Antibody to influenza virus influenza. Medical search. Frequent questions

Thus the development of an effective and safe vaccine against divergent influenza A virus strains is urgently needed for the prevention of future outbreaks of influenza. (justia.com)
A DNA vaccine expressing consensus hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein protected guinea pigs from infection by two lineages of influenza D virus. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, animals that received a sham DNA vaccine (n = 12) had no detectable neutralizing antibodies against IDV, and viral RNA was readily detectable in respiratory tract tissues after intranasal challenge [3 x 10(5) TCID50] with IDV D/OK (n = 6) or D/660 (n = 6). (cdc.gov)
These results indicate that preemptive vaccine updates may improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals. (ox.ac.uk)
The findings of this analysis indicate that, compared with elderly nursing-home residents who received influenza vaccine from a different manufacturer, residents who received Fluogen{Registered} from recalled lots had moderately lower antibody responses to the influenza A/Nanchang/933/95(H3N2) component of the 1996-97 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Medical records were reviewed for and blood samples were obtained from the 172 nursing-home residents who received influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Postvaccination serum samples were analyzed for antibody against all three components of the 1996-97 vaccine using the hemagglutination-inhibition test (1). (cdc.gov)
For the group of residents that received recalled vaccine, both geometric mean antibody titers and the percentage of residents with titers greater than or equal to 1:40 against the A/Nanchang/933/95(H3N2) vaccine component were significantly lower than for the group of residents that received vaccine from a different manufacturer ( Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)
For both groups of residents, antibody titers were similar for the B/Harbin/07/94 and A/Texas/36/91(H1N1) vaccine components. (cdc.gov)
Several factors have been considered for determining whether persons who received recalled Fluogen{Registered} should receive an additional dose of the 1996-97 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Although the total number of persons who received vaccine from recalled lots of Fluogen{Registered} represent only 5%-7% of all persons nationwide who received a 1996-97 influenza vaccination, most doses of vaccine have been administered before the influenza season (October-mid-November), and all remaining supplies of 1996-97 vaccine are limited. (cdc.gov)
This unprecedented level of antibody cross-reactivity against the H3 subtype can potentially inform on development of a pan-H3 vaccine or small-molecule therapeutics. (rcsb.org)
A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
The annually updated, trivalent influenza vaccine consists of hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein components from influenza H3N2, H1N1, and B influenza viruses. (wikipedia.org)
20.3%, 24.1%, and 20.0% of adults 65 years who received AFLURIA QUADRIVALENT, TIV-1, and Because postmarketing reporting of adverse events is voluntary and from a population of uncertain influenza vaccine have not been correlated with protection from influenza virus. (who.int)
The The 1976 swine influenza vaccine was associated with an increased frequency of GBS. (who.int)
The post-marketing experience with AFLURIA (trivalent formulation) and AFLURIA QUADRIVALENT change to one or more new strains in each year's influenza vaccine. (who.int)
These results, together with the comparable sizes of pigs and humans, indicate that the pig is a valuable model for understanding how best to apply mAbs as therapy in humans and for monitoring antigenic drift of influenza viruses in humans, thereby providing information highly relevant to making influenza vaccine recommendations. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Candidate influenza vaccine viruses. (who.int)
These are influenza viruses that have been selected by WHO as viruses that potentially could be used as the basis for making influenza vaccine and that usually have been modified through laboratory techniques. (who.int)
Depending on whether the candidate virus is for a seasonal or H5N1 vaccine, different laboratories, laboratory techniques, and levels of biocontainment may be used or required to perform the modifications. (who.int)
Candidate influenza vaccine viruses normally must be tested further by vaccine producers for their suitability for vaccine manufacturing and by WHO to see if essential features of the candidate virus have been retained through all the modifications. (who.int)
These are influenza viruses that have been modified by laboratory techniques to grow better in eggs so that more vaccine can be made. (who.int)
Candidate influenza vaccine viruses are often (but not always) high- growth reassortant viruses. (who.int)
These are influenza viruses prepared from candidate influenza vaccine viruses by individual manufacturers for the manufacturer's specific vaccine-production process. (who.int)
Since vaccine processes differ among companies, different manufacturers may use differently prepared seed viruses. (who.int)
WHO-recommended viruses for vaccine use. (who.int)
These are wild-type influenza viruses that are recommended by WHO as the basis for an influenza vaccine. (who.int)
However, while heterosubtypic antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple influenza virus subtypes have been recently isolated from phage display libraries, it is not known whether such antibodies are produced in the course of an immune response to influenza virus infection or vaccine. (jci.org)
Here we report that, following vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine containing H1 and H3 influenza virus subtypes, some individuals produce antibodies that cross-react with H5 HA. (jci.org)
Vaccine-binding and H5 pseudotype-neutralizing antibodies in plasma samples collected before and after seasonal influenza vaccination. (jci.org)
Volunteers (A to X) were immunized with seasonal influenza vaccine in 2 consecutive seasons. (jci.org)
E and F ) Correlation between the increase of vaccine binding titers ( E ) and H5-neutralizing titers ( F ) following vaccination in 2007 ( x axis) and 2008 ( y axis) in the 9 donors that received the seasonal influenza vaccine for the 2 consecutive years. (jci.org)
certolizumab pegol decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
Despite the success of these adjuvants, the details of their mode of action in the context of influenza vaccine are still poorly understood. (nature.com)
The vaccine causes your body to develop antibodies to several strains of the influenza virus. (healthline.com)
The seasonal flu vaccine is changed every year to keep up with the three strains of the virus that research suggests will be most common in the upcoming flu season. (healthline.com)
If you're breastfeeding, you should also get a flu vaccine to protect yourself and to pass on protective antibodies to your baby. (healthline.com)
HIV-1 envelope gp41 broadly neutralizing antibodies: hurdles for vaccine development. (duke.edu)
This report updates the 2004 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (CDC. (cdc.gov)
and 5) the assessment of vaccine supply, timing of influenza vaccination, and prioritization of inactivated vaccine in shortage situations. (cdc.gov)
Hopefully, the knowledge gained in response to the H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks, and continued research to more completely understand influenza virus, as well as improvements in vaccine and drug development, will enable us to minimize the effects of future influenza outbreaks. (bcm.edu)
A series of new studies led by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) and the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) describe a potential vaccination strategy to jump-start the selection and evolution of broadly effective antibodies to prevent HIV infection. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Although we still have a long way to go, we're making really good progress toward a human vaccine," said William Schief, professor at TSRI and director of vaccine design for IAVI's Neutralizing Antibody Center (NAC) at TSRI, whose lab developed many of the vaccine proteins tested in these studies. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
A vaccine needs to elicit those rare antibodies, called "broadly neutralizing antibodies" (bnAbs), which fight a wide variety of strains of HIV-and it needs to elicit them quickly. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Safety and Immunogenicity of Influenza A/H5N8 Virus Vaccine in Healthy Adults: Durability and Cross-reactivity of Antibody Responses. (bvsalud.org)
Influenza vaccine as a coronary intervention for prevention of myocardial infarction. (who.int)
The flu vaccine causes antibodies to develop in your body about two weeks after you get it. (medlineplus.gov)
These antibodies provide protection against infection with the viruses that are in the vaccine. (medlineplus.gov)

