Monoclonal antibodiesCluster of differentiatAffinityMoleculeTransgenicAutoantibodiesProteinImmune cellsTransplantationEfficacyMotifEndothelialEntersSpecificityCloselyTumor cellsCellsLigandComplementStronglyXenograftsSubsequentlyClinicalVascularVaccinationPigsAllograftCellTargetAcuteOrgansVirusesNaturalKidneysOrganGenePatientsRoleRiskSignificantStudyImpactSurvivalImportantOrderPotential
Monoclonal antibodies4
- Two monoclonal antibodies, eculizumab and ravulizumab, are approved for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with atypical HUS. (medscape.com)
- Cancer immunotherapies can be divided into four major categories: - Cytokines/immunomodulation agents - Monoclonal antibodies - Cell‑based therapies - Oncolytic viruses Though monoclonal antibodies currently represent the largest class of commercialized cancer immunotherapies, cell‑based therapies are rapidly making headway. (technologynetworks.com)
- The biologically active small molecule drugs are coupled to monoclonal antibodies through linkers. (cusabio.com)
- Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are localized to the surface of tumor cells via the specificity and targeting of tumor cell-associated antigens. (cusabio.com)
Cluster of differentiat1
- Selectin P ligand , also known as SELPLG or CD162 ( cluster of differentiation 162), is a human gene . (wikidoc.org)
Affinity5
- SELPLG codes for PSGL-1, the high affinity counter-receptor for P-selectin on myeloid cells and stimulated T lymphocytes. (wikidoc.org)
- PSGL-1 can bind to all three members of the family but binds best (with the highest affinity) to P-selectin. (wikidoc.org)
- Whether an antibody can be internalized is mainly determined by the target, and the efficiency of antibody internalization is closely related to the antigen density, antibody affinity, and antibody and antigen-binding epitopes. (cusabio.com)
- [5] TACI binds worst since its affinity is higher for a protein similar to BAFF, called a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). (wikidoc.org)
- Donor-specific antibodies bind with high affinity to the vascular endothelium of graft and activate complement . (wikidoc.org)
Molecule1
- The virus CD46 molecule is the cellular receptor. (bestessaywriters.com)
Transgenic2
- 00:05:18.07 In the 1990s, the first transgenic pigs were made that express human complement regulatory proteins, 00:05:24.22 and that, combined with immunosuppress. (ibiology.org)
- To study how humoral tolerance is normally maintained to organ-specific membrane antigens, transgenic mice were generated selectively expressing membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) on the thyroid epithelium. (silverchair.com)
Autoantibodies3
- Graves' Disease results from the production of autoantibodies against receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid epithelial cells, and represents the prototype for numerous autoimmune diseases caused by autoantibodies that bind to organ-specific cell membrane antigens. (silverchair.com)
- For example, production of autoantibodies that bind to and stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor cause the thyrotoxicosis of Graves' Disease, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is thought to inhibit thyroid function and promote complement deposition and thyroid destruction ( 2 ). (silverchair.com)
- Of note, various autoantibodies against ganglioside antigens have been identified and found to have significant associations with the axonal forms of GBS and Fisher syndrome. (afpm.org.my)
Protein9
- The H protein targets the cellular receptors of the CD46 and CD150. (bestessaywriters.com)
- This is attributable to the cell-mediated memory that causes the creation of neutralising antibodies that target the H protein of the measles virus (Walsh, 2011). (bestessaywriters.com)
- We have previously shown that a prefusion (preF) conformation-stabilized RSV F protein antigen and an adenoviral vector encoding RSV preF protein (Ad26.RSV.preF) are immunogenic and protective in animals when administered as single components. (bvsalud.org)
- RSV is divided into two antigenic subtypes, RSV A and RSV B, which is largely based on the variation in the G protein, while the fusion protein F is more conserved and a target for antibody-mediated neutralization. (bvsalud.org)
- Similarly, induction of cross-neutralizing antibodies was observed after immunization with Ad26-encoded preF, preF protein or a mix of both (Ad26/preF protein) in RSV pre-exposed mice and African Green Monkeys. (bvsalud.org)
- Transfer of serum of human subjects immunized with Ad26/preF protein into cotton rats provide protection against challenges with both RSV A and RSV B, with complete protection against both strains observed in the lower respiratory tract. (bvsalud.org)
