• It is a small recurring anion-binding feature of both proteins and peptides. (wikipedia.org)
  • An increasing number of three-dimensional virus structures known to atomic resolution paved the way for derivatization of VBNPs with dyes, metals, peptides, proteins, and small molecules and is being explored for generating novel nanomaterials. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metal ions are known to bind to a variety of biomolecules, for example amyloid beta peptides and antibodies. (edu.au)
  • Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanics calculations suggested that the geometry of the exposed cobalt coordination site in the cobalt-tannic acid networks facilitated its favorable interactions with histidine and methionine residues in the amyloid beta peptides. (edu.au)
  • When peptides are in a beta-sheet conformation, particularly when the residues are parallel and in-register (causing alignment), glutamines can brace the structure by forming intrastrand hydrogen bonding between its amide carbonyls and nitrogens . (wikidoc.org)
  • The invention relates generally to antibodies engineered with reactive cysteine residues and more specifically to antibodies with therapeutic or diagnostic applications. (justia.com)
  • 2-Cys Prx enzymes are homodimeric and contain two conserved (C P and C R ) cysteine residues per subunit. (molcells.org)
  • The carboxy-terminal part comprises an intrinsically disordered low-complexity domain (LCD), which contains regions enriched in glycine, hydrophobic residues, and glutamine and asparagine (Q/N). The DIX domain, RRMs and LCD all contribute to the association of TDP-43 with ribonucleoprotein granules and RNA10,11. (lafurnitura.com)
  • Among the hydrophobic residues, aromatic amino acids are found to have the highest amyloidogenic propensity. (wikidoc.org)
  • These amyloid plaques are immunoreactive with antibodies to the prion protein and do not immunoreact with antibodies to other amyloidogenic proteins, such as the amyloid-beta (which is deposited in Alzheimer disease). (medscape.com)
  • Here, we study phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), which are amyloidogenic proteins secreted by S. aureus, that become incorporated into biofilms. (wustl.edu)
  • In general, immunobiologists have developed an integrated method for vaccine development based on analyzing protein sequences and structures of target viruses [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surface (S)-layer proteins and S-layer fusion proteins incorporating functional sequences, self-assemble into monomolecular lattices on solid supports and on various lipid structures. (2medicalcare.com)
  • 1993 ). Catalysis of protein substrates is (most probably) carried out via a general base mechanism involving activation of a zinc-bound water molecule by the carboxylate group of the conserved glutamate residue in the catalytic pocket followed by attack of water on the polarized carbonyl group in the substrate's scissile bond (Browner et al. (evelinvahter.com)
  • The most recently identified aSyn mutation causes the substitution of alanine at position 53 by a glutamate residue (A53E), identified in a 36 year-old Finnish patient with atypical PD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data suggest that the negatively charged glutamate residue may affect the folding and, consequently, the aggregation process of the protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transmembrane or otherwise tumor-associated polypeptides specifically expressed on the surface of cancer cells as compared to normal, non-cancerous cell(s) have been identified as cellular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy with antibodies. (justia.com)
  • Identification of such tumor-associated cell surface antigen polypeptides, i.e. tumor associated antigens (TAA), allows specific targeting of cancer cells for destruction via antibody-based therapies. (justia.com)
  • Antibodies, which are also commonly referred to as immunoglobulins, contain four polypeptides: two longer polypeptides ("heavy chains") that are identical to one another and two shorter polypeptides ("light chains") that are identical to one another. (justia.com)
  • 2. Polypeptides and proteins. (50webs.org)
  • Proteins are large polypeptides, so the distinction between the two categories is somewhat arbitrary. (50webs.org)
  • A family of cellular proteins that mediate the correct assembly or disassembly of polypeptides and their associated ligands. (lookformedical.com)
  • Other polypeptides and proteins , such as amylin and the Alzheimer's beta protein do not have a simple consensus sequence and are thought to operate by hydrophobic association. (wikidoc.org)
  • However, only few protein structures have been currently resolved for the Iridoviridae family, none of which are associated with the outer capsid proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, production of VLPs in adequate quantities has been achieved by expression of virus capsid proteins in heterologous systems (insect cells, yeast, and bacteria). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The conformation of a nest is such that the NH groups of the first and third amino acid residues are liable to be hydrogen bonded to a negatively charged, or partially negatively charged, atom, often an oxygen atom. (wikipedia.org)
