AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Clone CellsPhenotypeModels, BiologicalAntibodiesAntibody SpecificityAntibodies, ViralAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, BacterialAntibody FormationAntibodies, NeutralizingMolecular Sequence DataAntibody AffinityEpitopesFluorescent Antibody TechniqueAmino Acid SequenceAntibodies, Anti-IdiotypicBinding Sites, AntibodyBase SequenceCross ReactionsHIV AntibodiesT-LymphocytesAntibodies, NeoplasmAntibodies, AntinuclearCell LineAntibodies, ProtozoanCloning, MolecularMice, Inbred BALB CImmunoglobulin MAutoantibodiesLymphocyte ActivationAntigen-Antibody ReactionsAntibodies, FungalB-LymphocytesNeutralization TestsImmunoglobulin GHybridomasAntibodies, BlockingCells, CulturedAntigens, SurfaceAntibodies, BispecificSingle-Chain AntibodiesAntigensRecombinant ProteinsEpitope MappingAntigen-Antibody ComplexImmunoglobulin Fab FragmentsRabbitsDNAImmunoglobulin Variable RegionT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerRNA, MessengerImmunoglobulin AAntibodies, HeterophileCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesImmunizationImmune SeraAntibodies, CatalyticReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-betaAntigens, BacterialReceptors, Antigen, T-CellTumor Cells, CulturedAntigens, ViralTransfectionAntigens, NeoplasmDNA, ComplementaryFlow CytometryPeptide FragmentsPolymerase Chain ReactionFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayMolecular WeightAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedCell DivisionBlotting, WesternAutoantigensMice, Inbred C57BLImmunoenzyme TechniquesImmunohistochemistryAntibodies, AntiphospholipidPeptidesImmunization, PassivePeptide LibraryImmunoglobulin IdiotypesCytotoxicity, ImmunologicAntigens, CDMice, Inbred StrainsImmunoblottingMembrane GlycoproteinsSpleenElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelHLA-DR AntigensHaptensGenes, T-Cell Receptor betaInterleukin-2Epitopes, T-LymphocyteT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIComplementarity Determining RegionsGenetic VectorsTime Factors
AntigensSpecificityProteinPolyclonal antibodyIdentified a monoclonal antibodyMAbsImmunoglobulinBindsReceptorsProduce monoclonal antibodiesMurineMammalian cellsClass of antibodiesBindProteinsSpecific antigenTypes of AntibodiesMoleculesImmunityEnzyme-linkeGeneCDNA clonesProduction of antibodiesGenesReactiveHybridoma technologyAffinity chromatographySoluble antibodiesEpitopeInfectious diseasesSerumArtificial antibodiesReactsLymphocytesImmune responseGenetically identicalTumor cellsVitroTissuesSequenceBacteriaMonovalentMultiple epitopesMade from identicalMultiplyProducesAmino acidChimericImmunoglobulinsContrastHumanMiceSecreteCellularDiseasesSecretoryHumansInfliximabGlycoproteinReactivityLymphoid Cells
Antigens14
  • In immunology, clonal selection theory explains the functions of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes) in response to specific antigens invading the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to it, certain cells exhibit on their surface different "side chains" (i.e. membrane-bound antibodies) able to react with different antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this way, preferential proliferation is initiated of all those clones whose reactive sites correspond to the antigenic determinants on the antigens present in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)
  • We compared the frequency of sIgA to major surface antigens of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in milk of 123 women from the United States and Mexico to determine whether regional differences existed in the frequency of antibodies to these surface antigens. (cdc.gov)
  • This signal results in the generation of B-cell clones that produce antibodies against antigens located at the basement membrane zone (BMZ), initiating a type II Gell and Coombs hypersensitivity reaction. (medscape.com)
  • Immune interactions with cells infected with herpes simplex virus: antibodies to radioiodinated surface antigens. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Tumor immunogenicity results from the processing, and subsequent presentation of tumor antigens released from dead or dying tumor cells on MHC molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APC). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Zahavi and Weiner (2020) reviewed that monoclonal custom antibodies against antigens unique to cancer cells can cause tumor cell death by numerous mechanisms. (conductscience.com)
  • Antibodies, which fight diseases, are produced specifically for certain antigens. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • Every antibody is uniquely produced to recognize a specific structure on antigens. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • Antibodies bind to antigens to destroy them and produce immunity complexes which act as a signal for the immune system. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • The specific site which antibodies bind to antigens is called epitope. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • During the early 1990s, breakthroughs in cloning and sequencing of Norwalk virus and Southampton virus ( 15--18 ) led to the development of sensitive molecular assays (e.g., reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]), nucleotide hybridization probes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) that used baculovirus-expressed viral antigens ( 19--33 ). (cdc.gov)
Specificity11
Protein42
  • An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
