that the dissemination of highly similar sequence accomplished by TEs is a powerful way to link many diverse genomic regions into a regulatory network [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals heterogenous lncRNA expression in xenografted triple-negative breast cancer cells. (amaroqtx.com)
Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs function as a molecular rheostats that serve in fine-tuning cell signaling pathways [ 10 , 11 ], doing so by modulating the expression of large numbers of genes and, consequently, impacting the flux through essential regulatory nodes of vast signaling networks. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 gene expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of BRCA2 gene is silenced at the G0/G1 phase of cell growth and is de-silenced at the S/G2 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
Subcellular location of ZAR2 and its expression from the reverse promoter of the BRCA2 gene are stringently regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
ZAR2 binds to BRCA2/ZAR2 bi-directional promoter in vivo and is responsible, at least in part, for the silencing of BRCA2 gene expression in the G0/G1 phase in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The notion could be that unique cellular mechanisms are triggered in the breast cancer cells to stimulate BRCA2 gene expression as a temporary measure to regulate the growth of the breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
One potential mechanism of BRCA2 involvement in breast cancer progression may be through deregulation of the BRCA2 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 gene expression is stringently regulated during the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
While BRCA2 expression is involved in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair, the mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2 gene expression remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
Notably, circRNAs display cell-type, tissue-type and developmental-stage specific expression patterns in eukaryotic transcriptome, which reveals their significant regulatory functions in gene expression. (ijbs.com)
Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technologies and microarray techniques enable scientists to conduct comprehensive analyses on the abundance, composition, expression profile and molecular function of circRNAs [ 16 ]. (ijbs.com)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Finally, we showed that decreasing NSMCE2 gene expression increases breast cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Generally, Luminal tumors are characterized by ER gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Luminal A tumors have higher ER gene expression levels than Luminal B tumors, whereas Luminal B tumors have higher gene expression levels of proliferation-related genes than Luminal A tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
HER2-enriched, Basal and Normal-like tumors are characterized by either low or absent ER gene expression levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, the Normal-like classified tumors show high expression levels of many genes expressed by adipose tissue and other nonepithelial cell types and are characterized by gene expression patterns that are similar to those of normal breast tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
The market for methods, compositions, and compounds for the specific inhibition by double-stranded DNA of gene expression is a rapidly growing field in the biotechnology industry. (inventiv.org)
Gene expression is the process by which genetic information is used to synthesize proteins, which are the building blocks of life. (inventiv.org)
However, sometimes gene expression can go awry, leading to the development of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and genetic disorders. (inventiv.org)
Inhibition of gene expression has been a focus of research for many years, and there are several methods and compounds that have been developed to achieve this goal. (inventiv.org)
One of the most promising approaches is the use of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to specifically target and inhibit the expression of genes. (inventiv.org)
This structure allows dsDNA to bind to specific regions of the genome, which can be used to target and inhibit the expression of specific genes. (inventiv.org)
The market for methods, compositions, and compounds for the specific inhibition by dsDNA of gene expression is driven by the increasing demand for new and effective treatments for diseases that are caused by abnormal gene expression. (inventiv.org)
Several companies are currently developing methods and compounds for the specific inhibition by dsDNA of gene expression. (inventiv.org)
The invention is directed at compositions and techniques for selectively reducing expression of a target gene's gene product in a cell as well as treating diseases that are caused by gene expression. (inventiv.org)
These compositions and methods are capable of reducing expression of target gene in eukaryotic cell. (inventiv.org)
The differences in gene expression for the URE3-BP and Igl transfectant lines as compared to the GFP transfectant line were calculated by using both the relative standard curve and the comparative C(t) method (ΔΔ C(t) method) [54, 55]. (cmet-receptor.com)
Mechanistically, NGF could upregulate TDE-miR-21-5p levels, and DRG cells took up TDE to activate the Warburg effect and stimulate nociceptor gene expression. (hindawi.com)