  • The specificity filter of the potassium channel and the water channel of aquaporin exhibit this more linear conformation in which carbonyl groups are employed by proteins to transport molecules across membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This near-linear conformation is also that found in a strand of alpha sheet If two nests overlap such that residue i+1 of the first nest is residue i of the second nest, a compound nest is formed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The infectious agent in the prion disease is composed mainly or entirely of an abnormal conformation of a host-encoded glycoprotein called the prion protein. (medscape.com)
  • The replication of prions involves the recruitment of the normally expressed prion protein, which has mainly an alpha-helical structure, into a disease-specific conformation that is rich in beta-sheet. (medscape.com)
  • It possessed improved targeting towards both antigens and cells by inducing the potential orientation (conformation) change of the adsorbed antibodies, which further confirmed the unique property of cobalt in the bio-nano interactions of MPNs. (edu.au)
  • A recent cryo-EM study involving four individuals with FTLD-TDP types A-D in the absence of ALS did not find amyloid filaments of TDP-43 and reported that filaments of transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) characterize FTLD-TDP instead21. (lafurnitura.com)
  • Like amyloid fibrils, antibodies can interact with transition metals (e.g. (edu.au)
  • To solubilize aggregates comprised of a diverse range of amyloid and amyloid-like species, we have developed engineered variants of Hsp104, a hexameric AAA+ protein disaggregase from yeast. (wustl.edu)
  • The classical, histopathological definition of amyloid is an extracellular , proteinaceous deposit exhibiting cross-beta structure. (wikidoc.org)
  • Our previous studies using gene-targeted mouse models of chronic wasting disease (CWD) demonstrated that Norway and North America cervids are infected with distinct prion strains that respond differently to naturally occurring amino acid variation at residue 226 of the prion protein. (cdc.gov)
  • The extraordinary biology and transmissibility of these disorders stems from the protean conformational properties of the prion protein (PrP). (cdc.gov)
  • 1987 ). This superfamily of proteases is defined by the presence of a Zn 2+ ion at the catalytic center, which is coordinated by three histidine residues in the zinc-binding consensus sequence HExxHxxGxxH that is present in all proteolytically active metzincins, and a characteristic, strictly conserved methionine-containing tight 1,4 beta turn forming a hydrophobic cleft for the catalytic zinc ion (Bode et al. (evelinvahter.com)
  • Cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibodies (Ab) are conjugated with one or more drug moieties (D) through a linker (L) to form cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibody-drug conjugates having Formula I: Ab-(L-D)p I where p is 1 to 4. (justia.com)
  • The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), i.e. immunoconjugates, for the local delivery of cytotoxic or cytostatic agents, i.e. drugs to kill or inhibit tumor cells in the treatment of cancer (Lambert, J. (2005) Curr. (justia.com)
  • Drug moieties used in antibody drug conjugates include bacterial protein toxins such as diphtheria toxin, plant protein toxins such as ricin, small molecules such as auristatins, geldanamycin (Mandler et al (2000) J. of the Nat. (justia.com)
  • Specifically, the invention provides novel antibody conjugates suitable for use in Discrete Fluorescence Quenching Displacement Immunoassays and methods for producing these antibody conjugates. (trea.com)
  • The invention further relates to the use the novel antibody conjugates, and a kit comprising the same. (trea.com)
  • These have been engineered to give rise to monoclonal nest-containing antibodies specific for proteins with phosphorylated serines and threonines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thorpe, (1985) "Antibody Carriers Of Cytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy: A Review," in Monoclonal Antibodies '84: Biological And Clinical Applications, A. Pinchera et al (ed.s), pp. 475-506). (justia.com)
  • 21:183-87) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as well as drug-linking and drug-releasing properties (Lambert, J. (2005) Curr. (justia.com)
  • The invention also relates to methods of using antibodies and antibody-drug conjugate compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions. (justia.com)
  • The invention relates to methods of modulating the antigen-binding affinity of an antibody by determining, using data corresponding to the structure of a complex between the antibody and an antigen in a solvent, a representation of a charge distribution of the CDRs of the antibody which minimizes electrostatic contribution to binding free energy between the antibody and the antigen in a solvent. (justia.com)
  • TDP-43 is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional nucleic acid-binding protein composed of two RNA recognition motifs (RRM), nuclear localization (NLS) and export signals (NES), and a carboxy-terminal glycine rich region. (nature.com)
