Encephalitis virusPostinfectiousVirusesTetanusVenezuelanEEEVHerpesvirusAcuteAmerican Association of Equine PractitionersVaccinationMyalgic encephalomyelitisWest NileBlocking antibody responsesMonoclonal antibodiesInflammation of the brainInfectionAntigensHigh antibodyMaternal antibodyResponsesWesternDetectionMeningitisVeterinarianVaccineVesicular stomatitisPathogenVeterinary ServicesAbortionPremadeCranialFeverFlavivirusVirusClinicalStrainsFloridaAssociate professorImmuneOutbreaksAssay
Encephalitis virus5
- Perpetuation, overwintering, and extinction of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in northern foci are poorly understood. (cdc.gov)
- A) United States map showing locations of eastern equine encephalitis virus strains sequenced in this study. (cdc.gov)
- Density gradient characterization of disrupted and untreated Eastern encephalitis virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. (curehunter.com)
- They are transmitted through blood-feeding insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, and include viruses such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV). (encyclopedia.pub)
Postinfectious2
- Various types of encephalomyelitis include: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or postinfectious encephalomyelitis, a demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, possibly triggered by viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition to acute viral encephalitis, other less established and more unusual manifestations of viral infections include progressive neurologic disorders, such as postinfectious encephalomyelitis (such as may occur after measles or Nipah virus encephalitis) and conditions such as postpoliomyelitis syndrome, which has been considered by some to be as a persistent manifestation of poliovirus infection. (medscape.com)
Viruses8
- Other viruses that cause encephalomyelitis are Eastern equine encephalitis (found primarily in eastern Canada, US states east of the Mississippi river, and the Caribbean islands), Western equine encephalitis (found in western Canada, US states west of the Mississippi river, Mexico, and South America), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (found in Mexico, and Central and South America). (msdvetmanual.com)
- 1996. 'Antibodies to arthropod-borne encephalitis viruses in small mammals from southern Florida. (ufl.edu)
- A combination of inactivated, concentrated, adjuvanted, tissue culture origin equine encephalomyelitis viruses (Eastern and Western), equine influenza virus type H3N8 strains EIV A/eq/Florida/RW/13, EIV A/Equine 2/Kentucky/02 American, EIV A/eq/Richmond/1/07 and tetanus toxoid. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
- This product has been shown effective for the vaccination of healthy horses 6 months of age or older against Eastern and Western encephalomyelitis (EEE and WEE) viruses, equine influenza virus (EIV) and tetanus. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
- More recently, provocative studies have found high antibody seroprevalence to viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Lyssa viruses in multiple African countries, indicating the presence of a high number of undiagnosed cases every year, including high neutralizing titers of antibodies to rabies virus in 11% of a small cohort of asymptomatic Peruvians living in the Amazon with prior exposure to bats. (medscape.com)
- Equine arboviral encephalomyelitis is due to infection with arthropod-borne viruses typically belonging to the families Togaviridae (genus Alphavirus ) or Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus ). (msdvetmanual.com)
- Closely related or identical viruses are thought to cause encephalomyelitis of sheep in Norway, Spain, Turkey and Bulgaria, and the disease may be more widespread in Eurasia than is realized at present. (anipedia.org)
- Viruses that have been isolated in association with encephalomyelitis of sheep in continental Eurasia are as yet incompletely characterized, but they are considered to be either identical or similar to LIV. (anipedia.org)
Tetanus6
- Duration of immunity for Eastern and Western encephalomyelitis and tetanus has not been established. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
- The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) recommends that all horses be vaccinated for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
- Vaccination is recommended for all horses for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
- In accordance with the American Association of Equine Practitioners guidelines, core vaccinations for foals include eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis, West Nile, tetanus and rabies. (thetexashorseman.com)
- Core vaccines include rabies, tetanus, the West Nile Virus and Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis. (woodsendequine.com)
- There are a number of vaccines - against tetanus, rabies, eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis (EEE/WEE), and West Nile virus (WNV) - that are strongly recommended for all horses (with the rarely occurring exception of horses that have experienced serious adverse reactions to vaccinations in the past). (horsejournals.com)
Venezuelan2
- Infections with Eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalitis are generally severe and can progress to death over a short period of time. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccination survey in Arizona and New Mexico, 1972. (cdc.gov)
EEEV2
- To determine whether EEEV overwinters, is periodically reintroduced, or both, we sequenced the E2 and partial NSP3 coding regions of 42 EEEV isolates from New York State and the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that derived subclades tended to contain southern strains that had been isolated before genetically similar northern strains, suggesting southern to northern migration of EEEV along the Eastern Seaboard. (cdc.gov)
Herpesvirus3
- Influenza, equine herpesvirus, and strangles have both intramuscular and intranasal vaccines available. (ufl.edu)
