Antigen presenting cells stimulate lymphocytes antigen presenting cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Likewise, they have the ability to activate the angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the main cell types involved in skin regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
In addition, it stimulates histamine secretion by mast cells, IgE and IgG production by lymphocytes, increases CD80 expression on antigen-presenting cells, and induces activation and proliferation of NK cells. (quanterix.com)
Since the immune response to antigen requires clonal proliferation, agents that block mitosis are effective inhibitors of the immune response. (nanomedicine.com)
In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Th0-lymphocytes synthesize IL-2, which stimulates proliferation of B-cells. (romj.org)
The protein is a pleiotropic cytokine produced primarily by antigen presenting cells and has multiple effects on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in terms of stimulating cytotoxicity, proliferation, production of other cytokines and Th1 subset differentiation. (biofargo.com)
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using PHA-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC). (biofargo.com)
Efficient stimulation and proliferation of antigen-specific T cells was also confirmed using ovalbumin peptide-loaded aAPCs and OT-I TCR transgenic cells. (ewha.ac.kr)
Workflows have been developed for the expansion of pathogen-specific CD4 or CD8 T cells expressing CD137, which can then be used in screens against pathogen protein libraries to identify those that specifically activate T cells (e.g. proliferation or cytokine secretion). (antigendiscovery.com)
Moreover, PMCs were able to stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22-cell differentiation by presenting tuberculosis-specific antigen. (atsjournals.org)
In particular, PMCs were able to function as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22-cell differentiation. (atsjournals.org)
Pleural mesothelial cells stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22 cell differentiation in response to tuberculosis antigen. (atsjournals.org)
As a first-in-class antigen presenting cell (APC) activator, efti binds to MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Class II molecules on APC leading to activation and proliferation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and monocytes. (kdvr.com)

The CD40 molecule has a central role in B-cell growth and differentiation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Adipose-derived MSCs, in particular, pose an attractive option for cell-based therapy due to their relatively decreased morbidity during isolation and potential for expansion and differentiation [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Multipotential differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cell lineages. (hindawi.com)
The lineage of dendritic cells is not fully characterized, although prior studies have shown that growth and differentiation are controlled by cytokines, particularly granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). (silverchair.com)
These results provide new evidence that dendritic cells represent a differentiation pathway distinct from lymphocytes and monocytes. (silverchair.com)
Activated effector and memory CD4+ T-cells provide help to B-cells to mount antibody responses, and help naive CD8+ T-cells to enhance their clonal expansion and differentiation into cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL). (biomedcentral.com)
Single cell suspensions of brain, blood and spleen from chimeric mice were phenotyped by monoclonal antibody staining specific for mouse or rat cellular differentiation markers at 2 week intervals. (elsevierpure.com)
Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, patients with reactive T cells exhibited poor T-cell differentiation and activity. (hindawi.com)
For example, Omenn syndrome, a typical case of impaired T-cell differentiation with abnormal self-reactive cells, is invariably characterized by autoimmune features such as generalized scaly exudative erythroderma, enlarged lymphoid tissues, and peripheral expansion of oligoclonal T-cells, in addition to increased susceptibility for severe infections [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Transcriptome analysis revealed that Th1/Th2 differentiation, NK cells, Th17 cell, complement system and calcium signaling pathways were down-regulated post-treatment of Pam3CSK4. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, cTfh cells but not other memory CD4 T cells, from severe patients better induce plasmablast differentiation and antibody production compared to cTfh cells from mild patients. (bvsalud.org)
However, differentiation and immune regulation of Th22 cells in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) remain unknown. (atsjournals.org)
The impacts of proinflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation by pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) on Th22-cell differentiation were explored. (atsjournals.org)
IL-1β, IL-6, and/or tumor necrosis factor-α promoted Th22-cell differentiation from CD4 + T cells. (atsjournals.org)
function of proliferative responses provoked in the induction cell products favor immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, phase of contact allergy, the murine local lymph node assay serving as growth and differentiation factors for mast cells and (LLNA), has been accepted as a stand-alone method for skin eosinophils, the cellular effectors of the clinical manifestations of sensitization testing (NIH, 1999). (cdc.gov)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)

