Allograft RejectionDonor-specific antibodyRecipientsComplementInhibitionTransplant rejectionTransplantationAbstractHyperacute rejectionAnti-HLA AntibodiesOrganMonoclonalAcute rejectionSpecific antibodiesCell-mediatedCellularIncidenceRefractoryNatural antibodiesClinicalBiopsiesDiagnosisPancreasHeart transplantLymphocytesSevere acuteImmune globulinEndomyocardial biopsyImmunoglobulinTransplantsPatientsInjuryChronic kidneyHalloranBiopsyDysfunctionTissue
Allograft Rejection7
- Non-selective proteasome inhibitors suppress antibody-mediated allograft rejection. (uni-konstanz.de)
- Thus, our studies define a critical role of the immunoproteasome in chronic kidney allograft rejection and suggest immunoproteasome inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach to suppress chronic antibody-mediated rejection. (uni-konstanz.de)
- The Prospera test leverages Natera's core single-nucleotide-based massively multiplexed PCR technology to identify allograft rejection noninvasively without the need for prior donor or recipient genotyping. (labpulse.com)
- Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of renal allograft rejection reveals insights into intragraft TCR clonality. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- [19] Increased levels of BAFF may initiate aloreactive B cell and T cell immunity, therefore may promote allograft rejection. (wikidoc.org)
- 4. Transplant complications: The risk factors and pathogenesis, the prevention and development of novel therapies are introduced and discussed in the context of acute and chronic kidney graft rejection, non-immune injury in chronic lung allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease in haematopoietic stem cell transplant. (ncl.ac.uk)
- Antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR) causes more kidney transplant failure than any other single cause. (duke.edu)
Donor-specific antibody4
- Natera on Tuesday announced results from a study showing that donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) testing with its Prospera Kidney test was superior to the current standard of care, donor-specific antibody testing, in predicting antibody-mediated rejection. (labpulse.com)
- The investigators in the Trifecta study in Transplantation assessed dd-cfDNA donor fraction, estimated amount of dd-cfDNA, and donor-specific antibody-status for 280 samples from recipients of kidney transplants matched to kidney biopsies evaluated by both RNA-based molecular pathology and histology, Natera said. (labpulse.com)
- Maternal blood serum was screened for HLA class I and II antibodies, identification of Donor Specific Antibody (DSA), activation of complement measured by C1q and IgG4 concentrations. (frontiersin.org)
- Allo-Specific Humoral Responses: New Methods for Screening Donor-Specific Antibody and Characterization of HLA-Specific Memory B Cells. (duke.edu)
Recipients3
- Tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL-6 inhibitor, has shown promise in the treatment of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in renal transplant recipients. (wustl.edu)
- T-cell infiltrate intensity is associated with delayed response to treatment in late acute cellular rejection in pediatric liver transplant recipients. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- Oct. 2, 2021 A recent study examined the spectrum of antibody responses -- including IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies -- in kidney transplant recipients infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. (sciencedaily.com)
Complement5
- AMR refers to allograft injury resulting from activation of the complement system, typically by recipient-generated antibodies directed against the allograft tissue. (medscape.com)
- Complement activation is known to occur in many diverse renal diseases, including glomerulonephritis, thrombotic microangiopathies and transplant rejection. (wjgnet.com)
- Donor-specific antibodies bind with high affinity to the vascular endothelium of graft and activate complement . (wikidoc.org)
- In persons with Kawasaki disease and dermatomyositis, IVIG is thought to inhibit the generation of membrane attack complexes (C5b-C9) and subsequent complement-mediated tissue damage by binding the activated components C3b and C4b, thus preventing their deposition on target surfaces. (medscape.com)
- In the multifocal motor neuropathy disease state, IVIG intercedes to stop complement deposition that is triggered by anti-GM1 antibodies. (medscape.com)
Inhibition1
- Complex steps involved in the antibody response allows for several potential targets for therapeutic intervention, including suppression of T and B cells, elimination of circulating antibodies, and inhibition of residual antibodies. (psu.edu)
Transplant rejection8
- Cardiac transplant rejection manifests in one or more of the following three ways: acute cell-mediated rejection, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), and allograft vasculopathy. (medscape.com)
- Antibodies generated by these antigenic differences between donor and recipient as well as direct cytotoxic effects of the donor's immune system are responsible for the pathology seen in transplant rejection. (medscape.com)
- A more detailed discussion of the basic immunologic mechanisms behind transplant rejection is beyond the scope of this review. (medscape.com)
- These data further strengthen the case to incorporate dd-cfDNA into routine practice for the assessment of solid organ transplant rejection," Dr. Phil Halloran, the study's principal investigator and director of the Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Center, said in a statement. (labpulse.com)
- The lab also is developing and evaluating novel therapeutic approaches to eliminate T and B cells causing autoimmunity and solid organ transplant rejection. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- Watch this webinar to hear Drs. Magnetta and Arva discuss MMDx Heart, a tool that combines histopathology with molecular techniques to provide a more accurate diagnosis for organ transplant rejection. (thermofisher.com)