  • CHO cells are most commonly used as a stable expression system and HEK293 cells are highly useful for transient gene expression where protein is harvested within a few days following DNA delivery. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • These eukaryotic systems offer additional advantages of protein folding, post-translational modifications, and a secretion apparatus that enhances the secretory production of antibodies. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the activity of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a protein that plays a central role in inflammatory reactions in patients with autoimmune diseases. (eisai.com)
  • By numerous specific protein-protein interactions, SHANKs are either directly or indirectly linked to other structural proteins, cell adhesion molecules, receptors, ion channels and to actin-interacting proteins at the postsynaptic density. (nature.com)
  • EspB, a protein thought to be involved in pore formation, is transferred to the host cell by this conduit and is found in both the host cell membrane and cytosol ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • EspB, with the aid of a second membrane lytic protein, EspD, forms pores in the host cell as part of the translocation mechanism ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The EspA organelle is used to transfer the translocated intimin receptor (Tir), which is then inserted into the host cell membrane, where it binds to intimin, a bacterial outer membrane protein ( 9 , 10 ) and triggers the host cytoskeletal events that lead to attaching/effacing lesion formation. (cdc.gov)
  • 2006): Biochemical characterization of rhEpo-Fc fusion protein expressed in CHO cells. (boku.ac.at)
  • One strategy for enhancing the serum half-life of proteins includes increasing the molecular weight of the protein of interest by fusion to the Fe part of an antibody. (boku.ac.at)
  • In this context, we have expressed a homodimer fusion protein in CHO cells which consists of two identical polypeptide chains, in which our target protein, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo), is N-terminally linked with the Fc part of a human IgG(1) molecule. (boku.ac.at)
  • We emphasized product quality aspects regarding the fusion protein itself and in addition, post-translational characterization of the subunits in comparison to human antibodies and rhEpo. (boku.ac.at)
  • A novel class of autoantigens of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis: the lysosomal membrane glycoprotein h-lamp-2 in neutrophil granulocytes and a related membrane protein in glomerular endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
  • Using these probes, evidence was provided that gp170/80-110 is identical with human lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (h-lamp-2), because both proteins were immunologically cross-reactive and screening of a cDNA expression library from human promyelocytic leukemia cells with anti-gp130 Ab yielded a clone derived from h-lamp-2. (rupress.org)
  • protein present in the lysates and on the surface of cells persistently infected with measles. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Staphylococcal protein A - Sepharose columns and the characterization of measles virus-specific polypeptides in persistently infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • When expressed as a fusion protein with eYFP in cultured cells, Sec31B-F associates with the endoplasmic reticulum and with vesicular-tubular clusters, displays restricted intracellular movement characteristic of COPII vesicle dynamics, co-distributes on organelles with Sec13, Sec31A and Sec23 (markers of the COPII coat), and concentrates with ts045-VSV-G-CFP (VSV-G) when examined early in the secretory pathway or after temperature or nocodazole inhibition. (biologists.com)
  • Antibodies are large heterodimeric protein molecules consisting of four polypeptide chains, i.e., two heavy chains of 50kDa each and two light chains of 25kDa. (conductscience.com)
  • The plasma cell associated antigen detectable by antibody VS38 is the p63 rough endoplasmic reticulum protein. (ox.ac.uk)
  • METHODS: The VS38 monoclonal antibody was used to screen a bacterially expressed peripheral blood cDNA library, and the immunocytochemical staining of the two antibodies was compared with those raised specifically to the protein identified as the VS38 antigen. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Antibody MC186 also recognised this protein and both VS38 and MC186 together with two antibodies raised to p63 gave identical immunostaining patterns. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is a protein produced and released by muscle cells, which inhibits or reduces the development of muscle. (ifbb-academy.com)
  • An antibody, also known as immunoglobulin, is a Y-shaped protein which fights foreign substances as a part of the immune system. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • X: any amino acid except Pro) present in newly synthesized protein in yeast and mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Productive folding of the protein moiety is facilitated during this period by the calnexin/calreticulin cycle in mammalian cells, which relies on G1M9-specific lectin-type chaperones (calnexin and calreticulin) associated with the oxidoreductase ERp57, and UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferases 1 and 2, which are capable of re-adding glucose to M9 if the protein moiety is not yet folded. (elifesciences.org)
  • PD1 is a protein that controls immune system processes, including suppressing T-cell activity, and PD1 blockage treatment aims to free the T-cell from this repression. (vigorcolumn.com)
  • The coding region of IL-33 mature protein was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-44. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, the cloning and expression of mouse IL-33 gene in Escherichia coli (E. coli ), purification of recombinant protein, and generation of polyclonal antibody against IL-33 are described. (hindawi.com)
