• Recent work suggests that monoclonal antibodies may have therapeutic utility. (pasteur.fr)
  • We report the generation, characterization and epitope mapping of a panel of 26 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the VP1 capsid protein of feline calicivirus (FCV). (mssm.edu)
  • Here we generated pig influenza-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from H1N1pdm09 infected pigs. (pirbright.ac.uk)
  • Neutralization potency of monoclonal antibodies recognizing dominant and subdominant epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 Spike is impacted by the B.1.1.7 variant. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 100 monoclonal antibodies targeting epitopes on RBD, NTD, and S2 from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our RabMAb ® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. (abcam.com)
  • Our ZooMAb ® recombinant antibodies represent a new generation of monoclonal antibodies that are specifically engineered using our proprietary technologies that provide state-of-the-art consistency and applications performance. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This platform acquired its unique name because of its proprietary B cell immortalization technology that also allows us to produce monoclonal antibodies in a wide range of species. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In traditional methods, monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusion of B cells with an immortal cell to produce a hybridoma that produces many copies of the exact same antibody. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Their specific monovalent nature makes monoclonal antibodies very useful in highly targeted immunoassays and diagnostic applications. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In contrast, recombinant antibodies are monoclonal antibodies that are generated by cloning antibody genes into expression vectors and do not involve the use of hybridomas. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Unlike monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma technology, recombinant antibodies maintain a high degree of specificity and low immunogenicity over longer periods of time. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The Western blot is a technique used to identify candidate hybrids, clones, subclones and monoclonal antibodies of interest that recognize and bind to one or more specific molecular weight proteins of interest. (mayo.edu)
  • Abcam is leading the way in addressing this with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation. (abcam.com)
  • The assay is proprietary to Merck and licensed to Pharmaceutical Product Development (PPD), Inc. The 9-plex format includes beads with L1-VLPs and monoclonal antibodies specific for HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31,33,45,52 and 58. (cdc.gov)
  • The biological treatment with monoclonal antibodies might be the way to stabilize patients with Rasmussen´s encephalitis, mainly late-onset, to prevent them from harmful and devastating hemispherectomy. (nel.edu)
  • In this study, we characterize the linear B-cell epitopes for three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to Hev b 5. (cdc.gov)
  • In this work, we evaluated 24 anti-BoNT/B monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for their ability to inhibit the in vitro activity of BoNT/B1, /B2, /B3, /B4, and /B5 and to extract those toxins. (cdc.gov)
  • 1] This is in contrast to the CA 15-3 assay, which utilizes two monoclonal antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions are also involved in activation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators ( 12 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In immunology, a linear epitope (also sequential epitope) is an epitope-a binding site on an antigen-that is recognized by antibodies by its linear sequence of amino acids (i.e. primary structure). (wikipedia.org)
  • An antigen is any substance that the immune system can recognize as being foreign and which provokes an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since antigens are usually proteins that are too large to bind as a whole to any receptor, only specific segments that form the antigen bind with a specific antibody. (wikipedia.org)
  • But, when an antigen is broken down in a lysosome, it yields small peptides, which can be recognized through the amino acids that lie continuously in a line, and hence are called linear epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hence, they are considered a mixture of antibodies that can react with multiple epitopes on the surface of the antigen. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Polyclonal antibodies are generally more tolerant of minor changes in the antigen, such as heterogeneity of glycosylation, polymorphism, or slight denaturation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • With monoclonal antibody production, one B cell produces only one specific sequence of antibody to a given antigen. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • However, when compared to polyclonals they are more vulnerable to the loss of epitope through chemical treatment of the antigen. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Because of the evidence of antigen-driven selection and the long CDR3 region (21 amino acids [aa]), we further characterized the epitope targeting of monoclonal Ab (MAb) 76-Q3-2C6 (2C6). (nih.gov)
  • It plays a role in antigen capture, phagocytosis of IgG/antigen complexes, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (biolegend.com)
  • The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen . (wikipedia.org)