  • Elastase is responsible for cleaving peptide bonds following a small neutral amino acid residue, such as Alanine , glycine and valine. (bionity.com)
  • Some cytotoxic drugs tend to be inactive or less active when conjugated to large antibodies or protein receptor ligands. (justia.com)
  • The blood carries the hormones to target cells that contain specific receptor proteins for the hormones, and which therefore can respond in a specific fashion to them. (50webs.org)
  • Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) comprise a family of enzymes that cleave protein substrates based on a conserved mechanism involving activation of an active site-bound water molecule by a Zn 2+ ion. (evelinvahter.com)
  • The C P residue is conserved in all Prx enzymes. (molcells.org)
  • In biochemistry , serine proteases or serine endopeptidases (newer name) are a class of peptidases ( enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins ) that are characterised by the presence of a serine residue in the active site of the enzyme . (bionity.com)
  • The combination of these three enzymes make an incredibly effective digestive team, and are primarily responsible for the digestion of proteins . (bionity.com)
  • DSB sites are preferentially located within chromatin loops, while several proteins that are required for DSB formation (Rec114, Mei4, and Mer2) localize on the chromosome axis (Blat et al. (springer.com)
  • Indeed, within the pyrenoids of eukaryotic algae, the functional homologues of carboxysomes, Rubisco adopts a liquid-like state by interacting with the intrinsically disordered protein EPYC1 14 . (nature.com)
  • Some viruses possess an outer envelope, and the outer capsid is composed of major capsid protein (MCP), which appears to be highly conserved among the family and possesses surface binding sites interacting with the surfaces of host's cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their unique hourglass-shaped architecture is highly conserved among different bacterial membrane proteins and other biological channels. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Biopolymers, such as proteins, DNA, and polysaccharides, which are available in almost unlimited quantity in nature, as well as many synthetic polymers, which are industrially produced on a large scale, belong to this fascinating class of polymers. (mdpi.com)
  • Using cryo-histochemistry as well as infrared and sum frequency generation spectroscopy on the mucus of two arboreal ( H. cinerea and Osteopilus septentrionalis ) and of two terrestrial, non-climbing frog species ( Pyxicephalus adspersus and Ceratophrys cranwelli ), we find neutral and acidic polysaccharides, and indications for proteinaceous and lipid-like mucus components. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 48 kDa subunit, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4, is also a component of several other protein complexes involved in chromatin remodeling. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
  • It is found as a subunit of protein complexes that are in involved in the enzymatic modification of histones including the Mi2 and Sin3 histone deacetylase complexes and the polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
  • The cysteine engineered antibodies may be conjugated with chemotherapeutic drugs, toxins, affinity ligands such as biotin, and detection labels such as fluorophores. (justia.com)
  • Researchers hoped that such antibodies would be no more foreign to the human body than a genuine human antibody, but the utility of such antibodies has been restricted, at least in some cases, by a reduction in the antibody's affinity for the antigen. (justia.com)
  • Based on these S-layer proteins, supramolecular assemblies can be constructed which are envisaged for label-free detection systems, as affinity matrix, as anti-allergic immuno-therapeutics, as membrane protein-based screening devices, and as drug targeting and delivery systems. (2medicalcare.com)
  • A retinoblastoma-binding protein that has an affinity for core HISTONES. (lookformedical.com)
  • 2000). The proteinaceous substrate of endothelial fenestration is the plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP) that assembles into stomatal and fenestral diaphragms covering caveolae, transendothelial channels (TEC), and fenestrae (Stan et?al. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
  • This can then interact with positively-charged residues such as arginine and lysine on the substrate peptide to be cleaved. (bionity.com)
  • In this study, we expressed and characterized a new serine protease inhibitory protein (PI-QT) from the metagenome of sponge-associated microorganisms in Escherichia coli . (bmrat.org)
  • Prions are infectious proteins that cause fatal, incurable neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals, which include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), sheep scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 5 ] Prusiner introduced the term prion to indicate that scrapie is related to a proteinaceous infectious particle (PrP). (medscape.com)
