Antigen and induce antibodies. Medical search. Frequent questions

Glycoprotein (GP) is the major protective antigen of EBOV, and can generate virus-like particles (VLPs) by co-expression with matrix protein (VP40). (frontiersin.org)
The function of antibodies in our body is to recognize and bind to a specific target (i.e. the antigen), which is often a foreign molecule or protein. (eurekalert.org)
The Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) has recently emerged as a leading candidate antigen against the blood-stage human malaria parasite. (nature.com)
The antibodies induced by one protein variant were shown to be qualitatively similar to responses induced by other vaccine platforms. (nature.com)
A protein specific to a certain antigen that weakens or destroys pathogens. (studystack.com)
The objective of this study was to develop an atheroprotective vaccine by targeting a peptide of the LDL protein constituent apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) to the nasal mucosa to induce a protective mucosal immune response. (lu.se)
TotalSeq™-D antibodies are compatible with Mission Bio's Tapestri Single-Cell Sequencing Platform for simultaneous detection of DNA and Protein. (biolegend.com)
The DEKnull protein retains binding to conformationally dependent inhibitory antibodies. (rcsb.org)
DEKnull has reduced immunogenicity to polymorphic regions responsible for strain-specific immunity while retaining conserved protein folds necessary for induction of strain-transcending blocking inhibitory antibodies. (rcsb.org)
The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
8. Anti bodies - Protein substances produced on challenge by an antigen. (who.int)
It is well documented that oxidative damage of protein and DNA presents unique neoepitopes, which is one of the factors in antigen-driven autoimmune response in various diseases (Scofield et al . (scialert.net)
Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - HCMV infection induces NOD2 mRNA and protein in HFFs and U373 cells. (novusbio.com)
Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Whole cell protein from THP-1 cells was separated on a 7.5% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST. (novusbio.com)
A neutralizing antibody recognizes a foreign protein (called an antigen), and by binding to it is able to block or neutralize the infectivity of the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
For example, neutralizing antibodies that target an HIV envelope protein called gp120 can block a crucial part of the infection process in which gp120 binds to a receptor on the surface of T cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The part of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody is called an epitope, and it is usually a specific sequence of amino acids in the antigen protein. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists studying antibodies from elite neutralizers, however, discovered that many of the most potent neutralizing antibodies actually recognize carbohydrate components called glycans that are attached to the gp120 envelope protein. (sciencedaily.com)
The envelope protein has dozens of epitopes, and most of the immune response is directed at ones that don't induce neutralizing antibodies. (sciencedaily.com)
By analogy with protein respiratory allergy it is legitimate to consider that IgE antibody-dependent mechanisms may play a pivotal role. (cdc.gov)
Participants that were nucleocapsid seropositive prior to their BTI had significantly higher levels of binding and functional antibodies to the spike protein, shorter median duration of infections, and lower median peak viral loads compared to seronegative participants. (bvsalud.org)

The following product was used in this experiment: Collagen V Alpha-1 Chain (VR domain) Monoclonal Antibody (6A7) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 90009-100UG. (thermofisher.com)
In 1975, Georges Köhler and César Milstein were the first to describe the creation of hybridomas for monoclonal antibody production. (labmanager.com)
Dr. Fox explains this process: "We receive the antigen from the person who wishes to develop a monoclonal antibody. (labmanager.com)
Supernatant [fluid] is taken from the hybridomas, and the investigator screens for the monoclonal antibody of interest that will recognize a specific antigen and is appropriate for their application. (labmanager.com)
Tositumomab is used in the treatment of some B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and is an example of a monoclonal antibody used to deliver toxins, as some of the antibody delivers a linked radioactive substance to the B-cells. (labmanager.com)
The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)
The JS-81 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD81, which is also known as, Target of the antiproliferative antibody 1 (TAPA1, TAPA-1), or Tetraspanin-28 (Tspan-28/TSPAN28). (bdbiosciences.com)