Reverse cumulative distribution curves for hemagglutination-inhibition titers post-second wave to pre-third wave in a study of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus antibody, England, 2010 and 2011. (cdc.gov)
Purified Influenza virus type A (H1N1). (lsbio.com)
H1N1 and H3N2 are the major subtypes that cause human seasonal flu and global pandemics of influenza. (justia.com)
The influenza pandemic in 2009 was caused by influenza A virus H1N1 of swine origin. (justia.com)
The response to the commercial target, New Caledonia/H1N1/1999 influenza virus, was linear in the range from 10 pg/ml to 10 μg/ml and limit of detection was 50.5 pg/ml. (nature.com)
Whereas five broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the conserved stalk region of hemagglutinin (HA) required interactions between the antibody Fc and Fc receptors for IgG (FcRs) to confer protection from lethal H1N1 challenge, three strain-specific monoclonal Abs (mAbs) against the variable head domain of HA were equally protective in the presence or absence of FcR interactions. (mssm.edu)
The emergence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus illustrates the importance of pigs in evolution of zoonotic strains. (pirbright.ac.uk)
By immortalizing IgG-expressing B cells from 4 individuals, we isolated 20 heterosubtypic mAbs that bound and neutralized viruses belonging to several HA subtypes (H1, H2, H5, H6, and H9), including the pandemic A/California/07/09 H1N1 isolate. (jci.org)
These findings reveal that seasonal influenza vaccination can induce polyclonal heterosubtypic neutralizing antibodies that cross-react with the swine-origin pandemic H1N1 influenza virus and with the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. (jci.org)
We used high-throughput B cell receptor sequencing of plasma cells produced following AS03-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccination, as well as pre-pandemic seasonal influenza vaccination to elucidate the effect of the adjuvant on the humoral immune response. (nature.com)
The latest influenza pandemic arose in 2009, and was caused by a swine-origin H1N1 virus (pH1N1), and resulted in an estimated 300,000 deaths within the first 12 months 3 . (nature.com)
During the recent H1N1 influenza pandemic, excess morbidity and mortality was seen in young but not older adults suggesting that prior infection with influenza strains may have protected older subjects. (duke.edu)
The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1). (bcm.edu)
Fortunately, however, H1N1 is far less deadly than the H5N1 virus. (bcm.edu)
In only a few short weeks after emerging in North America, the new H1N1 virus reached around the world. (bcm.edu)
Although the 2009 H1N1 pandemic did not turn out to be as deadly as initially feared, the next pandemic flu virus could emerge at any time, and we must remain vigilant. (bcm.edu)

This data release contains the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assay titers to H7N9 viruses and seasonal H3N2 viruses. (cdc.gov)
Antibody titers against H7N9 and seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses were measured with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and microneutralization (MN) assays at Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Seasonal H3N2 virus A/Perth/16/2009 was used as control. (cdc.gov)
MN A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2): Geometric mean of microneutralization (MN) titers against the influenza H3N2 virus A/Perth/16/2009. (cdc.gov)
In the presence of clinically isolated influenza A virus (H3N2), the optical density of developed color was dependent on the virus concentration (10-50,000 PFU/ml). (nature.com)
We generated antibody landscapes to study immune profiles covering 43 years of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolution for 69 individuals monitored for infection over 6 years and for 225 individuals pre- and postvaccination. (ox.ac.uk)
Influenza viruses present a significant health challenge each year, as in the H3N2 epidemic of 2012-2013. (rcsb.org)
Crystal structures of F045-092 in complex with HAs from 1975 and 2011 H3N2 viruses reveal the structural basis for its neutralization breadth through insertion of its 23-residue HCDR3 into the receptor-binding site that involves striking receptor mimicry. (rcsb.org)
So a flu from a virus similar to the isolate A/Fujian/411/2002(H3N2) is called Fujian flu, human flu, and H3N2 flu. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] "Contemporary human H3N2 influenza viruses are now endemic in pigs in southern China and can reassort with avian H5N1 viruses in this intermediate host. (wikipedia.org)
H3N2 influenza infection elicits more cross-reactive and less clonally expanded anti-hemagglutinin antibodies than influenza vaccination. (duke.edu)

