Antigen recognition by lymphocytes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Following specific binding of T cell receptors to viral and bacterial-derived peptides bound to MHC ( 5 ), or from neo-antigens ( 8 - 10 ), the appropriate T cells expand, resulting in the increased frequency of T cells carrying such receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endow T cells with antigen-specific recognition, activation, and proliferation independent of major histocompatibility complex ( 1 - 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
Our major goal is to understand the interaction and neutralization of foreign antigens by the immune system through high-resolution x-ray structural studies of antibodies, Variable Lymphocyte Rectors (VLRs) and antigens in the humoral system, T-cell receptor complexes with MHC class I and class II in the cellular system, and through pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs, in the innate immune system. (scripps.edu)
Many other key molecules in cellular immunology are being studied, such as non-classical or MHC homologues: for example, CD1 binds lipid, glycolipid, and lipopeptide antigens from the cell walls of microbial pathogens and the NK family of receptors recognizes classical as well as distant MHC homologues. (scripps.edu)
Studies on other pattern recognition receptors, include peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), TREM-1, Toll-like receptors (TLR) have revealed how unique pathogen-associated molecules are recognized by the immune system. (scripps.edu)
The immune system utilizes sensors on immune cells named pattern recognition receptors to recognize invading pathogens and foreign substances. (exeter.ac.uk)
Peptides that are antigenic for T lymphocytes are ligands for two receptors, the class I or II glycoproteins that are encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex, and the idiotypic / chain T-cell antigen receptor1-9. (uni-muenchen.de)
In such a trimolecular interaction the amino-acid sequence of the peptide must specify the contact with both receptors: agretope residues bind to the MHC receptor and epitope residues bind to the T-cell antigen receptor12,13. (uni-muenchen.de)
discuss the role of integrins in T cell- mediated immunity, with a focus on how these receptors participate in lymphocyte recirculation and T cell activation, how antigen stimulation regulates integrin activity, and how integrins define functionally unique subsets of T cells and APCs. (scielo.br)
Our lab continues to explore mechanisms that control lymphocyte activation, as well as how nicotine or tobacco products affect the immune system with a renewed focus on the role of cholinergic receptors, MHC antigens, and other molecules in negative regulation. (modianolab.org)
Like many receptors on the cell surface, the antigen receptors on the surface of lymphocytes are taken up into the cell by endocytosis together with the antigens they bind.1,2 This is surprising because the antigens recognized by the TCR, the peptide-MHC complexes, are integral membrane proteins, which do not Rabbit Polyclonal to HDAC7A normally pass from one cell membrane to another. (findadig.com)
Immune responses by these cells are based on specific antigen recognition by clonotypic receptors that are products of genes that rearrange during development and throughout the life of the organism. (mhmedical.com)
APCs are also activated through recognition of GLA-SE by TLR4 receptors molecules. (jci.org)
In contrast to CTLs, NK cells lack receptors for antigen detection but can still recognize normal cells infected with viruses and cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)

T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are a subset of T lymphocytes that serve an immune suppressor function leading to peripheral tolerance to selfor foreign antigens. (pharmacy180.com)

Subsequently, they internalize the protein antigen for processing to generate peptides that will be presented by MHC II molecules expressed on the B-lymphocyte cell surface. (pharmacy180.com)
The saga of MHC-bound peptides: a renaissance for antigen presentation? (jci.org)
peptides bound to HLA-DR17 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells of sarcoidosis patients were analyzed in order to identify target antigens of the autoimmune response (see the related article beginning on page 3576). (jci.org)
the modulation of epitope immunodominance and the processing and presentation of HIV peptides for MHC class I recognition were shown to be dependent on flanking residues that were N terminal to the natural epitopes (see the related article beginning on page 3563). (jci.org)
A set of standard tests are defined for the performance of peptide-TCR binding, including the detection of TCRs binding to a given peptide/antigen, choosing among a set of candidate peptides for a given TCR and determining whether any pair of TCR-peptide bind. (frontiersin.org)
Successful recognition of antigenic peptides bound to Major Histocompatibility Complexes (pMHCs) requires specific binding of the TCR to these complexes ( 5 - 7 ), which in turn modulates the cell's fitness, clonal expansion, and acquisition of effector properties ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
the TB2 tube contains an additional set of peptides targeted to the induction of CMI responses from CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
Here the MHC encounter antigens from pathogens or peptides from the self to orient the response of the immune system, either to mount an attack or to signal that they are harmless. (univ-mrs.fr)
Over 250 crystal structures of monoclonal Fab fragments and complexes with a variety of antigens, such as peptides, steroids, cocaine, and proteins, including HIV-1, gp120 and gp41, have led to significant insights into antibody-antigen recognition, virus neutralization, and vaccine design for HIV-1. (scripps.edu)
Whereas B cells recognize native, unprocessed antigens IRAK inhibitor 3 using their B-cell receptor (BCR), T cells recognize antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) using their T-cell receptor (TCR). (findadig.com)
Upon antigen recognition, the B cell internalizes the antigen, processes IRAK inhibitor 3 it into protein fragments, and presents these peptides bound to MHC class II molecules on its own surface. (findadig.com)
C ) Multi-epitope proteins with GLA-SE are captured by the Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and the peptides contained are presented by MHC molecules on the APCs to T lymphocytes in both a class I and a class II pathway. (jci.org)

