• A 64,000 dalton matrix protein of human cytomegalovirus induces in vitro immune responses similar to those of whole viral antigen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Peptides that are antigenic for T lymphocytes are ligands for two receptors, the class I or II glycoproteins that are encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex, and the idiotypic / chain T-cell antigen receptor1-9. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • By using two syngeneic monoclonal antibodies against the soluble melanoma antigens (M2590 and M562), we found that the melanoma antigen was composed of GM3 (NeuAc) in association of proteins. (go.jp)
  • Finally, we succeeded in cloning of the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which contains genes encoding melanoma antigen with species specific determinant (M562). (go.jp)
  • Recent observations raise the hypothesis that not only the drug/chemical, but also parts of the haptenated protein or peptides may constitute the important structural determinants for antigen recognition by the TCR. (frontiersin.org)
  • The expression of B7 proteins on an antigen-presenting cell is induced by pathogens during the innate response to an infection. (nih.gov)
  • Effector T cells act back to promote the expression of B7 proteins on antigen-presenting cells, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies the T cell response. (nih.gov)
  • The results of these ELISAs using truncated recombinant VP2 and VP3 subunit proteins as coating antigen showed that VP2-345N, VP2-396N and VP3-246M gave good immunoreactivity with CAV-positive chicken sera compared to the other subunit proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All Bluetongue serotypes share a common antigenic determinant called antigen protein P7, while the antigen protein Ps is variable and is used to determine the specific serotype of a virus (1-25). (purdue.edu)
  • It is well documented that oxidative damage of protein and DNA presents unique neoepitopes, which is one of the factors in antigen-driven autoimmune response in various diseases (Scofield et al . (scialert.net)
  • An antigen contains distinct sites on its surface, which is called an epitope or antigenic determinant. (springhealthcare.org)
  • The strength of interaction between antibody and antigen at single antigenic sites can be described by the affinity of the antibody for the antigen. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Within each antigenic site, the variable region of the antibody "arm" interacts through weak noncovalent forces with antigen at numerous sites. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Immunophenotyping relies on detecting specific antigenic determinants on the surface of WBCs by antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies that have been labeled with a fluorescent dye or fluorochrome, such as phycoerythrin (PE) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). (cdc.gov)
  • Some protein and large polypeptide drugs (eg, insulin , therapeutic antibodies) can directly stimulate antibody production. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Interestingly, it is the "prefusion" form of the "F" fusion protein that has proven to be the most successful immunogenic RSV factor (via its "theta" site) in terms of eliciting neutralizing antibodies and generating promising vaccine trials against both RSV Type A and Type B (2). (genetex.com)
  • For this reason, and to support additional research into basic RSV biology, GeneTex is developing recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies against various RSV proteins, focusing first on the RSV nucleoprotein (indicated as NP below). (genetex.com)
  • L104M, L115Q, V210A) between the HA of the virus from the Chilean case and A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like candidate vaccine, and they are not in major antigenic epitopes strongly suggesting that antibodies elicited by the A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like vaccine would be expected to have good cross-reactivity - and therefore protection - against this virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Known epitopes and antigenic determinants for EV-71 are marked in gray (22-25). (cdc.gov)
  • EPIBOT was initially trained using a set of 831 known epitopes from 397 proteins from IEDB. (fiocruz.br)
  • The purified recombinant CAV VP1, VP2 and VP3 proteins were then used as antigens in order to evaluate their reactivity against chicken sera using indirect ELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under pathological conditions, normal cellular proteins can become self-antigens. (springhealthcare.org)
  • The aim is to produce an attenuated virus that incorporates the key immunizing antigens and antigenic determinants of circulating wild influenzaviruses but retains the stable genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the attenuated donor strain when given to susceptible individuals on a wide scale. (who.int)
  • One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)
  • DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • Expression of cloned envelope protein genes from the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus in mammalian cells and random mutagenesis by PCR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Its 15.2 kb genome encodes eleven proteins from ten genes (1). (genetex.com)