The present application is drawn to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for preventing and treating influenza virus infection and methods of treating influenza virus infection. (justia.com)
Although vaccination is an important strategy to prevent influenza infection, most of the current vaccines cannot provide immediate protection in the event of influenza pandemics and epidemics due to the length of time required for producing effective vaccines. (justia.com)
Neutralizing antibodies can provide a first line of defense against influenza pathogens and passive immunization with neutralizing MAbs can provide immediate effects to prevent the spread of influenza infection and mortality. (justia.com)
These two MAbs were proven to inhibit virus infection in the post-attachment process rather than inhibition of receptor binding. (justia.com)
Also disclosed herein is a method of treating influenza virus infection in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin and thereby treating said influenza virus infection in said subject. (justia.com)
Additionally, reconstitution of RAG1-deficient mice with natural IgM resulted in delayed morbidity during influenza virus infection. (duke.edu)
Although all antibodies blocked infection, only anti-stalk bNAbs were capable of mediating cytotoxicity of infected cells, which accounts for their FcR dependence. (mssm.edu)
Upon infection and vaccination, titers increased broadly, including previously encountered viruses far beyond the extent of cross-reactivity observed after a primary infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Natural symptomatic and experimental influenza infections resulted in a rise in antibody dependent NK cell activation post-infection to the hemagglutinin of the infecting strain, but changes in NK cell activation to M1 and NP were variable. (edu.au)
Although antibody dependent killing of target cells infected with vaccinia viruses expressing internal influenza proteins was not detected, opsonising antibodies to NP and M1 likely contribute to an antiviral microenvironment by stimulating innate immune cells to secrete cytokines early in infection. (edu.au)
Given the significance of such antibodies in animal models of heterologous influenza infection, the definition of their importance and mechanism of action in human immunity to influenza is essential. (edu.au)
The mAbs recognized the same two major immunodominant haemagglutinin (HA) epitopes targeted by humans, one of which is not recognized by post-infection ferret antisera that are commonly used to monitor virus evolution. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Specificity, kinetics and longevity of antibody responses to avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in humans. (ox.ac.uk)
ObjectivesThe long-term dynamics of antibody responses in patients with influenza A(H7N9) virus infection are not well understood.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal serological follow-up study in patients who were hospitalized with A(H7N9) virus infection, during 2013-2018. (ox.ac.uk)
HAI antibody responses were compared by clinical severity.ResultsOf 67 patients with A(H7N9) virus infection, HAI antibody titers reached 40 on average 11 days after illness onset and peaked at a titer of 290 after three months, and average titers of ≥80 and ≥40 were present until 11 months and 22 months respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
HAI antibody responses were significantly higher in patients who experienced severe disease, including respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome, compared with patients who experienced less severe illness.ConclusionsPatients with A(H7N9) virus infection who survived severe disease mounted higher antibody responses that persisted for longer periods compared with those that experienced moderate disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Our lead compound neutralizes influenza A group 1 viruses by inhibiting HA-mediated fusion in vitro, protects mice against lethal and sublethal influenza challenge after oral administration, and effectively neutralizes virus infection in reconstituted 3D-cell culture of fully differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells. (pharmaceuticsconference.com)
Any human infection by such a virus is a novel influenza virus infection that has the potential to cause a pandemic. (who.int)
Infection with influenza viruses results in a of influenza viruses in particular years. (who.int)
The target of neutralizing antibodies that protect against influenza virus infection is the viral protein HA. (jci.org)
For pandemic influenza vaccination, this suggests that the adjuvant could improve B cell responses by either increasing activation of naïve B cells, or by increasing the activation and adaptation of pre-existing memory B cells generated through infection or immunization with seasonal influenza from earlier years to become specific towards the pandemic strain 11 . (nature.com)
These antibodies help protect your body against infection. (healthline.com)
This virus causes a severe respiratory tract infection in high-risk populations such as elderly people, young children and patients with chronic lung and heart diseases. (omicsonline.org)
Australian researchers have helped develop a new class of influenza drug that tricks the virus by using its own mechanism of infection. (abc.net.au)
Influenza A virus an infection is normally related to acute lung harm, which is usually characterised by tracheal mucosal barrier harm and an interleukin 17A (IL-17A)-mediated inflammatory response in lung tissues. (ncbcs.org)
It is always a great concern when a new flu virus emerges, because the general population does not have immunity and almost everyone is susceptible to infection and disease. (bcm.edu)
Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
Methods: We used generalized additive time series models to estimate the association between weekly counts of laboratory-confirmed influenza infections and weekly rates of total and non-admitted respiratory, infection, cardiovascular and all-cause ED visits in NSW, Australia for the period 2010 through 2014. (who.int)
Results: The estimated all-age, annual influenza-attributable respiratory, infection, cardiovascular and all-cause visit rates/100 000 population/year were, respectively, 120.6 (99.9% confidence interval [CI] 102.3 to 138.8), 79.7 (99.9% CI: 70.6 to 88.9), 14.0 (99.9% CI: 6.8 to 21.3) and 309.0 (99.9% CI: 208.0 to 410.1). (who.int)
Around 1 in 100 total visits and more than 1 in 10 respiratory or infection visits were associated with influenza. (who.int)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)
Flu is a respiratory infection caused by a number of viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
The children who had had a Covid-19 infection had an approximately twofold risk of developing diabetes-related autoantibodies compared to the children that had not been infected by the virus. (lu.se)
Other known active viral or bacterial infection at the time of screening, such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (who.int)