MHC class II proteins are expressed only on a more specialized group of cells termed antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and present peptide antigen to helper T-lymphocytes. (pharmacy180.com)
MHC class II proteins expressed on the surface of APCs will present peptide antigen to helper T-lymphocytes. (pharmacy180.com)
Mollusk hemocyanins have biomedical uses as carriers/adjuvants and nonspecific immunostimulants with beneficial clinical outcomes by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and driving immune responses toward type 1 T helper (Th1) polarization. (exeter.ac.uk)
Moreover, DCs from mice deficient for MyD88-adapter-like (Mal), a downstream adapter molecule of TLR4, were partially activated by FLH, suggesting a role of the TLR pathway in hemocyanin recognition to activate APCs. (exeter.ac.uk)
Our data showed the involvement of TLR4 in the hemocyanin-mediated proinflammatory response in APCs, which could cooperate with MR in innate immune recognition of these glycoproteins. (exeter.ac.uk)
Efficient recognition of foreign pathogens by T cells requires adhesive interactions between T cells and other cell types, such as endothelial cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and with components of the extracellular matrix. (scielo.br)
Additional cells of the adaptive immune system include various types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (mhmedical.com)
Multi-epitopes adjuvanted with GLA-SE are captured and presented by MHC molecules on the APCs to T lymphocytes. (jci.org)

The UCHT1 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the human CD3ε-chain, a 20-kDa subunit of the CD3/T cell antigen receptor complex. (bdbiosciences.com)
Distinctive functional characteristics of human 'T' lymphocytes defined by E rosetting or a monoclonal anti-T cell antibody. (bdbiosciences.com)
This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
Antibody -B cell-produced molecules encoded by genes that re-arrange during B cell development consisting of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains that together form the central component of the B cell receptor (BCR) for antigen. (mhmedical.com)
Antibody can exist as B cell-surface antigen-recognition molecules or as secreted molecules in plasma and other body fluids. (mhmedical.com)
Antigens -foreign or self-molecules that are recognized by the adaptive and innate immune systems resulting in immune cell triggering, T cell activation, and/or B cell antibody production. (mhmedical.com)
BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggest that second-generation influenza vaccines with higher hemagglutinin (HA) antigen content and/or different production methods may induce stronger antibody responses to HA than standard-dose egg-based influenza vaccines in adults. (cdc.gov)
These findings suggest that recombinant vaccines rather than vaccines with higher egg-based antigen doses may provide improved antibody responses in highly vaccinated populations. (cdc.gov)
antigen test results, and antibody testing might be needed to The references were reviewed to identify additional relevant confirm previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. (cdc.gov)

As such, all cells of the body must possess MHC I molecules to afford antigen presentation to cytotoxic T-cells. (pharmacy180.com)
B-lymphocytes also serve the function of an APC because they interact with protein antigen through high-affinity surface IgM molecules. (pharmacy180.com)
The T-lymphocyte undertakes this MHC surveillance through the possession of accessory molecules. (pharmacy180.com)
In the thymus this subset of CD4+ T-cells are positively induced by interactions with MHC molecules and the recognition of agonist peptide. (pharmacy180.com)
The antigenic molecules or ligands that activate γδ T-cells remain essentially unknown, although they appear not to require antigen processing or MHC presentation. (pharmacy180.com)
The CD4 antigen is involved in the recognition of MHC class II molecules and is a co-receptor for HIV. (thermofisher.com)
These antigens may be cell surface proteins or may be intracellular proteins (eg, TAAs) that are expressed on the surface in combination with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