We also explore the potential aetiologies of the lymphopenia associated with severe COVID-19: the virus' expanded tropism, elevated serum cytokines (particularly interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and excessive lymphocyte recruitment to the lungs. (ersjournals.com)
The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. (hindawi.com)
The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In experiments in non-inbred rats, it has been established that chronic intoxication of ethanol (30 days, total dose - 6.0 LD50) essentially reduces concentration of cytokines IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 in blood, increases concentration of IL-6, reduces an interrelation IFNγ/IL-4 in comparison with the control, suppresses of immune responses, which displays the greater lesion of Th1-cells in comparison with Th2-lymphosytes. (romj.org)
Besides, they secrete plenty of cytokines produced by Th1-, Th2-cells (and other cells), except for IL-12. (romj.org)
In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and IL-10 produced by Th0-, Th2-cells and macrophages reduces the synthesis of cytokines, Th1-lymphocytes [2-4]. (romj.org)
This activation leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12, IL-6, TNF-α) and the expression of costimulatory molecules on the cell surface. (jci.org)
This interaction is crucial to determine the isotype of Abs produced by B cells and the pattern of cytokines secreted by predominantly the T helper (Th) 2 cells such as Interleukin (IL)-4 [1]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro data have demonstrated that hormones could stimulate the individual cytokines level and the antibody production [11-14]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Les IgIV intéragissent avec de nombreux composants du système immunitaire comme les récepteurs Fc, le complément, les cytokines, les lymphocytes T et B, les cellules dendritiques, les granulocytes et les cellules NK, ce qui explique en partie leurs effets anti-inflammatoires. (academie-medecine.fr)
2 The interaction of IVIG with a large number of components of the immune system including Fc receptors, complement molecules, cytokines, B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, may explain at least in part their anti-inflammatory effects. (academie-medecine.fr)
Thus, blockade of activating FcγR inhibits binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes. (academie-medecine.fr)
In conditions such as like ITP that is autoantibody-mediated, IVIG Fc fragmentmediated competitive blockade of activating FcγR might inhibit: binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes [1, 12]. (academie-medecine.fr)
The overrepresentation of Th22 cells in TPE may be due to pleural cytokines and to PMC-produced chemokines. (atsjournals.org)
Our results suggest that the accumulation of Th22 cells in tuberculous pleural effusion may be due to the increased local proinflammatory cytokines and to pleural mesothelial cell-produced chemokines. (atsjournals.org)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
M1, "classically activated," pro-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma and by various microbial components (eg, lipopolysaccharide). (msdmanuals.com)
M2 "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated predominantly by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. (msdmanuals.com)

The adaptive immune system relies on the innate immune system using its antigen-presenting cells to activate B and T lymphocytes for specific antibodies, exemplified by low dendritic cell counts resulting in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). (wikipedia.org)
Cell kill indicates that the recipient has antibodies against the donor cells. (medscape.com)
To be effective, a vaccine should trigger efficient activation of antigen-presenting cells to initiate antigen processing and presentation to T-cells, as well as activation of T and B-cells (production of antibodies, generation of memory B-cells, memory CTL and memory CD4+ T-cells). (biomedcentral.com)
Several immune parameters can be measured to monitor the immune response, including antigen-specific and neutralizing antibodies, antigen-specific T-cell expansion, CTL activity and cytokine production. (biomedcentral.com)
There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)
Herein we used a single bicistronic lentiviral vector to develop a new combination immunotherapy that consists of human anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to secrete human anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies at the tumor site. (oncotarget.com)
These armed second-generation CAR T cells empowered to secrete human anti-PD-L1 antibodies in the ccRCC milieu to combat T cell exhaustion is an innovation in this field that should provide renewed potential for CAR T cell immunotherapy of solid tumors where limited efficacy is currently seen. (oncotarget.com)
FcRn expressed in endosomal compartment of intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium and macrophages regulates the serum IgG levels by binding to the pinocytosed antibodies and recirculating them to cell surface without intracellular degradation. (academie-medecine.fr)
However, virus-specific cTfh cell development is delayed in patients that display or later develop severe disease compared to those with mild disease, which correlates with delayed induction of high-avidity neutralizing antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
The cellular response is mainly a lymphocyte-mediated reaction, whereas the humoral response includes production of antibodies against the antigen by the plasma cells. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
The antibodies then specifically bind to only those particular antigens. (medscape.com)
Antibodies can be found on the surface of lymphocytes as an integral part of the cell membrane protein or can be freely circulating in the blood or be part of one of the body's gland secretion. (medscape.com)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)
Breast milk also contains other immunoglobulins, antibodies, oligosaccharides, lipids, bioactive peptides, among other components with unique mechanisms that besides the protection against these diseases, stimulate the development of infants' immune systems. (bvsalud.org)

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are a family of surface receptors on antigen-presenting cells that includes toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors and C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs). (wikipedia.org)
Understanding the dendritic cell lineage through a study of cytokine receptors. (silverchair.com)
To further elucidate the nature and control of the dendritic cell lineage, we have studied the expression of specific cytokine receptors. (silverchair.com)
In contrast, GM-CSF receptors were abundant on mature dendritic cells, with approximately 3,000 binding sites/cell with a single Kd of 500-1,000 pM. (silverchair.com)
Anti-type 1 IL-1 receptor (R) mAbs also visualized these receptors by flow cytometry on freshly isolated epidermal dendritic cells. (silverchair.com)
Together with recent findings on the effects of IL-1 and GM-CSF on epidermal dendritic cells in situ (see Results and Discussion), the data lead to a proposal whereby IL-1 signals IL-1R to upregulate GM-CSF receptors and thereby, the observed responsiveness of dendritic cells to GM-CSF for growth, viability, and function. (silverchair.com)
Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
RANTES signals through CCR1, CCR3 and CCR5 receptors and recruits T cells, macrophages, eosinophils and basophils to sites of inflammation. (quanterix.com)
Human T cell receptors (TCRs) are critical for mediating immune responses to pathogens and tumors and regulating self-antigen recognition. (bvsalud.org)
The constant region at the carboxyl-terminal end of the heavy chain, called the Fc region, binds to the Fc receptors of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and the natural killer (NK) cells. (medscape.com)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)