Collectively, these results provide evidence that natural IgM and the early components of the classical pathway of complement work in concert to neutralize influenza virus and that this interaction may have a significant impact on the course of influenza viral pneumonia. (duke.edu)
It is an RNA virus categorized into subtypes based on the type of two proteins on the surface of the viral envelope:[citation needed] H = hemagglutinin, a protein that causes red blood cells to agglutinate. (wikipedia.org)
Further, prophylactic administration of a selected porcine mAb to pigs abolished lung viral load and greatly reduced lung pathology but did not eliminate nasal shedding of virus after H1N1pdm09 challenge. (pirbright.ac.uk)
While seasonal outbreaks are associated with mutation of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein on the viral surface to escape neutralization by antibodies generated in previous exposures, pandemics result from the introduction of completely new viruses into populations, where there is little pre-existing immunity to that virus 2 . (nature.com)
While viral culture and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests have been the gold-standards for detecting influenza, they can be expensive and the turn-around time for results range from one to 10 days. (sciencedaily.com)

MN A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9): Geometric mean of microneutralization (MN) titers against the influenza H7N9 virus A/Anhui/1/2013. (cdc.gov)
Animals that received FluD-Vax (n = 12) developed appreciable titers of neutralizing antibodies against IDV lineage representatives, D/OK and D/660. (cdc.gov)
however, none of these factors accounted for the group-specific differences in antibody titers. (cdc.gov)
Second, because revaccination does not ensure development of higher antibody titers, it is difficult to estimate the potential clinical and public health benefits associated with revaccination. (cdc.gov)
Finally, a recent study of young adults indicated that antibody titers did not differ among groups randomized to receive either recalled or nonrecalled Fluogen{Registered} manufactured for the 1996-97 influenza season (P.A. Gross, S. Sperber, Hackensack University Medical Center, personal communication, 1996). (cdc.gov)
size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to studies, antibody titers of 1:40 or greater have been associated with protection from influenza decision to give AFLURIA QUADRIVALENT should be based on careful consideration of the potential between treatment groups, and most events were mild to moderate in severity. (who.int)
Birth cohort relative to an influenza A virus's antigenic cluster introduction drives patterns of children's antibody titers. (bvsalud.org)

This has led to a growing concern regarding the pandemic potential of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. (justia.com)
Novel influenza viruses have the potential to evolve and gain the ability to spread easily among people and possibly cause a pandemic. (who.int)
While the COVID-19 pandemic has only recently emerged, the FLUVID™ candidate therapy is the result of years of Research and Development at XBiotech, incorporating extraordinary influenza True Human antibodies that have been systematically evaluated for their ability to target virtually all known strains of influenza viruses. (goldea.capital)
used phage display libraries, and surface plasmon resonance to determine binding locations, and affinity of the antibodies produced in response to both adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccines 12 , 13 . (nature.com)
Bird flu viruses are just a few genetic steps away from the flu virus that caused the deadly 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, a new study shows. (abc.net.au)
Scientists are to create mutant forms of the H7N9 bird flu virus that has emerged in China so they can gauge the risk of it becoming a lethal human pandemic. (abc.net.au)
Every few decades or so, a new version of the influenza virus emerges in the human population that causes a serious global outbreak of disease called a pandemic . (bcm.edu)
To date, the avian flu virus has not acquired to ability to spread easily from person to person - a necessary step in order for a virus to cause a pandemic. (bcm.edu)
Measures implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced the incidence of flu dramatically, but in the future doctors may need a rapid test that can tell them which respiratory virus a patient is infected with. (ucsc.edu)
Global Mortality Estimates for the 2009 Influenza Pandemic from the GLaMOR Project: A Modeling Study. (who.int)
Mortality attributable to seasonal and pandemic influenza, Australia, 2003 to 2009, using a novel time series smoothing approach. (who.int)
Schanzer DL, Schwartz B. Impact of seasonal and pandemic influenza on emergency department visits, 2003-2010, Ontario, Canada. (who.int)
The high burden of pneumonia on US emergency departments during the 2009 influenza pandemic. (who.int)
Regional outbreaks (e.g. of Ebola virus disease), the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of future pandemics (such as with a novel flu strain) have and will continue to strain even the most resilient health systems. (who.int)
During the pandemic, not many other viruses were circulating, which allowed us to study the connection between a new virus and the development of diabetes-related autoantibodies. (lu.se)