  • [2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
  • To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)
  • The class hence determines the function triggered by an antibody after binding to an antigen, in addition to some structural features. (wikipedia.org)
  • After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structurally an antibody is also partitioned into two antigen-binding fragments (Fab), containing one V L , V H , C L , and C H 1 domain each, as well as the crystallisable fragment (Fc), forming the trunk of the Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recognized KT3 epitope represents the amino acid sequence KPPTPPPEPET derived from the Simian Virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen. (novusbio.com)
  • The latex allergen Hev b 5 is an antigen with repetitive murine B-cell epitopes. (cdc.gov)
  • This is a classic type II reaction in the Gell and Coombs classification of antigen-antibody reactions. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer antigen 27-29 (or CA 27-29) is an epitope of a large transmembrane mucin glycoprotein named MUC1 that is expressed on the cell surfaces of most glandular epithelia. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, most antibodies recognize a conformational epitope that has a specific three-dimensional shape (tertiary structure). (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous studies in our laboratory characterized a panel of highly mutated HIV-specific conformational epitope-targeting antibodies (Abs) from a panel of HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). (nih.gov)
  • The fact that different amino acids were included in the epitope depending on the targeted protein supports the conclusion that 2C6 targets a native conformational epitope. (nih.gov)
  • conformational epitope. (nih.gov)
  • Not recommended because this antibody recognizes a conformational epitope. (anobase.org)
  • Anti·His HRP Conjugate Kits, including the RGS·His HRP Conjugate Kit (His tag conjugates) and Penta·His HRP Conjugate Kit (6xHis tag conjugates), are intended for sensitive detection of recombinant proteins carrying His tags, without the need for secondary antibodies. (qiagen.com)
  • Antibodies targeting CD markers or other extracellular proteins may be added prior to fixation if the epitope is disrupted by formaldehyde and/or methanol. (cellsignal.com)
  • Antibodies have become one of the most important tools in life science research, allowing the detection, quantitation, and determination of changes in proteins and other molecules with respect to time and other perturbations. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Antibodies are heavy (~150 k Da ) proteins of about 10 nm in size, [7] arranged in three globular regions that roughly form a Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Site-directed mutagenesis was used to selectively eliminate the IgG binding for each epitope and single and multiple mutations were expressed as recombinant GST fusion proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody recognition of the mutant proteins was determined by inhibition ELISA. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhibition ELISA with the mutant proteins indicated that epitope 126-131 was the dominant epitope, but mutation of epitope 120-125 was also required to eliminate mAb reactivity to Hev b 5. (cdc.gov)
  • LIMR scientists have generated a unique patient-derived huMab that recognizes a common structural feature of all mammalian and bacterial amyloid proteins. (mainlinehealth.org)
  • GAS M proteins share epitopes (antigenic-determinant sites that are recognized by antibodies) with proteins found in synovium, heart muscle, and heart valve, suggesting that molecular mimicry by GAS antigens from rheumatogenic strains contributes to the arthritis, carditis, and valvular damage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Novel cell-based assays were developed to assess antibody-dependence cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies against both vaccine and a representative circulation strain HA and NA proteins for the 2014-15 influenza season. (cdc.gov)
  • In pre- and post-vaccine sera from 70 participants in a pre-season vaccine trial, we found ADCC antibodies and a rise in ADCC antibody titer against target cells expressing the 4 proteins but a much higher titer for the vaccine than the circulating HA in both pre-and post-vaccine sera. (cdc.gov)
  • Further, they tested P2G3 activity in antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. (news-medical.net)
  • Hence, a monoclonal antibody is considered a collection of identical antibodies secreted by a single B cell clone with specificity for only one antigenic epitope. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The Antibody Hybridoma Core offers hybridoma, clone and subclone supernate screening by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). (mayo.edu)
  • Clone 10.1 recognizes the EC3 epitope of CD64. (biolegend.com)
  • The mAbs recognized the same two major immunodominant haemagglutinin (HA) epitopes targeted by humans, one of which is not recognized by post-infection ferret antisera that are commonly used to monitor virus evolution. (pirbright.ac.uk)
  • In therapeutic applications, camelid VHH needs to be humanized to reduce the risk of immunogenicity and anti-drug antibody (ADA) development in humans. (genscript.com)
  • A complete understanding of the epitope specificity of ADCC-mediating Abs is essential for developing effective immunization strategies that optimize protection by these Abs. (nih.gov)