  • The prepared antibody can be useful for the study of expression and distribution of IL-33 in various tissues at protein level and for the elucidation of its biofunctions and regulation mechanism in inflammatory diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • This antibody can be antigen purified or protein A or G purified. (immunodia.com)
  • Purified human Fab may be used as a reference antigen, calibrator, coating protein and blocking agent,HRP conjugates are often primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies couples to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), found in the roots of horseradish. (immunodia.com)
  • Immunoprecipitation experiments with anti-CR2 antibodies and SDS-PAGE analysis reveal a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 155 kDa which is higher than the one seen in B cells. (nih.gov)
  • Massive stabilization of mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins is a cancer-specific event that could potentially mark precancerous cells, yet in vivo protein-level mutp53 reporters are lacking. (bvsalud.org)
  • Together, these protein-level mutp53 reporters reveal undercharacterized features and vulnerabilities of precancerous cells during early tumorigenesis, paving the way for precision cancer prevention. (bvsalud.org)
  • Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) has greater protein-sequence similarity to Cav-1 than to Cav-2, but it is expressed mainly in muscle cells, including smooth, skeletal, and cardiac myocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, VIP21 was isolated as an integral membrane protein component of transport vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, suggesting that Cav-1/VTP21 may have a role in molecular trafficking as well as oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In eukaryotic cells, protein transport through the secretory and endocytic pathways is mediated by vesicular intermediates. (embl.de)
  • The ras-related ypt protein is an ubiquitous eukaryotic protein: isolation and sequence analysis of mouse cDNA clones highly homologous to the yeast YPT1 gene. (embl.de)
  • The YPT1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for a guanine nucleotide-binding protein which is essential for cell viability. (embl.de)
  • A monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing the 23.5-kd yeast YPT1 protein cross-reacted with a protein of identical size on protein blots of mouse, rat, pig, bovine and human cell lines. (embl.de)
  • Initial studies demonstrated that rabbit antimouse type VII collagen antibodies, as well as rabbit antibodies raised against human recombinant protein type VII collagen, were able to induce blisters in mice. (medscape.com)
  • Induction of an active model of autoimmunity against type VII collagen in a hairless mouse strain (SKH1) revealed that regulatory T cells, which have been identified for their ability to inhibit the development of autoimmune diseases, do not inhibit the development of autoantibodies against the self-protein mouse-type VII collagen. (medscape.com)
Polyclonal antibody2
  • Polyclonal antibody segment has shown leading growth in recent time mainly due to development of new technologies like recombinant DNA technology, polyclonal antibody production. (datahorizzonresearch.com)
  • The production of the polyclonal antibody against IL-33 provides a good tool for studying the biofunctions of IL-33. (hindawi.com)
Identified a monoclonal antibody1
  • Scientists in Japan have identified a monoclonal antibody that can be used in CAR-T therapy against multiple myeloma. (asianscientist.com)
MAbs6
  • Monoclonal antibodies ( MAbs ) are identical antibodies produced by clones of B cells that have a specific target. (oramune.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and derivatives play a vital role for the development in biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • Here, we describe the development of new murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive to CSGVs and the engineering of a human-murine chimeric antibody by combining the variable regions of the broadly CSGV cross-reactive murine MAb, 3-3B6/2-3B2 and the constant region of the human IgM. (cdc.gov)
  • Compared to the parent murine MAbs, the human-chimeric IgM antibody had identical serological activity to CSGVs in ELISA and demonstrated equivalent reactivity compared to human immune sera in the MAC-ELISA.IMPORTANCEOrthobunyaviruses in the California serogroup cause severe neurological disease in children and adults. (cdc.gov)
  • To expand diagnostic capacity to detect CVV infections by immunoassays, 12 hybridoma clones secreting anti-CVV murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed. (cdc.gov)
  • Our data shows that MAbs CVV14, CVV15, CVV17, and CVV18 have high specific reactivity as a detector in an IgM antibody capture test with human sera. (cdc.gov)
Immunoglobulin8
Binds6
  • After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • An antibody that binds to the nuclei of the body's own cells. (lupus.org)
  • MMG49 binds to a subset of integrin β7, which are cell-surface proteins that allow cells to attach to surfaces. (asianscientist.com)
  • The minor fraction of HP1β that is chromatin-bound in ESCs is enriched within exons, unlike the situation in differentiated cells, where it binds heterochromatic satellite repeats and chromocenters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The C398.4A monoclonal antibody specifically binds to Inducible Costimulator (ICOS), which is also known as, CD278, Activation-inducible lymphocyte immunomediatory molecule (AILIM), or H4. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • When an antigen binds a B cell surface, it stimulates the B cell to divide and mature in a group of identical cells called a clone. (healthandmedicine.net)
