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Cephalosporin ResistanceCephalosporinsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsDrug Resistance, BacterialCefotaximebeta-LactamasesDrug Resistance, MicrobialCefuroximeDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEnterobacteriaceae Infectionsbeta-Lactam ResistanceDrug ResistancePenicillin-Binding ProteinsEscherichia coliGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsAnti-Infective AgentsDNA, BacterialBacterial ProteinsAntimicrobial Cationic PeptidesEnterococcus faecalisDrug Resistance, MultipleAcremoniumPlasmidsGram-Negative BacteriaBacteriaBacterial InfectionsDrug Resistance, NeoplasmCeftriaxoneGram-Positive BacteriaPenicillin ResistanceEnterobacteriaceaeDisease ResistanceStreptococcus pneumoniaeStaphylococcus aureusSalmonellaVascular ResistanceEscherichia coli InfectionsPenicillinsAmpicillinDrug Resistance, ViralGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsCephalosporinaseCross InfectionCephalexinEnterococcusShigellaSalmonella InfectionsIntegronsCiprofloxacinFluoroquinolonesElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldTetracycline ResistanceCefiximeSalmonella entericaKlebsiella pneumoniaeCeftazidimePseudomonas aeruginosaCephalothinSerotypingMolecular Sequence DataFecesAmpicillin ResistanceErythromycinMutationDisk Diffusion Antimicrobial TestsCephaloridineCefmenoximeDysentery, BacillaryPneumococcal InfectionsTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole CombinationCeftizoximeMethicillin ResistanceDrug UtilizationNeisseria gonorrhoeaeTetracyclineStaphylococcusMacrolidesStaphylococcal InfectionsR FactorsSalmonella Infections, AnimalGenes, Bacterialbeta-LactamsUrinary Tract InfectionsDrug Resistance, FungalPenicillin AmidaseSequence Analysis, DNAConjugation, GeneticPolymerase Chain ReactionBacteremiaCefazolinColony Count, MicrobialKlebsiella InfectionsChloramphenicol ResistanceMolecular TypingCommunity-Acquired InfectionsImipenemVancomycin ResistanceAcinetobacter baumanniiFood Microbiology
SusceptibilityAntibioticsCarbapenemsBacteriaPenicillinsDevelopment of antimicrobial resistanceStrainsInfectionsFluoroquinolonesPathogensGenesBacterialNational Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring SystemExtended-spectrumGonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance ProgrammeThird-generation cephalosporinLevels of antimicrobial resistancePrevalence of antimicrobial resistanceTetracyclineAminoglycosidesMicroorganismsDispensation of antimicrobialsProgrammeSalmonellaStewardshipCommonlyColiBroad spectrumPenicillinRole of antimicrobialsClinicalClasses of antimicrobialsSusceptibilitiesBeta-lactamasesImportant antimicrobialsCeftriaxoneMicrobialConcernNeisseriaPatternsTherapeuticPneumoniaeChemotherapyAbstractNitrofurantoinMechanismsThreatESBLDrug ResistanceAmpicillinEmergence of ResistanceLactamaseExposureHealthcareIsolates resistantFluoroquinoloneMortalityInfection ControlCriticallySurveillance systemWorld Health OrganTherapy
Susceptibility17
  • The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of up to 3 pathogenic isolates per HAI by a hospital were evaluated to define antimicrobial-resistance in the pathogenic isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • An example of the The antibiotic susceptibility test showed results of the dot blot test with the EAST-1 that 140 (70.0%) isolates carried resistance probe is shown in Figure 1. (who.int)
  • The recent emergence of strains resistant to azithromycin and with decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins are threatening the last available treatment options Footnote 9 . (canada.ca)
  • [ Jurisdictions can consider including ] Laboratories are encouraged to maintain all Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates demonstrating reduced cephalosporin susceptibility until further notice. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of N. gonorrhoeae infections with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility can be a sign of emerging resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Shigella, nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS), and Campylobacter were isolated from fecal samples, and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Although azithromycin is part of the recommended antimicrobial treatment for gonorrhea, a recent analysis of gonorrhea specimens from CDC's sentinel surveillance system, the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP), shows declining susceptibility to azithromycin. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast to previous antimicrobial resistance patterns, declining azithromycin susceptibility occurred in all parts of the country, especially in the Midwest, as well as among men who have sex with men (MSM), men who have sex with men and women, and heterosexuals. (cdc.gov)
  • It is too early to know if this decline in azithromycin susceptibility is a trend, but it is concerning because gonorrhea can rapidly develop resistance and widespread resistance could have major treatment implications. (cdc.gov)
  • The World Health Organization Western Pacific Region Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (WHO WPR GASP) is a multicentric long term programme of continuous surveillance of the antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae . (health.gov.au)
  • In 1997 the programme examined the susceptibility of 8,594 isolates of gonococci to various antimicrobials in 15 focal points. (health.gov.au)
  • Conclusions: Region-specific surveillance studies provide additional information about the type of pathogens causing UTIs and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. (medscimonit.com)
  • METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility data were retrieved from two sources: pubMLST (https://pubmlst.org/) and Pathogenwatch (https://pathogen.watch/) for the following bacterial pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica subsp. (itg.be)