A serum that contains antibodies that can help protect an exposed person from contracting the disease. (studystack.com)
The vaccine was safe and well tolerated, induced potent serum IgG & IgA responses waning post last vaccination, and low and intermittent mucosal IgG, but did not induce neutralizing activity neither in serum nor vaginal samples. (europa.eu)
By way of comparison, the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), colloquially referred to as the indirect Coombs test, is used to determine the presence of antibody in the serum or plasma. (medscape.com)
Once there is sufficient antibody titer in the serum, the spleen is removed to create hybridomas by fusing spleen cells with a cell line. (labmanager.com)
Perhaps the respiratory allergy can induce detectable levels of serum IgE most significant issue is uncertainty regarding the mechanisms antibody. (cdc.gov)
New combination vaccines should induce similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibody in serum for individual protection against paralytic disease and mucosal immunity that effectively decreases viral replication in the intestine and pharynx for population protection against transmission of poliovirus. (who.int)

Although T-cell responses induced by wP cal analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, and DNA relatedness or aP cross-reacted with B. holmesii , vaccine-induced anti- studies revealed that these strains were new Bordetella spe- bodies failed to effi ciently bind B. holmesii . (cdc.gov)
The antibodies specifically bind to the antigens that induced the immune response. (cdc.gov)
It will be directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte because labeled antibody will not bind if the analyte is not present in the unknown sample. (wikipedia.org)
A staphylococcal antigen (eg, enterotoxins C and A and toxic shock syndrome toxin [TSST]-1) act as a superantigen and it can bind directly to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. (medscape.com)
This project started a couple of years ago when we realized that this amazing functionality of antibodies (recognize and bind to a specific molecule) could be repurposed for nanotech applications", says Francesco Ricci, professor at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and senior author of the manuscript. (eurekalert.org)
To do this, we employed DNA bricks that bind to each other and form nanostructures of tubular shape", says Simona Ranallo, a post-doc researcher in the group of Prof. Ricci and first author of the manuscript, "we then re-engineered such bricks with recognition tags (antigens) so that their assembly is initiated by a specific antibody. (eurekalert.org)
311H mAb was generated using antigens purified from onestep His-Bind column chromatography. (karger.com)
Maternal alloantibodies bind to the corresponding antigen on fetal RBCs, resulting in a positive direct antiglobulin test result. (medscape.com)
mAbs are used to target and bind tumor cells expressing cancer-specific antigens and induce cell death. (labmanager.com)
We found that the vaccine that gave partial protection in the RV 144 trial had very little of the kind of carbohydrate required to bind these antibodies. (sciencedaily.com)
The sample is incubated with biotinylated Tg and the antibodies of the sample bind the antigen. (cdc.gov)
However, capsule-specific opsonic antibodies can bind to the bacterial capsule and facilitate phagocytosis. (msdmanuals.com)

Some cross-react with self-antigens. (wikipedia.org)

Our study indicates that co-expression of GP and VP40 antigens based on the SFV replicon vector generates EBOV VLPs in vitro , and vaccination with recombinant DREP vectors containing GP and VP40 antigens induces Ebola antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. (frontiersin.org)
Abcam is leading the way in addressing this with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation. (abcam.com)
however, rabbit antibodies raised against the recombinant proteins encoded by the gene of mouse bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BP180) are capable of inducing blisters in newborn mice in a complement-dependent manner. (medscape.com)

Requires heat-induced antigen retrieval where aldehydes are used as fixatives. (abcam.com)
Immunohistochemistry: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, heat-induced antigen retrieval. (thermofisher.com)
EDTA heat-induced epitope retrieval was required to restore antigenicity to fixed tissues. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, levels of neutralising antibody, ACE2 blocking activity, and spike-specific IgA measured prior to BTI also correlated with the duration of infection. (bvsalud.org)

The alternating 2-vector approach is designed to further focus the immune response against the target antigen. (khon2.com)
Vaccines formulated with nucleic acids specific for a target antigen. (bvsalud.org)

INTERPRETATION: We extended previous findings and demonstrate that a subset of vaccine-induced humoral immune responses, along with nucleocapsid serostatus are associated with control of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in the upper airways. (bvsalud.org)
The 'gold standard' method to assess humoral antibody responses fol owing vaccination is the neutralization assay. (who.int)

