Antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is another retrovirus that causes a common infectious disease in felines by suppressing the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Accurately screen for FIV, FeLV, and feline heartworm antigen in just 10 minutes-all with one sample. (idexx.com)
Not all feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infected cats are the same. (idexx.com)
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLv) are related to Human Iimmunodeficiency Virus, and Human Leukemia Virus, respectively, and these viruses are immunosuppressive. (usda.gov)
FIV, and FeLv were determined in sera from 75 domestic and 101 feral cats (Felis catus) from the Caribbean Island of Grenada, West Indies. (usda.gov)
None of the 176 cats was positive for FeLv antigen. (usda.gov)
Description Detects antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen. (chxa.com)
Detection of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies by a rapid immunoassay method. (wsu.edu)
It has been recognized that cats with a compromised immune system, such as those who are positive for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukemia virus (FeLV), may have an increased risk of stomatitis . (petplace.com)
FIV Ab/FeLV Ag Combo Rapid Test Kits detect both Feline Immunodeficiency Virus antibodies and Feline Leukemia Virus antigens in cats with a simple and rapid process. (hengshengmd.com)
Acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and in some cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). (nih.gov)
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are the two non-vector-borne pathogens for which potential feline blood donors should be tested. (everycat.org)
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) are both retroviruses that vitally affect domestic cat populations. (cloudfront.net)
Unlike some forms of viruses that infect cells and then kill them, FeLV and FIV actually alter the genetic material of the infected cell and turn cells into little virus factories. (cloudfront.net)
FeLV and FIV in cats are serious and unfortunately incurable diseases, the best way to prevent the spread of these diseases is to have your cat tested regularly. (cloudfront.net)
The Bioguard VETlabs Feline leukemia Virus (FeLV) Ag/ Feline immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) Ab Combo Test is a sandwich lateral flow immunochromatographic assay, developed by Bioguard Corporation for enabling the simplicity of rapidly testing or detecting the feline leukemia virus antigen and feline immunodeficiency Virus antibody in cat's blood. (cloudfront.net)
Optional vaccinations are appropriate in certain situations, including the Feline leukemia vaccine (FeLV) and the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus vaccine. (vetamc.com)
The FeLV is strongly recommended for all cats. (vetamc.com)