  • If tetracycline resistance is associated with resistance to other antimicrobials in a range of bacterial species, then doxycycline PEP could have the unintended effect of selecting for resistance to other antimicrobials in these bacterial species.METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility data were retrieved from two sources: pubMLST (https://pubmlst.org/) and Pathogenwatch (https://pathogen.watch/) for the following bacterial pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica subsp. (itg.be)
  • E. coli organisms isolated from patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis are relatively susceptible to a variety of antimicrobials, while the rate of susceptibility to penicillins administered with beta-lactamase inhibitor (BLI), cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones is at least 90%, though penicillins alone without BLI are not effective. (medscape.com)
  • Since the causative bacteria are often resistant to antimicrobials, empiric therapy should be initiated with an antimicrobial of broad spectrum, followed by de-escalation therapy by selecting the antimicrobial after the results of antimicrobial susceptibility of causative microorganisms are demonstrated. (medscape.com)
Antibiotics23
  • Beta-lactamase mediated resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin is a widespread mechanism of resistance for a number of bacteria including members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, a major group of enteric Gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae , the bacterium causing gonorrhea, has progressively developed resistance to the antibiotics prescribed to treat it. (cdc.gov)
  • Following the spread of gonococcal fluoroquinolone resistance, the cephalosporin antibiotics have been the foundation of recommended treatment for gonorrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites to block the effectiveness of antimicrobial medicines, which include antibiotics, antivirals and antimalarials. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • The detection of resistance to carbapenems in poultry and to linezolid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs is alarming because these antibiotics are used in humans to treat serious infections," said Marta Hugas, EFSA's chief scientist. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Resistance to carbapenem antibiotics was detected at very low levels in poultry and in chicken meat in two EU member states. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • We believe it is: in the words of the House of Lords' report, "Resistance to antibiotics … constitutes a major threat to public health and ought to be recognised as such more widely than it is at present. (bmj.com)
  • 3 What seems less controversial is the long term risk of spraying fruit trees in someparts of the world with antibiotics and adding 50-60 kg of an antimicrobial to eachacre of salmon farm. (bmj.com)
  • however, treatment has been compromised by the evolution of antibiotic resistance to the antibiotics used to treat gonorrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • This recommendation was made to preserve the last highly effective class of antibiotics left to treat gonorrhea (i.e., cephalosporins) for as long as possible after laboratory data suggested that the oral cephalosporin, cefixime, was becoming less effective. (cdc.gov)
  • Its scarcity in the medical literature and resistance to numerous broad-spectrum antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, and beta-lactam/lactamase inhibitors pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. (hindawi.com)
  • Within the United States, poverty-driven practices such as medication-sharing, use of "leftover" antibiotics, and the purchase and use of foreign-made drugs of questionable quality are likely contributing to antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • Carbapenemases are a versatile group of Ã�-lactamases that are characterised by their resistance to virtually all Ã�-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins and carbapenems, complicating therapy and limiting treatment options. (omicsonline.org)
  • This quarter's Featured Article reminds us that not only cats and dogs require prudent use of antibiotics, as the authors studying antibiotic resistance in 398 pet reptiles found. (bsava.com)
  • The overuse of antibiotics on CAFOs lead to negative health impacts though antibiotic resistance, and antibiotics should no longer be used as a growth promoter within these facilities. (umass.edu)
  • According to the report "Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013" by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the leading cause of antibiotic resistance is the use of antibiotics, with antibiotics commonly used in animal practices as growth promoters (CDC, 2013). (umass.edu)
  • Other aspects of appropriate therapy that deserve attention include a shift to more 'resistance'-proof antibiotics in empiric therapy, which may be accompanied by better outcomes. (karger.com)
  • The prevalence of bacterial strains and their resistance to antibiotics in urine samples from cats in the UK have not been widely reported previously. (bvna.org.uk)
  • Notably, Enterococcus species were frequently found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics, and several other isolates demonstrated resistance to frequently used antibiotics. (bvna.org.uk)
  • The inappropriate use of antibiotics for bacterial cystitis could not only be ineffective to manage bacterial cystitis in cats but promote further antimicrobial resistance. (bvna.org.uk)
  • Even though feline lower urinary tract disease is one of the most common reasons for vets to prescribe antibiotics, the prevalence of bacterial strains in the urine of cats with this condition, and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics, had not been widely studied in the UK to date. (bvna.org.uk)
  • These enablers supplied the community with various types of antibiotics including broad spectrum fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 16.9% the strains presented multiple resistance (3 or more antibiotics) with 37 different phenotypes. (bvsalud.org)
Carbapenems10
Bacteria26
  • one of the end points of concern is the increase of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. (fda.gov)