  • There is little information on their evolution in Jordan so this study investigated the genetic and antigenic variability of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses in Jordan by performing phylogenetic and genetic analyses of the HA and NA genes of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses between 2011 and 2013. (who.int)
  • Tyrosine 116 of the herpes simplex virus type 1 IEalpha22 protein is an ocular virulence determinant and potential phosphorylation site. (geneticsmr.com)
  • In this study, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), one of the major virulence factors of SPN, is used to design a multi-epitope vaccine. (springeropen.com)
  • [ 9 ] In addition, many M protein serotypes do not confer lifetime immunity. (medscape.com)
  • We find that the risk of hospitalisation depends on both the specific order of infecting serotypes and the antigenic distance between an individual's primary and secondary infections, with risk maximised at intermediate antigenic distances. (bvsalud.org)
  • CD57, also known as HNK-1, NK-1, and Leu-7 is a 100-115 kD oligosaccharide antigenic determinant expressed on a variety of proteins, lipids, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. (biolegend.com)
  • Oligosaccharide antigenic determinant present on a variety of proteins, lipds, and chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, 100-115 kD. (biolegend.com)
  • These markers include a variety of proteins usually including growth factors, and hormones among others. (bvsalud.org)
  • An epitope is an antigenic determinant, a biological structure or sequence to which an antibody binds. (novoprolabs.com)
  • Recombinant DNA technology allows scientific researchers to construct fusion proteins which express the gene of interest and have an epitope tag. (novoprolabs.com)
  • The use of epitope tags eliminates the additional step of using a different antibody for each newly purified protein. (novoprolabs.com)
  • Comparison of the effect of the introduced mutations on the effectiveness of interaction between HlyIICTD and HlyIIC-20 and a control antibody recognizing a non-overlapping epitope enabled identifying the amino acid residues N339, K340 included in the conformational antigenic determinant rec-ognized by HlyIIC-20. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our previous work described a monoclonal antibody (HlyIIC-20), capable of strain -specific inhibi-tion of hemolysis caused by HlyII, and demonstrated the dependence of the efficiency of hemol-ysis on the presence of proline at position 324 in HlyII outside the conformational antigenic de-terminant. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Hopp-Woods hydrophilicity scale of amino acids is a method of ranking the amino acids in a protein according to their water solubility in order to search for surface locations on proteins, and especially those locations that tend to form strong interactions with other macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, and RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the amino acid sequence of any protein, likely interaction sites can be identified by taking the moving average of six amino acid hydrophilicity values along the polypeptide chain, and looking for local peaks in the data plot. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pauling believed that protein shapes-independently of amino acid sequences-determined antibody specificity and biological specificity in general. (ucpress.edu)
  • Each of the mutations , ob-tained by multiple site-directed mutagenesis leading to the replacement of amino acid residues lying on the surface of the 3D structure of HlyIICTD, led to a decrease in the interaction of HlyIIC-20 with the mutant form of the protein . (bvsalud.org)
  • Our method considers a variety of features including protein sequences, gene co-expression, functional association, and phylogenetic profiles. (nature.com)
  • A film detection method for tritium-labeled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Moreover, as the word 'coding' refers to the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins, rather than the mere transcription of DNA into RNA, it is logical to call the strand with the mRNA sequence the coding strand, as in the first example. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • In serotype 4b, gtcA appears to be the first member of a bicistronic operon which includes a gene with homology to Bacillus subtilis rpmE , encoding ribosomal protein L31. (asm.org)
  • Phage bearing specific antigenic determinants from a target gene can be purified in infectious form to generate a phage-display system that can used to map immunoglobulin binding sites. (the-scientist.com)
  • By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)
  • The neuraminidase (NA) gene encodes the other surface protein of the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • The Hydropathy - Hopp-Woods track predicts protein antigenic determinants by searching protein sequences for the area of greatest local hydrophilicity. (dnastar.com)