Blood-stage vaccines seek to induce antibodies against the merozoite form of the parasite that invades erythrocytes 2 , and could complement pre-erythrocytic immunity afforded by RTS,S/AS01, protect against disease severity and/or reduce transmission by accelerating the control and clearance of blood-stage parasitemia. (nature.com)
Current pneumococcal vaccines use the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides as antigens to generate serotype-specific antibodies, which facilitate serotype-specific clearance of pneumococci through opsonophagocytosis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Typical vaccines aim to support the body's immune system in fighting diseases by stimulating antibody production. (addisonindependent.com)

During the following sis -induced immunity is protective against infection with B. decade, additional clinical isolates with the same micro- holmesii , we conducted an analysis using 11 human respi- biological characteristics (slow-growing, gram-negative, ratory B. holmesii isolates collected during 2005-2009 from small coccoid, asaccharolytic, oxidase negative, nonmotile a highly B. pertussis -vaccinated population in Massachu- setts. (cdc.gov)
Any detectable titer of neutralizing antibody against poliovirus is considered protective against clinical paralytic diseases. (who.int)

Any substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies. (cdc.gov)
A pathogen or any other substance that induces an antibody response. (studystack.com)
6. Antigens - Substance that induces antibody production and interacts with it in a specific way. (who.int)
An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the immune system's response to the presence of an antigen. (news-medical.net)
However, it is not as effective at activating the Th1 response, which causes B cells to attach themselves to antigens to allow other immune cells to identify and kill whatever substance is clinging to the antibody. (news-medical.net)

Human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) belong to this category. (wikipedia.org)
Mouse monoclonal anti-e-cadherin antibodies (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) in conjunction with fluorochrome-conjugated donkey anti-mouse antibodies clearly delineated sites of e-cadherin expression in lungs of rats or mice. (cdc.gov)

Antigen-antibody complexes induce ia+ suppressor inducer cells that in" by S V. Rao, J A. Frelinger et al. (jax.org)
Antigen-antibody complexes induce ia+ suppressor inducer cells that initiate suppression of macrophages. (jax.org)
Many microorganisms have mechanisms that impair antibody production by inducing suppressor cells, blocking antigen processing, and inhibiting lymphocyte mitogenesis. (msdmanuals.com)

Antigen association to its corresponding binding site in the immunoglobulin molecule can elicit conformational rearrangements, generating novel epitopes termed metatopes. (tau.ac.il)
Binding to the epitopes was shown to require the complexation of Fab with its antigen. (tau.ac.il)
Denisova, G, Zwickel, J & Gershoni, JM 1995, ' Binding of HIV-1 gp120 to an anti-V3 loop antibody reveals novel antigen-induced epitopes ', FASEB Journal , vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 127-132. (tau.ac.il)
Functional binding assays with monoclonal antibodies were used to interrogate the available epitopes in DEKnull. (rcsb.org)
We knew that these broadly neutralizing antibodies existed for many years, but it came as a great surprise that they were directed to carbohydrate epitopes rather than the more common amino acid epitopes," Berman said. (sciencedaily.com)
So Berman's lab set out to produce antigens that would induce a strong antibody response to the glycan-dependent epitopes in the V1/V2 domain. (sciencedaily.com)

GAD65 is involved in the synthesis, packaging, and release of GABA, whereas the other three play important roles in the induction of long-term depression (LTD). Thus, the auto-antibodies toward these synaptic molecules likely impair fundamental synaptic machineries involved in unique functions of the cerebellum, potentially leading to the development of cerebellar ataxias (CAs). (springer.com)
Anti-GAD65 antibody (Ab) acts on the terminals of inhibitory neurons that suppress GABA release, whereas anti-VGCC, anti-mGluR1, and anti-GluR Abs impair LTD induction. (springer.com)
Second, these antibodies impair the induction of synaptic plasticity, rebound potentiation, and LTD, on Purkinje cells, resulting in loss of restoration and compensation of the distorted "internal models. (springer.com)