Disclosed herein are neutralizing antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity and cross-protective effects against divergent stains of influenza virus, which are specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), particularly those having cross-clade neutralizing activity, play a critical role in immunoprotection against various influenza A virus (IAV) infections, particularly those caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus and any future unpredictable virus strains. (justia.com)
Disclosed herein are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza H5N1 strain. (justia.com)
The MAbs recognize the highly conserved HA1 region of H5N1 hemagglutinin and inhibit multiple strains of the H5N1 virus, as well as treated mice infected with a lethal dose of H5N1 viruses of two divergent strains, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents for multivalent prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. (justia.com)
In one embodiment disclosed herein, a neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is provided. (justia.com)
In another embodiment, the epitope has at least 95% or at least 98% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical formulation for neutralizing influenza virus comprising an antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Description: Natural antigen of Influenza A virus subtype H5N1. (glue4u.com)
For example, the H5N1 virus designates an influenza A subtype that has a type 5 hemagglutinin (H) protein and a type 1 neuraminidase (N) protein. (wikipedia.org)
There are reference viruses for seasonal, H5N1 and other influenza viruses. (who.int)
The World Health Organization is concerned about the highly virulent strains of IAV, such as H5N1 avian viruses which has about 60% lethality rate [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Increasing numbers of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A (H5N1) were reported to WHO between 2003 and 2011. (omicsonline.org)
The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)
Due to the geographical location of Sanmenxia, these novel H5N1 viruses also have the potential to be imported to other regions through the migration of wild birds, similar to the H5N1 outbreak amongst migratory birds in Qinghai Lake during 2005. (nature.com)
As of 31 March 2015, H5N1 virus caused at least 826 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 440 deaths across 16 countries 2 . (nature.com)
The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)
Der handelsübliche Influenza A-Schnelltest erfasst das H5N1-Vogelgrippevirus nicht. (medscape.com)
In 2011, H9N2 viruses were observed to be co-circulating and co-infecting the same hosts as H5N1 viruses. (who.int)
Surveillance for avian influenza viruses must continue in Egypt to monitor further developments in H5N1 circulation in poultry. (who.int)
En 2011, on a remarqué que les virus H9N2 circulaient en même temps et co-infectaient les mêmes hôtes que les virus H5N1. (who.int)
Pendant la saison hivernale 2014-2015, le virus H5N1 a considérablement circulé dans les élevages de volailles, entraînant un nombre d'infections sans précédent chez l'homme. (who.int)
La surveillance des virus de la grippe aviaire doit se poursuivre en Égypte afin de déceler les futures évolutions de la circulation du H5N1 dans les populations de volailles. (who.int)
However, the H5N1 virus continued ians collected 2383 cloacal and 1877 ble 1). (who.int)

We explored implications for vaccination and found that the use of an antigenically advanced virus had the dual benefit of inducing antibodies against both advanced and previous antigenic clusters. (ox.ac.uk)
If Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has occurred within 6 weeks of previous influenza vaccination, the TIV-2, respectively, reported unsolicited adverse events. (who.int)
Reactions or Systemic Adverse Events within 7 Days after Administration of the year after vaccination and circulating strains of influenza virus change from year to year. (who.int)
Influenza vaccination is the primary method for preventing influenza and its severe complications. (cdc.gov)
Vaccination is associated with reductions in influenza-related respiratory illness and physician visits among all age groups, hospitalization and death among persons at high risk, otitis media among children, and work absenteeism among adults ( 8--18 ). (cdc.gov)
Despite measures to prevent HPAIV spread by vaccination or the culling of infected birds, several H5 influenza subtypes are already prevalent in Asia, Europe and Africa 4 . (nature.com)

Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein antibody LS-C70626 is an unconjugated mouse monoclonal antibody to influenza virus Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein. (lsbio.com)
In another embodiment, the neutralizing antibody is a monoclonal antibody such as a mouse antibody, a humanized antibody, a chimeric antibody, or a fragment thereof. (justia.com)
Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against Influenza A virus NP for WB, ELISA. (glue4u.com)
Ramucirumab is an anti-VEGFR2 monoclonal antibody used for the therapy of a number of cancers. (ncbcs.org)

Furthermore, these vaccines are limited to one or just a few strains and don't produce highly potent neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive immunity against divergent influenza viruses. (justia.com)
The majority of SAEs occurred after c adverse events listed below reflect experience in both children and adults and include those a causal relation of GBS with subsequent vaccines prepared from other influenza viruses is unclear. (who.int)
Influenza pandemics require rapid deployment of effective vaccines for control. (nature.com)
The capacity to rapidly develop and manufacture effective vaccines in large quantities is key in combating influenza pandemics. (nature.com)
Australian scientists have found that two different vaccines used to control an infectious disease in chickens can recombine to create new lethal virus strains. (abc.net.au)
Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. (duke.edu)
S2 Episode 5: HIV, Primary Care Treatment, and Vaccines Drs Michael S. Saag and David H. Spach discuss HIV and the nuances of primary care treatment, with a special focus on vaccines, including COVID, hepatitis, varicella zoster virus, and mpox. (medscape.com)
There are now vaccines to protect against malaria, dengue and Ebola virus disease, and promising vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus, tuberculosis and all influenza virus strains are in the pipeline. (who.int)
New research on broadly neutralizing antibodies and therapeutic vaccines is opening fresh horizons. (who.int)

New subtype of influenza virus. (who.int)
This difference is large enough to define a new group (i.e. subtype) of influenza viruses. (who.int)
The neutralizing antibody response to influenza virus is thought to be specific for a few antigenically related isolates within a given subtype. (jci.org)
So, for example, a virus with version 1 of the HA protein and version 2 of the NA protein would be called influenza A subtype H1N2 (A H1N2, for short). (bcm.edu)

The virus can be classified into different subtypes based on their surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (justia.com)
F045-092 extends its recognition to divergent subtypes, including H1, H2 and H13, using the enhanced avidity of its IgG to overcome lower-affinity Fab binding, as observed with other antibodies that target the receptor-binding site. (rcsb.org)
It is an RNA virus whose subtypes have been isolated from wild birds. (wikipedia.org)
FI6 is the only known antibody effective against all 16 subtypes of the influenza A virus. (wikipedia.org)
Pigs are natural hosts for the same subtypes of influenza A viruses as humans and integrally involved in virus evolution with frequent interspecies transmissions in both directions. (pirbright.ac.uk)
There are many influenza virus subtypes that naturally infect animals but usually do not infect people. (who.int)
Genetic and antigenic variation in HA has been used to classify influenza viruses into subtypes (H1-H16). (jci.org)
Four mAbs were evaluated in vivo and protected mice from challenge with influenza viruses representative of different subtypes. (jci.org)
Type A influenza is classified into subtypes depending on which versions of two different proteins are present on the surface of the virus. (bcm.edu)
The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)