In order to better understand how HIF-1 increases longevity and to relate these findings to mammals, our project aims to find the specific genes and tissues downstream of HIF-1 that benefit worm longevity without the consequences of VHL disease. (uw.edu)
Our approach offers a new avenue to identify a signature of tumor specific genes that are not frequently mutated but dysregulated by super-enhancers. (biomedcentral.com)

Investigators develop degradation-resistant microspheres composed of RNA as both carrier and cargo. (genengnews.com)
3) knockdown of FBXO16 postponed the turnover of hnRNPL and reduced the polyubiquitination of hnRNPL (4) hnRNPL RRM3 was resistant to FBXO16-induced degradation. (azd1152.com)

We detect widespread interactions between RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and many families of TE-derived sequence in the CLIP-Seq data. (biomedcentral.com)
2) Toxicity of repeat RNA through sequestration of RNA binding proteins. (adrianisaacslab.com)

Herein, we present the first evaluation of cationic dendrimers based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) as nonviral vectors for transfection of short interfering RNA (siRNA) in cell cultures. (mdpi.com)

For their proof of principle work the team designed the RNA polymer to encode repeating units of an anti-luciferase siRNA, which they could then test in experimental models. (genengnews.com)

A previous report has shown that RNA hairpins, which are driven by the heat shock promoter, induce knockdown of the target gene [ 5 ], suggesting the possibility of time-specific knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)

While studying the activity of BRCA2 gene promoter in breast cancer cells, we discovered that this promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter at the G0/G1 phase of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Human BRCA2 gene promoter is active in both the forward and the reverse orientations. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 gene promoter has bi-directional activity, expressing BRCA2 and a novel C4-type zinc finger containing transcription factor ZAR2. (biomedcentral.com)

Small RNAs were isolated from each sample as well as control nontransfected HM1:IMSS trophozoites using Ambion's mirVana™ miRNA Isolation Kit (Applied Biosystems/Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) as per the manufacturer's instructions. (cmet-receptor.com)

The chemical modification of RNA is a newly discovered epigenetic regulation mechanism in cells and plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
These data suggest that FECR1 circular RNA acts as an upstream regulator to control breast cancer tumor growth by coordinating the regulation of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)

What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
The ability of miRs to target multiple genes and biological signaling pathways has created intense interest in their potential clinical utility as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers, and as innovative therapeutic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
We discovered that in FBXO16-lacking cells also, the appearance from the downstream genes of EMT and RAS pathways more than doubled, followed by improved MAPK activity notably. (azd1152.com)
A p120ctn is really a regulator from the kaiso perform and it is identified that while in the nucleus of the cell they straight modulate the action of canonical Wnt pathways and target genes of B catenin, which can be another indication in the importance of Kaiso while in the growth of cancer. (alkpathway.com)

At nucleolar rRNA genes, Pol I synthesizes precursor rRNAs (pre-rRNAs) that are processed into mature 28S, 18S and 5.8S rRNA molecules as they migrate to the granular component at the nucleolar periphery. (nature.com)
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of the most abundant regulatory molecules. (lidsen.com)
We worked with the UCL School of Pharmacy to develop small molecules which specifically bind the GGGGCC repeat RNA G-quadruplex. (adrianisaacslab.com)
These small molecules reduced both repeat-derived RNA foci and RAN translation (Simone, Balendra et al 2018). (adrianisaacslab.com)

Crosslinked immunoprecipitation (CLIP)-Seq is the state of the art technique for mapping the direct binding sites of an RBP. (biomedcentral.com)

SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)

We reveal a nucleolar Pol-II-dependent mechanism that drives ribosome biogenesis, identify disease-associated disruption of nucleoli by noncoding RNAs, and establish locus-targeted R-loop modulation. (nature.com)