Receptors6
  • Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibodies are produced for a specific antigen and equipped with special receptors that will only bind to the antigen. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • In 1940, Linus Pauling proposed his template theory of antibody formation, one of many such theories that rejected Paul Ehrlich's selective theory of preformed "receptors" (antibodies), assuming instead a direct molding of antibody shapes onto that of the antigen. (ucpress.edu)
  • The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Because of their high numbers, red blood cells express an average of 90% of the CR1 receptors despite their having a lower number of antigenic sites per cell. (medscape.com)
  • Among healthy individuals, the number of CR1 receptors on the red blood cells varies widely, yet the phenotypic expression, regulated by 2 codominant alleles, is stable. (medscape.com)
Produce monoclonal antibodies1
  • This platform acquired its unique name because of its proprietary B cell immortalization technology that also allows us to produce monoclonal antibodies in a wide range of species. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Murine6
  • For recombinant antibody production, stable cell lines such as the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293), or NS0 murine myeloma cells are more commonly employed. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • A hybrid between a murine myeloma cell line and spleen cells from a mouse immunized with measles has been produced. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Murine SIRPα-Fc-CD40L outperformed CD47 blocking and CD40 agonist antibodies in murine CT26 tumor models and synergized with immune checkpoint blockade of PD-1 and CTLA4. (aacrjournals.org)
  • However, these murine antibodies can produce strong immune reactions in humans, especially on repeated administration. (conductscience.com)
  • Various murine models have contributed to the understanding of the pathogenic role of antitype VII collagen antibodies and pathophysiology of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we described the development of a murine monoclonal antibody cross-reactive to CSGVs engineered to contain the variable regions of the murine antibody on the backbone of human IgM. (cdc.gov)
Mammalian cells4
  • Recombinant antibody production from most species consist of a heavy and a light chain and it is important to note that to accomplish maximum IgG production in mammalian cells, one must achieve a balanced expression of both heavy and light chains. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • However, overproduction of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells is well established, analysis of product quality of complex products for different purposes, such as product specification, purification issues, batch to batch consistency and therapeutical consequences, is required. (boku.ac.at)
  • G3M9 is converted to M9 by the sequential actions of Gls1 and Gls2-Gtb1 in yeast and glucosidases I and II in mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • In mammalian cells, the level of extracellular ATP (eATP) is regulated by ectoapyrases, which can hydrolyze extracellular ATP to ADP and ADP to AMP. (utexas.edu)
Class of antibodies2
  • The IgG class of antibodies is further divided into four subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. (conductscience.com)
  • Monoclonal antibody is any of a class of antibodies produced in the lab by a single clone of cells or a cell line and consisting of identical antibody molecules. (aarogya.com)
Bind7
  • [2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibodies are immunoglobulins which are proteins made by immune system that bind to specific marker cells or tissues. (datahorizzonresearch.com)
  • MBL scientists injected transgenic (genetically modified) mice with elements of HCV and then sought individual human antibodies produced in the mice that would recognise and bind to the HCV's outer coat, known as the glycoprotein. (aarogya.com)
  • This antibody, now known as MBL-HCV1, was able to bind tightly with all genotypes (group of organisms sharing a specific genetic constitution) of HCV tested from infected patient samples, researchers said. (aarogya.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope. (immunodia.com)
  • Viral binding is specific, as it is inhibited by nonconjugated virus, with anti-CR2 antibodies, and with an antibody reactive with the glycoprotein (gp350) that EBV uses to bind CR2. (nih.gov)
  • Opsonized immune complexes (coated by C3b and C4b) bind to CR1, mostly on red blood cells, and are cleared through the liver where they can be transferred to CR3-bearing phagocytes and endocytosed. (medscape.com)
Proteins9
  • Antibodies are heavy (~150 k Da ) proteins of about 10 nm in size, [7] arranged in three globular regions that roughly form a Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibodies have become one of the most important tools in life science research, allowing the detection, quantitation, and determination of changes in proteins and other molecules with respect to time and other perturbations. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Secretion of LEE proteins is triggered by close contact with host cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to identify membrane proteins of PMNs, and/or glomerular cells, as additional autoantigenic ANCA targets. (rupress.org)