- These results collectively show that the RSV A-based monovalent Ad26/preF protein vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies, as well as protection against both RSV A and RSV B subtypes in animals, including by passive transfer of human antibodies alone, suggesting that clinical efficacy against both subtypes can be achieved. (bvsalud.org)
- Now, CUSABIO provides recombinant DT3C protein with high purity to fuel ADC development. (cusabio.com)
- B-cell activating factor ( BAFF ) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene . (wikidoc.org)
Immune cells2
- This stress condition can also lead to the attraction of immune cells, notably antigen presenting cells (APCs) (i.e. immature dendritic cells), natural killer cells (NK cells), and cytotoxic T-cells to the site of infection [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- This class of personalized therapies involves collecting immune cells from an individual, engineering them to recognize and kill cancer cells, before culturing, and reintroducing them into the same individual. (technologynetworks.com)
Transplantation8
- Even more studies followed Joseph Murray's first successful renal transplantation in 1954 and scientists, facing the ethical questions of organ donation for the first time, accelerated their effort in looking for alternatives to human organs. (wikipedia.org)
- 00:01:46.28 Most of the field feels that pigs would be the most desirable organ source for human transplantation 00:01:55.23 for a number of reasons, which I'll come back to. (ibiology.org)
- 00:04:13.00 And so they're actually a good size for organ transplantation to human, 00:04:19.26 because they're closer to our size, rather than the thousand pounds that a regular pig can grow to. (ibiology.org)
- Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of nonhuman tissues or organs into human recipients. (medscape.com)
- In light of the lack of supply of human organs for transplantation, several alternatives have been investigated and debated. (medscape.com)
- Additionally, organs from animal sources could be transplanted into patients currently excluded from the human organ transplantation list. (medscape.com)
- Finally, most patients perceive xenotransplantation as an acceptable bridge to transplantation of human organs in life-threatening situations. (medscape.com)
- 8 , 11 - 14 Numerous stimuli can drive the activation of the complement system, including apoptotic debris, pathogens, and antibody-antigen complexes, in addition to ischemia-reperfusion injuries associated with organ transplantation. (jrheum.org)
Efficacy4
- Immunization of naïve cotton rats with preF subunit or preF encoded by a replication incompetent Adenoviral 26, induced antibodies capable of neutralizing recent RSV A and RSV B clinical isolates, as well as protective efficacy against a challenge with RSV A and RSV B strains. (bvsalud.org)
- In this study, we explored directly the protective efficacy of human antibodies elicited by Ad26.COV2.S vaccination by adoptive transfer studies. (bvsalud.org)
- As mentioned before, whether the antibodies in ADC drugs can be internalized is an important factor in the evaluation of drug efficacy. (cusabio.com)
- With increasingly high therapeutic efficacy being achieved recent years and owing to the unique features such as specific tumor tropism, low cytotoxicity against normal cells, OVT has been inviting a great attention as an ideal weapon against cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Motif1
- In this issue, Luptak and colleagues reveal that this ΦQ motif is a C-terminal degron recognized by the E3 ligase TRIM7. (mdpi.com)
Endothelial1
- The role of an intact endothelial barrier in sequestering organ-specific antigens from circulating preimmune B cells is discussed. (silverchair.com)
Enters1
- Upon binding to antigen, ADC-antigen complex enters cells through endocytosis (also called internalization). (cusabio.com)
Specificity1
- By the genetic recombination the viruses were conferred with high specificity against tumor cells without targeting normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Closely1
- The organization of the SELPLG gene closely resembles that of CD43 and the human platelet glycoprotein GpIb-alpha both of which have an intron in the 5-prime-noncoding region, a long second exon containing the complete coding region, and TATA-less promoters. (wikidoc.org)
Tumor cells1
- Patient derived xenografts are created by xenotransplantation of human tumor cells into immunocompromised mice, and is a research technique frequently used in pre-clinical oncology research. (wikipedia.org)
Cells3