- We research many topics dealing with kidney transplant rejection, including diagnostic criteria, infection risk and incompatibility factors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Because increased diagnostic accuracy can eliminate confusion between transplant rejection and organ injury, treatment can be more precise and the administration of unnecessary immunosuppression drugs can be prevented, he said. (medscape.com)
Transplantation24
- The concept of rejection is not unique to cardiac allograft transplantation and, to a varying extent, occurs in all forms of solid organ transplantation. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] Although AMR most commonly occurs months to years following transplantation, a rare subtype, hyperacute rejection, can occur within minutes to hours after transplantation. (medscape.com)
- Further details (ie, clinical, gross, microscopic findings) of these various types of rejection are detailed later in this article, although the primary focus of this article is the pathology of acute cellular rejection in heart transplantation. (medscape.com)
- Risk factors for developing antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) include pregnancy, previous transplantation, blood transfusions, sensitization by OKT3 induction therapy, and use of ventricular assist devices. (medscape.com)
- [ 4 ] Identified risk factors for developing CAV include donor hypertension, cellular rejection during the first year following transplantation, and being a recipient of a heart from a male donor. (medscape.com)
- Results: Rejection occurred in all the patients early after transplantation (mean [SD], 7.1 [5.7] days). (elsevierpure.com)
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing a public workshop regarding new developments and scientific issues related to antibody mediated rejection (AMR) in kidney transplantation. (myast.org)
- Chronic antibody-mediated rejection is the major cause of fading allograft function and loss after renal transplantation. (uni-konstanz.de)
- Background: The importance of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) following lung transplantation remains contentious. (elsevierpure.com)
- In particular, the diagnostic criteria suggested to define AMR, namely the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA), C4d immunoreactivity, histological features and allograft dysfunction are not always readily applicable or confirmatory in lung transplantation. (elsevierpure.com)
- AMR appears to be on the rise, likely secondary to changing trends in clinical practice, including selection of patients for transplantation on mechanical circulatory support and development of more effective combinations of immunosuppressive drugs against acute cellular rejection. (psu.edu)
- Di Cocco P, Fratti A, Kaylan KB, Tzvetanov IG, Benedetti E. Treatment Strategies for Antibody-mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplantation and Its Prevention. (lidsen.com)
- This article reviews the current treatment strategies of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation, which is increasingly recognized as the leading immunological cause of graft failure. (lidsen.com)
- Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) incidence will increase as incompatible renal transplantation becomes more common. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
- Late antibody mediated rejection in liver transplantation - A case study, or proof of principle? (ncl.ac.uk)
- Lund, Sweden, March 26, 2019- Hansa Biopharma AB (NASDAQ Stockholm: HNSA), the leader in immunomodulatory enzyme technology for rare IgG-mediated diseases, announced today that it received Clinical Trial Application and Ethics Committee approvals for the company's Phase 2 study of imlifidase in acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection (AMR) in Kidney Transplantation. (hansabiopharma.com)
- Antibody-mediated rejection is a significant challenge to long term graft survival after kidney transplantation, occurring in 10-15% of new and existing cases. (hansabiopharma.com)
- AMR can occur in patients with preexisting anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Donor-Specific Antibodies (DSAs) or in patients without DSAs at transplantation but who develop de novo DSAs. (hansabiopharma.com)
- Hansa is developing imlifidase as a proprietary treatment to enable kidney transplantation in sensitized patients, previously unable to undergo transplant surgery due to the presence of Donor Specific Antibodies (DSAs). (hansabiopharma.com)
- Kim, PTW, Demetris, AJ & O'Leary, JG 2016, ' Prevention and treatment of liver allograft antibody-mediated rejection and the role of the 'two-hit hypothesis' ', Current opinion in organ transplantation , vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 209-218. (elsevierpure.com)
- Objectives: To evaluate celluar and antibody mediated rejection in a group of patients after heart transplantation (HTX), performed in the authors' institution during a six-year period. (pulsus.com)
- During pregnancy the formation of alloreactive anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies are a major cause of acute rejection in organ transplantation and of adverse effects in blood transfusion. (frontiersin.org)
- Alloreactive anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies formed during pregnancy are a major cause of acute rejection in organ transplantation and of adverse effects in blood transfusion, such as febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, immunological platelet refractoriness or transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
- 1. Transplantation immunology: allo-Ag presentation/recognition, cellular and molecular factors involved in alloreactive immune responses, antibody mediated rejection, immunotolerance induction and immunosuppression. (ncl.ac.uk)