RANTES (Regulation on Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted) is a chemotactic cytokine (also known as CCL5), produced by macrophages, epithelial cells, platelets, megakaryoblasts, T lymphocytes and eosinophils. (quanterix.com)
Immunodominant peptides are produced by antigen processing, are expressed on the surface of macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells, and may be useful both in desensitizing people to allergens and in vaccine production. (tabers.com)
Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Whereas the danger model proposes non-silent cell death releasing intracellular contents and/or expressing unique signalling proteins to stimulate an immune response, the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) model theorizes that the immune system responds to exposed hydrophobic regions of biological molecules. (wikipedia.org)
This antibody also induces spleen B cells to express the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). (bdbiosciences.com)
MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
A peptide that readily crosses cell membranes and therefore can influence cellular functions or carry other molecules that can directly or indirectly perform the same tasks. (tabers.com)
Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
The adipocyte was reported as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) which expresses CD1d and MHC class I and II molecules. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, like other nucleated cells, adipocytes express MHC class I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
Human vascular endothelial cells (EC) 3 display both class I and class II MHC molecules and are directly recognized by CD8 + and CD4 + alloreactive T cells, respectively ( 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ). (aai.org)
Multi-epitopes adjuvanted with GLA-SE are captured and presented by MHC molecules on the APCs to T lymphocytes. (jci.org)
C ) Multi-epitope proteins with GLA-SE are captured by the Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and the peptides contained are presented by MHC molecules on the APCs to T lymphocytes in both a class I and a class II pathway. (jci.org)
MHC-II molecules drive the development, activation, and homeostasis of CD4 + T-helper cells. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, while the mainstay of the diagnosis of MHC-II deficiency is the absence of constitutive and inducible expression of MHC-II molecules on all cell types, other tests for T-cell function are less informative in such patients. (hindawi.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
As an evasion mechanism, many tumors are able to stimulate the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, resulting in an exhausted phenotype of T cells that cannot restrain tumor progression [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
To circumvent this problem, we have developed an artificial antigen presenting complex (aAPCs) using MHC class I molecules loaded with a melanoma-specific TRP-2 peptide epitope. (ewha.ac.kr)
Dendritic cells (DCs) that phagocytize these DAMPs activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ) pathway, which then promotes the expression of co-stimulatory CD80/86 molecules [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells that present antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and show co-stimulators stimulate T-cells and promote a systemic immune response [ 2 , 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The immune system is an inherent self-defense system consisting of cells that helps the body distinguish between self and non-self molecules. (medscape.com)
Antigens are the molecules that are recognized and stimulate the cells of immune system. (medscape.com)
These may be different molecules within the cells like proteins, polysaccharides, or nucleoproteins and may also be the whole cell, like a tumor cell or organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or agents containing genetic material such as nucleic acids or lipids. (medscape.com)
Variable region constitutes the antibody binding region of the molecule to the different antigens as it consists of about 110 amino acids that vary widely among the different antibody molecules. (medscape.com)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)

Because APCs are not antigen-specific, capable of processing self structures, Charles Janeway proposed the Infectious Non-self Model in 1989. (wikipedia.org)
First, we introduce adipocytes as APCs to participate in T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. (frontiersin.org)
However, generating sufficient numbers of tumor-specific CTLs stimulated with autologous antigen presenting cells (APCs) in vitro is one of the most problematic steps in the adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy. (ewha.ac.kr)
Our results show that TRP-2-specific CD8 + T cells elicited by immunization with recombinant adenovirus expressing the mini-gene epitope are efficiently stimulated and amplified in vitro to a greater extent by aAPCs than by natural splenic APCs. (ewha.ac.kr)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Flow cytometric estimation of the apoptotic marker CD95 in peripheral neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes was done for 18 infants with non-oedematous protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and 12 oedematous ones, on hospital admission and after supervised nutritional rehabilitation, and compared with 12 matched controls. (who.int)

Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
The field of Lymphocyte Surface Antigens and Activation Mechanisms is examined in two chapters. (scielo.br)
These cells expand in the periphery, causing tissue infiltration and damage due to breakdown of both central (e.g., autoimmune regulator, AIRE protein dysfunction) and peripheral (FOXP3 + deficiency) tolerance mechanisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
The expression of immune-related genes, spleen lymphocyte subsets and liver RNA-seq were employed to reveal possible molecular mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
One of the new emerging mechanisms associated with the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and other tumors is the immune checkpoint pathway, which consists of cellular interactions that prevent excessive activation of T cells under normal conditions. (oncotarget.com)
Although the aetiology of these disorders remains unknown, in this review we analyse the pathogenic mechanisms by cell of interest (fibroblast, fibrocyte, myofibroblast, endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells and immune competent cells). (ersjournals.com)
Although IL-22-producing helper T (Th22) cells have been reported to be involved in human tuberculosis, the mechanisms by which Th22 cells differentiate and are recruited into the pleural space are unknown. (atsjournals.org)
however, mechanisms through which these bioactive compounds act on epithelial cells have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)

It is produced by Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) a variety of cells, including monocytes and accounts for 90% of nephrosis in child- mesangial cells in the kidney [ 9 ]. (who.int)

Our constructs each included 5 of our best down-selected CD8+ T cell-eliciting epitopes, a universal CD4+ helper T lymphocyte epitope (PADRE), and a secretory signal, all arranged for optimal MHC-I presentation. (jci.org)
These multi-epitope vaccines increased memory CD8+ T cells that produced IFN-γ and protected mice against parasite burden when challenged with T. gondii. (jci.org)
The antigens discovered can be used in downstream applications such as single-cell phenotyping with multiparameter flow cytometry and epitope mapping. (antigendiscovery.com)

Later research showed that B cell activation is reliant on CD4+ T helper cells and a co-stimulatory signal from an antigen-presenting cell (APC). (wikipedia.org)
Similarly, 30-40% of the liver's T cells are Type I Natural Killer T (NTK) cells, providing Interleukin 4 (IL-4) for an organ-specific response of driving naïve CD4+ T cells to become Type 2 Helper T cells, as opposed to Type 1. (wikipedia.org)
They recognize alarmins, a category that includes both DAMPs and PAMPs, to process their antigenic regions for presentation to T helper cells. (wikipedia.org)
It is known that helper T-lymphocytes are heterogeneous and consist of Th0-, Th1-, Th2-, Th3-types [2]. (romj.org)
The production of these auto-Abs requires a preceding interaction between B and antigen-specific T helper lymphocytes. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Effective humoral immune responses require well-orchestrated B and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell interactions. (bvsalud.org)
IL-22-producing helper T cells (Th22 cells) have been reported to be involved in tuberculosis infection. (atsjournals.org)
Naive CD4 + T cells can develop into various helper T (Th) subsets with different cytokine profiles and play a discriminative role in translating antigen-specific immune responses into tissue functions or immunopathology. (atsjournals.org)

In comparison, neoplastic tumors do not induce significant immune responses because controlled apoptosis degrades most danger signals, preventing the detection and destruction of malignant cells. (wikipedia.org)
More CD8 T cells infiltrated and were activated after PD-L1 mAb treatment in mice with immunogenic MOC1 tumors, which were stable or increased by the addition of rapamycin, but suppressed when PD901 was added. (aacrjournals.org)
In the past decade, many clinical trials have been investigating anti-CTLA-4 as well as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapies in various solid tumors, including HCC. (stanford.edu)
Background Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a promising immunotherapeutic approach for patients with advanced solid tumors. (bmj.com)
The expression of PD-L1 and Ki67 in the tumors decreased and an increase in granzyme B levels was found in CAR T cells. (oncotarget.com)
By destroying readily accessible tumors, ablative therapies make tumor antigens available as an in-situ cancer vaccine which can lead to the initiation of a systemic antitumor immune response that can affect and potentially eliminate occult, metastatic tumors [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Daily topical treatment with CWO induced dramatic regression of pre-malignant skin tumors and a two-fold reduction in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. (biorxiv.org)
SUMMARY BLURB Essential oil derived from the camphor tree acts by stimulating immune cell-dependent regression of skin tumors in a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. (biorxiv.org)

Measure by its ability to induce IFN gamma secretion in PHA-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC). (biofargo.com)

Any of the peptides having a strong affinity for binding with class I or II histocompatibility antigens and for stimulating a response by T lymphocytes. (tabers.com)
Thus, our work creates an adjuvanted platform assembly of peptides resulting in cross presentation of CD8+ T cell-eliciting epitopes in a vaccine that prevents toxoplasmosis. (jci.org)