  • PD and other neurodegenerative disorders, such as demential with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, are also characterized by the accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in proteinaceous inclusions known as Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites [ 54 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In homogeneous immunoassays, the antibody reacts with the analyte in solution, which allows much faster assay times. (trea.com)
  • Peroxides oxidize the C P -SH to cysteine sulfenic acid (C P ?SOH), which then reacts with another cysteine residue, named the "resolving" Cys (C R ) to form a disulfide that is subsequently reduced by an appropriate electron donor to complete a catalytic cycle. (molcells.org)
  • Guided by these determinations, the antibody is accordingly modified (altered) to improve upon, e.g., antibody/antigen binding by modifying at least one amino acid residue to decrease the binding free energy between the antibody and antigen when bound in a solvent. (justia.com)
  • The CDRs of V H and V L are held in close proximity by the FRs, and amino acid residues within the CDRs bind the antigen. (justia.com)
  • Highly divergent hypotheses have been put forward regarding the makeup of the prions, including that they consist of nucleic acid only or protein only, are lacking both protein and nucleic acid, or are a polysaccharide. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnostic and therapeutic uses for cysteine engineered antibody drug compounds and compositions are disclosed. (justia.com)
  • A histone chaperone protein that plays a role in the deposition of NUCLEOSOMES on newly synthesized DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • In addition, we identified proteins that interact with the KRAB domain of PRDM9 in yeast two-hybrid assay screens, particularly CXXC1, a member of the COMPASS complex. (springer.com)
  • Although CWD prions from Finland and Norway moose had comparable responses to primary structural differences at residue 226, other distinctive criteria, including transmission kinetics, patterns of neuronal degeneration, and conformational features of prions generated in the brains of diseased mice, demonstrated that the strain properties of Finland moose CWD prions are different from those previously characterized in Norway CWD. (cdc.gov)
  • Towards this goal, CPV virus-like particles (VLPs) produced by expression of the CPV-VP2 capsid protein in a baculovirus expression system were examined for attachment of small molecules and delivery to tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The latter represents a conformationally modified form of a normal cellular PrP C , which is a normal host protein found on the surface of many cells, in particular neurons. (medscape.com)
  • The exact function of aSyn remains unclear, but it is known to be associated with vesicles and membranes, and to have an impact on important cellular functions such as intracellular trafficking and protein degradation systems, leading to cellular pathologies that can be readily studied in cell-based models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibodies are engineered by replacing one or more amino acids of a parent anti-MUC16 antibody with non cross-linked, reactive cysteine amino acids. (justia.com)
  • We have also identified critical amino acids and monosaccharides (Gal and GlcNAc) that contributed significantly to the protein-ligand binding through the per-residue decomposition of binding free energy. (bvsalud.org)
  • An appropriate amino acid residue for conjugation may be present in a native Fc domain at the conjugation site or may be added by insertion (i.e., between amino acids in the native Fc domain) or by replacement (i.e., removing amino acids and substituting different amino acids). (patsnap.com)
  • Antidiuretic hormone is a polypeptide with eight amino acids, too small to accurately be called a protein. (50webs.org)
  • The Nest is a type of protein structural motif. (wikipedia.org)
  • The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. (lookformedical.com)
  • Amyloids are insoluble fibrous protein aggregations sharing specific structural traits. (wikidoc.org)
  • Heterogeneous immunoassays use an antibody pair to capture and to detect the analyte (Wild, 2013). (trea.com)
  • Accordingly, there remains a need for antibodies that do not provoke a strong immune response but yet bind strongly to their antigens and methods for identifying such antibodies. (justia.com)
  • Here we define the precise Rab29 binding region of the LRRK2 Armadillo domain between residues 360-450 and show that this domain, termed 'Site #1', can also bind additional LRRK2 substrates, Rab8A and Rab10. (stanford.edu)
  • Proteins which bind to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
  • The virus structure contains three domains, including an outer proteinaceous capsid, an intermediate lipid membrane, and a central core. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibodies are exquisite, naturally occurring biological agents that play a critical role in defending the body from pathogens. (justia.com)
  • In the field of immunodiagnostics, antibodies are used to quantify clinical biomarkers in complex biological samples like blood (Wild, 2013). (trea.com)