This process of MHC presentation of peptide and interaction with T-lymphocyte receptor is shown in Figure 9.8. (pharmacy180.com)
The immense diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) enables specific antigen recognition ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
There remains an urgent need for the noninvasive tracking of transfused chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to determine their biodistribution, viability, expansion, and antitumor functionality. (snmjournals.org)
An invariant Vα24/Vβ11 T cell receptor is expressed in all individuals by clonal expanded CD4- CD8- T cells, reactive to bacterial antigens. (beckman.com)
The T-cell receptor in complex with pMHC has revealed how peptide antigens can be recognized in the context of the MHC molecule. (scripps.edu)
That a peptide must bind to an MHC molecule to interact with a T-cell antigen receptor is the molecular basis of the MHC restriction of antigen-recognition by T lymphocytes10,11. (uni-muenchen.de)
T cells share structural features of the T cell antigen receptor. (modianolab.org)
The use of CD20 as suicide gene was investigated in CMV specific T cells and in T cells genetically modified with an antigen specific T-cell receptor. (haematologica.org)
T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is an attractive strategy for rapid in vitro generation of high numbers of antigen specific T cells. (haematologica.org)
Cluster of Differentiation 79 (CD79) is a transmembrane protein found exclusively in B cells that is the transducer component of B-cell receptor (BCR), generating a signal following recognition of antigen by the BCR. (nationaljewish.org)
Dr. Cambier and his laboratory discovered that in certain circumstances, subunits of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) become dissociated rendering the receptor incompetent to transduce activating signals. (nationaljewish.org)
B cell antigen receptor desensitization: disruption of receptor coupling to tyrosine kinase activation. (nationaljewish.org)
Antigen-stimulated dissociation of BCR mIg from Ig-alpha/Ig-beta: implications for receptor desensitization. (nationaljewish.org)

Lymphocyte antigen 96, also known as "Myeloid Differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)," is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY96 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Leucocyte typing IV : white cell differentiation antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
Correlation of cell surface antigen expression on human thymocytes by multi-color flow cytometric analysis: implications for differentiation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Leucocyte typing V : white cell differentiation antigens : proceedings of the fifth international workshop and conference held in Boston, USA, 3-7 November, 1993. (bdbiosciences.com)
The area of Lymphocyte Development and Differentiation has been the target for several publications in previous volumes of this scientific series. (scielo.br)
Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. (bvsalud.org)
CD1d is a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) group of glycoproteins on the surface of human antigen-presenting cells. (msdmanuals.com)

CD4 is primarily expressed in a subset of T-lymphocytes, also referred to as T helper cells, but may also be expressed by other cells in the immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (thermofisher.com)

The expression or unmasking of the lichen planus antigen may be induced by drugs (lichenoid drug reaction), contact allergens in dental restorative materials or toothpastes (contact hypersensitivity reaction), mechanical trauma (Koebner phenomenon), viral infection, or other unidentified agents. (medscape.com)

The recognition of peptide as foreign will lead to an immune response. (pharmacy180.com)
T lymphocytes (T cells) are pivotal in the cellular immune response ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Presentation of these pieces alerts other specialized recognition cells of the immune system called lymphocytes, which starts the normal immune response. (harvard.edu)
Since the immune response to antigen requires clonal proliferation, agents that block mitosis are effective inhibitors of the immune response. (nanomedicine.com)
Introduction T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are the 2 main cell types responsible for the adaptive immune response in vertebrates. (findadig.com)
Antigen recognition results in activation of the lymphocytes, the acquisition of their effector functions, and their cooperation with other cell types in the course of the adaptive immune response. (findadig.com)

T-lymphocytes are unable to respond to carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid material and they only respond to peptide antigen. (pharmacy180.com)
T-lymphocytes are unable to respond to carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid material and they only respond to peptide antigen when it is presented to the T-lymphocyte by surface proteins on the plasma membrane of host cells. (pharmacy180.com)
MHC class I proteins are expressed on the surface of all nucleated host cell membranes and present peptide antigen to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. (pharmacy180.com)

The mucosal immune system is uniquely regulated to manage its constant exposure to viruses, parasites, and bacterial antigens, all of which are in close proximity to a large reservoir of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (medscape.com)