  • Antimicrobial resistance can be intrinsic or acquired by bacteria. (futurelearn.com)
  • it is arguably more difficult to predict a resistance pattern when resistance is acquired by a bacteria. (futurelearn.com)
  • Of more concern is resistance acquired via a mobile genetic element (e.g. plasmids), as in this case multiple antibiotic resistance genes maybe present on the same element, rendering the bacteria resistant to multiple classes of drug. (futurelearn.com)
  • Resistance can develop due to mutations, or by bacteria acquiring new genetic material encoding resistance. (futurelearn.com)
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caries a morbidity and mortality risk in the preterm neonate, particularly in the context of rising global antimicrobial resistance driving infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • Antimicrobial resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. (paho.org)
  • Bacteria from humans and animals continue to show resistance to antimicrobials, which is one of the world's biggest threats to public health and often involves the food chain according to a new report from two European public health agencies. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • We are concerned to see that Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria in humans show high levels of antimicrobial resistance," Catchpole said. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • One out of four infections in humans are caused by Salmonella bacteria that show resistance to three or more antimicrobial medications commonly used in human and animal medicine. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • and to what extent will this affect antibiotic resistance in different bacteria? (bmj.com)
  • AMR was highly prevalent among the isolated bacteria, including resistance against fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Bacteria in humans, food and animals continue to show resistance to the most widely used antimicrobials, says the latest report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria in Europe. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Marta Hugas, Head of EFSA's Biological Hazards and Contaminants unit, said: "In northern Europe, there is lower resistance in bacteria from poultry, particularly in countries with low use of antimicrobials in animals. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Resistance to widely used antimicrobials, such as ciprofloxacin, was commonly detected in bacteria from humans and poultry. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The prevalence of multi-drug resistance was high in bacteria in humans (26%), and especially high in broiler and turkey meat (24.8% and 30.5%, respectively). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Some types of Salmonella bacteria, namely Salmonella Kentucky and Salmonella Infantis, are of particular concern as they showed high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin and high multi-drug resistance. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The ecology of environmental antibiotic resistance has recently become an important area of research as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are recognized as emerging biological contaminants. (marquette.edu)
  • Long-term antimicrobial treatments have undoubtedly influenced the evolution of resistant strains, with the majority of bacteria in this study exhibiting resistance against the majority of commonly used antibiotic combinations, including penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides and tetracyclines. (bsava.com)
  • The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is, to a great extent, due to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal transfer mediated by plasmids, transposons and integrons (5). (scielo.br)
  • Although, almost all previous studies and efforts to control the dissemination of these genes have been based on isolates from clinical samples, antibiotic resistance genes can also occur in nonpathogenic bacteria, which can then be transferred via lateral gene transfer (6). (scielo.br)
  • If there is a history of previous use of antimicrobials, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are suspected or have been detected, faropenem (FRPM) or fosfomycin (FOM) should be selected. (medscape.com)
  • analysed the resistance situation for zoonotic pathogens and commensal bacteria. (bund.de)
  • ESBL-forming bacteria can destroy some antimicrobials such as Penicillins and Cephalosporins of the third and fourth generation by means of enzymes. (bund.de)
  • Resistance genes which enter the human organism via harmless intestinal cultures can, once in the intestine, be transferred to other bacteria which in case of an infection are then more difficult to treat. (bund.de)
  • One area where data are not conclusive concerns the treatment of enteric bacteria carrying extended spectrum betalactamases, where the only cephalosporin of concern is ceftazidime. (karger.com)
Penicillins5
  • Resistance to the penicillins was again widespread, and chromosomally mediated resistance was a significant factor. (health.gov.au)
  • Among the clinical populations of Gram-negative microorganisms, bla TEM-1 is the most frequently detected antimicrobial resistance gene and, although its expression results in penicillin resistance, diverse point mutations in the bla TEM-1 gene have contributed to the emergence of TEM-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), resulting in simultaneous resistance to penicillins and broad-spectrum cephalosporins (8). (scielo.br)
  • When gram-negative rods have been confirmed by a urine test, the use of fluoroquinolones should be refrained, and cephalosporins or penicillins with BLI are recommended. (medscape.com)
  • Since, in cases of cystitis in postmenopausal women, the fluoroquinolone-resistance rate of E. coli is higher as compared to that in premenopausal women, fluoroquinolones are not recommended, while cephalosporins or penicillins with BLI are recommended as the first choice for postmenopausal women. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, other Enterobacterales had resistance against cephalosporins and penicillins. (bvna.org.uk)