- citation needed] Xenotransplantation is an artificial method of creating an animal-human chimera, that is, a human with a subset of animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Virus-based immunostimulatory cytokine and chemokine expression can recruit and activate T cells, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and natural killer (NK) cells, and subsequently, improve the therapeutic activity of OVs. (biomedcentral.com)
- used DT3C as a tool to screen an anti-Mucin 13 monoclonal antibody targeting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells [2] . (cusabio.com)
Ligand1
- [4] BAFF is the natural ligand of three unusual tumor necrosis factor receptors named BAFF-R (BR3), TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), and BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), all of which have differing binding affinities for it. (wikidoc.org)
Complement1
- 10 Differentiating between a primary complement-mediated process and one triggered by secondary factors is critical since the former is nonresponsive to supportive therapy and has a high risk of recurrence. (jrheum.org)
Strongly1
- Our cell cultures were strongly positive for CD46, CD47, CD56 and CD63 and were also strongly positive for some markers never described before in mesothelioma cell lines, including CD55, CD90 and CD99. (biomedcentral.com)
Xenografts1
- These include, but are not limited to, (1) preventing hyperacute rejection, (2) preventing acute vascular rejection, (3) facilitating immune accommodation, (4) inducing immune tolerance, (5) preventing the transmission of viruses from xenografts into humans, and (6) addressing the ethical issues surrounding animal sources for xenografts and the appropriate selection of recipients (given that xenotransplantation remains experimental). (medscape.com)
Subsequently2
- Researchers subsequently recognized the etiologic link between TTP and congenital deficiencies of ADAMTS13 or formation of acquired antibodies to ADAMTS13. (medscape.com)
- 00:02:33.01 As it happens, old-world monkeys, and subsequently humans, have a mutation in this enzyme gene 00:02:41.10 and therefore don't make this epitope. (ibiology.org)
Clinical3
- The discovery of immunoglobulin G anti-GQ1b antibodies in patients with Fisher syndrome and later in Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis was crucial in providing the necessary evidence to conclude that both conditions were in fact part of the same spectrum of disease by virtue of their common clinical and immunological profiles. (afpm.org.my)
- In this article, we discuss the different clinical presentations in GBS and the role of antiganglioside antibodies in their underlying pathogenesis. (afpm.org.my)
- Belimumab (Benlysta) is a monoclonal antibody developed by Human Genome Sciences and GlaxoSmithKline , with significant discovery input by Cambridge Antibody Technology , which specifically recognizes and inhibits the biological activity of B-Lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and is in clinical trials for treatment of Systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. (wikidoc.org)
Vascular1
- Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous vascular disease of the human pregnancy that presents in a previously normotensive woman during the second half of the pregnancy with hypertension and proteinuria, or preeclampsia-associated signs in the absence of proteinuria ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Vaccination2
- In contrast, almost no protection against RSV A and B infection was observed after the transfer of a human serum pool isolated pre-vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies, elicited either by natural infection or vaccination, have emerged as potential correlates of protection. (bvsalud.org)
Pigs3
- A continuing concern is that many animals, such as pigs, have a shorter lifespan than humans, meaning that their tissues age at a quicker rate. (wikipedia.org)
- 00:01:59.26 However, pigs, and most mammalian species, and also non-mammalian species, in fact, 00:02:07.05 express an antigen that is quite ubiquitous and that causes. (ibiology.org)
- 9,10] Organs from pigs have been the focus of much of the research in xenotransplantation, in part because of the public acceptance of killing pigs and the physiologic similarities between pigs and human and nonhuman primates. (medscape.com)
Allograft1
- It is common for patients and physicians to use the term "allograft" imprecisely to refer to either allograft (human-to-human) or xenograft (animal-to-human), but it is helpful scientifically (for those searching or reading the scientific literature) to maintain the more precise distinction in usage. (wikipedia.org)
Cell6
- In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic material from a human and an animal is called a human-animal hybrid. (wikipedia.org)
- Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)
