This mini-review focuses on covalently linked conjugates of PNA with cell-penetrating peptides, aminosugars, aminoglycoside antibiotics, and non-peptidic molecules that were tested, primarily as PNA carriers, in antibacterial and antiviral applications. (bvsalud.org)
In the last part, information about cell-penetrating peptides that can be used as molecular carries is mentioned with providing classification and cellular uptake mechanism of them. (intechopen.com)
PNAs5
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are synthesized by attaching modified peptide backbones generally derived from repetitive N-2-aminoethyl glycine units in place of the regular phosphodiester backbone and represent synthetic impersonator of nucleic acids that offers an exciting research field due to their fascinating spectrum of biotechnological, diagnostic and potential therapeutic applications. (bvsalud.org)
OBJECTIVES: To examine the bactericidal effect of antisense peptide-peptide nucleic acids (P-PNAs) that can block the expression of DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV in FQ-resistant Escherichia coli (FRE). (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: Antisense P-PNAs, ASP-gyrA1 and ASP-parC1, targeting the translational initiation sites of their respective target genes significantly inhibited the growth of the FRE isolates. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the potential of targeted antisense P-PNAs as antibiotic alternatives against FQ-resistance bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
These advantageous features instigated tremendous interest in PNAs as antisense and antigene agents. (creative-peptides.com)
Therapeutic2
Aptamers 2016 will be co-hosted with our 2nd symposium on antisense and therapeutic oligonucleotides, Oligo 2016 , on 6th April 2016. (libpubmedia.co.uk)
The specific characters of peptides (high bioactivity, high specificity, and low toxicity) have made them attractive therapeutic agents. (intechopen.com)
Therapeutics1
Morpholinos are in development as pharmaceutical therapeutics targeted against pathogenic organisms such as bacteria or viruses and genetic diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Oligo1
A Morpholino, also known as a Morpholino oligomer and as a phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO), is a type of oligomer molecule (colloquially, an oligo) used in molecular biology to modify gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Backbone5
The semi-rigid peptide nucleic acid backbone serves as a nearly-perfect template for attaching complimentary base pairs on DNA or RNA in a sequence-dependent manner as described by Watson-Crick models. (bvsalud.org)
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an artificial oligonucleotide mimetic with a peptidic backbone in lieu of a phosphoribosyl backbone. (creative-peptides.com)
Backbone modifications for enhanced cellular uptake: For enhanced cellular delivery, PNA has been conjugated with cell penetrating peptide (CPP), cationic peptides, and basic amino acid stretches such as Lysine and Arginine. (creative-peptides.com)
A randomly folded peptide nucleic acid has been transformed into a right-handed helix by simple modification at the γ-position of the backbone. (creative-peptides.com)
Chiral PNA Backbone: Chiral PNA backbones with modifications at the α-, β-, and γ-positions have been developed, each possessing unique oligomer binding and conformational properties. (creative-peptides.com)
Synthetic4
Morpholinos are synthetic molecules that are the product of a redesign of natural nucleic acid structure. (wikipedia.org)
The use of synthetic peptides approved by the health authorities for vaccine, for cancer, and in drug delivery systems is increasing with these developments. (intechopen.com)
The aim of this chapter is to review some applications of synthetic peptides providing a brief knowledge about peptide synthesis. (intechopen.com)
Then the synthetic peptide vaccine application of peptides was reviewed. (intechopen.com)
Molecules2
Morpholinos block access of other molecules to small (~25 base) specific sequences of the base-pairing surfaces of ribonucleic acid (RNA). (wikipedia.org)
Morpholinos do not trigger the degradation of their target RNA molecules, unlike many antisense structural types (e.g., phosphorothioates, siRNA). (wikipedia.org)
Targets2
Nucleic acid represents the ideal drug candidate for protein targets that are hard to target or against which drug development is not easy. (bvsalud.org)
Despite the advantageous features of classic PNA, its low water solubility, poor cellular uptake, propensity to self-aggregate, and orientational ambiguity in recognizing nucleic acid targets, limits the effectiveness of PNA in its applications. (creative-peptides.com)
Gene expression2
PNA sequences can be designed to selectively silence gene expression, which makes PNA a promising tool for antimicrobial applications. (bvsalud.org)
Because of its antigene, antisense, anti-miR, and the scope to be labeled with various fluorophores, PNA finds application in gene expression modulation in-vivo , and development of nucleic acid-based biosensors which are useful in biotechnology researches and clinical diagnostics. (creative-peptides.com)
Bind1
Usually 25 bases in length, they bind to complementary sequences of RNA or single-stranded DNA by standard nucleic acid base-pairing. (wikipedia.org)
Drug3
The synthesis and applications of the peptides are gaining increasing popularity as a result of the developments in biotechnology and bioengineering areas and for a number of research purposes including cancer diagnosis and treatment, antibiotic drug development, epitope mapping, production of antibodies, and vaccine design. (intechopen.com)
The aim of this book chapter is to review the recent developments in the use of peptides in the diagnosis of drug and vaccine systems and to present them to the reader with commercially available illustrations. (intechopen.com)
U Dosing regimens for antimicrobials exemplify the integration of pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) and pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body). (paperzz.com)
High3
A sophisticated high-order framework nucleic acid (FNA) was engineered for the targeted delivery and responsive release of environment tolerant antisense peptide nucleic acids (asPNAs). (bvsalud.org)
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a nucleic acid mimic with high specificity and binding affinity to natural DNA or RNA, as well as resistance to enzymatic degradation. (bvsalud.org)
Production of high genetic merit bulls, Production of disease free quality semen, Extension and demonstrations for fodder development, Interventions to strengthen village based milk procurement systems, Augmenting systems in the villages for procurement of milk in a fair and transparent manner, Project learning and monitoring and capacity building and training. (paperzz.com)
Simple1
In the first part, information about the peptide synthesis was given in a very simple and readable format under the title of solid-phase peptide synthesis including a brief history, solid supports, linkers, protecting groups, and analysis method sections. (intechopen.com)
Analysis1
It is also used as tools for genome mapping, hybridization technologies in genetic detection, FISH technology, PCR analysis, and many more. (creative-peptides.com)
Molecular biology1
A Morpholino, also known as a Morpholino oligomer and as a phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO), is a type of oligomer molecule (colloquially, an oligo) used in molecular biology to modify gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
MiRNA2
In 1993, the first miRNA known as lin-4 was discovered in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans via genetic screening [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
however, the antisense miRNA strand (also known as miRNA*) is subsequently degraded. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene1
Therapeutic tiny or short modified antisense oligonucleotides (Tiny ASOs) can block gene expression or modulate splice-switching! (biosyn.com)