Antigen proteins structural clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The specificity of T-cells is determined by the T-cell receptor (TCR), a heterodimer of alpha and beta protein chains. (elifesciences.org)
The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA using baculovirus expressed 3AB protein as the antigen were 62.4% and 86.8-91.7%, respectively. (ncl.edu.tw)
The sensitivity and specificity of the double-sandwich blocking ELISA using E. coli expressed 3AB protein as the antigen were 94% and 98-100%, respectively. (ncl.edu.tw)
We take advantage of the microplate reading ability to look at antibody specificity and sensitivity for both cell surface and intracellular antigens. (emdmillipore.com)
T-cell clones were then tested for specificity with amoxicillin, unmodified- and amoxicillin-modified peptides, and structural variants. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Humans possess a repertoire of some 20 million T cell clones with varying specificity to counter the multitude of infectious agents that exist. (chemeurope.com)
To bind a specific antigen with high specificity and affinity, antibodies form a complementary shape to the prospective surface patch of the antigen using complementarity determining regions (CDRs). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Specificity Comments: SOX2 is required for stem cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and it also regulates gene expression in the stomach. (thermofisher.com)

The antibodies induced by one protein variant were shown to be qualitatively similar to responses induced by other vaccine platforms. (nature.com)
Progress in this arena, however, is being made with a new generation of merozoite antigen targets identified in recent years that exhibit relatively low levels of polymorphism and against which functional neutralizing antibodies can be raised by vaccination. (nature.com)
Anti-merozoite vaccine studies have long relied on the standardized in vitro assay of growth inhibition activity (GIA) 12 , whereby purified IgG antibodies are tested against parasites cultured in human red blood cells (RBC) in the absence of other cell types. (nature.com)
COS cells transfected with the CD6 clone express a 90-kD protein that reacts with all available anti-CD6 monoclonal antibodies. (embl.de)
Monoclonal antibodies to the FLAG epitope served to monitor cell surface expression for functional analysis of the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. (usda.gov)
To mimic the evolutionary process by which protein networks develop, we adopted the basic mechanism by which antibodies are produced against antigens. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
During quick B-cell proliferation, random mutations are launched into the immunoglobulin sequences, and clones that communicate antibodies with high affinities are preferentially selected. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Western blot analysis of the recombinant fusion protein with anti-Niv antibodies produced a band of approximately 62 kDa. (upm.edu.my)
Instead, paired serum samples from patients, who suffered from a laboratory confirmed H1N1pdm09 infection, showed high levels or diagnostic rises (96%) in H1N1pdm virus NS1-specific antibodies and very high cross-reactivity to H3N2 subtype influenza A virus NS1 protein. (plos.org)
These three crystals structures 1) identify the conformational CD40 epitope for ABBV-323 recognition 2) illustrate conformational changes which occur in the CDRs of ABBV-323 Fab upon CD40 binding and 3) develop a structural hypothesis for an agonist/antagonist switch in the LCDR1 of this proprietary class of CD40 antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
Recombinant antibodies selected against subcellular fractions to track endogenous protein dynamics in vivo: C. Nizak, et al. (chunyangtech.com)
Antibodies The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)
Biosensors with different ligands that bind antibodies, proteins and small molecules such as streptavidin, human Fc, mouse Fc, protein A, anti-his, and Ni-NTA are routinely used. (technologynetworks.com)
RABV G is responsible for binding to neurospecific receptors such as the acetylcholine receptor and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) for invasion into the nervous system (4 5 Moreover RABV G is the only protein capable of inducing virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) that are protecting against rabies (6 -8). (biospraysehatalami.com)

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (rndsystems.com)

furthermore, proteins are digested into peptides for MHC class I antigen presentation. (wikipedia.org)
Anti-PvTRAMP antisera was obtained by inoculating rabbits with PvTRAMP B cell epitopes produced as synthetic peptides in order to assess its recognition in parasite lysates by Western blot and in intact parasites by indirect immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aimed to (1) investigate whether amoxicillin-modified HLA-DRB1*15:01-DQB1*06:02 binding peptides selectively activate DILI patient T cells and (2) define the nature of the T-cell response with respective to antigen structure. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The amoxicillin-modified peptides were characterized by mass spectrometry prior to culturing with patient peripheral blood mononuclear cell. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The T cells response was HLA class II restricted and the amoxicillin-modified peptides bound selectively to HLA-DRB1*15:01 and/or DQB1*06:02. (liverpool.ac.uk)
To conclude, we show that amoxicillin-modified peptides bind to both components of the risk haplotype to stimulate DILI patient T cells and describe the importance of the position of nucleophilic lysine residue in the HLA binding peptide sequence. (liverpool.ac.uk)
This information consists of peptides, fragments of the protein foreign to the body. (chemeurope.com)