  • As the target of 2C6 is available in the major clades of HIV and has robust ADCC activity, further definition and appreciation of targeting of antibodies similar to 2C6 during vaccine development should be considered. (nih.gov)
  • These differences in HA ADCC antibodies were not reflected in differences in HA binding antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • These Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions provide a direct link between the innate and adaptive immune systems by combining the potent antiviral activity of innate effector cells with the diversity and specificity of the adaptive humoral response. (frontiersin.org)
  • GenScript MonoRab™ Rabbit Anti-VHH antibodies show ultra-high specificity for VHH-based CAR T cells. (genscript.com)
  • AMPA receptor variants were identified with a polyclonal antibody recognizing the conserved extracellular loop region of all four AMPA receptor subunits (GluR1-4, both flip and flop ), whereas NMDA receptors were immunolabeled with a polyclonal antibody that binds to an extracellular N-terminal epitope of the NR1 subunit, common to all splice variants. (jneurosci.org)
  • Antibodies that recognize extracellular epitopes and can thus label iGluRs on living neurons are important tools for the study of receptor localization and dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
  • Autoantibodies to DSC3 in Pemphigus Exclusively Recognize Calcium-Dependent Epitope in Extracellular Domain 2. (nih.gov)
  • Obinutuzumab is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 subclass that recognizes a specific epitope of the CD20 molecule found on B-cells. (medscape.com)
  • Polyclonal or monoclonal antibody technology offers different advantages that are desirable for specific applications. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Polyclonal antibodies are produced as a result of the activation of numerous different antibody producing B cells in an animal. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Identification of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) epitopes recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to IGF I. Endocrinology. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For optimal indirect immunohistochemical staining, the M17/4 antibody should be titrated (1:10 to 1:50 dilution) and visualized via a three-step staining procedure in combination with polyclonal, biotin conjugated anti-rat Igs (multiple adsorbed) (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The blot was probed with Anti-Fyn Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (Product # MA1-12607, 1-3 µg/mL) and detected by chemiluminescence using Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Superclonal™ Secondary Antibody, HRP conjugate (Product # A28177, 0.4 µg/mL, 1:2500 dilution). (thermofisher.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons encoding Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) were used to generate the original mouse monoclonal antibody. (anobase.org)
  • They consist of anti·His antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). (qiagen.com)
  • After incubation with the primary antibody and washing, slides can be incubated with biotinylated rabbit anti-mouse antibody and streptavidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • RBD is the dominant target for neutralizing antibodies, and several neutralizing epitopes on RBD have been molecularly characterized. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The latest VOC, Omicron, carries 37 mutations in its spike protein, most of which lie within the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the target for neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). (news-medical.net)
  • What epitopes do the Anti-His Conjugates and Anti-His Antibodies recognize? (qiagen.com)
  • The table below lists the epitopes recognized by the Anti-His Conjugates and Anti-His Antibodies. (qiagen.com)
  • The core uses secondary antibody conjugates specific for gamma chain (IgG) subclass isotypes, which are more desirable to obtain. (mayo.edu)
  • Secondary antibody conjugates specific for mu chain (IgM) subclass isotypes can also be performed upon request. (mayo.edu)
  • It is ideal to be used for humanized VHH antibody detection. (genscript.com)
  • In detection procedures, the anti·His antibody binds to a protein's His tag and the complex is localized using chemiluminescent or chromogenic substrates that react with HRP. (qiagen.com)
  • Recombinant antibodies serve as highly specific detection probes in research, they are fast finding their niche in the detection of different pathogens and toxins and have great potential in therapeutic applications. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Any class of Ig is detected, but detection is restricted to the specific neutralizing epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody. (cdc.gov)
  • The antibody can be used for detection of EBOV GP in ELISA. (anobase.org)
  • Researchers in the Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School and at Brigham and Women's Hospital are adapting an antibody-detection tool to study the aftermath of infections by the novel coronavirus that is causing the current global pandemic. (harvard.edu)
  • Preparation and application of anti-peptide antibodies for detection of orphan cytochromes P450. (nel.edu)
  • Sera from each period ( n = 185 and n = 693) were screened in an epitope blocking enzyme immunoassay for flavivirus antibody detection. (who.int)
  • Description: This 1RNM44N monoclonal antibody recognizes mouse CD170, also known as Siglec F. Siglec F is a cell surface lectin belonging to the Ig superfamily that binds glycoconjugates containing sialic acids that are commonly found on various cell types. (fishersci.com)