Heterophile antigen An immunoassay is a biochemical test, frequently used in medical diagnostic testing, that measures the presence or concentration of a macromolecule in a solution through the use of an antibody or immunoglobulin. (wikipedia.org)

Chimeric virus-like particles are an effective vaccine platform for induction of antibody responses, but their capacity to induce robust cellular responses and cell-mediated protection against pathogen challenge has not been established. (edu.au)
The identification of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) has greatly advanced our understanding of how adjuvants work beyond the simple concept of extended antigen release and has accelerated the development of novel adjuvants. (mdpi.com)
HOOKIPA's replicating and non-replicating technologies are engineered to induce robust and durable antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and pathogen-neutralizing antibodies. (wlns.com)
An antigen, a sub-part of a pathogen (something that can cause diseases), induces the formation of antibodies. (addisonindependent.com)
Then, when the person is exposed to the actual antigens of a pathogen, their body has already learned the proper immune response and can better fight the disease. (addisonindependent.com)

The presence of a heterophile antibody is characterized by broad reactivity with antibodies of other animal species (which are often the source of the assay antibodies). (wikipedia.org)
This type is also known as sandwich assay as the analyte is "sandwiched" between two antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
The Ghost in the assay tube: heterophil antibody interferences in immunoassays - an ever-recurring but often forgotten problem. (wikipedia.org)
Anti-merozoite vaccine studies have long relied on the standardized in vitro assay of growth inhibition activity (GIA) 12 , whereby purified IgG antibodies are tested against parasites cultured in human red blood cells (RBC) in the absence of other cell types. (nature.com)
Guo LH, Kim DH (2012) LSPR biomolecular assay with high sensitivity induced by aptamer-antigen-antibody sandwich complex. (springer.com)

Using in vivo imaging approaches , scientists visualized in real time how monoclonal antibodies, used to treat B-cell lymphoma, guide the immune system to attack tumor cells. (pasteur.fr)
Generally, they are injected alongside an antigen to help the immune system generate antibodies that fight the antigen. (news-medical.net)
To do this adjuvants boost the activation of antigen-presenting cells, cells of the immune system that encompass foreign substances and break them up, presenting the resulting particles to the immune system's T cells. (news-medical.net)
The location where an adjuvant is injected can induce immune system activity localized to that specific area. (news-medical.net)
Researchers believe that for an AIDS vaccine to be effective, it must stimulate the immune system to make "broadly neutralizing antibodies" that are effective against multiple strains of the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
After an antigen is introduced via a vaccine, the body's immune system produces antibodies and learns how to fight the disease. (addisonindependent.com)

whilst another promising immunogen has included conserved regions III-V of the erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 kDa (PfEBA-175) 10 . (nature.com)

Auto-antibodies induced neurological diseases show various clinical phenotypes (see details in Table 1 ). (springer.com)
Passive transfer experiments have demonstrated that purified autoantibodies from patients with the pemphigus group of diseases can induce blister formation when delivered to newborn mice. (medscape.com)
Topas Therapeutics GmbH is a private Hamburg, Germany-based biotechnology company focused on developing nanoparticle-based therapeutics to address areas of major unmet need, including autoimmune diseases, allergies and anti-drug antibodies. (biospace.com)

For this reason, antibodies are ideal biomarkers because they are produced by our body to target foreign molecules in our blood. (eurekalert.org)

Antibodies against B. pertussis pertactin, pertussis toxin, cines, which contain combinations of purifi ed B. pertussis fi mbriae, adenylate cyclase toxin, and fi lamentous hemag- proteins. (cdc.gov)
The presence of auto-antibodies that target synaptic machinery proteins was documented recently in immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias. (springer.com)
Among these diverse features, it should be acknowledged that auto-antibodies toward glutamate receptors, GABA receptors, and K + channel-related proteins are preferentially found in autoimmune limbic encephalitis but not in IMCAs [ 10 ] (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
Also, using 311H as a reagent to trace the kinetic expression of EBV DNase proteins in EBV-infected Akata cells, the Western blotting results indicated that DNase antigen could be detected at 12 h postactivation. (karger.com)
We investigated the use of e-cadherin immunofluorescence in different species (rat and mouse), with different fixatives (10% neutral buffered formalin, 4% paraformaldehyde, and 2.5% glutaraldehyde ), with and without antigen retrieval, and as a dual label with immunofluorescence for other proteins. (cdc.gov)