Rapamycin increased IFNγ production capacity in peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
In vivo antibody depletion revealed a CD8 T-cell-dependent, and not NK cell-dependent mechanism of tumor growth inhibition after treatment with rapamycin and PD-L1 mAb, ruling out significant effects from NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
NK cells coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. (scielo.br)
CD4 + TIL demonstrated an effector T cell response with cytotoxicity toward autologous tumor in a major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent manner. (bmj.com)
Conclusions Despite methods which often focus on CD8+T cells, our study supports the importance of prospective identification of neoantigen-specific CD4 + T cells within TIL products as they are a potent source of tumor-specific effectors. (bmj.com)
Co-administration of a clinically relevant dexamethasone dosage with ablative radiotherapy reduces peripheral lymphocytes but does not alter in vivo intratumoral lymphocyte phenotype or inhibit efficacy of radiotherapy in a murine colorectal tumor model. (rochester.edu)
This enhanced secretion of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters that impair CD8+ T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
Targeting METTL3 by single-guide RNA, nanoparticle small interfering RNA (siRNA), or pharmacological inhibitor (STM2457) in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) synergized to reinvigorate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and mediate tumor regression. (bvsalud.org)
Tumor growth diminished 5 times and tumor weight reduced 50-80% when compared with the anti-CAIX CAR T cells alone in a humanized mice model of ccRCC. (oncotarget.com)
The anti-PD-L1 IgG1 isotype, which is capable of mediating ADCC, was also able to recruit human NK cells to the tumor site in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
In vitro large amplification of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and adoptive transfer of these cells is one of the most promising approaches to treat malignant diseases in which an effective immune response is not achieved by active immunization. (ewha.ac.kr)
Cellular immunity, particularly of CD4 + T cells, IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, has a central role in the control of and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection ( 1 ). (atsjournals.org)
In vivo , CWO induced transcriptional changes in immune-related genes, resulting in cytotoxic T cell-dependent tumor regression. (biorxiv.org)
Together, these studies identify T cell-mediated tumor regression as the mechanism through which a plant-derived essential oil diminishes established tumor burden. (biorxiv.org)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)

In this study, we confirm that purified CD4 + T cells from CMV + donors are activated by allogeneic CMV-infected EC, but find that the response is dependent upon copurified APC expressing class II MHC that are autologous to the T cells. (aai.org)
In some cases, T cells may present, as a result of residual autologous cells or transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Residual autologous T cells are usually emerging from partial thymic maturation impairment such as in the case of Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) deficiency. (hindawi.com)
These results demonstrate that prior in vivo immunization, which increases the precursor frequency, simplifies posterior expansion of tumorspecific CD8 + T cells, and aAPCs is superior to autologous APC for in vitro amplification. (ewha.ac.kr)
Expanded T cells are screened in stimulations with pathogen proteins in the presence of autologous PBMC as antigen-presenting cells (APC). (antigendiscovery.com)

Epitopes are a component of the antigen that are recognized by the immune system and determine whether the cellular or the humoral arm of the immune system shall be activated against that particular antigen. (medscape.com)

In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
Six weeks after hematopoietic cell transfer, rat cells populating the CNS of chimeras were shown to function as APC, stimulating BP-specific Lewis rat T lymphocytes in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
In vitro, CD4 + T cells from CMV-positive donors (but not CMV-negative donors) are readily activated by CMV-infected allogeneic EC, although it is unclear how allogeneic CMV-infected EC activate self-class II MHC-restricted memory CD4 + T cells. (aai.org)
Here we compared T-cell functions including the number of circulating CD3 + T cells, in vitro responses to mitogens, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, TCR excision circles (TREC) levels, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) enumeration in several immunodeficinecy subtypes, clinically presenting with nonreactive residual cells (MHC-II deficiency) or reactive cells. (hindawi.com)
Proteins encoded by the cloned ORF plasmids are expressed using a cell free in vitro transcription/ translation ("IVTT") system. (antigendiscovery.com)
ADI uses the same high-throughput cloning and cell-free in vitro transcription and translation methodology employed in the manufacture of protein microarrays (described here ). (antigendiscovery.com)

Prednisone and prednisolone [ 386 ] act powerfully to suppress the inflammation accompanying a rejection crisis, and also appear to reduce the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens, thus reducing the immunogenicity of the transplant. (nanomedicine.com)

In 1994, Polly Matzinger formulated the danger model, theorizing that the immune system identifies threats to initiate an immune response based on the presence of pathogens and/or alarm signals from cells under stress. (wikipedia.org)
The function of the adaptive immune system is to recognize, remember and destroy invading pathogens through their antigens, and relieve pathogen-associated toxicities. (frontiersin.org)
The size of the plasma pool ensures the vast diversity of IgG repertoire in IVIG that interacts with a large number of self-antigens, in addition to pathogens and external antigens [2]. (academie-medecine.fr)

The cells that die via necrosis release preserved intracellular organelles, antigens, and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as DNA and heat shock proteins (HSPs) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

To verify the nonlymphoid nature of dendritic cells, we made an initial search for rearrangements in T cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes and none were found. (silverchair.com)

A vaccine typically contains an antigen mixture that stimulates a body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, inducing specific immune responses and memory for long-term protection against the disease-causing microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
The body's immune system can react adaptively against the antigen via 2 pathways: cellular or humoral. (medscape.com)

Evidence has recently been obtained that two very different recombinatorial systems for lymphocyte antigen receptor diversification appeared at the beginning of vertebrate evolution approximately 500 million years ago. (scielo.br)
Our data suggest that fetuin-A overexpression significantly enhances the invasive potential of the cells and also the expression of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on these cells. (preprints.org)