However, it has been difficult to obtain MAbs which neutralize divergent strains of influenza viruses with sufficient cross-protective immunity. (justia.com)
The True Human antibodies targeting the virus causing COVID-19 were found to effectively neutralize a test virus at concentrations about four-times better than the antibodies the FDA is now considering for emergency use authorization. (goldea.capital)
Antibodies to HA neutralize virus. (powershow.com)
The elicited antibodies share many genetic features with mature bnAbs and have the ability to neutralize one native HIV isolate as well as multiple other HIV isolates that we modified slightly to make them easier to neutralize," added Briney, who served as first author of the study with Sok, Jardine, IAVI and TSRI Staff Scientist Daniel Kulp and TSRI research assistant Patrick Skog. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
We will probably need additional booster immunogens to elicit antibodies that can broadly neutralize native HIV isolates, but our results suggest we are on the right track. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Natural antibody and complement mediate neutralization of influenza virus in the absence of prior immunity. (duke.edu)
We introduce the antibody landscape, a method for the quantitative analysis of antibody-mediated immunity to antigenically variable pathogens, achieved by accounting for antigenic variation among pathogen strains. (ox.ac.uk)
The conserved internal influenza proteins nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix 1 (M1) are well characterised for T cell immunity, but whether they also elicit functional antibodies capable of activating natural killer (NK) cells has not been explored. (edu.au)
These are influenza viruses, which most often will be animal or partly animal influenza viruses, that have infected some people, but the vast majority of people in the world will never have been exposed to them and will have no pre-existing immunity to them. (who.int)
XBiotech currently is advancing a pipeline of therapies based on harnessing naturally occurring antibodies from patients with immunity to certain diseases. (goldea.capital)
XBiotech's True Human™ antibodies are the only available antibodies derived without modification from humans who possess natural immunity to certain diseases. (goldea.capital)
With discovery and clinical programs across multiple disease areas, XBiotech's True Human antibodies have the potential to harness the body's natural immunity to fight disease with increased safety, efficacy and tolerability. (goldea.capital)
Innate and adaptive immunity toward influenza B viruses. (nih.gov)
Novel animal influenza viruses emerge, initiate pandemics, and become endemic seasonal variants that have evolved to escape from prevalent herd immunity. (duke.edu)
Bottom line Influenza virus somehow manages to make frequent minor changes and sudden major changes which permit temporary evasion of a population's immunity. (powershow.com)

We conclude that effector cell activating antibodies to conserved internal influenza proteins are common in healthy and influenza-infected adults. (edu.au)
citation needed] Different influenza viruses encode for different hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. (wikipedia.org)
These viruses have two specifically selected genes for the proteins on the virus surface (typically from the wild-type influenza virus of concern) and six other internal "backbone" genes from another influenza virus (typically A/Puerto Rico/8/34). (who.int)
This term refers to influenza viruses that have surface proteins (haemaggluttinin alone or haemaggluttinin and neuraminidase together) that are very different from those found on existing human influenza viruses. (who.int)
The detection and evaluation of concentration of influenza virus proteins in biological samples is critical in a broad range of medical and biological investigations regarding the concern over potential outbreaks of virulent influenza strains in animals and humans. (omicsonline.org)
This parallel detection of PB1-F2 and NP suggests that applied sensor chip technology may be amenable to an arrow immunosensor for simultaneous detection of all known influenza virus proteins in infected tissues and cells. (omicsonline.org)
Researchers from the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif., examined thousands of proteins in order to identify the antibody. (foxnews.com)

These are influenza viruses that have been found to infect people (and sometimes animals) in nature (i.e. wild-type influenza viruses) and that WHO has selected as representative of important groups of influenza viruses on the basis of extensive antigenic and genetic studies and comparisons with viruses from many countries. (who.int)

Specificity and sensitivity of Anti Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein antibody (IRV006) at 1/6000 dilution. (irealbio.com)

Occasionally, it is transmitted from wild to domestic birds, and this may cause severe disease, outbreaks, or human influenza pandemics. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza virus causes seasonal outbreaks of clinical influenza, and has been responsible for four pandemics over the last 100 years 1 . (nature.com)

The Influenza A virus, which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, can cause influenza in humans, birds or domesticated food animals. (justia.com)
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a pathogen that causes the flu in birds and some mammals, including humans. (wikipedia.org)
There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
Type B influenza is normally found only in humans, and type C is mostly found in humans, but has also been found in pigs and dogs. (bcm.edu)
This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
Viruses are also transmitted between pigs and humans, and from poultry to humans. (powershow.com)

These results suggest that FcR binding capacity by anti-HA antibodies was dependent on the interaction of the cognate Fab with antigen. (mssm.edu)
15-AE-320520-1 Product Type: Antibody Antigen: Zaire ebolavirus nucleoprotein (NP) Accession ID: AF086833.2 Ebola Mayinga, Zaire 1976 Molecular Weight: 80 kDa Isotype: IgG1 Clonality: Monoclonal Clone Name: 1 E6. (bioscience-explained.org)
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have developed a novel chip-based antigen test that can provide ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A, the viruses that cause COVID-19 and flu, respectively. (ucsc.edu)
The new chip-based antigen test is not only highly sensitive, but also enables simultaneous testing for multiple viruses from one sample. (ucsc.edu)