This virus is fairly common and infection rates gradually increase with a cat's age. (wikipedia.org)
The cat then enters an asymptomatic stage of FIV infection, which can last for months or even years. (petplan.co.uk)
If an FIV-positive cat does become ill with a secondary infection, it's vital they see a vet straight away to get appropriate treatment for that condition. (petplan.co.uk)
It shares many similarities with its human counterpart and is studied to understand correlates of immune-protection and mechanisms of disease progression in cats, both to improve the welfare of infected cats and as an animal model for the pathogenesis of HIV infection in humans. (gla.ac.uk)
The studies reported in this thesis addressed this lack of knowledge by examining sequential blood samples obtained during the course of natural FIV infection in a population of 44 privately owned domestic cats. (gla.ac.uk)
By determining the cell tropism of isolated viral variants, it was shown that sick cats were more likely to harbour viruses of the "late" phenotype than healthy animals, similar to the co-receptor switch observed during the progression of HIV infection. (gla.ac.uk)
By assessing the strength and breadth of neutralising antibodies (NAbs), it was shown that NAbs did not appear to influence the course of natural FIV infection, arguing against a role in controlling infection and disease progression. (gla.ac.uk)
Furthermore, in the country where commercial FIV vaccine is licenced, we identified and characterised the virus strain which was likely able to establish infection in vaccinated cat and raised concerns of vaccine's efficacy. (gla.ac.uk)
Overall this study broadens our understanding of natural FIV infection, and highlights that much can be learned, not from the similarities but rather by studying the differences between the feline and human lentiviruses. (gla.ac.uk)
There have been sporadic reports of infections in pet cats in COVID-households, which demonstrates that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and could act as virus reservoirs. (gla.ac.uk)
Furthermore, serological studies and experimental infections have demonstrated that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (gla.ac.uk)
The risk of reverse zoonosis and the potential for the establishment of cats as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, warranting the investigation of the susceptibility of cats to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their capacity to transmit the virus to cats and other species as the pandemic progresses. (gla.ac.uk)
LUTZ, Fla.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- CytoDyn Inc. (the 'Company') (CYDY), a biotechnology company focused on the development of new therapies for combating infection with immune deficiency viruses, announced today that it has retained Gibraltar Associates for corporate communications and investor relations services. (aol.com)
With one monoclonal antibody in development for the treatment of HIV infection in humans and the other in felines, we believe this is the right time to launch a comprehensive communications plan to educate the market regarding monoclonal antibodies as potential new therapies to treat HIV infection as well as identify high-quality institutional investors,' said Dr. Nader Pourhassan, interim President and CEO of CytoDyn. (aol.com)
The Company is a biotechnology company focused on the development of new therapies for combating infection with immune deficiency viruses and other antibody applications. (aol.com)
The Company intends to explore the clinical development of Cytolin(R) for persons infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus ('HIV') to determine if it could perturb the natural course of HIV infection. (aol.com)
In addition, the Company is exploring the possible application of its existing proprietary monoclonal antibody for the treatment of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ('FIV'), a retroviral infection in cats. (aol.com)
Feline AIDS is caused by infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). (greencrossvets.com.au)
After infection there is a period of variable length during which the virus lives in the cat's body but may not cause the cat to become unwell. (greencrossvets.com.au)
FIV positive cats should be kept indoors both to limit their exposure to infections and to prevent spread of the infection to other cats. (greencrossvets.com.au)
According to veterinarians, it is quite common for FIV positive cats to acquire some type of fungal or bacterial infection. (catsphd.com)
The FIV vaccination is available at Monash Veterinary Clinic and can be given to cats to help prevent against FIV infection and hence the spread of FIV within the cat population. (monashvet.com.au)
In the healthy cat population the rate of FIV infection is expected to be considerably lower. (monashvet.com.au)
Cats can remain reasonably healthy after infection for varying amounts of time. (monashvet.com.au)
At Monash Veterinary Clinic, we have a quick and simple blood test available which detects antibodies in the cat's blood to the FIV infection. (monashvet.com.au)
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) can cause an irreversible infection in cats. (chappellevet.ca)
Initially, for a few weeks after infection as the virus is spreading through the body, a cat may have a low-grade fever, enlarged lymph nodes, or other vague signs of illness that may never be detected. (chappellevet.ca)
Similarly, kittens younger than 6 months can test positive not because they are infected, but because they acquired antibodies to the infection from their mother's milk. (chappellevet.ca)
There are 4 main stages of infection caused by FIV and not all cats will develop each stage. (firstvet.com)
If your cat was in a fight, if you just adopted a new cat or found a stray cat you decided to care for, you should get this test done twice, about 60 days apart, to avoid missing a recent infection. (firstvet.com)
However, this test is not as accurate as the antigen tests and cannot differentiate between true infection and a cat that was vaccinated for FIV. (firstvet.com)
Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) an infection supplies a related animal mannequin to review HIV-1 neutralization breadth. (aetox.com)
Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) Antigen Rapid Test Kits offer a quick and reliable way to detect FCoV infection in cats. (hengshengmd.com)
Evaluation of subunit vaccines against feline immunodeficiency virus infection. (elisakits.co.uk)
Mucosal infection and vaccination against feline immunodeficiency virus. (nih.gov)
Feline immunodeficiency virus infection: an overview. (nih.gov)
Feline immunodeficiency virus infection--causative agent of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in cats. (nih.gov)
Her most significant scientific contributions have included the identification of determinants of virulence amongst feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates, the development of methods to confirm FIV and feline leukaemia virus infections in diagnostic samples, the identification of vaccine-induced enhancement of FIV infection and elucidation of the mechanism of protection induced by whole inactivated FIV vaccines. (gla.ac.uk)
She has also identified immunological correlates of feline retroviral infection, discovered the primary and co-receptor molecules for FIV infection, and more recently identified the first case of human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK. (gla.ac.uk)
Sometimes a viral infection, such as feline immunodeficiency virus, can cause immunodeficiency. (thenest.com)
These antibodies are produced by the body's immune system during infection. (catoropets.com)
Among immunodeficient individuals, toxoplasmosis most often occurs in those with defects of T-cell-mediated immunity, such as those with hematologic malignancies, bone marrow and solid organ transplants, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ).In most immunocompetent individuals, primary or chronic (latent) T gondii infection is asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
During a primary infection, the cat can excrete millions of oocysts daily for 1-3 weeks. (medscape.com)
Infection can occur by ingestion of oocysts following the handling of contaminated soil or cat litter or through the consumption of contaminated water or food sources (eg, unwashed garden vegetables). (medscape.com)
If a cat has a positive antibody test after 6 months of age, in most cases they really do have FIV infection. (buzzyflow.com)
Small quantities consumed by the family pet will not harm the pet, but people with immunodeficiency may be prone to a local virus infection. (fohn.net)
People become infected by a cat bite or scratch, which does not need to be severe for infection to occur. (msdmanuals.com)
But in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, AIDS, or another condition that weakens the immune system, infection can spread throughout the body and, without treatment, can be fatal. (msdmanuals.com)
Semi-infectious particles contribute substantially to influenza virus within-host dynamics when infection is dominated by spatial structure. (cdc.gov)
Soft Tissue Infection of Immunocompetent Man with Cat-Derived Globicatella Species. (cdc.gov)
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is population to determine the kit's sensitivity a global health problem, with an estimated and specificity compared to a reference test. (who.int)