Development of antimicrobial resistance3
  • Moreover, the control and treatment of gonorrhea have become more complex due to the development of antimicrobial resistance in several countries, including Canada Footnote 8 . (canada.ca)
  • Poverty has been cited by the World Health Organization as a major force driving the development of antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • However, FLUTD is one of the most common reasons for the use of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine and is therefore an important condition to consider to minimise antimicrobial use and development of antimicrobial resistance [ii] . (bvna.org.uk)
Strains11
  • Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. (nih.gov)
  • Based on reported resistance of Ng strains, the CDC currently prescribes a two antibiotic protocol using ceftriaxone (a β-lactam) and azithromycin (a macrolide). (elifesciences.org)
  • The serogroup/serotypes (SGTs) and antimicrobial susceptibilities to 10 antimicrobial agents of 110 clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were determined. (inspq.qc.ca)
  • The MICs of all cephalosporins, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol increased along with the MICs of penicillin G. However, erythromycin resistance and clindamycin resistance were observed more frequently among the intermediately penicillin-resistant strains. (inspq.qc.ca)
  • Multiple resistance was observed for 32 strains, of which 25 were highly resistant to penicillin G and belong to SGT 23F. (inspq.qc.ca)
  • A programme-specific quality assurance programme is conducted annually and a series of reference strains pertinent to the regional patterns of resistance were made available. (health.gov.au)
  • Gram-negative strains were tested against sixteen antimicrobials, whilst Gram-positive strains were tested against nineteen antimicrobials. (bsava.com)
  • Our study demonstrated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella strains isolated from pig slaughterhouses in China and suggested that the genomic platform can serve as routine surveillance along with the food-chain investigation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The qnrB and/or qnrS genes occurred in isolates carrying each of the four types of beta-lactamase determinants detected and also in oxyimino-cephalosporin-susceptible strains. (who.int)
  • Nishijima et al and transmission of antimicrobial resistance in strains data sets identified through literature review and of- of Neisseria gonorrhoeae , with documented transmis- ficial data reported by governments, all of which were sion of multidrug-resistant strains within the Region, ful y anonymized ( Supplementary information file ). (who.int)
  • According to the WHO Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme, which monitors trends in drug-resistant gonorrhea, data from 2009 to 2014 show widespread resistance to ciprofloxacin , with 97% of countries reporting drug-resistant strains, the authors state. (medscape.com)
Infections16
  • First-generation and second-generation cephalosporins are inactive against Enterobacter infections. (medscape.com)
  • Third-generation cephalosporins are not indicated for the treatment of severe Enterobacter infections, perhaps with the notable exception of uncomplicated infections. (medscape.com)
  • To describe the frequency of selected antimicrobial resistance patterns among pathogens causing device-associated and procedure-associated healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) reported by hospitals in the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens that cause healthcare-as sistance vary for different types of healthcare facilities and sociated infections (HAIs) pose an ongoing and increasing for different geographic areas, and some resistance pheno challenge to hospitals, both in the clinical treatment of pa types are difficult for laboratories to detect. (cdc.gov)
  • Surveillance of the Impact of Antimicrobial Resistant Infections in Immunocompromised Children: A Systematic Review. (asm.org)
  • This lack of evidence is particularly concerning given preterm neonates are particularly vulnerable to infections with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms due to their immature immune systems, prolonged hospital stay, repeated interventions and antimicrobial exposure. (nih.gov)
  • Without effective antimicrobials for prevention and treatment of infections, medical procedures such as organ transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, diabetes management and major surgery (for example, cesarean sections or hip replacements) become very high risk. (paho.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance impacts the treatment of community-acquired infections. (paho.org)
  • The main actions that contribute to the containment of antimicrobial resistance are appropriate prescribing, community education, monitoring of resistance and health-care-associated infections, and compliance with legislation on the use and dispensation of antimicrobials. (paho.org)
  • The new report from EFSA and ECDC focuses on zoonotic resistance, which involves infections and diseases that can be transmitted from animals to people or, more specifically, a disease that normally exists in animals but that can infect humans. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Linezolid is one of the last-resort antimicrobials for the treatment of infections caused by highly resistant MRSA. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Scientists warn that resistance to ciprofloxacin, an antimicrobial that is critically important for the treatment of human infections, is very high in Campylobacter , thus reducing the options for effective treatment of severe foodborne infections. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Vytenis Andriukaitis, EU Commissioner for Health and Food Safety, said: "Every year in the EU, infections caused by antimicrobial resistance lead to about 25,000 deaths - but the threat is not confined to Europe. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ: Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: A risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. (karger.com)
  • Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S, et al: The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. (karger.com)
  • Topical antimicrobials are used to treat the localized skin infections that often accompany self-inflicted lesions. (medscape.com)
Fluoroquinolones5
  • The increasing resistance problems of recent years are probably related to the use of increasingly broad spectrum agents (cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones) and crowding of the most vulnerable members of society in day care centres and nursing homes. (bmj.com)
  • fluoroquinolones were the most commonly administered antimicrobials. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Among Escherichia coli isolates, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins, and penicillin/betalactams were the best options for therapeutic treatment because of the presence of a rate of resistance to cotrimoxazole and fluoroquinolones of over 10%, while the most active drug against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was piperacillin/tazobactam. (medscimonit.com)
  • The usual course of administration for cystitis in pregnant women is cephalosporins for 5-7 days, while it is recommended to avoid the use of fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and SMZ-TMP (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) in the early stage of pregnancy, and sulfonamides in the late stage When the causative bacterium shows resistance to cephalosporins, administration of antimicrobials such as CVA/AMPC (clavulanic acid/amoxicillin) and FOM may be considered. (medscape.com)
  • For acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (premenopausal), renally excreted antimicrobials, such as β-lactams and fluoroquinolones, are recommended. (medscape.com)
Pathogens4
  • Nationwide, the majority of units reported no HAIs due to these antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • The impact on clavulanic acid and sulbactam is not clear, although their use in place of cephalosporins appears to reduce the emergence of ESBL and may reduce the emergence of other resistant pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (vin.com)
  • Antimicrobial treatment and multidrug resistance status of the infecting pathogens were found to have no significant effect on outcome. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The objective of the current ering new classes of antimicrobials and the increasing study was, therefore, to assess the bacteriologic pro- emergence and reemergence of resistant pathogens, file, resistance pattern, and patient's outcome in Lan- mortality from infectious disease is increasing [1]. (who.int)
Genes9
  • Thus, genes for resistance develop along with genes directing antibiotic production and organisms are "primed" to develop resistance. (vin.com)
  • Microflora of the GI tract can serve as reservoir of resistance genes. (vin.com)
  • A special problem is the transferability of the genes responsible for the antimicrobial resistance between different bacterial groups. (bund.de)
  • All the Salmonella isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis for serovar predictions, multi-locus sequence types, antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmid types by using the in-house Galaxy platform. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, significant advancements have been achieved in understanding and prediction of antimicrobial resistance of the Salmonella ( 11 , 14 , 18 , 19 ), and the knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids are improving. (frontiersin.org)
  • The dissemination of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes may pose a substantial public health risk. (who.int)
  • Our study assessed 136 E. coli isolates that were grouped into 77 distinct biotypes defined by their origin, resistance profiling, the presence of beta-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polimerase chain reaction typing. (who.int)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)
Bacterial8
  • Exploring the Effect of Sub-MIC Antibiotic Exposure on Bacterial Hetero-resistance at Single Cell Level. (asm.org)
  • The Romanian study focused on the analysis of pathologies responsible for diseases in pets kept in terrariums, aiming to better understand the features of antibiotic therapy, bacterial load and antibiotic resistance in the species. (bsava.com)
  • If tetracycline resistance is associated with resistance to other antimicrobials in a range of bacterial species, then doxycycline PEP could have the unintended effect of selecting for resistance to other antimicrobials in these bacterial species. (itg.be)
  • RESULTS: We found evidence of cross resistance to various antimicrobials in all six bacterial species assessed. (itg.be)
  • CONCLUSION: These results suggest that studies evaluating the effects of doxycycline PEP should include the effects of doxycycline on resistance not only to doxycycline but also to other antimicrobials and in a broader array of bacterial species than has been included in doxycycline PEP studies thus far. (itg.be)
  • Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial colonization in urine o" by Sutunchalee Sikanjananun, Sirikwan Panyasriwanit et al. (chula.ac.th)
  • Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin that inhibits bacterial replication by inhibiting bacterial cell-wall synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • The increase in bacterial resistance constitutes a threat to public health. (bvsalud.org)
National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System2
  • NARMS, National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. (cdc.gov)
  • 1996 - Together with two other federal partners (USDA and CDC), CVM established the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) program. (fda.gov)
Extended-spectrum4
  • In human medicine, E. coli has developed resistance to the fluorinated quinolones, beta-lactams, or both: it is among the gram-negative organisms that secrete extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). (vin.com)
  • Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is an example of the relentless adaptive nature of microbes toward designer drugs intended to preclude the advent of resistance. (vin.com)
  • The main mechanisms of resistance to these antimicrobial classes are the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases. (usp.br)
  • In addition, 81% of countries report increasing resistance to azithromycin, and 66% report the emergence of resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) - oral cefixime or injectable ceftriaxone - which are currently the last-resort treatment options. (medscape.com)
Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme2
  • This report published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence Volume 22, No 13, 24 December 1998 contains information on the the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme. (health.gov.au)
  • The WHO has sought to establish a global surveillance network to monitor antibiotic resistance in the gonococcus - the Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP). (health.gov.au)
Third-generation cephalosporin1
Levels of antimicrobial resistance2
  • Levels of antimicrobial resistance still differ significantly from one EU country to another," Andriukaitis said. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • The highest levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are observed in eastern and southern Europe. (imperial.ac.uk)
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance2
Tetracycline6
Aminoglycosides1
Microorganisms1
  • Antimicrobial resistant microorganisms are found in people, animals and the environment and can spread globally. (who.int)
Dispensation of antimicrobials1
  • Reasons for multidrug-resistant organisms in developing countries are numerous, but the inadequate access to effective drugs, the unregulated manufacture and dispensation of antimicrobials, and the lack of money available to pay for appropriate, high-quality medications are some of the major poverty-driven factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
Programme2
  • The SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance programme on antimicrobial resistance was conducted across India. (omicsonline.org)
  • Data has been collected by the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance Programme at the Division of Health Emergencies and Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe and the ECDC EARS-Net. (who.int)
Salmonella16
  • Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (nih.gov)
  • For the first time, ESBL-producing Salmonella Kentucky with high resistance to ciprofloxacin has been detected in four countries, according to the report. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Combined clinical resistance to critically important antimicrobials was observed at low to very low levels, ranging from 0.2 percent to 1 percent, in Salmonella, Campylobacter and E. coli in poultry. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • The report also found evidence of resistance to the antimicrobial colistin in Salmonella and E. coli among poultry in the EU. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Resistance to widely used antimicrobials was commonly detected in Salmonella from humans (tetracyclines 30%, sulphonamides 28.2%, ampicillin 28.2%) and poultry. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • As of this year the report gives information on resistance to colistin in Salmonella and E.coli from poultry in the EU. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • A farm-to-fork quantitative risk assessment model for Salmonella Heidelberg resistant to third-generation cephalosporins in broiler chickens in Canada. (bvsalud.org)
  • Salmonella Heidelberg resistant to ceftiofur (a third-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial agent ) in broiler chicken products pose a risk to public health in Canada . (bvsalud.org)
  • A 50% reduction in the probability of human prior exposure to antimicrobials, which has a selective and competitive effect for Salmonella spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • The antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates was determined using a minimal inhibitory concentration assay with 14 antimicrobials. (frontiersin.org)
  • Salmonella chez 250 cas de fièvre entérique et 210 cas d'intoxication alimentaire s'étant présentés à l'hôpital général de Thamar et dans l'établissement de soins de santé Dar Alshafaa en 2008. (who.int)
  • Resistencia a múltiples antibióticos en serovariedades de Salmonella aisladas de muestra. (bvsalud.org)
  • Salmonella enterica es un patógeno transmitido por alimentos y agente etiológico de brotes alimentarios de gran impacto en la salud humana. (bvsalud.org)
  • El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar información sobre los serotipos circulantes, resistencia a los antibióticos y presencia de resistencia simultánea a múltiples fármacos en Salmonella provenientes de muestras clínicas humanas y muestras de alimentos en el periodo desde 2017 a 2019. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fueron analizadas un total de 668 cepas de Salmonella aisladas en los años 2017, 2018 y 2019 a partir de muestras clínicas humanas y de alimentos, en el Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública y/o remitidas por Laboratorios de la Red de Enteropatógenos. (bvsalud.org)
  • The target of this work was to generate information on circulating serotypes, antibiotic resistance and the presence of simultaneous resistance to multiple drugs in Salmonella from human clinical samples and food samples in the period from 2017 to 2019. (bvsalud.org)
Stewardship1
  • The primary aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current state of evidence of the implementation and outcomes of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) globally. (springer.com)
Commonly3
  • In this study, the resistance patterns of urinary isolates to commonly used antimicrobials were determined in order to evaluate the options for empirical antibiotic therapy of UTI in out- and in- patients. (medscimonit.com)