B cells develop into plasma cells, which produce antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Meanwhile, broadly neutralizing antibodies to this domain were isolated from a rare group of people known as "elite neutralizers," who produce antibodies that potently neutralize multiple strains of the virus. (sciencedaily.com)

PSMA antibody-auristatin conjugates have been considered 1 option ( 4 ), but they face the inherent resistance of mCRPC against most (excepting taxanes) conventional chemotherapies. (snmjournals.org)
The Topas Particle Conjugates technology platform induces antigen-specific immune tolerance by harnessing the liver's natural immunology capabilities. (biospace.com)

Robust CD8+ T cell responses were induced by immunization with the chimeric CD8+ T cell epitope virus-like particles, however CD4+ T cell responses were very low. (edu.au)
Analysis following immunization of rabbits identified quantitative and qualitative differences in terms of the functional IgG antibody response against the P. falciparum parasite. (nature.com)
Autoimmune responses to low-density lipoproteins (LDL) contribute to its progression, whereas immunization with LDL may induce atheroprotective or proatherogenic responses. (lu.se)

The year 2021 also saw the development of therapeutic antibodies by the antiviral molecule screening platform (start-up SpikImm ), 107 technology transfer contracts signed, and a renewed investment in public information and advice to public authorities. (pasteur.fr)
The Institut Pasteur signed an exclusive worldwide license agreement with the biotech startup SpikImm SAS , founded by Truffle Capital, to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic and diagnostic use. (pasteur.fr)
SNAP might also provide a means to persistently deliver prophylactic or therapeutic levels of antibodies or antibody derivatives, thereby supplying affordable, timely and sustainable global access to these HIV interventions. (nih.gov)
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), for example, have emerged as a promising treatment strategy. (labmanager.com)
The Core offers antibody development services for preclinical antibody research and investigation, using the same process involved in therapeutic mAb development. (labmanager.com)
Humanization techniques are required for antibodies destined for therapeutic use in humans. (labmanager.com)
Once they are considered a therapeutic lead, these mouse antibodies must be humanized (by genetic engineering) unless they are made in a humanized mouse, which allows more rapid progress to a potential drug stage," explains Dr. Thomas Moran, a professor of microbiology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the director of the Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development. (labmanager.com)

Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. (abcam.com)

EBV infection induces the production of several antibody classes, of which heterophile antibodies are one (others include anti-i, rheumatoid factor and ANA). (wikipedia.org)
Thus, another possible cause of false positives in a pregnancy test are heterophile antibodies, commonly seen in EBV infection as well as selective IgA deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
Occult HCV infection has been detected in 30%-50% of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, FSGS, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis, and membranoproliferative GN (MPGN). (medscape.com)
Following an infection with one DENV serotype, the antibodies induced are type-specific and also cross-reactive with other DENV sero-types (Wilder-Smith et al. (cdc.gov)

In autoimmune limbic encephalitis, it is assumed that these auto-antibodies diffusely interfere with basal synaptic transmission or neural excitability and weaken overall functions of the temporal lobe [ 18 ]. (springer.com)
The direct antiglobulin test is used most commonly to investigate possible hemolytic transfusion reactions , hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and drug-induced immune hemolysis. (medscape.com)

We analyzed the effect of PD-1-Ab on tumor growth in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ-mice) subcutaneously inoculated with MC38 (a colon carcinoma cell line). (nature.com)
To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on anti-tumor function induced by anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, we treated STZ-induced diabetic mice with subcutaneous MC38 colon carcinoma tumors with anti-PD-1 antibody, and examined changes in tumor growth, the number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. (nature.com)
To induce hyperglycemia, mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ, which can damage pancreatic β cells resulting in the development of insulin dependent diabetes, a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). (nature.com)
Mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ or sodium citrate buffer (CB) 7 days before subcutaneous inoculation with MC38 cells in the right flank on day 0 (Fig. 1 A). Then, the mice were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody or normal rat IgG on days 5, 8, and 11. (nature.com)
The effect of anti-PD-1 antibody on MC38 tumor is attenuated in STZ-induced diabetic mice. (nature.com)