  • We confirmed that 2C6 binds preferentially to trimeric envelope and recognizes the clades A, B, and C SOSIP trimers. (nih.gov)
  • Vaccination studies have established a direct cor- botulism is largely supportive, although prompt administration relation between antibody titer to PA and survival after lethal of an antitoxin may reduce the severity of symptoms by neu- challenge with virulent anthrax spores (7,8). (cdc.gov)
  • A case of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I with strong positive GAD antibody titer, followed up with glucose tolerance measured by oral glucose tolerance test. (nel.edu)
  • As GAD antibody showed a high-titer of >10,000 U/ml and fasting plasma glucose level showed a rising trend, we performed 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 6 years after discharge. (nel.edu)
  • A patient with a high-titer GAD antibody does not always have progressive glucose intolerance. (nel.edu)
  • Murakami R, Kawai T, Meguro S, Hayashi M, Itoh H. A case of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I with strong positive GAD antibody titer, followed up with glucose tolerance measured by oral glucose tolerance test. (nel.edu)
  • The BL6 antibody recognizes the C epitope of the CD1a molecule. (beckman.com)
  • These eukaryotic systems offer additional advantages of protein folding, post-translational modifications, and a secretion apparatus that enhances the secretory production of antibodies. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with APC/Fire™ 750 under optimal conditions. (biolegend.com)
  • The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with Brilliant Violet 711™ under optimal conditions. (biolegend.com)
  • While performing molecular assays involving use of antibodies such as in the Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA, one should carefully choose antibodies that recognize linear or conformational epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, in immunohistochemistry where protein structure is preserved, antibodies that recognize conformational epitopes are preferred. (wikipedia.org)
  • This antibody has been developed for the immunohistochemistry application. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Store undiluted at 4°C. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Antibody was isolated by affinity chromatography using the peptide immobilized on solid support. (novusbio.com)
  • First, the research team screened serum samples from a cohort of more than 100 donors for the presence of antibodies against spike. (news-medical.net)
  • Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic, vesiculobullous, mucocutaneous autoimmune fatal disease, characterized by the presence of antibodies against adhesion molecules (desmoglein, Dsg3) present on the surface of keratinocytes, leading to the loss of cellular adhesion or acantholysis and is typically associated with oral lesions 1-5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • The competitive Luminex Assay is based on the ability of antibodies in the serum to compete with labeled type-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody for binding to beads coated with L1-Viral-like particles (VLPs). (cdc.gov)
  • If a person has encountered a particular viral strain, their immune system has generated antibodies against it. (harvard.edu)
  • According to published observations, an autoimmune reaction may be triggered by the viral S epitope. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) was not discovered until 1989, it was recognized for many years that a viral agent was responsible for many cases of posttransfusion or parenterally transmitted hepatitis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Purchase ready-to-use Flow Cytometry Antibody Dilution Buffer ( #13616 ), or prepare a 0.5% BSA PBS buffer by dissolving 0.5 g Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) ( #9998 ) in 100 ml 1X PBS. (cellsignal.com)
  • Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined. (novusbio.com)
  • GenScript has developed a series of rabbit monoclonal (MonoRab™) anti-VHH antibodies to facilitate your research of VHHs. (genscript.com)
  • However, screening by ELISA may not detect antibodies that recognize conformational epitopes of interest. (mayo.edu)
  • Des préparations d'antigènes bruts de Setaria equina ont été utilisées dans le cadre des méthodes ELISA et transfert Western afin d'étudier la réaction croisée avec des sérums humains en provenance de zones endémiques pour la filariose de Bancroft. (who.int)
  • Well-characterized monoclonals recognizing repeated epitopes would be a good choice for immunodetection of Hev b 5 in glove extracts where individual epitopes could get altered by the manufacturing process. (cdc.gov)
  • The induced IgG and IgM antibodies were able to stimulate various Fc-mediated effector mechanisms associated with protection against malaria, including phagocytosis, release of reactive oxygen species, production of IFN-γ as well as complement activation and fixation. (nature.com)
  • These antibodies can be cloned from any species using suitable oligonucleotide primers. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Recombinant antibody production from most species consist of a heavy and a light chain and it is important to note that to accomplish maximum IgG production in mammalian cells, one must achieve a balanced expression of both heavy and light chains. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Flavivirus antibodies were detected in 13 species, and one Australasian gannet ( Morus serrator ) from one site was positive for antibodies to Ross River virus. (who.int)