  • Identification of a 65000 dalton virion envelope protein of human cytomegalovirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • It is disclosed herein that the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 binds to α4β7 integrin on CD4+ T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T-cells. (justia.com)
  • Residues 164, 240, and 241 of VP1 (differing among genogroup B and C viruses and located in known antigenic sites) and residues that differ among neutralizable and nonneutralizable strains are marked by boxes. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we develop an inferential framework that combines detailed antigenic and genetic characterisation of viruses, and hospitalised cases from 21 years of surveillance in Bangkok, Thailand to identify the role of the antigenic profile of circulating viruses in determining disease risk. (bvsalud.org)
  • Jordanian H1N1 viruses had mutations that are characteristic of antigenic group 6 while H3N2 virus mutations belonged to group 3. (who.int)
  • Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Hopp and Woods, 1981, make two assumptions in using hydrophilicity to find antigenic determinants: 1) antigenic determinants are usually found on regions with a high degree of exposure to solvents and 2) antigenic determinants commonly possess charged hydrophilic side chains. (dnastar.com)
  • In subsequent papers after their initial publication of the method, Hopp and Woods demonstrated that the data plots, or hydrophilicity profiles, contained much information about protein folding, and that the hydrophobic valleys of the profiles corresponded to internal structures of proteins such as beta-strands and alpha-helices. (wikipedia.org)
  • Signal 1 is provided by a foreign peptide bound to an MHC protein on the surface of the presenting cell. (nih.gov)
  • This peptide-MHC complex signals through the T cell receptor and its associated proteins. (nih.gov)
  • It is associated with a complex of invariant transmembrane proteins called CD3 , which transduces the binding of the peptide- MHC complex into intracellular signals ( Figure 24-63 ). (nih.gov)
  • However, Pauling never ceased advocating his valence bond theory, which continued to be used, for example, to explain the planarity of the peptide bond in proteins. (ucpress.edu)
  • To drain interstitial fluid *return leaked plasma proteins to the blood *transport dietary fats *protect against invasion by nonspecific and specific immune responses. (easynotecards.com)
  • Complement - group of 20 plasma proteins that provide a major mechanism for destroying foreign pathogens in the body. (slidetodoc.com)
  • Early results suggest that specific cell mediated immunity can be induced by parenteral immunization of Hartley-guinea-pigs with isocyanate /protein conjugates emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. (cdc.gov)
  • Determinants of immunity to influenza infection in man. (cdc.gov)
  • Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in many biological processes. (nature.com)
  • A PPI network provides crucial information on how biological pathways are structured and coordinated from individual protein functions. (nature.com)
  • Lectins are unique proteins of varying biological importance. (nih.gov)
  • Protein markers are an essential component in biological research and drug development. (acrobiosystems.com)
  • The binding makes the protein-drug complex immunogenic, stimulating antidrug antibody production, T-cell responses against the drug, or both. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Several isocyanate /protein conjugates were prepared using strain B6D2F1-mice concerning the induction of homocytotropic antibody suggested that the murine model of isocyanate induced homocytotropic antibody would be a convenient method of assessing the reliability and reproducibility of various isocyanate /protein reagents. (cdc.gov)
  • VP, viral protein. (cdc.gov)
  • Nucleotide sequence of a human cytomegalovirus DNA fragment encoding a 67-kilodalton phosphorylated viral protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Up to the present, systematically assessing viral protein antigenicity and/or determining the immunorelevant domain(s) of viral proteins during serological testing for CAV infection has never been performed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gel diffusion studies indicated that TDI/HSA antisera cross reacted with HDI/HSA antisera, but not to HSA alone, suggesting new antigenic determinants in the isocyanate conjugates may determine cross reactivity between TDI/HSA and HDI/HSA conjugates. (cdc.gov)
  • However, not all strains of a nephritis-associated M protein serotype are nephritogenic. (medscape.com)
  • We report here that a systematic delimitation of an antigenic site precisely identifies a predicted pentapeptide motif as the minimal antigenic determinant presented by a class I MHC molecule and recognized by a cytolytic T lymphocyte clone. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • A synthetic, specially- designed oligonucleotide with the ability to recognize and bind a protein ligand molecule or molecules with high affinity and specificity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • The development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, in which each of the selected bacterial capsular polysaccharides is coupled to a protein carrier molecule, has been a major advance in the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease. (who.int)