  • Therefore, it is highly plausible that there are other cancer immunotherapeutic targets that have yet to be identified among the many cell-surface proteins that undergo conformational changes, even if the expression of the proteins themselves is not cancer-specific. (asianscientist.com)
  • Because humans have immune reactions to mouse proteins, the mouse common domains were replaced with similar human antibody domains. (blogspot.com)
  • Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system as a response to foreign substances. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • Explore our solutions for multiple applications - vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, cell or gene therapy. (vwr.com)
  • There is some redundancy among the 11 Ypt proteins, and only those involved in the biosynthetic pathway are essential for cell viability. (embl.de)
Specific antigen3
  • The theory states that in a pre-existing group of lymphocytes (both B and T cells ), a specific antigen activates (i.e. selects) only its counter-specific cell, which then induces that particular cell to multiply, producing identical clones for antibody production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ep-CAM (epithelial adhesion molecule, epithelial specific antigen, ESA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in the epithelium with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa, which functions as an epithelial cell adhesion molecule. (thermofisher.com)
  • Isotype or positive controls by peptides, antibodies and deactivated samples.Complexes, systems, regulators, immune RNAs and non immune controls that can react with a specific antigen epitope. (immunodia.com)
Types of Antibodies2
Molecules6
  • According to Burnet's hypothesis, among antibodies are molecules that can probably correspond with varying degrees of precision to all, or virtually all, the antigenic determinants that occur in biological material other than those characteristic of the body itself. (wikipedia.org)
  • RATIONAL: Little is known about molecules that regulate fish B cell function. (usda.gov)
  • Antibodies are also created synthetically to protect the body from foreign molecules and diseases. (datahorizzonresearch.com)
  • Non-specific immune stimulators represent a wide array of naturally produced cellular molecules known as cytokines, growth factors and other molecules that can stimulate cells of the immune system-this can be used to evoke all arms of the immune system, both the innate and the acquired immune systems. (oramune.com)
  • Cancer vaccine research is studying the potential of using weakened cancer cells, parts of cancer cells, DNA and other types of molecules to stimulate the immune system. (oramune.com)
  • With the technical advancements and an understanding of their molecular properties, custom antibodies have become the most important class of molecules in immunologic research. (conductscience.com)
Immunity7
  • One clone acts immediately to combat infection whilst the other is longer lasting, remaining in the immune system for a long time and causing immunity to that antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because these fluids were traditionally known as humors , antibody-mediated immunity is sometimes known as, or considered a part of, humoral immunity . (wikipedia.org)
  • These data illustrated that whereas CD47/SIRPα inhibition could potentiate tumor cell phagocytosis, CD40-mediated activation of a type I interferon response provided a bridge between macrophage- and T-cell-mediated immunity that significantly enhanced durable tumor control and rejection. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Bispecific monoclonal antibody is one such artificial antibody which works by binding to two different antigen sites by providing more immunity than natural antibodies. (datahorizzonresearch.com)
  • In animal studies , transfer factor (TF) "transfers" some forms of immunity to the recipient, can increase the numbers of T cells and can shrink some tumors. (oramune.com)
  • Antibodies remain in the circulation for the next few months after an infection and provide long-term immunity for the antigen. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • The existence of antibodies is a sign of the immunity developed after the exposure to the antigen. (healthandmedicine.net)
Enzyme-linke1
Gene11
  • insert this new gene into a T-cell and it will be precisely targeted at the tumor. (asianscientist.com)
  • An Atlantic salmon gene has been cloned that is identical to trout TNFSF 13b. (usda.gov)
  • RESULTS: A partial cDNA encoding the VS38 antigen was cloned and shown to be identical to the human p63 gene. (ox.ac.uk)
  • On the basis of recent vertebrate studies, the HB9/MNR2 gene family is a prime candidate for a general determinant of somatic motoneuron cell type. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cloning is of several types-cell cloning, gene cloning, microbial cloning, plant cloning and animal cloning. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Gene cloning is the formation of multiple copies of the same gene. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • The various clones representing all the genes of an organism are called gene library of that organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • From gene library, a clone having a specific gene can be identified and this gene can be multiplied by growing the relevant clone in a culture for study. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Further, they are the first to identify a gene that provides anterior-posterior axon guidance in a large brain nucleus and link Frizzled3 to corridor cell development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using as hybridization probe cloned yeast YPT1 gene sequences, we have isolated from cDNA libraries prepared from RNA of mouse F9 and C3H10T1/2 cells several overlapping cDNA clones with identical sequence in the regions of overlap. (embl.de)