  • NTD-specific antibodies formed two distinct groups: the first was highly potent against infectious virus, whereas the second was less potent and displayed glycan-dependant neutralization activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mutations present in B.1.1.7 Spike frequently conferred neutralization resistance to NTD-specific antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To track VHH in patients, animal models, and cell cultures, specific anti-VHH antibodies are required. (genscript.com)
  • High representative flow-cytometry profiles of the phage antibodies MA3.G3, MA3.B4 and mAb 3F4 (in black) with human cells of lymphoblastoid, myeloid and neuronal origin are shown in respect to an irrelevant phage antibody, specific for glucose oxidase, or to an IgG2b isotype control (solid line). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Passive antibody therapy has substantial advantages over antimicrobial agents and other measures for postexposure prophylaxis, including low toxicity and high specific activity. (cdc.gov)
  • This article proposes a biological defense initiative based on developing, producing, and stockpiling specific antibody reagents that can be used to protect the population against biological warfare threats. (cdc.gov)
  • Unfortunately, inducing a the advantages and disadvantages of an antibody-based protective response by vaccination may take longer than the defense strategy, and proposes stockpiling specific antibodies time between exposure and onset of disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Nine to 14 days after the fusion, hybrid supernatants are tested for the presence of the specific antibody of interest. (mayo.edu)
  • Due to their simpler structure, nanobodies are more stable and easier to produce and engineer, making them ideal building blocks for complex modalities such as cell therapy, bispecific antibody and engager, multi-specific antibody, antibody drug-conjugate (ADC), and radionuclide antibody-conjugate (RAC). (businesswire.com)
  • Biocytogen is actively seeking collaborations with global pharmaceutical and biotech companies to combine its large-scale nanobody development abilities with collaborators' expertise in nanobody-related therapeutics, such as cell therapies, bispecific and multi-specific antibodies, ADCs and RACs, to develop novel drugs with first-in-class and/or best-in-class potentials. (businesswire.com)
  • The M17/4 antibody specific for mouse CD11a is recommended to test for immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen sections. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Using these antibodies, in conjunction with GluR2-specific and synaptophysin antibodies, we have directly localized and quantified surface-expressed native AMPA and NMDA receptors on cultured living hippocampal neurons during development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using subunit-specific antibodies, however, it is not possible to distinguish between the absence of AMPA receptors and the lack of a particular subunit on the cell surface. (jneurosci.org)
  • A number of factors have recently contrib- a specific immune response, mediated by multiple mechanisms, uted to an increase in the attention focused on hypersensitivity including IgE antibody. (cdc.gov)
  • Our previous work described a monoclonal antibody (HlyIIC-20), capable of strain -specific inhibi-tion of hemolysis caused by HlyII, and demonstrated the dependence of the efficiency of hemol-ysis on the presence of proline at position 324 in HlyII outside the conformational antigenic de-terminant. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the first season, testing for antibodies to specific alphaviruses was conducted on samples with sufficient sera ( n = 22). (who.int)
  • Cross-reaction was found between S. equina antigens and antibodies in the sera of Wuchereria bancrofti-infected patients, with the highest levels observed between sera of chronic infected patients and Setaria spp. (who.int)
  • An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikipedia.org)
  • The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • This binding of antibodies can be visualized as the linear deposition of immunoglobulin along the glomerular basement membrane and, less commonly, the alveolar basement membranes, by direct immunofluorescent techniques. (medscape.com)
  • The isotype control recommended for use with this antibody is purified rat IgG2a (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Antibodies are a key component of the human adaptive immune system, and the elicitation of antibodies has been correlated with vaccine efficacy in many diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • They eliminate the need for secondary antibodies, saving time in immunodetection procedures. (qiagen.com)
  • Antibodies can exert their protective functions via a multitude of mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, biological immunity is passive immunization with protective antibody. (cdc.gov)
  • A mixture of all three anti-EBOV GP chimeric antibodies was protective against lethal challenge in a nonhuman primate study (Olinger et al. (anobase.org)
  • Immunization of mice with NGI-1-treated virus significantly reduced antihemagglutinin and antineuraminidase titers of total serum antibody and reduced hemagglutinin protective antibody responses. (cdc.gov)
  • This work demonstrates that neutralizing antibodies targeting subdominant epitopes should be considered when investigating antigenic drift in emerging variants. (ox.ac.uk)