Antigen stimulation of lymphocytes induces CD229 clustering to sites of T cell‑B cell contact (7). (rndsystems.com)
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 2931 : Cytotoxic Effects Induced by Various Agents in Rat Thymus Lymphocytes. (erowid.org)
The small lymphocytes became hyperchromatic and enlarged 3 days after antigen administration, and pyanotic in 7 days, an effect enhanced by reserpine and LSD. (erowid.org)

The project has been structured in 3 main pathways or "tracks": a Discovery track, aiming at designing gp41-based antigens (Ag) using an iterative improvement process, and two development tracks (Parenteral and Mucosal) to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the Ags and the optimal administration conditions before selecting the most promising candidate for clinical development. (europa.eu)

Antibodies appear within 7-10 days after a primary exposure or within 1-2 days of a secondary response. (medscape.com)

With the help of new monoclonal antibodies against mouse LAG-3, we show that LAG-3 surface expression is not limited to activated T and NK cells but is also found on activated B cells. (nih.gov)
As B cells express LAG-3 in a T cell dependent manner and not when activated by Toll-like-receptor agonists alone, we propose LAG-3 as a new marker of T cell induced B cell activation. (nih.gov)
Heterophile antibodies are IgM antibodies with affinity for sheep and horse red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
These results suggest that the STZ-induced hyperglycemia impairs the effect of PD-1-Ab treatment on MC38 tumor growth, and is accompanied by reduced infiltration of DCs and CD8 + T cells and decreased expression of CCL7 and CXCL9. (nature.com)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1), induce their anti-tumor effects by improving the function of immune cells 11 . (nature.com)
Conclusion-Nasal administration of an apoB-100 peptide fused to CTB attenuates atherosclerosis and induces regulatory Tr1 cells that inhibit T effector responses to apoB-100. (lu.se)
To maximize performance, it is strongly recommended that the reagent be titrated for each application, and that you centrifuge the antibody dilution before adding to the cells at 14,000xg at 2 - 8°C for 10 minutes. (biolegend.com)
From here, the antigen is slowly released and provided to immune cells over an extended period of time. (mdpi.com)
The first of these pathways is the activation of antigen-presenting cells to signal to the immune system's T cells that foreign substances have infiltrated. (news-medical.net)
This activates the T cells, which has the impact of activating the antibody-producing B cells. (news-medical.net)
Following this binding, the T cells are induced to release cytokines that switch on the antibody-producing B cells. (news-medical.net)
Flow (Intracellular): NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on THP-1 cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-27287AF488 (orange). (novusbio.com)
Flow Cytometry: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524APC (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). (novusbio.com)
Flow Cytometry: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524PE (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). (novusbio.com)
In an early study, they fused mouse myeloma and spleen cells from an immunized donor to produce cell lines that secreted anti-sheep red blood cell antibodies. (labmanager.com)
They] can work by recruiting immune elements, delivering toxins, producing CAR-T cells, or as bispecific antibodies that recruit T or NK cells to kill the cancer cells. (labmanager.com)
mechanistically, rotenone-induced destruction of dopaminergic neurons has been attributed to its inhibition of the activity of neuronal mitochondrial complex I. However, the role of microglia, the resident brain immune cells in rotenone-induced neurodegeneration, has not been reported. (jneurosci.org)
However, it has been proposed that thymus cells do not form antibodies in situ as there is no entry of systemically administered antigens into the thymus. (erowid.org)

Notably, vaccination with DREP-GP and DREP-VP40, which produces both GP and VP40 antigens, induced a significantly higher level of anti-GP IgG2a antibody and increased IFN-γ secreting CD8 + T-cell responses relative to vaccination with DREP-GP or DREP-VP40 vector alone. (frontiersin.org)
Progress in this arena, however, is being made with a new generation of merozoite antigen targets identified in recent years that exhibit relatively low levels of polymorphism and against which functional neutralizing antibodies can be raised by vaccination. (nature.com)