  • Two mRNAs of 1600 and 3200 nucleotides, originating from the mouse ypt1 gene and differing in the length of their 3'-non-translated region, were identified in mouse F9 cells and in all mouse tissues examined. (embl.de)
CDNA clones1
  • Two cDNA clones were identified upon screening of a Jurkat cell cDNA library with the B cell CR2 cDNA. (nih.gov)
Production of antibodies3
Genes7
  • In contrast, recombinant antibodies are monoclonal antibodies that are generated by cloning antibody genes into expression vectors and do not involve the use of hybridomas. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Thus, vertebrate HB9/MNR2 genes are expressed specifically in somatic motoneurons and are essential for distinguishing motoneuron/interneuron cell types. (jneurosci.org)
  • Ep-CAM functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule, and has a direct impact on cell cycle, proliferation and metabolism of epithelial cells and fibroblasts due to its ability to rapidly induce the proto-oncogene c-myc and the cell cycle regulating genes cyclin A and E. Ep-CAM mediates Ca2+-independent homotypic interactions. (thermofisher.com)
  • Bacteria may be used as living factories for synthesizing insulin, growth hormone, interferon's, vitamins and antibodies by introducing into them genes which code for these substances along with the plasmids. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Patients with this ailment lack the genes necessary to fix inaccuracies in DNA that arise spontaneously as cells replicate. (vigorcolumn.com)
  • The genes for two of these seven apyrases, APY1 and APY2, which have high sequence similarity, were cloned and characterized previously. (utexas.edu)
  • In classic mutp53-driven thymic lymphoma models, we found that precancerous clones exhibit broad chromosome number variations, upregulate precancerous stage-specific genes such as Ybx3 and enhance amino acid transport and metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Reactive1
  • Each type of pattern is a specific product of a clone of lymphocytes and it is the essence of the hypothesis that each cell automatically has available on its surface representative reactive sites equivalent to those of the globulin they produce. (wikipedia.org)
Hybridoma technology1
  • The revolutionary hybridoma technology involves injecting a particular antigen into a mouse and then isolating antigen-specific plasma cells from the animal's spleen. (conductscience.com)
Affinity chromatography2
  • In the present study, culture supernatant of a stable clone was collected and purified by affinity chromatography prior characterization. (boku.ac.at)
  • The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)
Soluble antibodies2
  • In 1955, Danish immunologist Niels Jerne put forward a hypothesis that there is already a vast array of soluble antibodies in the serum prior to any infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • [4] Soluble antibodies are released into the blood and tissue fluids , as well as many secretions . (wikipedia.org)
Epitope1
  • Antibodies have a fixed site, which is common in all types, and a variable site specific for a certain epitope. (healthandmedicine.net)
Infectious diseases2
  • Each of these infectious diseases is designated by the major target cell: human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by an E. equi -like organism. (cdc.gov)
  • For the past few decades, custom antibodies have been used to fight against autoimmune, cancerous, and infectious diseases. (conductscience.com)
Serum4
  • The earlier experiments on antibodies were based on the injection of serum of immunized animals into the diseased subjects. (conductscience.com)
  • They represent 70% or more of serum antibodies. (immunodia.com)
  • VWR provides the cell culture community with access to the most reliable supply of exceptional quality Fetal Bovine Serum: VWR Life Science Seradigm. (vwr.com)
  • Module B contained human serum samples for the detection of anti-DENV antibodies. (who.int)
Artificial antibodies3
Reacts3
  • This antibody reacts with the 76000 mol. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Description: The G8.8 monoclonal antibody reacts with the 40 kDa mouse EpCAM (epithelial cellular adhesion molecule), also known as EGP40 (epithelial glycoprotein 40), 17-1A antigen, TACSTD1 (tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1), and CD326. (thermofisher.com)
  • Our study shows that Jurkat human T cells have a molecule that reacts with both anti-CR2 antibodies and the third component of complement, C3. (nih.gov)
Lymphocytes4
  • The descendants are capable of active liberation of soluble antibody and lymphocytes, the same functions as the parental forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The resultant inflammatory mediators that are produced induce migration of lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells to the BMZ. (medscape.com)
  • Antibodies are synthesized by B cells (B lymphocytes) of the plasma cells which mature in the bone marrow. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • The development of skin sensitization is associated with, and requires, the activation and clonal expansion of allergen responsive T lymphocytes and it is these cells that orchestrate the cutaneous allergic reaction. (cdc.gov)
Immune response4