In order to examine the role of hematopoietic rat cells in the development of EAE, chimeras were constructed in SCID mice by transplanting 40 x 10 6 T cell-depleted adult Lewis rat bone marrow cells. (elsevierpure.com)
These agents also damage all tissues (e.g., gut epithelium, bone marrow) where rapid cell division is occurring, creating other undesirable side effects, thus often may not be suitable for use in medical nanorobotics. (nanomedicine.com)
In due course, the stem cells in the bone marrow reconstitute the peripheral lymphoid system but the newly formed T cells seem to accept the graft as self [ 403 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
Leukocytes are produced in stem cells in bone marrow. (lu.se)

This hamster mAb to a mouse leukocyte antigen has been observed to cross-react with similar populations of Lewis, Sprague-Dawley, and LOU16 rat leukocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
The nature of the formation of secondary immunodeficiency states after ethanol poisoning and, therefore, the methods of correction of immune status depend on the characteristics of antigen-presenting cells lesions, populations of T-lymphocytes, B-cells [1, 3]. (romj.org)
Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
BRD4 inhibitor expanded CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations and reduced the population of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs). (preprints.org)
Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
More precise and comparable data about the risk of poliomyelitis could be obtained in future surveys by incorporating a standard case definition, by using house- to- house case- finding methods in representative community- based samples, by analyzing and presenting rates in more clearly defined ways, and by selecting stable populations for study. (who.int)

A read-out assay such as 3 H-thymidine incorporation or cytokine secretion is used to identify the targets of antigen-specific responses. (antigendiscovery.com)

In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
Antigen Discovery Inc. has developed a high-throughput technology to translate any genome to proteins printed as individual spots on a microarray. (antigendiscovery.com)

The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. (frontiersin.org)
T cells play a large role in the cellular immune response, while B cells are intimately involved in the humoral immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Th1-cells produce γ-interferon (IFN-γ), participating in the implementation of cellular immune responses [2-4]. (romj.org)
CMI) , cellular i. immune responses that are initiated by an antigen-presenting cell interacting with and mediated by T lymphocytes ( e.g., graft rejection, delayed-type hypersensitivity). (theodora.com)
Antigen Discovery Inc., in collaboration with David Koelle's laboratory Laboratory at the University of Washington in Seattle, has developed a high-throughput screening methodology for identification of antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell specificities in cellular samples. (antigendiscovery.com)
New insights into the complex cellular contributions and interactions will be provided, comparing the role of cell subsets in the pathogenesis of IPF and systemic sclerosis. (ersjournals.com)
Molecular Components of the Immune System The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)

We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
Specifically, we argue that the hypercoagulable and hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19 is a consequence of the expanded tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which allows it to infect vascular endothelial cells, and that cytokine storm physiology contributes to a lesser degree. (ersjournals.com)
They include endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. (frontiersin.org)
CMV infects endothelial cells (EC) and it is thought that CMV-specific host immune responses to infected allograft EC contribute to rejection. (aai.org)
In one embodiment the invention teaches the treatment of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) through protecting/regenerating the endothelial by administration of cells such as stem cells. (therapeuticsolutionsint.com)
In another embodiment stem cells are administered together with endothelial progenitor cells in order to regenerate neural endothelium. (therapeuticsolutionsint.com)
In other embodiments preservation of brain integrity in conditions of degeneration is accomplished by administration of stem cells and/or endothelial cells. (therapeuticsolutionsint.com)
This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)

For example, gut cells secrete transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) during bacterial invasions to stimulate B cell production of Immunoglobulin A (IgA). (wikipedia.org)
The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)

However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
More and more data have demonstrated that several Th subsets, such as Th1 cells ( 3 ), Th17 cells ( 4 ), regulatory T cells ( 5 ), and so on, are involved in the pathogenesis of TPE. (atsjournals.org)

The HM40-3 antibody reacts with CD40, a 40-50-kDa glycoprotein expressed on B lymphocytes and other antigen-presenting cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
in most applications the substance in question serves as antigen, both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance. (theodora.com)
Infected mice treated with Pam3CSK4 possessed more hepatic inflammation focus, lower IgG and IgG2a antibody titers, and a lower proportion of spleen CD3+CD4+ T cells. (bvsalud.org)
SARS-CoV-2-specific cTfh cell frequencies correlate with plasmablast frequencies and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, avidity and neutralization. (bvsalud.org)
Our study suggests that impaired generation of functional virus-specific cTfh cells delays high-quality antibody production at an early stage, potentially enabling progression to severe disease. (bvsalud.org)
3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