Binding of GV12 to its antigen increased the affinity of M77 for gp120. (tau.ac.il)

Ligand binding induces EGFR dimerization and autophosphorylation, initiating the MAPK, Akt, and JNK signaling pathways. (biolegend.com)

Viral-induced GN manifests in significantly different histologic forms of glomerular injury, depending on the duration of viral activity. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, inhibition of NADPH oxidase or scavenging of superoxide significantly reduced the rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. (jneurosci.org)

An effective vaccine against the Plasmodium parasite is likely to require the induction of robust antibody and T cell responses. (edu.au)
The development of an effective vaccine against the merozoite has proved exceptionally challenging, hindered by substantial levels of polymorphism in the most widely studied candidate antigens 4 and redundant erythrocyte invasion pathways 5 . (nature.com)
By compiling information on other coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, scientists were able to find similarities and guess at what the most effective vaccine antigen might be. (addisonindependent.com)

This mini-review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms and aims to establish the basis of "auto-antibody-induced cerebellar synaptopathies. (springer.com)
Studies have revealed that adjuvants are likely to influence mechanisms such as the induction of cytokines and chemokines, the formation of depot, the promotion of antigen transportation to drain the lymph nodes, and the enhancement of antigen uptake and presentation. (news-medical.net)
Individual antibodies exhibit unique mechanisms of action. (labmanager.com)
One important constraint on the development of appropriate testing strategies has been uncertainty and controversy about the immunological mechanisms through which chemicals may induce sensitization of the respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)

This has the impact of reducing the rate at which both the chemicals and antigens are released into the tissue and bloodstream. (news-medical.net)
This suggests that some antigens can penetrate thymic tissue, producing differential lymphocytosis -and lymphocytolysis, actions probably involved in the immunological response. (erowid.org)

Heterophile antibody is a fairly specific but insensitive test for EBV. (wikipedia.org)
Each antibody has its own target and therefore does its job in a highly specific and precise way. (eurekalert.org)
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an excellent target for radionuclide therapy of metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (snmjournals.org)
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was determined every 4 wk. (snmjournals.org)
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for directing new therapies. (snmjournals.org)
Furthermore, a peptide-specific antibody response was observed. (lu.se)
The polymorphic nature of DBP induces strain-specific immune responses that pose unique challenges for vaccine development. (rcsb.org)
The next process involves the targeting of antigens at specific locations. (news-medical.net)
Maternal alloantibodies are specific for inherited paternal RBC antigens expressed by fetal RBCs. (medscape.com)
One key to improving the vaccine, Berman said, came from independent lines of investigation pointing to the importance of antibodies that recognize a specific segment of gp120 known as the V1/V2 domain. (sciencedaily.com)
50 μL of sample, a biotinylated monoclonal TSH-specific antibody and a monoclonal TSH-specific antibody labeled with a ruthenium complex react to form a sandwich complex. (cdc.gov)
15 μL of sample and an anti-T3-specific antibody labeled with a ruthenium complex are incubated together. (cdc.gov)
Formation of antibodies was tested using ovalbumin as an antigen, level of specific antibodies was measured by ELISA. (who.int)
Diagnosis requires specific growth media, serologic or urine antigen. (msdmanuals.com)

In a conjugate vaccine prototype, a synthetic sugar component mimics the bacterial antigen which induces antibodies. (pasteur.fr)

What if we could use antibodies as functional tools for nanotechnology applications? (eurekalert.org)
Moreover, the kinetic constraints imposed by such rapid erythrocyte invasion mean that extremely high concentrations of functional antibody are required to neutralize the parasite 6 . (nature.com)

The B cell chimeric construct induced robust antibody responses but there was no apparent synergy when T cell and B cell constructs were administered as a pool. (edu.au)

however, it remains unknown whether the anti-tumor effects of anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (PD-1-Ab) treatment are changed in hyperglycemic conditions. (nature.com)