The extracellular domain of CD6 is significantly related to the extracellular domain of the human and mouse T cell antigen CD5, the cysteine-rich domain of the bovine and mouse type I macrophage scavenger receptor, the extracellular domain of the sea urchin spermatozoa protein that crosslinks the egg peptide speract, the mammalian complement factor 1, and the human lung tumor antigen L3. (embl.de)
This protein-protein association was in part enabled by the receptor's long and flexible structural fold containing 3 tandem cysteine-rich domains (CRDs). (biomedcentral.com)

Statistical and machine-learning based analyses demonstrated that the MAGE-A3-Mp4 epitope-specific CD8+ T cell clones were mostly in effector and proliferating state. (thno.org)
Furthermore, cKap satisfies the therapeutic criteria of being able to trigger ADCC MMusing human peripheral blood-derived effector cells. (slideserve.com)
Recently, programmed death-1 (PD-1) with its ligands, programmed death ligand B7H1 (PD-L1) and B7DC (PD-L2), was found to regulate T-cell activation and tolerance, upon ligand binding, inhibiting T-cell effector functions in an antigen-specific manner. (novoprolabs.com)
Cell-cell interactions between antigen presenting cells and T cells provide bidirectional signaling that is critical for the activation, maturation, and effector function of both cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) include complement and complement receptors. (medscape.com)

The Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) has recently emerged as a leading candidate antigen against the blood-stage human malaria parasite. (nature.com)

GII.12 norovirus viral protein (VP) 1 cartoon depicting amino acid similarities and locations between 2009-10 GII.12 strains and pre-2009 GII.12 strains. (cdc.gov)
Non-structural proteins (NSP) are produced during viral replication. (ncl.edu.tw)
The inactivated vaccines consist of purified viral particle without or with only minor contaminants of NSP and thus induce antibody mainly against structural proteins of virus. (ncl.edu.tw)
CDC's new flavivirus VLPs have structural proteins as the basis to form the viral particles. (nih.gov)
A chicken gene that produces a protein important for viral disease resistance was obtained and its DNA sequence was determined. (usda.gov)
One of these structural changes altered the protein so that it could no longer function for viral resistance. (usda.gov)
The other structural change allowed normal viral resistance to occur but affected the shape of the protein on the surface of cells. (usda.gov)
These studies aid in understanding how genes determining cell surface proteins can affect interactions between cells and confer viral disease resistance. (usda.gov)
The nucleocapsid (N)protein of Nipah virus (NiV) is a major constituent of the viral proteins which play a role in encapsidation, regulating the transcription and replication of the viral genome. (upm.edu.my)
Rarely, transient plasma cell disorders occur in patients with drug hypersensitivity (eg, sulfonamides, phenytoin , penicillin), with presumed viral infections, and after heart or transplant surgery. (msdmanuals.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells taking part in a key part in the adaptive immune responses to viral infections. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Among these RABV G is the only viral protein that is glycosylated and revealed on the surface of the virion (3). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Most likely it is the viral innovator RNA that triggers IFN production in the infected cells (30). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Unlike previous vaccines an mRNA vaccine is a new type of vaccine that inserts fragments of viral mRNA into human cells, which are reprogrammed to produce pathogen antigens, which then if all goes well, stimulate an adaptive immune response against the targeted pathogen. (rodefshalom613.org)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)

The resulting diverse naïve repertoire contains T-cell clones that recognize epitopes of yet unseen pathogens, and can participate in the immune response to infection or vaccination. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
A cohort of HLA-A2+ NSCLC donors demonstrated that the number of epitope specific CD8+ T cells increased in NSCLC than healthy controls when measured with tetramer derived from the candidate MAGE-A3 epitopes, especially epitope Mp4 (MAGE-A3: 160-169, LVFGIELMEV). (thno.org)
CDC has identified and characterized distinct flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes (specific pieces of the antigen to which an antibody binds) that can improve serodiagnosis and vaccination against flaviviruses. (nih.gov)
Functional analysis employing site directed mutagenesis identified BF amino acid residues forming serologic epitopes as well as residues important in antigen presentation to ALV induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (usda.gov)

This work identified candidate TCRs potentially suitable for TCR-T design targeting HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor antigen. (thno.org)

The diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response to infections. (elifesciences.org)
Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
Cloning of a novel bacteria-binding receptor structurally related to scavenger receptors and expressed in a subset of macrophages. (embl.de)
Macrophage scavenger receptors are integral membrane proteins whose ability to bind and degrade modified LDL has implicated them in the process of atherosclerotic foam cell formation. (embl.de)
The Ly-49 family of NK-cell receptors are disulfide-linked type-II transmembrane protein homodimers with extracellular carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD) that bind to MHC class I alloantigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
Partial or complete deficiencies of the components of the complement system, including its receptors and regulatory proteins, are now described in humans and may be of a genetic or familial origin or acquired. (medscape.com)
Defects in the expression of complement or complement receptors may result in loss of tolerance to self-proteins and the development of immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)
Because of their high numbers, red blood cells express an average of 90% of the CR1 receptors despite their having a lower number of antigenic sites per cell. (medscape.com)
Among healthy individuals, the number of CR1 receptors on the red blood cells varies widely, yet the phenotypic expression, regulated by 2 codominant alleles, is stable. (medscape.com)

Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding bovine and human lactoperoxidase. (rusmedserv.com)
Sakamaki K, Tomonaga M, Tsukui K, Nagata S. Molecular cloning and characterization of a chromosomal gene for human eosinophil peroxidase. (rusmedserv.com)
Plasmids purified from genomic DNA, proteins, ribosomes, and the bacterial cell wall are used in molecular biology research. (sigmaaldrich.com)
2Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia JJN3 MMk cells (IgAk) were incubated with mKap or cKap alone or in the presence of competing free kappa light chains (kBJP). (slideserve.com)
The molecular barcode is "processed" or assembled in the cell - in the endoplasmic reticulum, to be exact. (chemeurope.com)
1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)

Human Flt-3 cDNA encodes a 993 amino acid (aa) residue type I membrane protein with a 26 aa residue signal peptide, a 515 aa extracellular domain with 10 potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a 21 aa residue transmembrane domain and a 431 aa residue cytoplasmic domain. (rndsystems.com)
The pvtramp gene was amplified from cDNA of P. vivax schizont stages, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization of cDNA clones for human myeloperoxidase: predicted amino acid sequence and evidence for multiple mRNA species. (rusmedserv.com)
Cloning and sequence analysis of the human salivary peroxidase-encoding cDNA. (rusmedserv.com)
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for porcine thyroid peroxidase. (rusmedserv.com)
Derwahl M, Seto P, Rapoport B. Complete nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for thyroid peroxidase in FRTL5 rat thyroid cells. (rusmedserv.com)
The isolation, characterization, and expression of a full-length cDNA encoding the human T cell glycoprotein CD6 is described. (embl.de)
To investigate the physical structure of the chicken class I glycoprotein we have cloned the cDNA representing the BFIV locus of the B21 haplotype. (usda.gov)

Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADRM1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Recent evidences on proteasome complex structure confirmed that the protein encoded by gene ADRM1, also known in yeast as 26S Proteasome regulatory subunit Rpn13 (systematic nomenclature for proteasome subunits), is a subunit of 19S proteasome complex. (wikipedia.org)
The human PSMD4 gene has 10 exons and locates at chromosome band 20q13.33.The human protein Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 is 42 kDa in size and composed of 407 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is an integral plasma membrane protein which promotes cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by gamma interferon in some cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. (wikipedia.org)
Thyroperoxidase, an auto-antigen with a mosaic structure made of nuclear and mitochondrial gene molecules. (rusmedserv.com)
Some VLP-expressed clones to date have stayed in continuous culture and maintained VLP expression level for a year without sign of gene expression deterioration. (nih.gov)
The current approaches to develop novel protein relationships are based on gene duplication and gene changes [1]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
SOX2 is an intronless gene encoding a member of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate. (thermofisher.com)
Mutations in the SOX2 gene have been associated with bilateral anophthalmia, a severe form of structural eye malformation, optic nerve hypoplasia and syndromic microphthalmia. (thermofisher.com)
To investigate the use of a fusion system to aid the purification of the recombinant N protein for structural studies and potential use a diagnostic reagent, the NiV n gene was cloned into the pFastBacHT vector and and his tagged fusion protian was expressed in Sf9 insect cells by recombinant baculovirus. (upm.edu.my)
The Von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL ) tumour suppressor gene undergoes bi-allelic knockout in the vast majority of clear cell RCCs. (springer.com)
The gene exists in the regulon of M1 strains, the M57 strains have a very homologous proteins, CRS, situated in the genome somewhere else, and a gene with incomplete homology to (distantly linked to suggested to become nephritogenic. (greatlakeshighereducationnow.com)

Structural analysis of free and liganded forms of the Fab fragment of a high-affinity anti-cocaine antibody, h2E2. (uc.edu)
However, even though scaffolds constructed in these studies have shown affinity to numerous focuses on, the selection of different protein frameworks specific to a predetermined target surface patch has not been successful except in a recent study that developed protein binders for influenza hemagglutinin [20]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
When animals are exposed to an antigen, B cells that express a low-affinity surface immunoglobulin are selected. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
This scFv was selected by affinity selection on antigen in a process termed panning. (chunyangtech.com)
CD14 is a human high affinity cell-surface receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS-endotoxin) and serum LPS-binding protein (LPB). (conferencedequebec.org)
Affinity measurements screen different isolates of an antibody to identify those that are most effective at binding antigen. (technologynetworks.com)