  • 3 An up-to-date list of WHO International Standards and Reference Reagents is available at http://www.who.int/bloodproducts/catalogue/en/ (accessed 28 February 2013). (who.int)
  • Carrier protein specificity was also demonstrated. (cdc.gov)
  • serum pools and individual sera from HCMV-infected patients recognized this particular protein intensively in immunoblot assays. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Oligonucleotide which displays specific binding to a protein or other target, often selected by an iterative cycle of affinity- based enrichment. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Further studies using guinea-pigs indicated that antigenic determinants in toluene- diisocyanate (26471625) (TDI) or hexamethylene- diisocyanate (822060) (HDI) conjugates were hapten specific. (cdc.gov)
  • M2590 recognized GM3 carbohydrate moiety with cross-species specificities, while M562 reacts with the protein with species specific melanoma antigenic determinant. (go.jp)
  • Pseudorabies virus EP0 protein counteracts an interferon-induced antiviral state in a species-specific manner. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Signal 2 is provided by costimulatory proteins, especially the B7 proteins (CD80 and CD86), which are recognized by the co-receptor protein CD28 on the surface of the T cell. (nih.gov)
  • Identification of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is important for understanding how proteins work together in a coordinated fashion in a cell to perform cellular functions. (nature.com)
  • Lectins, as an antigenic determinant of blood group, have come to be an important tool in the identification of different blood groups. (nih.gov)
  • Identification of CD8+ antigenic determinants is crucial for vaccine and therapy development. (fiocruz.br)
  • PPIs are essential for individual protein functions, forming various cellular pathways, and are also involved in the development of diseases. (nature.com)
  • Explore our series of high-quality proteins covering comprehensive diagnostic indicators in order to facilitate the in vitro diagnostic research of neurological diseases. (acrobiosystems.com)
  • Pre-formed fibrils are an invaluable preclinical model for exploring pathogenesis of neurological diseases through aggregation of misfolded proteins. (acrobiosystems.com)
  • eg, penicillin itself is not antigenic, but its main degradation product, benzylpenicilloic acid, can combine with tissue proteins to form benzylpenicilloyl (BPO), a major antigenic determinant. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Taken with the present results, this suggests that the potential use of inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase to control excessive collagen deposition in pathological fibrosis may be limited by the need to maintain continuous inhibition of collagen hydroxylation so as to facilitate intracellular degradation of the accumulated protein. (embl.de)
  • The E1 protein contains the antigenic determinants that induce major immune responses, while the E2 protein's role is relegated to forming connections between rows of E1 proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Many pathogens continuously change their protein structure in response to immune-driven selection, resulting in weakened protection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conversely, values set above eight can create a smooth curve, making it difficult to locate areas of potential antigenic sites. (dnastar.com)
  • Streptavidin is a tetrameric protein providing 4 high-affinity biotin binding sites. (acrobiosystems.com)
  • Though the two major RSV antigenic subgroups, designated "A" and "B", display differences in multiple proteins, the primary antigenic determinant is the "G" attachment glycoprotein. (genetex.com)
  • Varicella-Zoster virus IE63, a major viral latency protein, is required to inhibit the alpha interferon-induced antiviral response. (geneticsmr.com)
  • By cross-competition experiments using these MAbs and several others previously described, six distinct antigenic determinants were identified and mapped. (wikigenes.org)
  • A phage display reveals prognostic proteins in prostate cancer patients. (the-scientist.com)
  • The risk of nephritis may also be related to the M type protein and the site of infection. (medscape.com)
  • The risk of developing nephritis infection by M type protein 49 is 5% if it is present in the throat. (medscape.com)
  • The expression, production and antigenic characterization of CAV viral proteins such as VP1, VP2 and VP3, and their use in the development of diagnostic kit would be useful for CAV infection prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein ICP22 is required for VICE domain formation during productive viral infection. (geneticsmr.com)
  • However, it remains a mystery whether the antigenic distance between an individual's first infection and subsequent exposures dictate disease risk, explaining the observed large-scale differences in dengue hospitalisations across years. (bvsalud.org)
  • Peu de renseignements sont disponibles sur les mutations des virus saisonniers de la grippe A(H1N1)pdm09 et H3N2 en Jordanie. (who.int)