- And if your horses travel to shows, racetracks or other locations where they might be exposed to other horses, you should consider risk-based vaccines for protection against equine herpesvirus Types 1 and 4, as well as equine influenza virus. (thetexashorseman.com)
- The number of samples collected and tested varied with the techniques used: 132 serum samples were tested for vesicular stomatitis (VS) and equine viral arteritis (EVA), 118 for western and eastern equine encephalomyelitis (WEE/EEE), 114 for equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), and 61 for equine influenza (EI). (bjvm.org.br)
Acute2
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Information Page at NINDS Pröbstel AK et al. (wikipedia.org)
- Louping ill (louping in Scottish dialect = leaping) is an acute encephalomyelitis caused by a tick-borne flavivirus. (anipedia.org)
American Association of Equine Practitioners1
- As the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) notes, "A 'standard' vaccination program for all horses does not exist. (depaoloequineconcepts.com)
Vaccination7
- We measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses before and after CoronaVac (inactivated) vaccination in a case-control study performed in CoronaVac-immunized individuals participating in a longitudinal prospective study of adults in Manaus (DETECTCoV-19). (bvsalud.org)
- Individuals with hybrid immunity resulting from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by vaccination (n = 22) had elevated levels of anti-N, anti-S-RBD and RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies after the second vaccine dose compared to infection-naïve individuals (n = 48). (bvsalud.org)
- Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses rapidly waned in infection-naïve individuals. (bvsalud.org)
- Antibody responses wane after vaccination, making individuals susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2 variants. (bvsalud.org)
- Vaccination for influenza and equine herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) is recommended in most cases, especially in performance horses and horses exposed to transient or young equine populations. (ufl.edu)
- Our veterinarian near Wantage is available for the vaccination needs of your equine. (woodsendequine.com)
- As a horse owner, it can be a challenge keeping up with equine vaccination recommendations. (woodsendequine.com)
Myalgic encephalomyelitis2
- Chronic fatigue syndrome, sometimes called myalgic encephalomyelitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Anomalies in the review process and interpretation of the evidence in the NICE guideline for chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis. (ox.ac.uk)
West Nile2
- West Nile virus and Western equine encephalomyelitis are less severe. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Horses with West Nile encephalomyelitis may have spinal cord incoordination, muscle contractions, and an abnormal sensitivity to touch. (msdvetmanual.com)
Blocking antibody responses1
- Peak anti-S-RBD and neutralizing RBD-ACE2 blocking antibody responses after two doses of CoronaVac vaccine were similar in vaccine breakthrough cases (n = 9) and matched controls (n = 45). (bvsalud.org)
Monoclonal antibodies4
- Two monoclonal antibodies raised against Sindbis virus were shown to be specific for the envelope glycoprotein E1 by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP). (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Both monoclonal antibodies could enhance virus infectivity of Fc receptor-bearing macrophage-like cells when present at suitable dilutions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Production of monoclonal antibodies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- In the past they could only be separated with difficulty in tests involving polyclonal antisera, 16, 17 but can now be differentiated by use of monoclonal antibodies. (anipedia.org)
Inflammation of the brain2
- Encephalomyelitis is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma , caused by viral (most common), bacterial, parasitic, or fungal infection ( infectious encephalitis ) or an antibody -mediated autoimmune response ( autoimmune encephalitis ). (amboss.com)
Infection5
- AIDS-related encephalomyelitis, caused by opportunistic Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. (wikipedia.org)
- We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust IgA and IgG response against the N-terminal (N1) and C-terminal (N3) region of the N protein, whereas we failed to detect IgA antibodies and observed a weak IgG response against the disordered linker region (N2) in COVID-19 patients. (bvsalud.org)
- Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to an elevated blood antibody response in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. (bvsalud.org)
- however, serologic testing and necropsy are required for definitive diagnosis of viral infection and subsequent encephalomyelitis. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Bovine leukosis virus has a worldwide distribution, but the prevalence of infection is higher in certain regions such as eastern Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Australasia. (anipedia.org)
Antigens1
- Animals remain infected for life and have persistent antibody responses to various BLV antigens. (anipedia.org)
High antibody1
- Individuals who were DENV-positive with high antibody titers by HIA or envelope protein domain III enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reacted strongly with ZIKV, whereas individuals with low anti-DENV antibody titers reacted poorly toward ZIKV. (bvsalud.org)
Maternal antibody2
- The presence of maternal antibody is known to interfere with the development of active immunity in foals and additional boosters will be required in most young animals. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
- But after the foal's first few months of life, these maternal antibody levels drop and may no longer offer protection. (thetexashorseman.com)
Responses2
- Antibody responses were measured by standard serological immunoassays. (bvsalud.org)