  • A number of antibody proteins have RLR nests within the hairpin loops of their H-chain CDRs (complementarity determining regions) bound to a carboxylate side chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2009 ). At a larger scale, DSB formation occurs in the context of a specific chromosome architecture that consists of chromatin loops anchored to a proteinaceous axis (Zickler and Kleckner 1999 ). (springer.com)
  • Disclosed is a process for preparing a pharmacologically active compound, in which at least one internal conjugation site of an Fc domain sequence is selected that is amenable to conjugation of an additional functional moiety by a defined conjugation chemistry through the side chain of an amino acid residue at the conjugation site. (patsnap.com)
  • One pathway, which has been extensively studied in yeast, is mainly guided by chromatin structure and the other, analyzed in detail in mice, is driven by the sequence-specific DNA-binding PR domain-containing protein 9 (PRDM9). (springer.com)
  • Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. (cdc.gov)
  • HC RSs are characterized by the presence of a sphere-shaped proteinaceous organelle (also known as dense body) adjacent to the presynaptic membrane. (jneurosci.org)
  • As such as proteins, lipids, glycans, nucleic acids, and isoporous ultrafiltration membrane they can apparently combination of that. (2medicalcare.com)
  • iHCPEnC expressed pan-endothelial markers and offered characteristic plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-containing structures. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
  • In most prokaryotic organisms S-layers surface layers (S-layers) composed of identical protein- have to be considered as non-conservative structures with the aceous subunits represent unique patterning elements and potential to fulfil a broad spectrum of functions [3, 4, 9]. (2medicalcare.com)
  • Known hypersensitivity to E coli -derived proteins, Kineret, or to any component of the product. (drugs.com)
  • A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. (lookformedical.com)
  • This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • The third part of this PhD research further investigated the bio-nano interactions of AuNP@MPNs in the complex protein system - human serum. (edu.au)
  • Additionally, homogeneous immunoassays only require one analyte specific antibody, which makes them suitable for detecting smaller biomarkers. (trea.com)
  • The so-called Fluorescence Quenching Immunoassay uses two antibodies: one analyte specific antibody and one fluorophore specific antibody, whereby binding of the fluorophore specific antibody to the fluorophore reduces the fluorescence intensity. (trea.com)
  • By adding additional unlabeled analyte, via applying a sample, the steady state shifts and more fluorescence signal can be quenched by the fluorophore specific antibody. (trea.com)
  • In humans and mice, hotspots are specified by PRDM9, a meiosis-specific PRDM family protein (Baudat et al. (springer.com)
  • The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
  • Using a Gem-specific antibody, we show that the bulk of Gem/Ca v 1.3a immunoreactivity in HCs is restricted to basally located focal spots. (jneurosci.org)
  • The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments. (lookformedical.com)
  • aSyn is a disordered and abundant neuronal protein whose normal function is still elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The abnormal assembly of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in neuronal and glial cells characterizes nearly all cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and around half of cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)1,2. (lafurnitura.com)
  • Using this system, we probed the molecular drivers of PSMĪ± aggregation to delineate key similarities and differences among the PSMs and identified a crucial residue that drives PSM features. (wustl.edu)
  • Each consists of the main chain atoms of three consecutive amino acid residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • This FRET-based homogeneous immunoassay consists of a dark-quencher labeled antibody and a fluorescently labeled peptide. (trea.com)
  • In case of proteins for which it is possible to identify the secondary structure, symbols are given in the Stride classification (e.g. (edu.pl)
  • Most PDZ domains have an RL nest at the beginning of the first beta-strand, with the function of recognizing the carboxylate group at the C-terminus of the domain's peptide or protein ligand. (wikipedia.org)
  • The amount and composition of corona proteins were evaluated by both SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS. MPNs with tannic acid as the phenolic ligand showed no significant difference with varied metals in both corona protein content and cell association. (edu.au)
  • However, MPNs with gallic acid as the ligand showed that FeIII and ZnII exhibited different corona protein content and cell association compared to other metals. (edu.au)
  • Antibody therapy has been established for the targeted treatment of patients with cancer, immunological and angiogenic disorders. (justia.com)
  • Polakis, P. Arming antibodies for cancer therapy. (justia.com)