  • Resistance was less commonly reported for chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and quinolones. (bsava.com)
  • recent data has indeed shown that the cephalosporin cefovecin is a commonly prescribed antibiotic [iii] for cats presenting with lower urinary tract disease. (bvna.org.uk)
Coli3
  • Escherichia coli rapidly develops resistance, particularly that associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) when exposed to selected antimicrobials. (vin.com)
  • and tetracyline resistance in 42.8 percent of Campylobacter jejuni and in 64.8 percent of Campylobacter coli. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • For example, in 5.9 percent of E. coli isolates from broilers and 6.2 percent of E. coli isolates from broiler meat, resistance to Cephalosporins of the third generation was found which is an indication of the formation of ESBLs. (bund.de)
Broad spectrum1
  • resistance levels are control for colony dot blot hybridization usually high for broad-spectrum penicillin tests. (who.int)
Penicillin1
Role of antimicrobials1
  • adequately powered randomized controlled trials are required to assess the role of antimicrobials for diarrhea. (cam.ac.uk)
Clinical6
  • Anti- and mortality among children in developing microbial resistance among clinical isolates countries [1]. (who.int)
  • Establishment of Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Surveillance of Multi-drug Resistance Markers in P.vivax Clinical Isolates and Chloroquine Transporter Markers in P.falciparum Clinical Isolates. (asm.org)
  • No Clinical Benefit of Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Diarrhea in a High-Usage, High-Resistance Setting. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The clinical benefits of empirical antimicrobial treatment for diarrhea are unclear in settings that lack reliable diagnostics and have high antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (cam.ac.uk)
  • Level B data: the data provide an indication of the resistance patterns present in clinical settings in the country, but the proportion of resistance should be interpreted with care. (who.int)
  • Harbarth S, Garbino J, Pugin J, et al: Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis. (karger.com)
Classes of antimicrobials1
  • Isolates resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials were classified as multi-drug resistant. (bsava.com)
Susceptibilities1
  • Antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance were tested in the study. (bvna.org.uk)
Beta-lactamases1
  • Beta-lactamases hydrolyze the amide bond between the carbonyl carbon and the nitrogen in the beta-lactam ring of susceptible beta-lactams and members of beta-lactam subclasses (including certain cephalosporins). (wikipedia.org)
Important antimicrobials2
  • 1993 to present - New applications for medically important antimicrobials used in food-producing animals have only been approved as VFD or prescription products. (fda.gov)
  • 2012 - Published final Guidance for Industry #209 , which established a framework for ending production uses (e.g., increased rate of weight gain and improved feed efficiency) of medically important antimicrobials and brought the remaining therapeutic uses of such drugs in food-producing animals under veterinary oversight. (fda.gov)
Ceftriaxone2
Microbial3
  • This guidance also established a qualitative risk assessment approach for evaluating the microbial food safety of antimicrobial new animal drugs as part of the new animal drug approval process. (fda.gov)
  • 3 This week the Danish Chief Medical Officer, Einar Krag, has called together colleagues from the European Union and their advisors for a conference on "the microbial threat" to "assess the strategies to prevent and control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant micro-organisms. (bmj.com)
  • A stochastic farm -to-fork quantitative microbial risk assessment model was developed following the Codex Alimentarius Guidelines for Risk Analysis of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance. (bvsalud.org)
Concern4
  • [ 69 ] but emerging resistance is a growing concern. (medscape.com)
  • Why is antimicrobial resistance a global concern? (paho.org)
  • There is an incoming tide of concern about the problems of antimicrobial resistance. (bmj.com)
  • November saw the veterinary sector join forces with the NHS to pilot an antibiotic amnesty in response to the ever-growing concern of antibiotic resistance in humans and domestic animals. (bsava.com)
Neisseria2
  • Gonorrhoea and widely spread antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in its etiological agent Neisseria gonorrhoeae are major public health concerns worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such a GASP network is useful not only for the individual contributing countries and the Regions, but also has wider application as an indicator of emerging global resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae . (health.gov.au)
Patterns1
  • NOTE: Discuss what resistance patterns you are seeing and among what population(s). (cdc.gov)
Therapeutic2
  • The advent of antimicrobial resistance is increasingly limiting therapeutic options in human and veterinary medicine. (vin.com)
  • Therapeutic antimicrobial monitoring (TDM) is performed as necessary. (medscape.com)
Pneumoniae1
  • Cross resistance was found in 4 of 5 antimicrobials for K. pneumoniae, 1 of 2 for C. jejuni, 3 of 5 for S. enterica subsp. (itg.be)
Chemotherapy1
Abstract1
  • We relied on dosing data from a conference abstract, due to the paucity of evidence on the use of novel antimicrobials. (nih.gov)
Nitrofurantoin2
Mechanisms2
  • Introduction to antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. (futurelearn.com)
  • New resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases, resulting in prolonged illness, disability, and death. (paho.org)
Threat5
  • Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society. (paho.org)
  • Given the global threat of antimicrobial resistance, GPs should remain abreast of national treatment guidelines and alert to treatment failure in their patients. (bmj.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a major health threat. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance remains a threat to patient safety and healthcare outcomes and largely arises from inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains an alarming public health threat worldwide. (who.int)
