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DeficiencyDeamination of adenosineAntigenProteinEnzymePurineSerumExtracellular adenosineADA2GeneDeoxyadenosineLymphocytesDADA2AntiphospholipidReceptorsConjugateImmunogenImmuneLevelsViralCatalogBreakdownTestChronicDiseases

Deficiency15

• Deficiency of Adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic disease associated with systemic inflammation and vasculopathy that affects a wide variety of organs in different patients. (wikipedia.org)
• Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is an inherited disorder that damages the immune system and causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). (medlineplus.gov)
• Adenosine deaminase deficiency is very rare and is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 200,000 to 1,000,000 newborns worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
• Adenosine deaminase deficiency is caused by mutations in the ADA gene. (medlineplus.gov)
• Adenosine deaminase deficiency: unanticipated benefits from the study of a rare immunodeficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
• Autologous Ex Vivo Lentiviral Gene Therapy for Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency. (nih.gov)
• Genetic testing for adenosine deaminase deficiency was negative. (medscape.com)
• Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme of the purine salvage pathway as is adenosine deaminase, deficiency of which also causes immunodeficiency. (frontiersin.org)
• Adenosine deaminase deficiency (DADA2) is characterized by monogenic vasculitis driven by a biallelic mutation in the ADA2 gene. (news-medical.net)
• INTRODUCTION - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency (MIM #102700) was the first immunodeficiency in which the specific molecular defect was identified. (medilib.ir)
• See "Adenosine deaminase deficiency: Treatment and prognosis" and "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency" . (medilib.ir)
• When T-cell deficiency is especially severe or involves the T-helper cell function, the deficiency causes an antibody deficiency. (medscape.com)
• Deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) elevates intracellular levels of deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine, respectively. (medscape.com)
• Awarded to GlaxoSmithKline's rare diseases division responsible for developing Strimvelis, a medicine used to treat adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. (bps.ac.uk)
• Another form of the disorder is due to a deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase. (msdmanuals.com)

Deamination of adenosine2

• Biological Function Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and 2-deoxyadenosine (PubMed:8452534, PubMed:16670267). (qedbio.com)
• It catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine, which are converted to waste products and excreted. (medilib.ir)

Antigen1

• in most applications the substance in question serves as antigen, both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance. (theodora.com)

Protein7

• The protein product of this gene, adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2), is an extracellular enzyme that breaks down adenosine and may also serve as a growth factor. (wikipedia.org)
• The evaluation also revealed normal or negative tests for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA), antiphospholipid antibody panel, complement levels (C3, C4), serum and urine protein electrophoresis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) screening, viral hepatitis panel, and tests for cryoglobulins and cold agglutinins. (medscape.com)
• Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have elevated amounts of NETs in their blood, which are correlated with levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and other systemic inflammatory markers. (news-medical.net)
• Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) is a protein responsible for the breakdown of extracellular adenosine and is primarily expressed by myeloid cells. (news-medical.net)
• Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a protein produced by body cells and is associated with lymphocyte activation. (thyrocare.com)
• Peg linkers have become widely used in pharmacological and biotechnological R&D such as antibody drug conjugates , nanoparticle drug delivery , biotinylation , PEGylated protein drugs and small molecule drugs . (broadpharm.com)
• It is comprised of the protein Adenosine Deaminase that has 11-17 PEG 5K chains attached to the lysine groups of the protein. (broadpharm.com)

Enzyme6

• Background Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine catabolic enzyme which irreversibly deaminates adenosine and deoxyadenosine. (qedbio.com)
• This gene provides instructions for producing the enzyme adenosine deaminase. (medlineplus.gov)
• The function of the adenosine deaminase enzyme is to eliminate a molecule called deoxyadenosine, which is generated when DNA is broken down. (medlineplus.gov)
• One cause of SCID is a mutation in the gene for an enzyme called adenosine deaminase (ADA). (nih.gov)
• ADA2 is another enzyme that has partial structural homology with ADA1 and is able to convert adenosine and 2-deoxyadenosine, albeit at a much lower affinity. (medilib.ir)
• This enzyme breaks down a toxic substance in white blood cells, If there is not enough adenosine deaminase, the toxic substance builds up, killing the white blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Purine2

• Plays an important role in purine metabolism and in adenosine homeostasis. (qedbio.com)
• PNP, with adenosine deaminase (ADA), is part of the purine salvage pathway. (frontiersin.org)

Serum1

• They have poor antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens but elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) with low levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM). (medscape.com)

Extracellular adenosine1

• Modulates signaling by extracellular adenosine, and so contributes indirectly to cellular signaling events. (qedbio.com)

ADA21

• citation needed] ADA2 catalyzes the reaction of adenosine to inosine and 2'deoxyadenosine in the blood. (wikipedia.org)