  • The concept was introduced by Australian doctor Frank Macfarlane Burnet in 1957, in an attempt to explain the great diversity of antibodies formed during initiation of the immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibodies from different classes also differ in where they are released in the body and at what stage of an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the ability to bias the phenotype (Th1or Th2) and quality (antibody affinity) of the immune response was examined. (uconn.edu)
  • In these tests, a blood sample is mixed with a known antigen to observe if an antibody is produced as a response or if an immune response occurs. (healthandmedicine.net)
Genetically identical3
  • The resulting group of genetically identical cells (called a clone) produces a large quantity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cloning is the production of living struc-tures genetically identical to their parent struc-ture. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • In certain outbreaks, the detection of a genetically identical strain of NLV among patients from different geographic locations provided substantial evidence to support the link among the cases that was indicated by epidemiologic observations. (cdc.gov)
Tumor cells2
  • Checkpoints regulate the immune system, but some forms of cancer turn off the checkpoint, freeing tumor cells to grow…unchecked. (oramune.com)
  • The new genetically engineered CAR T cell is designed to kill the original person's specific tumor cells. (oramune.com)
Vitro6
  • This unique duality makes them an attractive system for potential regenerative medicine and cell therapies, but also for differentiation studies in vitro and for modeling diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SIRPα-Fc-CD40L activated a type I interferon response in macrophages and potentiated the activity of ADCP-competent targeted antibodies both in vitro and in vivo . (aacrjournals.org)
  • Once they found human antibodies that looked promising, they evaluated in vitro (lab) the ability of those antibodies to neutralise the virus and selected an antibody for further characterisation. (aarogya.com)
  • METHODS: Clonal populations, obtained from both ovarian cancer cell lines (IGROV-1 and SKOV3) and tumor xenografts upon glucose deprivation, were defined as glucose deprivation resistant (GDR) or glucose deprivation sensitive (GDS) clones based on their in vitro behaviour. (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: Two clonal populations, GDR and GDS, with strikingly different viability following in vitro glucose starvation, were identified in ovarian cancer cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
  • MAIT cells showed stimulus-specific transcriptional responses in vitro, with cells positioned along gradients of activation. (bvsalud.org)
Tissues4
  • An autoimmune disorder caused when antibodies-immune system cells that fight off bacteria and viruses-mistakenly attack healthy body tissues and organs. (lupus.org)
  • Detecting and targeting precancerous cells in noncancerous tissues is a major challenge for cancer prevention. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using these reporters, we identified and traced rare precancerous clones in deep noncancerous tissues in various cancer models. (bvsalud.org)
  • MAIT cell clonal diversity was comparable to conventional memory T cells, with private TCR repertoires shared across matched tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Sequence5
  • With monoclonal antibody production, one B cell produces only one specific sequence of antibody to a given antigen. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • With this technology, the problems of cell line drift, antibody expression variations, and antibody sequence mutations associated with classical hybridoma production and storage can be avoided. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • It was hypothesized that increased levels of HBs expression, afforded by the HBVpA enhancer sequence would result in higher antibody titers and T-cell activation. (uconn.edu)
  • One of the clones possesses an identical nucleotide sequence to the one corresponding to B cell CR2, whereas the other represents a differentially spliced transcript which lacks the exon 8b of B cell CR2. (nih.gov)
  • In other outbreaks, the detection in the implicated vehicle of NLVs with a sequence identical to that of the strain detected from the patients confirmed the causal link. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria1
  • this surface organelle acts as a conduit between the bacteria and host cell ( 4 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Monovalent1
  • Their specific monovalent nature makes monoclonal antibodies very useful in highly targeted immunoassays and diagnostic applications. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Multiple epitopes2
Made from identical2
  • An antibody made from identical cells of the immune system, cloned from a single cell (monoclonal), may be the solution. (ifbb-academy.com)
  • Polyclonal antibodies are made from a range of immune cells, whereas monoclonal antibodies are made from identical immune cells that are all clones of a single parent cell. (vigorcolumn.com)
Multiply1
  • in which abnormal plasma cells multiply and produce excessive amounts of an antibody that damages organs. (msdmanuals.com)
Produces4
  • The first experimental evidence came in 1958, when Gustav Nossal and Joshua Lederberg showed that one B cell always produces only one antibody. (wikipedia.org)
  • In traditional methods, monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusion of B cells with an immortal cell to produce a hybridoma that produces many copies of the exact same antibody. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Each B cell produces a unique antibody for each antigen. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • Asexually reproducing lower animals like Amoeba proteus also produces clones. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Amino acid2