This co-immunoprecipitation protocol allows to study the interaction between the influenza A virus nucleoprotein and the antiviral Mx1 protein in human cells. (jove.com)
During screening (or within 24 hours prior to or after randomization), locally available COVID-19 drugs with antiviral effects (including but not limited to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, molnupiravir, favipiravir, monoclonal antibodies) will be permitted. (who.int)

Global concerns regarding novel influenza A (H7N9) virus infections. (cdc.gov)
[ 6 ] These decreased antibody responses probably account for the increased susceptibility to infections in children with THI. (medscape.com)
AUSTIN, Texas, Nov. 19, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) - XBiotech Inc. (NASDAQ: XBIT) announced today new data for its breakthrough candidate therapy for treating infections of influenza and COVID-19. (goldea.capital)
The latest research findings suggest the FLUVID™ therapy, designed to be effective against all known strains of influenza in addition to the COVID-19 virus, could provide a uniquely effective therapy for treating complex infections from one or more of these viruses. (goldea.capital)
There is no other therapy available to treat both COVID-19 and Influenza infections that occur together. (goldea.capital)
A therapy that could treat COVID-19+Influenza co-infections is urgently needed. (goldea.capital)
Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
In 2006, a Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus re-emerged in Qinghai Lake and caused more infections in wild birds, including bar-headed geese and great black-headed gulls. (nature.com)
Dealing With Avian and Variant Influenza A Infections The CDC's Tim Uyeki, MD, discusses trends in avian influenza A and variant influenza A viruses, as well as guidance on prevention and treatment. (medscape.com)

Guided by structural knowledge of the interactions and mechanism of anti-stem broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) CR6261, CR9114 and FI6v3, we selected and optimized molecules that effectively mimic the bnAb functionality. (pharmaceuticsconference.com)

THI is characterized by decreased serum IgG with or without decreased immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels less than 2 standard deviations (SDs) from age-adjusted reference range levels in infants older than 6 months of age in the first years of life but with normal to near-normal antibody responses to protein immunizations. (medscape.com)
Abnormalities of T-cell help have been identified as a cause of THI, but recent studies suggest that THI may be an intrinsic B-cell defect with abnormal antibody responses, especially to Streptococcus pneumoniae , respiratory viruses, and Haemophilus influenzae type B. (medscape.com)
Antibody responses to protein immunizations are readily detected in THI, although responses may be lower than healthy controls. (medscape.com)
In the author's studies, antibody responses to bacterial polysaccharide antigens ( S pneumoniae immunizations) were decreased. (medscape.com)
Numerous subsequent studies have confirmed that antibody responses to both conjugated and unconjugated S pneumoniae and conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type B immunizations are decreased. (medscape.com)
[ 5 , 9 ] have identified 3 patterns of antibody responses in patients with low IgG and IgA levels in early infancy. (medscape.com)
A(H7N9) virus-specific antibody responses were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralization (NT) assays. (ox.ac.uk)
A random intercept model was used to fit a curve to HAI antibody responses over time. (ox.ac.uk)
Allo-Specific Humoral Responses: New Methods for Screening Donor-Specific Antibody and Characterization of HLA-Specific Memory B Cells. (duke.edu)

ABSTRACT To better understand the annual distribution of influenza virus in our country, we isolated and typed 45 viruses from 1043 patients with acute respiratory illnesses in a 10-year study conducted by the National Influenza Centre of the Islamic Republic of Iran The seasonal distribution of influenza typically ran from November to April. (who.int)
ABSTRACT Surveillance for avian influenza viruses in Egyptian poultry has been conducted since 2009. (who.int)

Influenza therapeutics with new targets and mechanisms of action are urgently needed to combat potential new pandemics, emerging viruses, and constantly mutating circulating strains. (pharmaceuticsconference.com)
Influenza viruses also can cause pandemics, during which rates of illness and death from influenza-related complications can increase worldwide. (cdc.gov)

Approved respiratory specimens vary among FDA cleared influenza assays. (cdc.gov)
Some approved rapid influenza diagnostic assays utilize an analyzer reader device. (cdc.gov)
We studied NP and M1-specific ADCC activity using biochemical, NK cell activation and killing assays with plasma from healthy and influenza-infected subjects. (edu.au)

A new study has put the accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) under the microscope. (sciencedaily.com)
A new study conducted by researchers from McGill University, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, has put the accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) under the microscope. (sciencedaily.com)

Influenza type A viruses can infect people, birds, pigs, horses, and other animals, but wild birds are the natural hosts for these viruses. (irealbio.com)
Two lineages of influenza D virus (IDV) have been found to infect cattle and promote bovine respiratory disease complex, one of the most commonly diagnosed causes of morbidity and mortality within the cattle industry. (cdc.gov)
Influenza B and C are human viruses do not infect birds. (powershow.com)

The main variants named using this convention are:[citation needed] Bird flu Human flu Swine influenza Equine influenza Canine influenza Bat influenza Variants have also sometimes been named according to their deadliness in poultry, especially chickens:[citation needed] Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), also called deadly flu or death flu Most known strains are extinct strains. (wikipedia.org)
Novel influenza viruses are not variants of existing human influenza viruses. (who.int)
As influenza viruses evolve, the more recent viruses can be considered variants of older related influenza viruses. (who.int)

In lungs of infected mice, the influenza virus structural nucleoprotein NP was detected in parallel using a specific anti-NP antibody. (omicsonline.org)
Mice studies echoed the same results, with Co5 preventing influenza in mice. (foxnews.com)