ESBL1
  • Multivariable analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus and recent cephalosporin exposure were the independent risk factors for baseline colonization by ESBL. (biomedcentral.com)
Drug Resistance3
  • In 2016, 490 000 people developed multi-drug resistant TB globally, and drug resistance is starting to complicate the fight against HIV and malaria, as well. (paho.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem that has deleterious long-term effects as the development of drug resistance outpaces the development of new drugs. (jabfm.org)
  • The report also includes a summary on the status of drug resistance for TB, HIV and malaria. (who.int)
Ampicillin1
Emergence of Resistance1
  • Development of a Rabbit Model of Nosocomial Pneumonia to Combat Emergence of Resistance. (asm.org)
Lactamase7
  • Resistance develops much less frequently with fourth-generation cephalosporins because they are relatively stable to AmpC beta-lactamase but not (so far) to the less frequently encountered ESBLs (see Medical Care). (medscape.com)
  • Nitrocefin is a chromogenic cephalosporin substrate routinely used to detect the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by various microbes. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a cephalosporin, nitrocefin contains a beta-lactam ring which is susceptible to beta-lactamase mediated hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • indicates beta-lactamase activity Antibiotic resistance Antimicrobial Beta-lactam β-Lactam antibiotic Beta-lactamase Cephalosporin Peptidoglycan O'Callaghan CH, Morris A, Kirby SM, Shingler AH (April 1972). (wikipedia.org)
  • The cephalosporin segment accounted more than two-fifths of the total beta-lactam and beta-lactamase inhibitors market share in 2018. (pharmiweb.com)
  • However, development of antibiotic resistance, driven by misuse of beta-lactam and beta-lactamase inhibitors and the time taken for the regulatory approval is projected to impede the market growth. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Resistance to carbapenem is mostly conferred by metallo β-lactamase (IMP, VIM and NDM) and carbapenem hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase (OXA-48 like). (omicsonline.org)
Exposure1
  • Exposure to antimicrobials may facilitate survival of isolates that have either spontaneously mutated or acquired resistance through other means. (vin.com)
Healthcare3
  • nhsn update on antimicrobial resistance, 2006-2007 997 it is managed by the Division of Healthcare Quality Pro oratories in different facilities. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibiotic misuse increases the risk of toxicity, raises healthcare costs, and selection of resistance. (springer.com)
  • Pediatric ASPs have a significant impact on the reduction of targeted and empiric antibiotic use, healthcare costs, and antimicrobial resistance in both inpatient and outpatient settings. (springer.com)
Isolates resistant1
  • The pooled mean proportion of pathogenic isolates resistant to antimicrobial agents varied significantly across types of HAI for some pathogen-antimicrobial combinations. (cdc.gov)
Fluoroquinolone2
  • For an interesting case study on Campylobacter species, fluoroquinolone resistance and poultry, please see the document in the see also section below. (futurelearn.com)
  • Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. (nih.gov)
Mortality2
  • Behrendt G, Schneider S, Brodt HR, et al: Influence of antimicrobial treatment on mortality in septicemia. (karger.com)
  • It causes high mortality and morbidity especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to diagnostics is limited and antimicrobial prescription and intake remain inadequately regulated. (who.int)
Infection Control1
  • Poor infection control, inadequate sanitary conditions, and inappropriate food-handling encourage the spread of antimicrobial resistance. (paho.org)
Critically1
  • recommends that the use of antimicrobials in animal production be critically reviewed, especially with regard to antimicrobials that have special significance for human medicine. (bund.de)
Surveillance system1
  • We evaluated the One Health-ness (OH-ness) of the surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Norway by using the recently developed "Evaluation tool for One Health epidemiological surveillance capacities and capabilities" (OH-EpiCap tool). (mdpi.com)
World Health Organ3
  • According to the World Health Organization, "more than any other issue, poverty and inadequate access to drugs continue to be a major force in the development of resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • Antibiotic resistance has been classified by the World Health Organization as one of the three major public health threats of the 21st century (6). (scielo.br)
  • Antibiotic resistance is making gonorrhea much harder, and sometimes impossible, to treat, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned yesterday. (medscape.com)
Therapy4
  • Third-generation cephalosporins frequently show good in vitro activity against these organisms, but, as explained above, a significant risk of developing full resistance during therapy exists. (medscape.com)
  • To date, CDC has not identified a confirmed case in the United States of unsuccessful gonorrhea treatment due to resistance to recommended therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • In developing countries, factors such as inadequate access to effective drugs, unregulated dispensing and manufacture of antimicrobials, and truncated antimicrobial therapy because of cost are contributing to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms. (jabfm.org)
  • Published in Animals (https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101279), this study further highlights the importance of careful antibiotic therapy in all pet species, domestic and exotic, to counteract the evolution of resistance. (bsava.com)