Role of intracellular trafficking of thyroperoxidase and involvement generated at the apical surface of thyroid cells in covalent heme binding. (rusmedserv.com)
Although intracellular signal transduction is often portrayed as a protein kinase 'domino effect', the counterbalancing function of phosphatases, and thus the control of phosphatase activity, is equally relevant to proper regulation of cellular function. (ac.be)
Thus, HERA is a novel cellular assay that can be used to predict how FcRn-binding proteins are rescued from intracellular degradation. (nature.com)
This intracellular cylindrical filamentous structure is present in almost all eukaryotic cells. (chunyangtech.com)
Microtubules function as structural and mobile elements in mitosis, intracellular transport, flagellar movement, and the cytoskeleton. (chunyangtech.com)
2007). These proteins are important for the regulation of intracellular pH (pH i ) and play crucial roles in the epithelial absorption of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the renal proximal tubule) and secretion of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the pancreatic duct). (tcdb.org)
Plasmalemmal Cl - -HCO3 - exchangers regulate intracellular pH and [Cl - ] and cell volume. (tcdb.org)

Amoxicillin forms protein adducts that are postulated to activate T cells, by conjugating with lysine residues. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The cytoplasmic domain of CD6 contains two serine residues, one or both of which are substrates for phosphorylation during T cell activation. (embl.de)
BF residues 78 and 81 (HLA 79 and 82) form an antibody epitope with a slight effect on ALV antigen presentation, consistent with their predicted orientation based on the HLA-A2 crystal structure. (usda.gov)
The cytoplamsic tail of PD-1 contains two structural motifs, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) formed by two tyrosine residues which make the difference in PD-1 signal mediating. (novoprolabs.com)
The animal AE proteins consist of homodimeric complexes of integral membrane proteins that vary in size from about 900 amino acyl residues to about 1250 residues. (tcdb.org)

In this study, the 3A and 3AB genes of O/TWN/97 were cloned using pREST, pET43 and pBlueBacHis2 plasmids. (ncl.edu.tw)
Genes adjacent to pvtramp were identified in silico to determine the degree of similarity between the protein sequences encoded by equivalent chromosomic fragments in P. falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi . (biomedcentral.com)

The Flt-3 ( fms- like tyrosine kinase) receptor, also named Flk-2 (fetal liver kinase) and Stk-1(stem cell tyrosine kinase) is a member of the class III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that also includes KIT, the receptor for SCF and FMS, the receptor for M-CSF. (rndsystems.com)
Based on primary sequence comparisons, β subunits are predicted to be modular structures composed of five domains (A-E) that are related to the large family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase proteins. (jneurosci.org)
AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (tcdb.org)
Belongs to the tyr protein kinase family. (lu.se)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

PSGL-1 has been shown to be a transmembrane protein which forms homodimers via disulfide bridges of two 120 kDa chains. (biovendor.com)
PD-1 belongs to type I transmembrane protein and acts as an important immunosuppressive molecule. (novoprolabs.com)
CD40 is a 48 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is constitutively expressed on hematopoietic cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
CD40 is a 48 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is expressed on a wide range of hematopoietic (B cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells) and non-hematopoietic (activated epithelium, endothelium) cells. (biomedcentral.com)

However it has proved challenging to identify a heterologous expression platform that can produce a soluble protein-based vaccine in a manner compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP). (nature.com)
The metastic potential of the majority of cells which bind to Pselectin is however in close correlation with the functional expression of PSGL-1 on these cells. (biovendor.com)
The 3A and 3AB proteins were expressed in the E. coli and baculovirus expression systems. (ncl.edu.tw)
Human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) isoforms, and TPO-2: analysis of protein expression in Graves' tissue. (rusmedserv.com)
The results suggest that the novel protein is a macrophage-specific membrane receptor with a role in host defense, as it shows postnatal expression in macrophages, which are considered responsible for the binding of bacterial antigens and phagocytosis. (embl.de)
Protein Expression and Refolding, Protein Engineering. (uc.edu)
Two-color analysis of the expression of Ly-49C/I on splenic NK cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
The proportion of NK T cells expressing Ly-49C/I is higher (2-5 fold) in thymus than in liver (immature and mature NK T cells, respectively), and there is evidence that the down-regulation of Ly-49 receptor expression is necessary for normal NK T-cell development. (bdbiosciences.com)
Ca 2+ channel β subunits regulate cell-surface expression and gating of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel α1 subunits. (jneurosci.org)
An essential function of SOX2 is to stabilize embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent state by maintaining the requisite level of Oct 3/4 expression. (thermofisher.com)
Its ligand, CD154 or CD40L, has a more restricted expression pattern and is found primarily on activated T cells, B cells, and platelets. (biomedcentral.com)
Much of our understanding of CD40/CD40L biology comes from the interaction between antigen presenting cells [CD40 expression on either dendritic cells (DC) or B cells] and CD40L-expressing T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, elementary bacteria's composition varies even in the same specie, under different cultural media and conditions, causing different sets of protein expression and others important specific compounds for immune responses (2). (scielo.br)