Abstract2
- abstract = "Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) continues to present a challenge for the survival of the cardiac allograft. (psu.edu)
- Orandi B, Chow E, Arendonk KVan, Montgomery J, Gupta N, Montgomery R, Segev D. Early Antibody-Mediated Rejection Portends Worse Long-Term Renal Graft and Patient Survival [abstract]. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
Hyperacute rejection1
- El Hag M. Acute antibody mediated rejection including hyperacute rejection. (pathologyoutlines.com)
Anti-HLA Antibodies1
- The level of anti-HLA antibodies increases with the number of pregnancies and the number of children delivered ( 1 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Organ6
- Rejection refers to the organ recipient's immune system recognizing a transplanted organ as foreign and mounting a response to it via cellular and/or humoral (antibody-mediated) mechanisms. (medscape.com)
- Generally speaking, solid organ rejection is mediated via host T lymphocytes that recognize donor major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) I and II. (medscape.com)
- This is the first demonstration that kidney rejection is actually caused by the recipient's own cells' normal reaction to a wound, rather than by the donor organ cells, said Paul Grimm, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine associate clinic professor of pediatric and the lead author of the study, which appears in the July 12 New England Journal of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
- Grimm and colleagues at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada and University of Pennsylvania, report that chronic kidney rejection appears to be caused by the organ recipient's own cells - specifically, the mesenchymal cells - traveling to the transplant site and colonizing the area, creating an environment in which the donor organ cannot survive. (sciencedaily.com)
- Through chromosomal tracking, the team determined that the cells causing scarring and rejection in each patient had actually migrated to the organ site through the recipient's blood stream. (sciencedaily.com)
- This immune reaction leads to rejection, the greatest problem in successful tissue and organ grafting. (britannica.com)
Monoclonal2
- Rituximab is an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) kappa monoclonal antibody composed of a murine (mouse) variable region (Fab portion) that is fused onto a human constant region (Fc portion). (dermnetnz.org)
- Belimumab (Benlysta) is a monoclonal antibody developed by Human Genome Sciences and GlaxoSmithKline , with significant discovery input by Cambridge Antibody Technology , which specifically recognizes and inhibits the biological activity of B-Lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and is in clinical trials for treatment of Systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. (wikidoc.org)
Acute rejection2
- BAFF has been found in renal transplant biopsies with acute rejection and correlate with appearance C4d . (wikidoc.org)
- To establish potential differences between valganciclovir and valacyclovir prophylaxis, we performed a randomized trial (2VAL Study) showing a decrease in the rates of acute rejection with valganciclovir [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific antibodies4
- Can be caused by HLA and non-HLA donor specific antibodies (e.g. (pathologyoutlines.com)
- Pancreatic AMR is best identified by a combination of serological and immunohistopathological findings consisting of (i) identification of circulating donor-specific antibodies, and histopathological data including (ii) morphological evidence of microvascular tissue injury and (iii) C4d staining in interacinar capillaries. (houstonmethodist.org)
- The study is a randomized, open-label, multi-center, active control study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of imlifidase in eliminating donor specific antibodies (DSAs) in the treatment of active episodes of acute AMR in kidney transplant patients. (hansabiopharma.com)
- Lower level of BAFF transcripts (or a higher level of soluble BAFF) show a higher risk of producing donor-specific antibodies in the investigated patients. (wikidoc.org)
Cell-mediated1
- T lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity , so named because the T cells themselves latch onto the antigens of the invader and then initiate reactions that lead to the destruction of the nonself matter. (britannica.com)
Cellular3
- Severe acute cellular rejection. (medscape.com)
- Clinically, AMR can often be more severe than cellular rejection and more difficult to treat, often not responding to typical protocols of increased immunosuppression. (psu.edu)
- Results: In the 196 patients evaluated, 65 treated episodes of cellular rejection were recorded in 50 patients, with significant reduction on tacrolimus prophylaxis. (pulsus.com)
Incidence1
- However, the incidence of and treatment approach to combined T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) with DSA present and some but not all features of AMR is yet to be determined. (elsevierpure.com)
Refractory1
- Background: In the treatment of refractory antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), splenectomy has been associated with surprisingly rapid recovery of renal function. (elsevierpure.com)
Natural antibodies5
- Fab-dimerized glycan-reactive antibodies are a structural category of natural antibodies. (duke.edu)
- Natural antibodies (Abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. (duke.edu)
- Normal serum contains IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies, which are referred to as natural antibodies because they are induced without deliberate immunization and are independent of antigenic exposure. (medscape.com)
- natural antibodies can frequently bind to different antigens. (medscape.com)