Viral infections are similar between male and female domesticated cats whereas in the wild, more feral females cats are affected with FeFV. (wikipedia.org)
The FeFV viral genome is linear with (+) single stranded RNA or double stranded DNA depending on the timing of reverse transcription as this process occurs later in the replication cycle of foamy viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Because the virus has a late reverse transcription, which results in the viral particles containing DNA instead of RNA, it raises question to if this virus is actually considered a DNA virus or RNA virus. (wikipedia.org)
Foamy viruses are unique and complex retroviruses with their viral replication strategies being different from conventional retroviruses. (wikipedia.org)
The virus has many long attachments or spikes (15 nm) that aid in the viral entry into various cell types in the host. (wikipedia.org)
The foamy virus protease cuts the Gag protein and thus activates the viral core disassembly at the organizing center. (wikipedia.org)
Viral replication occurs in the upper and lower respiratory tract and shed infectious virus can be detected in nasal washes, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs, and viral RNA is detectable in faeces and occasionally urine. (gla.ac.uk)
This viral disease interferes with the immune system of the infected cat and is is potentially fatal. (greencrossvets.com.au)
As you may know, the term immunodeficiency refers to the inability of the body's immune system to stay strong enough to fight bacterial and viral infections. (thefluffykitty.com)

Screen all cats to detect specific antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in feline serum, plasma, or anticoagulated whole blood. (idexx.com)
Evaluate all cats for feline heartworm disease by identifying heartworm antigen in feline serum, plasma, or anticoagulated whole blood. (idexx.com)
Sample Population -Serum and fecal samples from 87 cats with diarrhea, 106 cats without diarrhea, and 12 cats for which fecal consistency was unknown. (avma.org)
Serum was assayed for feline leukemia virus antigen and antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus, IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii , and IgG antibodies against T gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum . (avma.org)
VDRG® FIV Ab Rapid kit is a chromatographic immunoassay for the detection of Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibody in feline serum, plasma, or whole blood. (novavetequipment.com)
These can include FHV isolation, serology (for example serum neutralizing titers and ELISA assays), ﬂuorescent antibody and PCR analysis. (elisakits.co.uk)
FHV ELISA kit is designed for measuring antibodies against feline herpes virus (FHV or FHV-1) using plasma or serum samples. (elisakits.co.uk)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of feline herpes virus 1 IgG in serum, aqueous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid. (elisakits.co.uk)
The authors discuss the basic utility and limitations of common tests such as microscopic cytology of blood smears for infectious agents, blood cultures, serum antigen tests, molecular assays such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serum antibody tests. (everycat.org)
The Anti Jc Virus Antibody Tysabri reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (essentialbiosafety.info)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Pig Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Antibody (IgG) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. (essentialbiosafety.info)

Get the facts about feline immunodeficiency virus or FIV in cats, including what to expect if your pet is diagnosed and how to care for a cat with FIV or AIDS. (petplan.co.uk)
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is an important pathogen of domestic cats which in some cases can lead to feline AIDS. (gla.ac.uk)
Ultimately, it remains unknown why some infected cats remain healthy while others progress to AIDS rapidly. (gla.ac.uk)
Although not necessary a prerequisite, this is likely to explain why many naturally infected cats can remain healthy and do not progress to AIDS. (gla.ac.uk)
FIV is NOT the same virus as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes Human AIDs. (greencrossvets.com.au)
The positive FIV test result in vaccinated cats does not mean that they have Feline AIDs, it just shows that they have produced antibodies to protect against the virus. (greencrossvets.com.au)
Like HIV in humans, cats infected with FIV will eventually be affected by a reduced ability to fight off infections due to an impaired immune system and will develop a condition known as feline AIDS. (monashvet.com.au)
Although FIV is similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in people, FIV cannot be transmitted to people, and cats cannot carry HIV. (chappellevet.ca)
However, cats with FIV may have immune deficiencies that eventually make the cats vulnerable to the same secondary diseases that people with depressed immune systems can acquire (for example, chronic diarrhea or respiratory or skin problems that people with HIV/AIDS or individuals undergoing chemotherapy treatments can have). (chappellevet.ca)
cats as well can have their own version of HIV or AIDS. (thefluffykitty.com)
This might remind you of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which leads to the development of AIDS through the process of replication. (thefluffykitty.com)
Feline AIDS symptoms differ and occur as a result to the weak immune system of the cat which now is unable to fight as it is supposed to and that is why the cat gets sicker and sicker, getting affected by secondary infections. (thefluffykitty.com)
FIV was discovered in 1986 at a California cattery, where cats were falling ill with symptoms similar to those of AIDS. (catster.com)
The human immunodeficiency virus, which causes AIDS, was identified and named between 1983 and 1986. (catster.com)