  • Monoclonal antibodies (mAb), as the name implies, are antibodies that are made by clones derived from a single parent cell, and therefore share identical amino acid sequences. (asianscientist.com)
  • Human and mouse IL-33 are 55% identical at the amino acid level. (hindawi.com)
Chimeric4
  • One of the leading technologies to emerge in mAb-based treatment is chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. (asianscientist.com)
  • Chimeric antibodies prepared as a result comprised V L and V H from mice and C H1 , C H2 , and C H3 from the human. (conductscience.com)
  • Some of the chimeric antibodies include rituximab and cetuximab. (conductscience.com)
  • The chimeric IgM produced from the stably expressing HEK293 cell line was evaluated for use as a surrogate human-positive control in a serologic diagnostic test. (cdc.gov)
Immunoglobulins1
Contrast4
  • In contrast, the remainder of the antibody is relatively constant. (wikipedia.org)
  • By contrast, gp130 was localized in the surface membranes of endothelial cells of human glomerular and renal interstitial capillaries, rather than in lysosomes, as found for h-lamp-2. (rupress.org)
  • In contrast, pluriopotency is the ability of a cell to develop ИПу type Ot the Cell in the animal body, for example, kidney cells or heart cells or nerve cells. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are monospecific antibodies that are the same because they are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell, in contrast to polyclonal antibodies which are made from several different immune cells. (immunodia.com)
Human6
  • By using these techniques for the characterization of the recombinant human Epo-Fc (rhEpo-Fc) molecule itself and furthermore, for the separate characterization of both subunits, we could clearly show that no significant differences in the core glycan structures compared to rhEpo and human antibody N-glycans were found. (boku.ac.at)
  • A major part of humanized antibodies is human-derived, with only one CDR derived from mice. (conductscience.com)
  • Eventually, entirely human custom antibodies were prepared by employing either two technologies, i.e., phage display or transgenic mice (Ruker and Knopp. (conductscience.com)
  • A human monoclonal antibody developed by researchers at MBL has been found to neutralise the HCV and prevent infection in a pre-clinical animal model of the disease, reports IANS. (aarogya.com)
  • IL-33 can promote survival, adhesion, and cytokine production in human mast cells [ 11 ], but the mechanism behind its involvement in inflammatory conditions remains unclear. (hindawi.com)
  • Major questions remain regarding the extent of human MAIT cell functional and clonal diversity. (bvsalud.org)
Mice7
  • It was originally developed in mice as a mouse antibody. (blogspot.com)
  • Initial studies discovered rapamycin could prevent cancer cell proliferation in mice and also recognised its usefulness in organ transplants. (ifbb-academy.com)
  • Although mice immunized with the βpA construct yielded no antibody responses, they did elicit the highest levels of IFN-γ. (uconn.edu)
  • Treatment of ovarian cancer xenografts with the anti-VEGF drug bevacizumab positively selected for GDR clones that disclosed increased tumorigenic properties in NOD/SCID mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] The failure of rabbit antimouse type VII collagen antibodies to induce blisters in C5-deficient mice supports a role for complement activation in the disease pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Immunization of type VII collagen in athymic nude SJL mice did not induce an autoimmune response, whereas the repletion of T cells from type VII collagen-immunized wild-type mice to the thymic mice showed autoantibody production and resulted in a blistering disease phenotype, supporting the role of T cells in the induction of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. (medscape.com)
Secrete1
Cellular3
  • Disrupting the binding of CD47 to SIRPα has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for advanced cancers by potentiating antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of targeted antibodies. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and CompBead to ensure that BD Comp beads are appropriate for your specific cellular application. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Used to attach to a single target on cells (mono) at a cellular level, to target and perform a specific function on those cells. (coldagglutinindisease-cad-cagd.com)
Diseases2
Secretory1
  • While it is not exclusively expressed on plasma cells, the presence of p63 distinguishes plasma cells from other lymphoid cells because of their high secretory activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Humans1
Infliximab1
Glycoprotein1
  • It is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd that has 4 allotypic forms on myeloid cells (eg, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), lymphoid cells (mostly B cells), follicular dendritic cells, and glomerular podocytes. (medscape.com)
Reactivity1
  • AIMS: To characterise the 64 kDa intracellular antigen present on normal and neoplastic plasma cells detected by monoclonal antibody VS38 and by another antibody, MC186, of similar reactivity. (ox.ac.uk)
Lymphoid Cells1
  • ICOS is expressed on either CD4+ or CD8+ single-positive mature thymocytes, T cells, or subsets of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC). (bdbiosciences.com)