Gene2

• Mutations in the ADA gene reduce or eliminate the activity of adenosine deaminase and allow the buildup of deoxyadenosine to levels that are toxic to lymphocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
• Recently, loss-of-function mutations, in the gene (CECR1) encoding Adenosine Deaminase 2, were found to be related to a familial vasculopathy syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)

Deoxyadenosine3

• Adenosine deaminase converts deoxyadenosine, which can be toxic to lymphocytes, to another molecule called deoxyinosine that is not harmful. (medlineplus.gov)
• In the absence of functional ADA, there is systemic accumulation of adenosine and deoxyadenosine. (medilib.ir)
• Adenosine and deoxyadenosine are also converted to 5'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), which inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents de novo synthesis of nucleotides and deoxynucleotides. (medilib.ir)

Lymphocytes3

• Traditionally, B cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for antibody production via maturation into plasma cells (ie, humoral immunity), and T cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for killing other cells or organisms (ie, cellular immunity). (medscape.com)
• resulting in low levels of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and low or no T cells (lymphocytes). (msdmanuals.com)
• Contrary to the reactions of antibodies that cause immediate hypersensitivity, delayed hypersensitivity is caused by reactions of the lymphocytes. (medicalhealthtests.com)

DADA21

• While patients with vascular-predominant disease typically have only mild deficiencies in these areas, most DADA2 patients display deficiencies in IgG and IgM antibody production as well as overall poor B cell function. (wikipedia.org)

Antiphospholipid7

• as part of an evaluation for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome , as part of the evaluation of patients with connective tissue disease. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
• Antiphospholipid antibody tests are immune proteins ( antibodies ) directed against phospholipids. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
• When antiphospholipid antibodies are produced, they interfere with the clotting process in a way that is not fully understood. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
• Antiphospholipid antibodies are also associated with thrombocytopenia (low platelets) and with the risk of recurrent miscarriages (especially in the 2nd and 3rd trimester), premature labour, and pre-eclampsia . (labtestsonline.org.uk)
• Antiphospholipid antibodies are frequently seen with autoimmune disorders such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) . (labtestsonline.org.uk)
• Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) , also called Hughes syndrome, is a recognised group of signs and symptoms that includes the formation of thrombi (blood clots), recurrent miscarriages, thrombocytopenia, and the presence of one or more antiphospholipid antibodies. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
• There are two types of tests that are used to detect antiphospholipid antibodies. (labtestsonline.org.uk)

Receptors3

• Acts as a positive modulator of adenosine receptors ADORA1 and ADORA2A, by enhancing their ligand affinity via conformational change (PubMed:23193172). (qedbio.com)
• These effects are mediated by the adenosine G portein-coupled receptors. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
• All four adenosine receptors are expressed on the surface of mouse invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)

Conjugate1

• The design of the linker can significantly affect the potency, selectivity, and the pharmacokinetics of an antibody-drug conjugate. (broadpharm.com)

Immunogen1

• Application: Serological studies of influenza A virus, immunogen for antibody production. (researchd.com)

Immune4

• SYN: group i.. humoral i. i. associated with circulating antibodies, in contradistinction to cellular i.. infection i. the paradoxical immune status in which resistance to reinfection coincides with the persistence of the original infection. (theodora.com)
• Adenosine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on a number of immune cells types. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
• It is still believed to be an immune complex-mediated disease, although a possible mechanism recently proposed relates a familial form of the disease to impaired activity of Adenosine Deaminase 2. (biomedcentral.com)
• Antibodies One of the body's lines of defense ( immune system) involves white blood cells (leukocytes) that travel through the bloodstream and into tissues, searching for and attacking microorganisms and. (msdmanuals.com)

Levels1

• Adenosine deaminase levels (7 U/L) were within the normal range. (ijpmonline.org)

Viral1

• Stimulates both the release and infectivity of HIV-1 viral particles by an editing-dependent mechanism where it associates with viral RNAs and edits adenosines in the 5'UTR and the Rev and Tat coding sequence. (thermofisher.com)

Catalog1

• The following product was used in this experiment: ADAR Monoclonal Antibody (4E2B5) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-31609, RRID AB_2787233. (thermofisher.com)

Breakdown1

• It is needed for the breakdown of adenosine from food and for the turnover of nucleic acids in tissues. (qedbio.com)

Test2

• This test measures the amount of adenosine deaminase in pleural fluid. (thyrocare.com)
• The first is the test for cardiolipin or beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies. (labtestsonline.org.uk)

Chronic1

• Awarded to the team at Roche responsible for the development of obinutuzumab, based on high unmet need and novelty as the first glycoengineered, type 2 anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (bps.ac.uk)

Diseases1

• In converse, some diseases appear to primarily involve the T cells and do not appear to affect antibody production. (medscape.com)