- [ 6 ] IVIG contains natural antibodies, accounting for some of its effects. (medscape.com)
Clinical1
- Chronic antibody-mediated rejection, a common cause of renal transplant failure, has a variable clinical phenotype. (uni-luebeck.de)
Biopsies2
- To compare molecular with histologic diagnoses, biopsies were assigned to one of three groups: no rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, or T-cell-mediated rejection. (medscape.com)
- When they examined the histologic results, they found a high rate of error, particularly for biopsies assigned to T-cell-mediated rejection. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis5
- This survey aims to study practice patterns in the diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). (hanspopperhepatopathologysociety.org)
- It may be used by physicians considering the diagnosis of active rejection, helping to rule in or out this condition when evaluating the need for diagnostic testing or the results of an invasive biopsy, Natera said. (labpulse.com)
- 8: 237) dealt primarily with the diagnosis of acute T-cell-mediated rejection (ACMR), while only tentatively addressing issues pertaining to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). (houstonmethodist.org)
- This proposal is based on our current knowledge of the pathogenesis of pancreas rejection and currently available tools for diagnosis. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Purpose of review The review outlines the diagnosis, prevention strategies, and possible treatment options for acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). (elsevierpure.com)
Pancreas1
- Our lab also has a longstanding interest in pancreas transplants and has conducted research to establish guidelines for diagnosing antibody-mediated rejection of pancreas allografts-updated Banff grading schema. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Heart transplant1
- HLA-G +3196 polymorphism as a risk factor for cell mediated rejection following heart transplant. (cdc.gov)
Lymphocytes1
- B lymphocytes act as antigen-presenting cells for in vitro indirect antidonor interferon-γ production in chronic antibody-mediated rejection, but many patients retain the ability to regulate these responses. (uni-luebeck.de)
Severe acute1
- Contrast these with the third image which demonstrates severe acute cell-mediated rejection. (medscape.com)
Immune globulin3
- Blockade of macrophage Fc receptors is considered the primary mechanism of action of immune globulin in persons with ITP and other autoantibody-mediated cytopenias. (medscape.com)
- They are considered key to the immunoregulatory effects of immune globulin in immune-mediated disorders. (medscape.com)
- interestingly, antibodies against granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 in immune globulin have biologic activity in vivo. (medscape.com)
Endomyocardial biopsy2
- Routine endomyocardial biopsy remains the criterion standard for monitoring for such rejection. (medscape.com)
- Rejection was evaluated from the samples obtained during endomyocardial biopsy, and graft function was assessed using echocardiography. (pulsus.com)
Immunoglobulin2
- Imlifidase is an enzyme that specifically cleaves immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, thereby inhibiting the IgG-mediated immune response. (hansabiopharma.com)
- As these produce antibodies, serum immunoglobulin levels tend not to fall dramatically. (dermnetnz.org)
Transplants1
- Specifically, we're interested in ch ... ronic rejection and quality and safety as they relate to lung transplants . (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Patients2
- This is a somewhat uncommon finding seen in patients with chronic antibody mediated rejection. (arkanalabs.com)
- For this study, the team analyzed tissue samples from 14 patients who had experienced kidney rejection. (sciencedaily.com)
Injury1
- These were false-positives caused by injury, not rejection," he reported. (medscape.com)
Chronic kidney1
- The body's natural response to a wound--sending specialized cells to the transplant site to initiate the development of scar tissue--might be a major contributor to chronic kidney rejection following transplant. (sciencedaily.com)
Halloran2
- We know that between two pathologists reading rejection, there's only 28% agreement above random," Halloran said. (medscape.com)
- These were, in fact, serious injuries that were not rejection but were confused with rejection, Halloran explained during his presentation of this second analysis of the data. (medscape.com)
Biopsy2
- This photomicrograph is of a biopsy specimen with no evidence of rejection (hematoxylin-eosin, 40x). (medscape.com)
- Here, we report a case of GM co-existent immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) in which an anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) antibody was positive and a muscle biopsy showed a non-caseating granulomatous structure, along with myofiber necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. (bvsalud.org)
Dysfunction2
- Here we test whether particular patterns of T and B cell antidonor response associate with the variability of graft dysfunction in chronic antibody-mediated rejection. (uni-luebeck.de)
- Thus, our data significantly enhance the understanding of graft dysfunction associated with chronic antibody-mediated rejection and provide the foundation for strategies to prolong renal allograft survival, based on regulation of interferon-γ production. (uni-luebeck.de)
Tissue2
- Acute cell-mediated rejection is primarily a host T-lymphocyte-mediated response mounted against the allograft tissue. (medscape.com)
- 3. Transplant therapeutic effect: haematopoietic stem cell transplant for leukaemia, lymphoma, and primary immunodeficiency, islet transplant and beta-cell replacement for type1 diabetes, corneal/limbal stem cell transplant for damaged tissue repair and identification of biomarkers of tolerance and rejection. (ncl.ac.uk)