- The E protein is presumed to carry recognition sites for the attachment of virus to receptors on susceptible cells and is responsible both for the haemagglutinating property exhibited by most flaviviruses and for stimulating the production of antibody demonstrated in haemagglutination-inhibition tests and protective immune responses in the host. (anipedia.org)
Western2
- Hemolytic properties of eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- In 1964, the cause of death of one horse in Florida was attributed to western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEE). (ufl.edu)
Detection2
- Detection of certain blood antibodies (IgM) against the causative virus provides additional support for the diagnosis. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Additional testing with antibody detection of specific pathogen antibodies or autoantibodies is not necessary for all patients and should be performed as directed by clinical suspicion. (amboss.com)
Meningitis1
- they are usually characterized by diffuse encephalomyelitis Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis or meningoencephalomyelitis, signs of CNS dysfunction, and moderate to high mortality rates. (msdvetmanual.com)
Veterinarian1
- Having this information on whether you can vaccinate earlier would be valuable for horse owners, especially those who may have foals born later in the season," says Dr. Kevin Hankins, area veterinarian, equine technical services, Zoetis. (thetexashorseman.com)
Vaccine1
- Understanding genetic characterization of recent equine influenza outbreaks to assess relevance of vaccine influenza strains. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
Vesicular stomatitis1
- a) It comes from Australia where the following diseases are compulsorily notifiable: African Horse Sickness, Dourine, Glanders, Equine Encephalomyelitis (of all types including VEE), Infectious Anaemia, Vesicular Stomatitis, Rabies and Anthrax. (agriculture.gov.au)
Pathogen1
- Those antibodies then live in their bloodstream from then on, so should they encounter that pathogen in real life, full-strength, they will already have the tools to fight it. (woodsendequine.com)
Veterinary Services1
- In our area, there's a higher prevalence of Potomac horse fever," says Dr. Corey Todd, of Gilson Equine Veterinary Services in Peterborough, Ontario. (horsejournals.com)
Abortion2
- Broodmares require specific vaccines during gestation to prevent abortion and provide antibody-rich colostrum to the newborn foal. (ufl.edu)
- Genemedi developed the antigen and antibody to detect the non-infectious disease such as immune dysfunction, abortion and teratology, nonbacterial diarrheic disease, Prion associated diseases (Scrapie, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Chronical Waste Disease), winter dysentery and so on. (genemedi.com)
Premade1
- This mouse monoclonal antibody 16591YF is generated from premade hybridoma library, and specific for SARS coronavirus S (AA 301-322): QTSNFRVVPSGDVVRFPNITNL. (creative-biolabs.com)
Cranial1
- Subsequent diffuse encephalomyelitis causes clinical signs consistent with forebrain and cranial nerve dysfunction. (msdvetmanual.com)
Fever1
- About 93% had antiyellow fever virus 17D-reactive antibodies, whereas 80.5% reacted to wild-type yellow fever virus. (bvsalud.org)
Flavivirus1
- Antibody-mediated enhancement of flavivirus replication in macrophage-like cell lines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Virus6
- a horse may be infected with the virus, develop antibodies to it, and eliminate the virus without showing any obvious signs of illness. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Encephalomyelitis is caused by a virus, which is transmitted by mosquitos. (whitehallveterinary.com)
- When a virus or bacteria enters the animal's body for the first time, they will not possess an immunity, but introducing the disease prompts their system to manufacture antibodies to help fight it, explains the American Veterinary Medical Association . (woodsendequine.com)
- Other alphaviruses associated with equine encephalitis are Semliki Forest virus in Africa and Ross River virus in Australia and the South Pacific. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Due to the relative difficulty and risk of handling these dangerous pathogenic alphaviruses, Sindbis virus (SINV), that normally causes a mild rash and arthritis in humans but can cause fatal encephalomyelitis in mice, has been used extensively as a model system for the study of the infectivity and pathogenesis of alphaviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition, XJ-160 virus possesses some special biological characteristics, for example, we found that XJ-160 virus can be neutralized by anti-Sindbis antibody, but SINV can't be neutralized by anti-XJ-160 antibody, i.e. it has nonreciprocal serological reaction between XJ-160 virus and SINV. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical1
- Histopathology and clinical course of MOG-antibody-associated encephalomyelitis. (wikipedia.org)
Strains1
- PRESTIGE flu-containing equine vaccines contain the most updated flu strains available. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
Florida1
- Researchers in Florida reported antibodies to HJ in about 15% of the blue jays and scrub jays tested in Lake Placid, Florida, during 1994-95. (ufl.edu)
Associate professor1
- Preventive health is absolutely paramount," says Dr. Beth Davis, associate professor and section head of equine medicine and surgery at Kansas State University. (thetexashorseman.com)
Immune1
- Once this response is stimulated, antibodies remain in the body and the immune system retains the ability to recognize and combat the specific threat. (depaoloequineconcepts.com)
Outbreaks1
- The most recent outbreaks of PHF in Canada have occurred in eastern and southwestern Ontario, and parts of Alberta. (horsejournals.com)
Assay1
- Magnitude of RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies identified in a competitive assay and neutralizing antibodies detected by PRNT assay correlated with disease severity. (bvsalud.org)