- Our work was aimed to establish from fresh human pleural mesothelioma samples cell cultures maintaining tumorigenic properties. (biomedcentral.com)
- The primary cell cultures, obtained from four human pleural mesotheliomas, were expanded in vitro in a low serum proliferation-permissive medium and the expression of different markers as well as the tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice was evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
- By real time PCR we found that our cell lines expressed high mRNA levels of typical mesothelioma markers as mesothelin (MSLN) and calretinin (CALB2), and of BMI-1, a stemness marker, and DKK1, a potent Wingless [WNT] inhibitor. (biomedcentral.com)
- These results provide evidence that tolerance is not actively acquired to organ-specific antigens in the preimmune B cell repertoire, underscoring the importance of maintaining tolerance to such antigens by other mechanisms. (silverchair.com)
Target1
- Different antibodies to the same target will also show different internalization efficiencies. (cusabio.com)
Acute1
- [ 1 ] HUS is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children and is increasingly recognized in adults. (medscape.com)
Organs1
- The concept was pioneered a century ago, when transplanting human organs was considered ethically controversial. (medscape.com)
Viruses3
- This genus of single-stranded negative sense enveloped RNA viruses causes relevant diseases (like measles or canine distemper) in human and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
- Originally, viruses were known as the cause of human diseases, including some cancers [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- It was not until early 1950s that the potential of viruses as anti-cancer agents had been recognized and applied [ 7 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Natural2
- 00:02:57.26 These are called natural antibodies because they're there without any known exposure 00:03:04.02 to a pig or any anything else, but nevertheless they're present in all human sera. (ibiology.org)
- 00:05:08.18 In the 1980s, immunoabsorption procedures were developed to get rid of natural antibodies, 00:05:15.16 and that prolonged graft survivals to hours. (ibiology.org)
Kidneys1
- The first transplant of a non-genetically modified pig's heart, lungs and kidneys into a human was performed in Sonapur, Assam in India in mid-December 1996, and was announced in January 1997. (wikipedia.org)
Organ1
- Human xenotransplantation offers a potential treatment for end-stage organ failure, a significant health problem in parts of the industrialized world. (wikipedia.org)
Gene1
- Human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) is considered as one of the most prevalent nuclear imaging reporter transgenes that provides precise information regarding the kinetics of gene expression, viral biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic outcomes using the accumulation of radiotracers at the site of transgene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients1
- Lower level of BAFF transcripts (or a higher level of soluble BAFF) show a higher risk of producing donor-specific antibodies in the investigated patients. (wikidoc.org)
Role1
- In order to further verify the role of DT3C in the detection of the internalization efficiency of ADC antibodies, in 2015, Miki Yamaguchi et al . (cusabio.com)
Risk1
- Workers in the shipyard industry, insulation workers, construction workers, and asbestos miners and manufacturers seem to be at highest risk for developing the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Significant1
- Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. (mdpi.com)
Study2
- This study suggests that Ad26.COV2.S-elicited antibodies in humans are mechanistically involved in protection against SARS-CoV-2. (bvsalud.org)
- Their study has also revealed that, compared with mAb-Mab-ZAP, mAb-DT3C mimics antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with these features, including easy preparation, molecular weight stability and high efficiency of antibody internalization [1] . (cusabio.com)
Impact1
- We also discuss the impact that antiganglioside antibodies have had in the development of experimental models and treatment modalities in GBS. (afpm.org.my)
Survival1
- The median survival is significantly longer in those with higher KPS and DS-GPA. (preprints.org)
Important1
- An important question, however, is whether vaccine-elicited antibodies in humans provide direct, functional protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease. (bvsalud.org)
Order1
- In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. (mdpi.com)
Potential1
- Despite this potential, many obstacles must still be overcome for reliable, long-term, high-quality recordings and accurate analysis of brain activity. (preprints.org)