However, although many aspects of chemical respiratory allergy are consistent with reactions caused by IgE antibody, uncertainty remains because among patients with occupational asthma caused by chemical respiratory allergens there are commonly a proportion, and sometimes a significant proportion, of subjects that lack detectable IgE antibody. (cdc.gov)

These bodies may explain poor vaccine-induced cross-protection. (cdc.gov)

As such the argument is advanced here that IgE antibody represents an appropriate readout for the characterization of chemical respiratory allergens, and that uncertainty about mode of action should no longer represent a hurdle in the development of suitable test methods. (cdc.gov)

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Overlay of NOD2-DyLight 488 (green) with phase contrast of murine colon. (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Analysis of PFA fixed mouse sciatic nerve section using anti-NOD2 antibody. (novusbio.com)

ab170190 - Mouse monoclonal IgG1, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody. (abcam.com)
An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest. (bdbiosciences.com)

The cytokines cause polyclonal B-cell activation that induces the production of IgA, IgG, and IgM. (medscape.com)

The study of sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies demonstrated that the UK (Alpha) variant is neutralized to almost exactly the same degree as the reference virus whereas the South African (Beta) variant is six-fold less sensitive. (pasteur.fr)

Such antibodies are commonly referred to as human anti-animal antibodies (HAAA). (wikipedia.org)
Despite their immune diversity, the majority of IMCAs is commonly associated with auto-antibodies against cerebellar autoantigens. (springer.com)

They are designed to induce antibody production against the target by host. (bvsalud.org)

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - NOD2 was detected in human monocytes using NOD2 antibody (2D9) [DyLight 488 (NB100-524G)]- with a concentration of 1:500 in PBS for 2 hours. (novusbio.com)

Other options include the use of heterophile blocking reagents, steps to remove immunoglobulins, serial dilutions and using non-mammalian capture and/or detection antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
This is one strategy for heterophile antibody detection. (wikipedia.org)
In WB, this antibody has been tested with NOD2 transfected 293T lysates and HT29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma lysates (endogenous detection has some background) where a band is seen at ~110 kDa. (novusbio.com)
Aptamer-antigen-antibody sandwiched detection scheme was utilized to enhance the LSPR responses for label-free biomolecular detection. (springer.com)

The utility and technical advantages of synthetic nucleic acid platforms (SNAP), including their efficacy, safety, speed of development, and ease of vaccine manufacture, were revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic, thus instilling hope that these technologies can be leveraged for the development of an effective HIV vaccine and broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) delivery. (nih.gov)
Studies of these broadly neutralizing antibodies yielded another crucial finding. (sciencedaily.com)

DEKnull is a synthetic DBP based antigen that has been engineered through mutation to enhance induction of blocking inhibitory antibodies. (rcsb.org)

Study Design: We measured changes in phagocytosis, levels of IL-2 in blood, antibody formation and level of blood sugar (normal homeostasis and experimentally-induced hyperglycaemie with streptozotocin). (who.int)

Anatomy21

Organisms17

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs138

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment41

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care4

Protein21

Monoclonal antibody7

Serum6

Bind12

Self antigens1

Recombinant3

Heat-induced3

Levels of neutrali1

Target antigen2

Humoral2

Vaccines3

Protective2

Substance5

Anti-mouse antibodies2

Suppressor3

Epitopes6

Impair3

Immunoglobulin1

Pathogen5

Assay5

Immune system6

Immunogen1

Diseases3

Molecules1

Proteins5

Produce antibodies2

Conjugates2

Immunization3

Therapeutic7

Retrieval1

Infection4

Autoimmune2

Mice5

Lymphocytes3

Iterative improvement1

Exposure1

Cells18

Vaccination2

Affinity1

Ligand1

Significantly2

Effective vaccine3

Mechanisms4

Tissue2

Specific14

Bacterial1

Functional2

Robust1

Tumor1

Detectable1

Vaccine-induced1

Characterization1

Immunohistochemistry2

Isotype2

Cytokines1

Sensitivity1

Commonly2

Production1

Immunofluorescence1

Detection4

Broadly2

Inhibitory1

Streptozotocin1