  • Afin de remédier à ce problème et d'étudier les variations génétiques et antigéniques des virus A(H1N1)pdm09 et H3N2, nous avons procédé à des analyses génétiques et phylogénétiques des gènes de l'hémagglutinine (HA) et de la neuraminidase (NA) de ces virus, sur la période 2011-2013 en Jordanie. (who.int)
  • L'analyse a porté sur les séquences complètes des gènes de l'HA et de la NA de 16 échantillons positifs au virus H1N1 prélevés dans le cadre de cette étude, ainsi que sur 21 séquences publiées de l'HA et 20 séquences publiées de la NA, issues de virus jordaniens disponibles sur les bases de données de gènes en ligne. (who.int)
  • A complex extracellular matrix with collagenous and non-collagenous proteins composes mineralized tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fold change, immunodominance patterns and antigenic maps were similar among sera. (bvsalud.org)
  • Whether it is for protein electrophoresis or western blot, our pre-stained protein markers help you quickly determine the molecular weight of the target protein or evaluate the transfer efficiency. (acrobiosystems.com)
  • In this study, the role of the His residue at position 39 in the M protein (M39) of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) in the virus life cycle was investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • His theory was informed by his pioneering work on protein structure, and it was inspired by the intuitive "rule of parsimony" and simplicity. (ucpress.edu)
  • Selection of particles and proteins for use as human cytomegalovirus subunit vaccines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • To carry out the further antigenic characterization of the immunorelevant domains of the VP2 and VP3 proteins, five recombinant VP2 subunit proteins (VP2-435N, VP2-396N, VP2-345N, VP2-171C and VP2-318C) and three recombinant VP3 subunit proteins (VP3-123N, VP3-246M, VP3-366C), spanning the defined regions of VP2 and VP3 were separately produced by an E. coli expression system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Purified recombinant VP2-396N and VP2-345N subunit proteins, which span defined regions of VP2, were demonstrated to have good antigenicity and higher sensitivities than VP3-246M and were able to recognize CAV-positive chicken serum using an ELISA assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The defined antigenicity potential of these chimeric subunit proteins produced by expression in E. coli seem to have potential and could be useful in the future for the development of the CAV diagnostic tests based on a subunit protein ELISA system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This control is propagated through the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. (embl.de)
  • The predominant form of the protein is comprised of two alpha1(IV) subunits and one alpha2(IV) subunit, however, at least six different alpha subunits can be incorporated into the heterotrimer. (lookformedical.com)
  • Oligomeric rearrangement of tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope proteins induced by an acidic pH. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Synthesis and secretion of recombinant tick-borne encephalitis virus protein E in soluble and particulate form. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Fill out this form to inquire about our custom protein services! (acrobiosystems.com)
  • this is explained by the proteins that was termed "S100" because it fact that astrocytes form part of the BBB and was soluble in 100% saturated ammonium the increase in its permeability in HE due to sulfate solution [4]. (who.int)
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) form a unique group of proteins within the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. (bvsalud.org)
  • The capsid and tegument of the alphaherpesviruses are linked by an interaction between the UL25 and VP1/2 proteins. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The ability of protein A affinity chromatography to achieve 95% purity in one simple step was the runway that got recombinant immunotherapy off the ground and made it available to millions. (bioprocessintl.com)
  • Using a fluorescent sulfhydryl probe as well as a sulfhydryl inhibitor, one observes a strong cell density response, supporting the hypothesis that cellular redox potential could alter protein stability. (embl.de)
  • 2005). Varicella-zoster virus IE63 protein phosphorylation by roscovitine-sensitive cyclin-dependent kinases modulates its cellular localization and activity. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Mutagenesis of the NS2B-NS3-mediated cleavage site in the flavivirus capsid protein demonstrates a requirement for coordinated processing. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The M and T proteins in the bacterial wall have been used for characterizing streptococci. (medscape.com)
  • The mature flavivirus particle comprises a nucleocapsid core surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing the membrane (M) (derived from the precursor prM) and envelope (E) proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • S100 is an acidic acute liver failure may in part be correlated to protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDA impaired astrocytic functions [16]. (who.int)