Such a distinct cellular distribution of MHC proteins and restriction in presentation to discrete T-lymphocyte sub-populations may be remembered by considering the different T-lymphocyte functions. (pharmacy180.com)
The QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus assay tests for Cell Mediated Immune (CMI) responses to peptide antigens that simulate mycobacterial proteins. (cdc.gov)
MHC proteins determine antigen recognition by lymphocytes and therefore their activation within secondary lymphoid organs. (univ-mrs.fr)
MHC class II proteins normally hold pieces of invading bacteria and virus on the surface of specialized antigen presentation cells. (harvard.edu)

hence the use of the terms CD8+ lymphocytes to refer to cytotoxic T-cells and CD4+ lymphocytes to refer to helper T-cells. (pharmacy180.com)
After antigen recognition and activation, CD8 + cytotoxic T cells may trigger keratinocyte apoptosis. (medscape.com)

Peptide presentation is critical for immune recognition of pathogen-infected cells by CD8+ T lymphocytes. (jci.org)
This association afforded us a unique opportunity to identify a sarcoidosis-specific antigen recognized by AV2S3+ T cells. (jci.org)
To identify candidates for the postulated sarcoidosis-specific antigen, lung cells from 16 HLA-DRB1*0301pos patients were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. (jci.org)
A vaccination strategy designed to enhance the immunogenicity of self-antigens that are overexpressed in tumor cells is to identify and slightly modify immunodominant epitopes that elicit T-cell responses. (aacrjournals.org)
Recognition of a new ARTC1 peptide ligand uniquely expressed in tumor cells by antigen-specific CD4+ regulatory T cells. (nih.gov)
Once the intruder has been digested, dendritic cells also expose on their surface fragments of the pathogen: the antigens. (univ-mrs.fr)
Paradoxically, while we have known for a long time the key role played by these cells in the activation of B and T lymphocytes, and we identified the sensors that allow them to detect danger signals emitted by pathogens, operation of this interface remains partly a mystery. (univ-mrs.fr)
To deliver these immunological instructions, antigen (in practice a peptide a few amino acids in length) is not presented in isolation to T lymphocytes by dendritic cells but is nestled in a pocket formed by a molecule, known as the Major Histocompatibility Complex (called HLA in humans). (univ-mrs.fr)
In subsequent experiments in cell culture, gold compounds were shown to render the immune system antigen presenting cells inactive, further strengthening this connection. (harvard.edu)
Most T cells in the epithelium and adjacent to the damaged basal keratinocytes are activated CD8 + lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Therefore, early in the formation of oral lichen planus lesions, CD8 + T cells may recognize an antigen associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
Activated CD8 + T cells (and possibly keratinocytes) may release cytokines that attract additional lymphocytes into the developing lesion. (medscape.com)
From here, the antigen is slowly released and provided to immune cells over an extended period of time. (mdpi.com)
Ion channels, located on the membrane of T cells, are the effectors which link antigen recognition to T cell function and gene regulation by controlling calcium homeostasis. (uc.edu)
Activation and degranulation of CAR-T cells using engineered antigen-presenting cell surfaces. (uc.edu)
This unique lymphocyte population restricted by the CD1d molecule recognition has been identified as the natural killer T (NKT) cells. (beckman.com)
It is found on all mature T lymphocytes, NK-T cells, and some thymocytes. (biolegend.com)
Once the graft has escaped the initial acute phase rejection reactions, a cumulative unresponsiveness to the graft develops as the recipient is continually exposed to donor MHC, a stable state that sometimes depends on the development of antigen-specific T-suppressor cells [ 371 , 5349 - 5354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
TLR4, but Neither Dectin-1 nor Dectin-2, Participates in the Mollusk Hemocyanin-Induced Proinflammatory Effects in Antigen-Presenting Cells from Mammals. (exeter.ac.uk)
Studies to antigen uptake, processing and presentation to T cells, the biology of dendritic cells and the regulation of immunity are aimed to raise our understanding of the immune reactions to tumor cells and improve immunotherapy of cancer. (universiteitleiden.nl)
The authors also argue that memory B and T cell responses are long-lived in the absence of antigen, but they are modulated and influenced by other infections and that memory B and T cells can either provide protective immunity or contribute to immunopathology on infection with homologous or heterologous viruses. (scielo.br)
Recent studies indicate that memory T lymphocytes contain distinct populations of central memory (T CM cells) and effector memory (T EM ) cells characterized by distinct homing capacity and effector function. (scielo.br)
In a very interesting review, P. MARRACK & J. KAPPLER focus on naïve, activated, and memory T cells survival separately, and discuss experiments done in vitro and in mice lacking or containing normal populations of lymphocytes. (scielo.br)
This contrasts to the situation for effector T-cells where TCR recognition in the thymus of MHC-presented peptide normally triggers the positive deletion of the affected T-cell. (pharmacy180.com)
that is, the cells only see antigen when it is complexed with a molecule from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). (modianolab.org)
The conventional wisdom then, and until a few years ago was that, because T cells are highly specific (they only recognize one antigen among the millions possible), they would remain quiescent until they saw their precise antigen and would be driven through the cell cycle by pathways that regulate the cell cycle machinery. (modianolab.org)
In fact, our work showed that the machinery that controls proliferation in lymphocytes was similar to that present in other cells (remarkably, this is similar to the machinery that controls cell division in all eukaryotic organisms, including yeast! (modianolab.org)
In the latter 1990's and the early 2000's, several groups proposed that, in fact, T lymphocytes were not unlike other cells, and that they were quite ready to be activated at any time. (modianolab.org)
Moreover, the capture of membrane antigen by B cells is identified as a novel signaling-independent event of B-cell biology. (findadig.com)
The acquisition of antigen by B cells is a central process of adaptive immunity that has been known for decades. (findadig.com)
1 , 2 The anti-tumor effect of DLI is mediated by donor T cells recognizing allo-antigens on the malignant cells of the recipient. (haematologica.org)
Donor T cells may also induce GvHD due to recognition of allo-antigens on non-malignant tissues of the patient. (haematologica.org)
4 In addition, TCRs for minor histocompatibility antigens, including HA-1 and HA-2, have been transferred to donor-derived virus-specific T cells to treat patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
Although human CD20 has previously been described as functional selection marker and suicide gene after retroviral transfer to T lymphocytes, 9 , 10 the specificities of these T cells were unknown, and therefore a potential effect of CD20 on antigen-specific T-cell functions could not be investigated. (haematologica.org)
Using cloned human helper T lymphocytes reactive with a 24 amino acid peptide (p20) of the carboxyl terminal of the HA-1 molecule of influenza haemagglutinin we have investigated the influence of antigen structure on the activation and in the induction of antigen specific unresponsiveness of T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition, this modality does not eliminate all B lineage cells and thus may not be appropriate for all pathologic conditions involving B lymphocytes. (nationaljewish.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) patrol tissues and transport antigens to lymph nodes to initiate adaptive immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
Антигени пухлин Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
The T cell is the primary cell responsible for direct recognition and killing of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigens on target cells and lyse these cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are specialized CD1d-restricted T cells that recognize lipid antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)
The CARD11 gene provides instructions for making a protein involved in the function of immune system cells called lymphocytes, particularly certain types called T cells and B cells. (medlineplus.gov)