  • No. A02014 ) is broadly reactive, and is ideal to be used for VHH antibody screening. (genscript.com)
  • The autoantibodies bind to their reactive epitopes in the basement membranes and activate the complement cascade, resulting in tissue injury. (medscape.com)
  • As tumor cells shed the MUC1 protein into the bloodstream, CA 27-29 is recognized by a single monoclonal antibody, which recognizes a 20 amino-acid sequence in the mucin core. (medscape.com)
  • Comparison of the effect of the introduced mutations on the effectiveness of interaction between HlyIICTD and HlyIIC-20 and a control antibody recognizing a non-overlapping epitope enabled identifying the amino acid residues N339, K340 included in the conformational antigenic determinant rec-ognized by HlyIIC-20. (bvsalud.org)
  • We identified an immunodominant B-cell epitope in Hev b 5 that is repeated 3 times within the sequence, making Hev b 5 multivalent. (cdc.gov)
  • The protein-bound membrane is then incubated with a known or test antibody reagent, followed by a secondary antibody conjugated with a color indicator enzyme or substrate (or radiolabeled isotope). (mayo.edu)
  • No. 559286) as the secondary antibody and Streptavidin-HRP (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Applications Reported: This 1RNM44N antibody has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis. (fishersci.com)
  • Applications Tested: This 1RNM44N antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of mouse thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells. (fishersci.com)
  • This Cell Signaling Technology antibody is conjugated to FITC and tested in-house for direct flow cytometric analysis in mouse cells. (cellsignal.com)
  • Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis . (biolegend.com)
  • Compared to traditional antibodies, nanobodies have smaller molecular weights and improved tissue penetration ability, which make them effective at infiltrating tumors and crossing blood-brain barriers. (businesswire.com)
  • Endopep-MS currently uses an antibody-affinity concentration/purification step before the enzymatic reaction with the substrate, and the choice of antibody is critical for the success of this assay [ 5 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • We describe here the isolation of human neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against tetrameric Gn/Gc glycoprotein spikes from PUUV-experienced donors. (pasteur.fr)
  • We define a dominant class of nAbs recognizing the "capping loop" of Gn that masks the hydrophobic fusion loops in Gc. (pasteur.fr)
  • A subset of nAbs in this class, including ADI-42898, bound Gn/Gc complexes but not Gn alone, strongly suggesting that they recognize a quaternary epitope encompassing both Gn and Gc. (pasteur.fr)
  • IL-4 and IL-10 that are produced by T(H)2 that participate in humoral response and antibody production. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, recombinant antibody technology reduces the use of animals in research and offers exceptional batch-to-batch consistency. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Human antibody recognizing a quaternary epitope in the Puumala virus glycoprotein provides broad protection against orthohantaviruses. (pasteur.fr)
  • The M17/4 antibody reacts with the 180 kDa αL chain of LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18, αLβ2 integrin), a heterodimeric surface glycoprotein expressed on almost all leukocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Moreover, miltuximab, a chimeric anti-GPC1 antibody, was shown to be safe and well tolerated when radiolabeled in a clinical trial 21 . (nature.com)
  • It is recommended that the antibody be carefully titrated for optimal performance in the assay of interest. (fishersci.com)
  • the individual had the highest antibody levels, with a broad range against several variants in a previous neutralization assay. (news-medical.net)
  • Histologically, PV can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay of anti-Dsg3 antibodies in the sera6 and blister fluid 7 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Anti·His HRP Conjugate Kits consist of the QIAexpress Anti·His Antibodies chemically coupled to the reporter enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). (qiagen.com)
  • and a second epitope spanning amino acids 445-451 (ITTANQY), highly variable and recognized by neutralizing MAbs. (mssm.edu)
  • A recent study published in Nature Microbiology identified a monoclonal antibody (mAb) neutralizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variants. (news-medical.net)
  • Those antibodies will then recognize the epitope in the VirScan library and bind to it, giving a positive result. (harvard.edu)
  • In this review, we discuss the properties of Fc receptors, antibodies, and effector cells that influence ADCP. (frontiersin.org)
  • Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • Likewise, it is only the paratope of the antibody that comes in contact with the epitope. (wikipedia.org)
  • The antibody detects GP in virus-like particles (VLP) and recombinant GP without the transmembrane region (rGPΔTM). (anobase.org)
  • The tool, called VirScan, detects antibodies in people's blood that indicate active and past infections by viruses and bacteria. (harvard.edu)
  • Using its proprietary RenMab™/RenLite ® /RenNano ® mice platforms for fully human monoclonal antibody, bispecific/multispecific antibody and nanobody development, Biocytogen has integrated its in vivo drug efficacy screening platforms and strong clinical development expertise to streamline the entire drug development process. (businesswire.com)