DNMT3A is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation and somatic DNMT3A mutations are frequent in hematologic malignancies and clonal hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)

FAK's ability to bind numerous structural and signaling proteins via a variety of interactions is important for FAK activation level, and for FAK interaction with a variety of substrates localized to sites of cell adhesion. (fishersci.com)
One potential software of these tailor-made protein interactions is the development of therapeutic providers against specific protein targets. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Introduction Protein interaction networks develop over time to produce new protein interactions, which results in the dynamic rewiring of links among pre-existing nodes [1]C[3]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
This procedure designs novel protein interactions by selecting human protein scaffolds with designs that match a predetermined surface patch on a target protein (Number 1C). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Although the C-terminal domain comprises a small percentage of the total protein, this domain in some cases (i) has PSD-95/Discs Large/ZO-1-binding motifs that may be important for protein-protein interactions (e.g. (tcdb.org)

Evidence showed that ubiquitination of Rpn13 subunit can significantly reduced the proteasome's ability to bind and degrade ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. (wikipedia.org)

In plasma cell disorders, disproportionate proliferation of one clone in the bone marrow results in a corresponding increase in the serum level of its product, the monoclonal immunoglobulin protein (M-protein). (msdmanuals.com)
Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

RNA codons and protein synthesis. (crossref.org)
We provide a diverse portfolio of premium products to aid in your research, from tools and kits to isolate and purify total RNA to cells and enzymes that accelerate the synthesis of mRNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins. (rodefshalom613.org)
This process requires a transient intermediary called messenger RNA that carries the genetic information to the cell machinery responsible for protein synthesis. (rodefshalom613.org)

Researchers introduced an optimized plasmid to form the virus-like particles (VLPs) or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) into the cells and selected stably expressing cell populations for use to produce diagnostic antigens or immunogens for human and animal flavivirus vaccines. (nih.gov)
DH5-α cells had been transformed using the ensuing plasmid and streaked onto LB agar plates supplemented with ampicillin. (conferencedequebec.org)
Proteins Appearance and Purification The pET31-plasmid was utilized to transform Rosetta2(DE3) cells (Novagen). (conferencedequebec.org)
The pQE30 constructs had been changed into BL21 cells harboring the pREP4 repressor plasmid (Qiagen). (greatlakeshighereducationnow.com)

Studies utilizing cloned native and mutant forms of the scavenger receptor have provided insights into the structural basis for their function. (embl.de)
The Ly-49 family members are expressed independently, such that an individual NK or T cell may display more than one class of Ly-49 receptor homodimers. (bdbiosciences.com)
We have applied this method to the development of proteins that bind epidermal growth element receptor (EGFR) website II. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
TRAIL, also called Apo2L, is a cytotoxic protein that induces apoptosis of many transformed cell lines but not of normal tissues, even though its death domain-containing receptor, DR4, is expressed on both cell types. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Proteins that do not bind the receptor are directed to lysosomal degradation. (nature.com)
Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)
CR1 and CR2 have been shown to influence the immune environment in a B-cell receptor-independent manner. (medscape.com)

For the base, CDC researchers adapted human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells, which are FDA-approved for use in producing biologics, in a serum-free and animal protein-free culture media, then propagated these as suspension cells. (nih.gov)
Module A contained serum samples spiked with cultured dengue virus (DENV) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) for the detection of nucleic acid and DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen. (who.int)
The major antibody class found in the blood, IgG, has a remarkable persistence, with a serum half-life of 20-23 days, compared with only hours or a few days for other circulating proteins 5 . (nature.com)
Plasma cell disorders may be suspected because of clinical manifestations, most often bone disease, renal failure, and low blood counts, or an incidental finding of elevated serum protein or proteinuria that leads to further evaluation with serum or urine protein electrophoresis. (msdmanuals.com)
Electrophoresis often detects an M-protein and/or elevated serum free light chains. (msdmanuals.com)

In this second defence reaction, specialised cytotoxic T lymphocytes known as killer T cells destroy cells in the body that have been infected and thus prevent damage from spreading. (chemeurope.com)