The sis caused by Rickettsia slovaca and associ- version to protective antigen of ated with Dermacentor ticks. (cdc.gov)

CD3 plays a central role in signal transduction during antigen recognition. (bdbiosciences.com)
CD3, also known as T3, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays a role in antigen recognition, signal transduction, and T cell activation. (biolegend.com)

The unbalanced secretion of cytokines from inclusion criteria were: standard serological their lymphocytes [ 5,6 ]. (who.int)

My laboratory is interested in ion channels and the membrane mechanisms that regulate the activation and function of T lymphocytes. (uc.edu)
Additional reported (for the relevant formats) applications include: immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen sections, immunoprecipitation, and activation of T lymphocytes 4-7 . (biolegend.com)
The antigen-driven activation signals involve initially TCR interactions with MHC presented peptide and subsequent CD3 activation. (pharmacy180.com)
Influence of antigen structure on the activation and induction of unresponsiveness in cloned human T lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)

Individuals infected with M. tuberculosis complex organisms (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. canetti) usually have lymphocytes in their blood that recognize these and other mycobacterial antigens. (cdc.gov)

Our constructs each included 5 of our best down-selected CD8+ T cell-eliciting epitopes, a universal CD4+ helper T lymphocyte epitope (PADRE), and a secretory signal, all arranged for optimal MHC-I presentation. (jci.org)

1. The use of sera and monoclonal antibodies has permitted the serological definition of three polymorphic genetic loci HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C, which encode the 45kDa heavy chains of the classical class I transplantation antigens. (gla.ac.uk)

A foreign peptide presented by a MHC molecule will be recognized by a TCR expressed on the surface of an appropriate T-lymphocyte. (pharmacy180.com)
Beyond antigen presentation, the interaction between MHC molecule and T-lymphocyte also serves to identify that the T-lymphocyte and host cell membrane arise from the same embryonic tissue. (pharmacy180.com)
We report here that a systematic delimitation of an antigenic site precisely identifies a predicted pentapeptide motif as the minimal antigenic determinant presented by a class I MHC molecule and recognized by a cytolytic T lymphocyte clone. (uni-muenchen.de)
Any molecule capable of being recognized by the immune system is considered an antigen. (msdmanuals.com)