It involves crosslinking cells to lock RNA-protein interactions, immunoprecipitating the complexes using an antibody specifically targeted to the RBP, sequencing cDNA reverse transcribed from the captured RNA, and statistically analyzing the aligned sequencing reads [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The qual ity of the RNA was assessed spectrophotometrically 1 ug RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA utilizing oligo primer along with the Taqman Gold RT PCR kit. (alkpathway.com)

The CRISPR/Cas system uses guide RNAs (gRNAs) to direct sequence-specific DNA cleavage. (harvard.edu)

RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis Tissue homogenization from 15 replicates from each group was attained inside a mortar with liquid nitrogen. (alkpathway.com)

Using the results of this screen, we are creating transgenic worms that overexpress these genes under specific nematode promoters. (uw.edu)
Suppression of virus accumulation in transgenic plants exhibiting silencing of nuclear genes. (virosin.org)
In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)

Moreover, gene functions can be analyzed by this system because of cell-specificity, even if mutants of the gene show fatal phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
The resulting blockade of RNA splicing or translation allows loss-of-function phenotypes to be determined within days, contrasting the months that can be required to obtain homozygous mutants. (cdc.gov)
If the siRNAs work as expected, those siRNAs with better knockdown should give stronger phenotypes than those with weaker knockdown. (sitoolsbiotech.com)

Mammary Tumor-Associated RNAs Impact Tumor Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration. (amaroqtx.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that can function as either powerful tumor promoters or suppressors in numerous types of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, FLI1 drives tumor metastasis not only through the canonical oncoprotein pathway, but also by using epigenetic mechanisms mediated by its exonic circular RNA. (biomedcentral.com)

Our findings revise theories of labour division between the major RNA polymerases, and identify nucleolar Pol II as a major factor in protein synthesis and nuclear organization, with potential implications for health and disease. (nature.com)

This argues for the screening technique that includes testing of targets in the mycobacterial cell and using the double-membrane hurdle as a filtration system. (icsv20.org)
Additionally, the effects were confirmed across species and against other neurogenerative disease gene targets such as myotonic dystrophy type 1, Alexander disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (news-medical.net)
Sarkar, D. & Diermeier, S. D. Circular RNAs: Potential Applications as Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. (amaroqtx.com)

A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
We have observed, however, that C911s often give substantial knockdown of the original target gene (in some ways, C911s are like very good microRNAs). (sitoolsbiotech.com)

Among the continually increasing numbers of RNA therapeutic modes, four have been identified as clinically promising. (chromatographytoday.com)
While several new non-coding RNA forms have been described recently, these four therapeutic modes show promise. (chromatographytoday.com)
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) represent a promising therapeutic option for gene silencing, but one of the major hurdles to their clinical success is the difficulty in designing an efficient delivery method. (genengnews.com)

However, it has been proven that more than 62% of genomic DNA serves as a template for transcription, which indicates that there are abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human transcriptome [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)

ref>Watanabe M, Iwashita M, Ishii M, Kurachi Y, Kawakami A, Kondo S, Okada N. (2006) Spot pattern of leopard Danio is caused by mutation in the zebrafish connexin41.8 gene. (wikidoc.org)

We are also working to translate our basic research into potential therapies and are currently developing small molecule and gene therapy therapeutics based on our findings. (adrianisaacslab.com)

Knockdown of PD-1 enhanced SW480 viability in-vitro, while overexpression of PD-1 diminished cell viability. (jcancer.org)

Chromosomes are the cellular storage units for genes contained within the nucleus (which is the genetic center) of the cell and are analogous to a spool with the DNA or genetic message being the thread on the spool. (sarcomahelp.org)