Influenza serological testing of stored sera from NHANES 2010 collection, across all age groups, were used in this study to determine the population level of cross reactive antibodies to avian influenza A (H7N9) virus and related influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)

Influenza A virus is the only species of the genus Alphainfluenzavirus of the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. (wikipedia.org)

Furthermore, this virus was shown to be highly pathogenic to both birds and mammals and demonstrate tropism for the nervous system. (nature.com)
Wild aquatic birds are the main reservoir of influenza A viruses. (powershow.com)

15-980-110-PHM Type: Antibody Species Reactivity: Bacteria Host/Isotype: Mouse / IgG2b Class: Monoclonal Clone: 1079/83 Immunogen: Native protein, NCTC 7279. (bioscience-explained.org)

The researchers studied the development of diabetes-related autoantibodies and antibodies against the coronavirus in 885 children in Germany, Poland, Sweden, and Great Britain, aged four months old and two years old during the period of April 2018 until June 2022. (lu.se)

Approved clinical specimens vary by influenza test. (cdc.gov)

A single acute serum specimen for seasonal influenza serology is uninterpretable and should not be collected. (cdc.gov)
Serological testing for detection of antibodies to seasonal influenza viruses is useful for research studies and requires collection of appropriately timed acute and convalescent serum specimens and testing of paired sera at specialized research or public health laboratories. (cdc.gov)
Results demonstrated that the classical pathway of complement mediated serum neutralization of influenza virus. (duke.edu)
The Antibodies Against The Influenza Virus reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (glue4u.com)

Early control of virus replication by the innate immune response is essential to allow time for the generation of a more effective adaptive immune response. (duke.edu)
Unlike all commercially available antibodies, which are called "Humanized" or "Fully Human", XBiotech's True Human™ antibodies are directly sourced from the natural human immune response for specific diseases without modification, and thereby have not been shown to cause immunogenicity. (goldea.capital)
Body basics Colds and flu are caused by viruses, but symptoms like runny noses, sore throat, fever and green mucus, are actually caused by a handful of chemicals in our own immune systems. (abc.net.au)
Scientists have just got a clearer picture of the defences used by a key flu virus to evade our immune system. (abc.net.au)
The new studies, published Sept. 8, 2016, in the journals Cell and Science, showed the immune system can be prompted to mimic and accelerate a rare natural process during which antibodies slowly evolve to become better and better at targeting the constantly mutating HIV virus. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
One strategy to accomplish this, which scientists at TSRI have dubbed the "reductionist" strategy, is to find which antibody mutations are most important for making them effective against HIV, then to "prime" the immune system to start making antibody precursors. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Serologic (antibody detection) testing is not recommended for routine patient diagnosis and cannot inform clinical management. (cdc.gov)
The as-fabricated Au NP films were further applied to the colorimetric detection of influenza virus. (nature.com)
This illustration shows the setup of the optofluidic chip for rapid detection of single antigens of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A. (Image credit: Stambaugh et al. (ucsc.edu)

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 2015;9:13-21. (who.int)

The selected H7N9 virus target was A/Anhui/1/2013. (cdc.gov)

Here we generated pig influenza-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from H1N1pdm09 infected pigs. (pirbright.ac.uk)

The neuraminidase, on the other hand, is critical for the subsequent release of the daughter virus particles created within the infected cell so they can spread to other cells. (wikipedia.org)

Influenza type A viruses are very similar in structure to influenza viruses types B, C, and D. The virus particle (also called the virion) is 80-120 nanometers in diameter such that the smallest virions adopt an elliptical shape. (wikipedia.org)

Influenza reference viruses are used to make antibodies, which are used by national and other laboratories to identify recent influenza viruses. (who.int)
The immunogens were tested in a mouse model, developed by the Nemazee lab, which was engineered to have the genes (the raw materials) to make antibodies with the right mutations to target the CD4 binding site. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

We report here on discovery and structural characterization of potent peptidic and non-peptidic small-molecule inhibitors against influenza hemagglutinin (HA). (pharmaceuticsconference.com)

2 ]. Influenza viruses have a major impact ical and serological investigations over a on morbidity in hospitalizations. (who.int)
Inaccurate ascertainment of morbidity and mortality due to influenza in administrative databases: a population-based record linkage study. (who.int)

Because H7N9 is a novel influenza virus and currently there are not infected cases identified in US, a cut off value has not been determined. (cdc.gov)
Novel influenza viruses. (who.int)

Epidemics of influenza typically occur during the winter months in temperate regions and have been responsible for an average of approximately 36,000 deaths/year in the United States during 1990--1999 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Influenza virus Influenza history Historical records indicate flu-like epidemics throughout recorded history. (powershow.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms62

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes52

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care15

Geographicals3

Vaccine49

H1N116

H3N211

Infection34

Viral5

Titers7

Pandemic15

H5N124

Vaccination6

Monoclonal antibody4

Vaccines9

Subtype4

Subtypes10

Neutralize5

Immunity10

Proteins7

Antigenic1

Specificity1

Outbreaks2

Humans6

Antigen4

Antiviral2

Infections9

Broadly neutralizi1

Responses9

Abstract2

Pandemics2

Assays3

Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests2

Infect3

Variants3

Mice2

Cross reactive antibodies1

Orthomyxoviridae1

Birds2

Reactivity1

20221

Approved clinical1

Serum4

Immune6

Detection3

Respiratory viruses1

Selected H7N9 virus1

Pigs1

Neuraminidase1

Type A viruses1

Make antibodies2

Characterization1

Morbidity2

Novel influenza2

Epidemics2