In this review, we discuss the use of pVNPs for the delivery of peptide antigens to the host immune in pre-clinical studies with the final aim of promoting systemic immunity against the corresponding pathogens. (eurekaselect.com)
Immunologic recognition of microbial pathogens is fundamental for fighting infectious disease. (scripps.edu)

Using GSEA analysis, we found that the antigen processing and presentation pathway were related to the five tumor coexpressed genes mentioned above. (hindawi.com)
Endocytosis of emulsion-trapped protein and cross presentation of the antigens must account for the immunogenicity of our adjuvanted protein. (jci.org)

Prednisone and prednisolone [ 386 ] act powerfully to suppress the inflammation accompanying a rejection crisis, and also appear to reduce the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens, thus reducing the immunogenicity of the transplant. (nanomedicine.com)

Evidence indicates that the maternal immune system may tolerate fetal antigens by suppressing cell-mediated immunity while retaining normal humoral immunity. (cdc.gov)

CD3ε is expressed on 70-80% of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes and 60-85% of thymocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)

One of the most intriguing puzzles in modern immunology involves the "paradox of pregnancy," in which immunologic tolerance to paternally derived fetal antigens is achieved despite an apparently adequate maternal defense against infection. (cdc.gov)

Cross-reaction was found between S. equina antigens and antibodies in the sera of Wuchereria bancrofti-infected patients, with the highest levels observed between sera of chronic infected patients and Setaria spp. (who.int)

In 1971, hepatitis B surface antigen testing heralded the advent of screening to minimize infection transmission complicating allogeneic transfusion. (medscape.com)
crude female worm surface antigen (CFSWA). (who.int)

T8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions. (bvsalud.org)

This is in part because the gut is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, containing the majority of lymphocytes and producing large amounts of immunoglobulin (Ig). (medscape.com)

3 Autologous lymphocytes genetically modified with the TCR for MART-1/Melan-A have been adoptively transferred to patients with advanced melanoma. (haematologica.org)

cutaneous exposure to antigen in atopic dermatitis may enhance the development of asthma. (cdc.gov)

Tumor microenvironment possesses complexity because of a mixture of growth-promoting and inhibiting growth factors, nutrients, chemokines, and other noncancer types, which interact with each other and associate with tumor growth, disease progression, drug resistance, and especially, infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor growth [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Immunologic tolerance is a state of immune unresponsiveness specific to a particular antigen or set of antigens induced by previous exposure to that antigen or set. (medscape.com)

Their true function is to serve as restriction elements by presenting peptidic antigens for recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in MHC restricted responses. (gla.ac.uk)

The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)
Adaptive immune system -recently evolved system of immune responses mediated by T and B lymphocytes. (mhmedical.com)

Indeed, recent work shows that one of the ways that smoking can affect the immune system, and probably contribute to many of the diseases associated with tobacco use, is by nicotine "enforcing" negative regulation - that is, it prevents T lymphocytes from responding to foreign invaders - through the action of this NFATc2 protein. (modianolab.org)

Although a limited number of immunodominant peptide epitopes are consistently observed in diseases such as HIV-1 infection, the relationship between immunodominance and antigen processing in humans is largely unknown. (jci.org)
In the presence of active S. equina infection, antigens from the adult and microfilaraemic stages showed the highest degree of cross-reaction with human sera. (who.int)

The specific antigen that triggers lichen planus is unknown, although it may be a self-peptide (or altered self-peptide), in which case lichen planus would be a true autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
Their tumoricidal activity is termed natural because it is not induced by a specific antigen. (msdmanuals.com)

1997. The Leucocyte Antigen Facts Book. (biolegend.com)

The QFT-Plus has two distinct TB antigen tubes: TB Antigen Tube 1 (TB1) and TB Antigen Tube 2 (TB2). (cdc.gov)

Briggs, M. Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis. (eurekaselect.com)

Цитокіни The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)

B lymphocytes play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease as well as transplant rejection. (nationaljewish.org)

The identification of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) has greatly advanced our understanding of how adjuvants work beyond the simple concept of extended antigen release and has accelerated the development of novel adjuvants. (mdpi.com)

Single amino acid substitutions were introduced to the CAP1 peptide (YLSGANLNL), an immunogenic HLA-A2 + -binding peptide derived from human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). (aacrjournals.org)

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