Dendritic cell state of activation can be assessed by transcriptome analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Some authors have referred to this ability of cryotherapy to load dendritic cells as producing an "in-vivo dendritic cell vaccine" [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Vaccine strategies that concentrate on stimulating T cell immunity will at best generate reactive and persisting T cell responses that can suppress virus without preventing infection, limiting or preventing the damage the virus cause. (scielo.br)
Therefore, adipocytes play an important role in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The T and B cells are the major components of adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Human CMV infection is controlled by T cell-mediated immunity and in immunosuppressed transplant patients it is associated with acute allograft rejection as well as chronic allograft vasculopathy. (aai.org)
Bladder Cancer Extracellular Vesicles Elicit a CD8 T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. (rochester.edu)
It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. (bvsalud.org)
Efti is Immutep's proprietary soluble LAG-3 protein and MHC Class II agonist that stimulates both innate and adaptive immunity for the treatment of cancer. (kdvr.com)
The cells that have the inherent property of innate and adaptive immunity within the body are present at different sites including the blood, lymphatic system (lymph, lymphoid nodules and lymphoid organs), epithelium, and connective tissues. (medscape.com)

We speculate that the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to affect T-lymphocyte and myeloid cell physiology coupled with age-related maladaptive biological phenomena explain the strong association between advanced age and increased risk of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. (ersjournals.com)
Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)

In contrast, patients with self-reactive cells have significant autoimmune features in addition to their clinical and molecular immunodeficient state. (hindawi.com)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)

Immunotherapeutic options have elicited a promising approach in some malignancies with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approving the first checkpoint inhibitor anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab for the treatment of melanoma ten years ago. (stanford.edu)
Methods We analyzed infused TIL products from metastatic melanoma patients previously treated with ACT for the presence of neoantigen-specific T cells. (bmj.com)
These aAPC-induced CTLs recognized endogenously pro + cessed antigens present on B16F10 melanoma cells. (ewha.ac.kr)

Adipocytes can directly activate CD4 + T cells through antigen:MHCII complex in a contact-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)

Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice previously transplanted with Lewis rat hematopoietic cells (SCID mouse-Lewis rat chimeras) developed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) following injection with myelin basic protein (BP)-specific Lewis rat T lymphocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
An appetite-regulating protein released by L cells of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract in response to a meal. (tabers.com)
Fusion tag:is-tag at the C-terminus Application:WB, ELISA, SDS-PAGE, Cell culture, Elisa Product Description: Protein Description: 4-1BB. (biofargo.com)
Endocytosis of emulsion-trapped protein and cross presentation of the antigens must account for the immunogenicity of our adjuvanted protein. (jci.org)
After induction with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of tsGILT mRNA was upregulated in spleen and kidney and recombinant tsGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. (bvsalud.org)
The process of immune response to bacteria challenge needs GILT to catalyze the reduction of disulfide bond and unfolding native protein antigens, promoting their hydrolysis by proteases. (bvsalud.org)
We present a sequencing and data analysis platform for the genomic surveillance of the insertion or deletion (indel)-rich antigens merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), MSP2, glutamate-rich protein (GLURP), and CSP from P. falciparum using long-read circular consensus sequencing (CCS) in multiclonal malaria isolates. (bvsalud.org)
10%. In the remaining 10% of children with lecular weight protein found on the surface nephrotic syndrome, it is largely mediated of all nucleated cells which synthesize it. (who.int)

The cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) that may have an endosomal origin, or from evaginations of the plasma membrane. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, the "exosome vesicle " is an extracellular particle released from the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
The exosome vesicles are a type of extracellular vesicles (EV), which are defined as lipid-bilayer spheroid structures, without replicating capacity, that are released from cells, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (frontiersin.org)
Abstract: Disclosed are methods of reducing lung inflammation in acute respiratory distress syndrome elicited by various factors such as COVID-19 infection by reduction of neutrophil extracellular trap formation through administration of mesenchymal stem cells and/or exosomes thereof. (therapeuticsolutionsint.com)
The invention provides means of inhibiting neutrophil release of extracellular traps by mesenchymal stem cells and/or exosomes derived from said mesenchymal stem cells. (therapeuticsolutionsint.com)
Additionally, synergies are provided between mesenchymal stem cells and/or exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and agents approaches which reduce neutrophil extracellular trap formation. (therapeuticsolutionsint.com)

It stimulates beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin. (tabers.com)

The adaptive immune response, primarily comprised of T and B lymphocytes, has important implications in the fracture healing process as well [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
In otherwise healthy CMV-infected individuals, CMV persists in a state of clinical latency, its replication and pathogenesis kept in check by the host adaptive immune response involving both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells ( 2 , 3 ). (aai.org)

The latter includes patients with autoreactive clonal expanded T cell and patients with alloreactive transplacentally maternal T cells. (hindawi.com)

Antigen-presenting cells - notably dendritic cells - take up antigens and traffic to the draining lymph nodes where they present processed antigens to naive CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Rapamycin enhanced expansion of peripheral antigen-specific CD8 T cells and IFNγ production following ex vivo antigen stimulation. (aacrjournals.org)