This method identifies the cells in which the target gene functions. (biomedcentral.com)
The Chol-HDO platform showed significant dose-dependent target gene reductions with prolonged action in all CNS regions and cell types. (news-medical.net)
Existing techniques for monitoring neural activity in awake, freely behaving vertebrates are invasive and difficult to target to genetically identified neurons. (harvard.edu)
We are now building on this work to develop new gene therapy and small molecule approaches to target mechanisms implicated in C9orf72-FTD/ALS as well as neurodegeneration more broadly. (adrianisaacslab.com)
Tissues with complex three-dimensional morphology, significant depth, or rapid movement are challenging to selectively target by optical techniques. (cdc.gov)
To find out the effi ciency of target genes and reference gene, we employed the typical curve approach. (alkpathway.com)
Far better would be to confirm screening results with siPOOLs, which provide robust knockdown and minimal off-target effects . (sitoolsbiotech.com)

Our meta-analysis suggests a widespread role for TEs in shaping RNA-protein regulatory networks in the human genome. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, the effects of gene knockdown can be assessed using various loss-of-function mutants, and researchers recently developed a new method of generating loss-of-function mutations in targeted genes in C. elegans [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The mutations of BRCA2 gene predispose the cells towards neoplastic development. (biomedcentral.com)

we have found two genes downstream of HIF-1 that when overexpressed increase nematode longevity. (uw.edu)

We and others have synthesized light-activatable cMOs that allow spatiotemporal control of RNA splicing or translation, complementing the use of conditional knockouts to study stage- and tissue-specific differences in gene function. (cdc.gov)

Interestingly, other major FTD genes such as progranulin and TMEM106B also have important roles in lysosome function. (adrianisaacslab.com)

Additionally, the defective mutant of the neutral trehalase gene ( Ntl) produced organisms that were more thermotolerant than the wild type, most likely because of higher trehalose levels [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Either prokaryotes or eukaryotes whose genome is altered in the laboratory using artificial techniques are known as genetically modified organisms. (geneticeducation.co.in)

NanoString probes had been intended for your twelve genes according to dif buy Imatinib ferent exons found in numerous areas. (mirnaarray.com)
3 probes have been created for every gene. (mirnaarray.com)

Pol II, assisted by the neurodegeneration-associated enzyme senataxin, generates a shield comprising triplex nucleic acid structures known as R-loops at intergenic spacers flanking nucleolar rRNA genes. (nature.com)
Within rDNA, rRNA genes are separated by large intergenic spacers (IGSs) (Extended Data Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
rRNA bands were analyzed to insure equal RNA loading. (cmet-receptor.com)

Conventional MOs are typically used to constitutively disrupt targeted genes in an organism-wide manner. (cdc.gov)

18 , 19 We surmised that cyclic cMOs containing an NfsB-cleavable linker could be used with analogous lines to knock down gene function in a tissue-specific manner (Figure 1 a). (cdc.gov)
Quick, tissue was homogenized within a mortar with liquid nitrogen and complete RNA was extracted making use of Trizol reagent and Micro to Midi Kit prior to DNase therapy. (alkpathway.com)

Anatomy6

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes27

Information Science3

Oligonucleotides15

RNAi19

Interference7

Sense and antisense5

Hairpin7

Long Non-Codi2

Strands5

Hybridization3

Post-transcriptional10

Sequences3

LncRNAs6

Nucleotides1

Protein codin2

Assay5

MicroRNA3

Mammalian3

Polymerase2

Reagents2

MRNA7

Oligonucleotide3

Expression41

Specific genes2

Degradation2

Proteins2

Transfection1

SiRNA1

Induce1

Promoter3

MiRNA1

Regulation2

Pathways4

Molecules4

Immunoprecipitation1

Transcription initiation1

Biogenesis1

Reverse transcribed2

Sequence1

CDNA1

Transgenic3

Phenotypes3

Tumor3

Synthesis1

Targets3

Substantial2

Therapeutic3

Transcriptome1

Zebrafish1

Therapies1

Overexpression1

Cellular1

Target7

Human genome1

Mutations2

Downstream1

Conditional1

Important roles1

Organisms2

Probes2

RRNA3

Disrupt1

Tissue2