We offer tools for genomics analysis, protein analysis, and antibody screening techniques to provide a comprehensive approach to antigen discovery. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The most relevant articles summarising existing knowledge on RCC genomics, including tumour cell evolution and progression, were selected for this review. (springer.com)

In addition, CD40+ monocytes, dendritic cells, and B cells are enriched at sites of chronic inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
It is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd that has 4 allotypic forms on myeloid cells (eg, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), lymphoid cells (mostly B cells), follicular dendritic cells, and glomerular podocytes. (medscape.com)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
2 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a very abundant - it accounts for as much as 1% of total cellular proteins - ubiquitous and remarkably conserved enzyme. (ac.be)
CMI) , cellular i. immune responses that are initiated by an antigen-presenting cell interacting with and mediated by T lymphocytes ( e.g., graft rejection, delayed-type hypersensitivity). (theodora.com)
They are single-chain molecules present on host cellular membranes and belong to the complement control protein family. (medscape.com)

This work identifies Drosophila S2 cells as a clinically-relevant platform suited for the production of 'difficult-to-make' proteins from Plasmodium parasites, and identifies a PfRH5 sequence variant that can be used for clinical production of a non-glycosylated, soluble full-length protein vaccine immunogen. (nature.com)
Despite its epidemiological importance, few antigens from this parasite species have been characterized to date compared to Plasmodium falciparum , due in part to the difficulties of maintaining an in vitro culture of P. vivax . (biomedcentral.com)

Mouse Flt-3 has also been cloned and shown to share 85% amino acid sequence identity with human Flt-3. (rndsystems.com)
The PfTRAMP homologue in P. vivax , here denoted as PvTRAMP, is a 340-amino-acid long antigen encoded by a single exon that could have a potential role in cytoadherence, as indicated by the presence of a thrombospondin structural homology repeat (TSR) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
The antigen corresponds to amino acid range 1-50 of the target protein. (thermofisher.com)

The development of an effective vaccine against the merozoite has proved exceptionally challenging, hindered by substantial levels of polymorphism in the most widely studied candidate antigens 4 and redundant erythrocyte invasion pathways 5 . (nature.com)
This study describes the identification of the P. falciparum thrombospondin-related apical merozoite protein homologue in P. vivax (PvTRAMP) and examines its potential to be further evaluated as vaccine candidate. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification of a specific target antigen is a crucial step in mRNA vaccine development. (sigmaaldrich.com)
For in vitro delivery of mRNA for applications such as stem cell induction, protein replacement, cancer immunotherapies, or vaccine modalities, synthetic mRNA has become a critical tool in diverse biopharmaceutical approaches. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The analysis was based on the presence or absence of antibody response against non-structural protein 1 (NS1) from H1N1pdm09 virus, which was not a component of Pandemrix vaccine. (plos.org)

Once encountering infectious antigens DCs begin to mature and shed their ability to take up antigens (26 27 During their maturation DCs undergo significant phenotypic changes by upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and costimulatory molecules such as CD40 CD80 and CD86 (28). (biospraysehatalami.com)

For example, cell adhesion to a fibronectin substratum involves concurrent activation of Src and phosphorylation of the FAK activation loop. (fishersci.com)
Thus, FAK activity is regulated by a complex set of phosphorylation sites, and thisphospho-regulation could be important for cell motility, cell growth, cytoskeletal organization, and adhesion-dependent cell survival. (fishersci.com)
1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)
4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
Phosphorylation of various TRAF proteins results in activation of both canonical and non-canonical NF-kB pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

The mucin-like glycoprotein PSGL-1 (P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1) has been cloned and sequenced. (biovendor.com)
The lymphocyte glycoprotein CD6 contains a repeated domain structure characteristic of a new family of cell surface and secreted proteins. (embl.de)
The chimeric class I glycoprotein was expressed in target cells using an ALV derived retrovirus vector (RCASBP). (usda.gov)
In contrast, a site directed substitution in residue 34 dramatically alters ALV antigen presentation by the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. (usda.gov)

He subsequently studied protein chemistry at the National Institutes of Health, before returning to Boston Children's in 1972 for fellowship training in Hematology/Oncology. (dana-farber.org)
Members of the laboratory first cloned red cell ankyrin or Ank1 and subsequently cloned and characterized Ank3, the major nonerythroid ankyrin. (dana-farber.org)
Single crystals of FdtD were subsequently produced via vapor diffusion against 100 BMS-863233 (XL-413) mM HEPPS (pH 8.0) 7 ?12% poly(ethylene glycol) 8000 and 100 mM MgCl2 using protein that had been incubated with 10 mM dTDP and 10 mM CoA. (conferencedequebec.org)
The amplified items obtained using the SIC, DRS, and CRS primers had been subsequently cloned in to the pBAD-TOPO-TA (thiofusion) appearance program (Invitrogen, Australia), as the amplified Ska1 and SpeB items had been cloned in to the pQE30 vector (Qiagen) upstream from the His6 label. (greatlakeshighereducationnow.com)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are critical vehicles for mRNA delivery - encapsulating and conveying mRNA safely to cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)