Different pathways regulate different immune cells to help the body differentiate the bodies own healthy cells from disease-causing agents including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, cancerous cells, and many more. (medscape.com)

The earliest cell in B-lymphocyte lineage that produces Ig is the pre-B lymphocyte. (medscape.com)

Cryoablation utilizes expanding argon gas to induce a freeze-thaw cycle in targeted lesions that results in necrotic cell death in a small radius around the probe. (biomedcentral.com)

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types (Figure 1 ), including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Naive T-cells are stimulated to proliferate and differentiate into effector and memory T-cells. (biomedcentral.com)
To elucidate the mechanism by which Th22 cells differentiate and recruit into the pleural space. (atsjournals.org)

In PRA testing, recipient serum is incubated with white blood cells pooled from a group of blood donors with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types representative of the community. (medscape.com)
ALG is produced by immunizing a large animal such as a horse with human lymphocytes, then purifying the gamma globulin fraction of the serum. (nanomedicine.com)
This study aims to determine whether the serum levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL) and Estradiol (E2) affect PF patients in the endemic southern and whether a relationship exists between these hormones and IgE /IL-4 levels. (heraldopenaccess.us)
We also determined the adhesion and growth potential of the cells in the presence of only fetuin-A in serum free medium and also in complete medium. (preprints.org)

The fungal metabolite cyclosporin A (cyclosporine) [ 384 , 385 ] has a greater specificity for lymphoid T cells than other cells. (nanomedicine.com)

More importantly, the cells rely on fetuin-A-TLR4 signaling network for growth and invasion because the specific TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 (resatorvid) abrogates fetuin-A mediated growth and invasion. (preprints.org)

mice injected intravenously with a commercially available extract of coxiella burnetii prepared for use as the antigen in the complement fixation diagnostic test for q fever were subsequently resistant to infection with babesia microti, babesia rodhaini, and plasmodium vinckei petteri. (liverpool.ac.uk)

The most general pre-nanomedical method to suppress immune system acute responsiveness is called antigen nonspecific immunosuppression. (nanomedicine.com)
Antigen nonspecific methods include the use of cytotoxic drugs that interfere with all cell division in the body [ 383 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
in general, innate i. is nonspecific and is not stimulated by specific antigens. (theodora.com)

Rat T cells did not cause EAE in non-chimeric SCID mice. (elsevierpure.com)
Brain cells from chimeric mice were also evaluated for the presence of rat antigen- presenting cells (APC). (elsevierpure.com)

Furthermore, interactions of CD40 with its ligand, CD154, are involved in the initiation and effector stages of cell-mediated immune responses. (bdbiosciences.com)
Anti-HIV-1 T cell responses are evaded by continuous mutation of the virus. (scielo.br)
The study aimed to evaluate the immune responses that reflect the function of Th1- and Th2-lymphocytes, and cytokine profile (concentration of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in blood) in the chronic ethanol intoxication. (romj.org)
Here we comprehensively characterized the kinetics of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in VRP-vaccinated mice, and demonstrate that they predominantly target the nucleoprotein (NP). (cdc.gov)

To determine safety and efficacy of 100 million intravenously administered CTEcells™ allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. (therapeuticsolutionsint.com)
To determine safety and efficacy of intravenously administered allogeneic JadiCell umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. (therapeuticsolutionsint.com)

Two-color analysis of the expression of CD40 on mouse and rat spleen cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Sufficient numbers of dendritic cells were purified from spleen and skin to do quantitative binding studies with radiolabeled M-CSF, GM-CSF, and interleukin 1 (IL-1). (silverchair.com)
cultured epidermal dendritic cells (i.e., epidermal Langerhans cells) had 500/cell and spleen dendritic cells approximately 70/cell. (silverchair.com)

Results We discovered that neoantigen-specific TIL clones were predominantly CD4 + T cells and were present in both therapeutic responders and non-responders. (bmj.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms10

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs139

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Proliferation14

Differentiation18

Cytokines18

Antibodies15

Receptors11

Macrophages4

Molecules27

APCs5

Neutrophils1

Mechanisms8

Monocytes1

Epitope3

Helper8

Tumors8

Peripheral blood lymph1

Peptides2

Tumor14

CD801

Autologous5

Epitopes1

Vitro6

Histocompatibility antigens1

Pathogens3

Intracellular2

Genes1

Body's immune system2

Receptor2

Bone marrow5

Populations6

Secretion1

Proteins2

Cellular7

Endothelial10

Immunoglobulin3

Subsets2

Antibody6

Dendritic cell2

Immunity9

Myeloid cell2

Self-reactive2

Melanoma3

Activate1

Protein8

Extracellular6

Secrete1

Adaptive2

Clonal1

Lymph nodes2

Vivo1

Pathways1

Lineage1

Lesions1

Differentiate3

Serum4

Lymphoid1

Inhibitor1

Complement1

Nonspecific3

Chimeric2

Responses4

Mesenchymal stem2

Spleen3

Predominantly1