We have developed a strategy using protein docking simulation that imitates this process of antibody generation to select human being protein scaffolds with complementary designs (Number 1B). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)

Recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) strains, Lc-pPG-612-OmpU and Lc-pPG-612-OmpU-CTB (surface-displayed), were constructed using a L. casei strain (ATCC 393) as an antigen delivery carrier and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as an adjuvant. (bvsalud.org)
No visual changes in the protein profiles of these strains were observed regardless of the media composition used, although the polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms showed minor differences do exist when densitometer traces of the gel are compared. (scielo.br)
The MG S6(208) and F-K810 strains were cloned three times as suggested by Tully, 1983 (10) and confirmed by PCR(8). (scielo.br)
The activated cultures of the cloned strains were inoculated in 100 ml of modified Hayflick's or Frey's media. (scielo.br)

Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a widely expressed family of protein phosphatases made of a core dimer, composed of a catalytic (C) subunit and a structural (A) subunit, in association with a third variable regulatory (B) subunit. (ac.be)

Cloning, appearance, and purification of recombinant protein. (greatlakeshighereducationnow.com)

Immature DCs reside in almost all peripheral cells as sentinels of the immune system. (biospraysehatalami.com)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were then established using the purified 3A and 3AB antigens. (ncl.edu.tw)
Ten of 15 (66.7%) laboratories performing NS1 antigen assays obtained the correct results. (who.int)

Here we show that the murine antibody, mKap, binds specifically to a range of kappa-type multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and mediates in vivo anti-tumor activity in a SCID mouse human myeloma xenograft model. (slideserve.com)

Other DD-containing proteins, such as ankyrin, MyD88 and pelle, are probably not directly involved in cell death signalling. (embl-heidelberg.de)

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)

Engagement of CD40 by CD40L expressed on T cells results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, induces T helper cell function, and promotes macrophage activation. (biomedcentral.com)

B19 is the primary etiologic agent causing TAC in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias (e.g., sickle cell disease, hemoglobin SC disease, hereditary spherocytosis, alpha-thalassemia, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia) (22,23). (cdc.gov)
INTRODUCTION: Although most patients with rare diseases like sickle cell disease (SCD) are treated in the primary care setting, primary care physicians may find it challenging to keep abreast of medication improvements and complications associated with treatment for rare and complex diseases. (cdc.gov)

Measured by its ability to inhibit Flt-3 Ligand-induced proliferation of BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with Flt-3. (rndsystems.com)

However, with the exception of idiotype, few antigen targets have been identified that would facilitate specific immunotherapy of MM. We have previously described a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conformation-dependent epitope on free human kappa light chains and a cell surface antigen, KMA, expressed on kappa MM (MM) plasma cells 1,2. (slideserve.com)
The following product was used in this experiment: SOX2 (Embryonic Stem Cell Marker) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (SOX2/4267R) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 6657-RBM7-P1. (thermofisher.com)

Lselectin is constitutively expressed on neutrophils, P-selectin is found on platelets and is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies from where it is transported to the cell surface upon endothelial activation. (biovendor.com)
The cleavage of the protein from the cell surface is one mechanism involved in the deactivation process. (biovendor.com)
Matter foreign to the body is presented on the surface of these cells as antigens that act as a kind of road sign. (chemeurope.com)
During the loading process, an MHC I-peptide epitope complex thus forms, and this is the road sign that is then transported to the surface of the cell and presented in a readily accessible form to the killer T cells - we could almost say that it is handed to them on a silver platter. (chemeurope.com)
In the first step, a virtual testing of a human protein scaffold library is definitely carried out to determine a platform specific to the surface patch of interest. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Target specific-scaffolds with designs complementary to the surface patch of interest are selected from your scaffold library through protein docking simulations (top right). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
CD14 antigen has a strong presence on the surface of monocytes/macrophages, is weakly expressed on granulocytes, but not expressed by myeloid progenitor cells. (conferencedequebec.org)
when the monocytes become activated they release cytokines such as TNF, and up-regulate cell surface molecules including adhesion molecules.This clone is cross reactive with non-human primate. (conferencedequebec.org)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)

Also, measurements of nonspecific binding to compounds that are structurally related to the antigen of interest can help establish the likelihood of cross reactivity with other molecules that accompany the antigen. (technologynetworks.com)

According to the protein interaction and topological characteristics of this multisubunit complex, the 19S regulatory particle is composed of a base and a lid subcomplex. (wikipedia.org)
The death domain (DD) is a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The 19S regulatory particles can recognize ubiquitin-labeled protein as degradation substrate, unfold the protein to linear, open the gate of 20S core particle, and guide the substate into the proteolytic chamber. (wikipedia.org)
To recognize protein as designated substrate, 19S complex has subunits that are capable to recognize proteins with a special degradative tag, the ubiquitinylation. (wikipedia.org)
2001. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is an autoimmune sequela occurring within a minority of sufferers following an infection with with specific M types possess historically been connected with PSGN, and far research provides been conducted to recognize the nephritogenic antigens accountable. (greatlakeshighereducationnow.com)

whilst another promising immunogen has included conserved regions III-V of the erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 kDa (PfEBA-175) 10 . (nature.com)

Amoxicillin-modified KP-2 and KP-3 peptide-specific CD4+ clones proliferated and secreted interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-10, perforin and/or IL-17/IL-22 in a dose-dependent manner and displayed no cross-reactivity with amoxicillin, unmodified peptide or with positional derivatives. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The fully assembled peptide loading complex machinery of antigen processing is formed by the antigen transport complex TAP1/2, the chaperones calreticulin, ERp57, and tapasin, and the heterodimeric MHC I (heavy and light chain in teal and green). (chemeurope.com)

Thus, the local immunological milieu in tissue compartments forms the nature and magnitude of the host responses, i.e., frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) vs. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, extent of neutrophilia and antigen-presenting-cell (APC) activation, among others. (frontiersin.org)
Disruption of this signaling pathway has the potential to reduce production of proinflammatory cytokines, reduce T helper cell function, and inhibit macrophage activation, making it a very attractive therapeutic target for patients with chronic inflammatory disease [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Clear cell, papillary cell, and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have now been well characterised thanks to large collaborative projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). (springer.com)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid present in all living cells. (rodefshalom613.org)

Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay result showed that the recombinant N protein exhibited the antigenic sites and conformation necessary for specific antigen-antibody recognition. (upm.edu.my)

The encoded protein is thought to undergo O-linked glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
After encountering the appropriate antigen, some B cells undergo clonal proliferation into plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)

The predicted CD6 sequence is 468 amino acids long, with the typical features of a type I integral membrane protein. (embl.de)
Ankyrins link integral membrane proteins to the spectrin-based membrane skeleton. (dana-farber.org)
This indicates that AE1 and probably other integral membrane proteins have a 'lipid-anchoring' function. (dana-farber.org)

Estimating the fraction of the T-cell response directed against the single immunodominant epitope, we identify the sequence features of TCRs that define the high precursor frequency of the two major TCR motifs specific for this particular epitope. (elifesciences.org)
Human thyroid peroxidase: complete protein sequence, chromosome mapping, and identification two alternately spliced mRNAs. (rusmedserv.com)
It is composed of a series of four building blocks, whose sequence gives the instructions to fabricate proteins. (rodefshalom613.org)

Recombinant fragment of human SOX2 protein. (thermofisher.com)

Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
The protein concentration from each batch of washed cells was determined as described by Lowry et al . (scielo.br)

PSGL-1 is expressed on cells of myeloid, lymphoid and dendritic lineage. (biovendor.com)
After developing in the bone marrow, undifferentiated B cells enter peripheral lymphoid tissues, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and gut (eg, Peyer patches). (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms13

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs137

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care3

Specificity8

Antibodies14

Recombinant proteins1

Peptides7

Cysteine-rich2

Effector5

Candidate antigen1

Viral16

Epitopes6

Tumor antigen1

Receptors10

Molecular6

CDNA8

Gene14

Affinity6

Intracellular7

Residues5

Genes2

Kinase5

Transmembrane4

Expression13

Mutations1

Interactions5

Bind and degrade1

IMMUNOGLOBULIN2

Synthesis4

Plasmid4

Receptor7

Serum5

Cytotoxic1

Genomics2

Dendritic cells3

Cellular5

Plasmodium2

Amino acid3

Vaccine5

Infectious1

Phosphorylation5

Glycoprotein4

Subsequently4

MRNA1

Antibody generation1

Strains4

Subunit1

Purification1

IMMUNE SYSTEM1

Assays2

Binds1

Ankyrin1

ELISA1

Induces1

Sickle cell di2

Ligand1

Monoclonal Antibody2

Surface10

Structurally1

Interaction2

Recognize3

Immunogen1

Peptide2

Cytokines2

Genome1

Nucleic acid1

Antigenic sites1

Undergo2

Integral3

Sequence3

FRAGMENT1

Concentration2

Lymphoid2