Some cats require antibiotics for infections and random SNAP tests, which look for feline immunodeficiency virus antibody, feline leukemia virus antigen, and feline heartworm antigen, are sometimes administered to gauge the overall health of the colony. (e-know.ca)

Following an examination of samples collected from a group of privately owned Australian vaccinates, it was shown that the Fel-O-Vax FIV vaccine did not induce cross-reactive neutralising antibodies. (gla.ac.uk)
Responsible pet ownership and the recent introduction of a vaccine for FIV are important ways in which we can protect our cats from this debilitating disease. (monashvet.com.au)
If you have a cat that is outdoors only, gets into fights, or lives with a housemate that has FIV, this is still a good vaccine to consider. (firstvet.com)
She conducts research in infectious disease pathogenesis, diagnostics and vaccine development, with a focus on feline viruses. (gla.ac.uk)
Any cat that receives the FIV vaccine will test positive for FIV antibodies. (catster.com)
The current FIV tests - the 'snap test' performed at shelters and vets' offices and the more complex Western Blot - can't distinguish between antibodies produced by the vaccine and antibodies produced by the virus. (catster.com)
Many factors determine when a puppy will respond to a vaccine, given that the mother's antibodies, if still present, will neutralize the vaccine. (vetamc.com)
Note that although many vets still insist on giving the four-in-one distemper vaccine to dogs on an annual basis, Animal Medical Care has adopted the consensus statements of the American Animal Hospital Association and the American Association of Feline Practitioners that there is more than adequate evidence that the combo distemper vaccines need to be given only every three years. (vetamc.com)
We also recommend the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus vaccine for all outdoor cats to prevent deadly retrovirus. (vetamc.com)
We recommend that you request a non-adjuvanted rabies vaccine for your cat, as this is believed to reduce the risk. (healthcareforpets.com)
There is a widely available one-year feline rabies vaccine, but just recently, a three-year non-adjuvanted feline rabies vaccine was released. (healthcareforpets.com)
As knowledge about feline immunology and vaccine technology improves, many former recommendations have become obsolete. (tica.org)
Cats must be healthy to adequately respond to a vaccine. (tica.org)
In addition, if a kitten still has circulating antibodies in its system from its mother, ingested during its first 18 hours of life, it will be unable to respond to an injected vaccine. (tica.org)
The addition of a vaccine at 20 weeks is due to recent evidence that as many as 1/3 of all cats may not be protected against panleukopenia if the vaccine series is stopped at 16 weeks. (tica.org)

There is increased risk for the disease among outdoor cats, unneutered males, and cats with other diseases (especially respiratory disease, mouth diseases, and abscesses). (affigen.com)
These disorders can be worsened by the presence of other infectious diseases, such as feline panleukopenia or calicivirus. (affigen.com)
FIV is among the most widespread cat diseases worldwide. (petplan.co.uk)
The infected cat is now at risk of developing a range of diseases, including mouth and gum inflammation, respiratory infections, skin problems, eye infections, blood disorders, stomach upsets and cancers. (petplan.co.uk)
Gibraltar will offer integrated consulting services to highlight CytoDyn's development of monoclonal antibody therapies for the treatment of HIV and other infectious diseases, as well as increase the Company's visibility with the institutional investor community. (aol.com)
Humans are unlikely to contract zoonotic diseases from contact with their healthy cats and so in most cases do not need to relinquish them. (vin.com)
Isolation is important to prevent a cat from transmitting FIV to other cats and to prevent the infected cat (with a weakened immune system) from contracting diseases from other cats in the neighborhood. (chappellevet.ca)
She has been a member of the European Advisory Board for Cat Diseases (ABCD) since 2005 and was elected as President of the newly established Association, ABCD Europe, in 2019. (gla.ac.uk)
According to a study printed in the Journal of Wildlife Management, "Cats that live outdoors, even just part of the time, are at risk of death from other cats, predators, and vehicles, as well as diseases such as rabies, feline leukemia, and parasites. (e-know.ca)
As a kitten, vaccines are given for several common diseases: feline distemper, three respiratory organisms, and rabies. (vetamc.com)
The core vaccines for cats protect against diseases that are serious and common. (healthcareforpets.com)

There are multiple infectious agents of the gastrointestinal tract that can be shared between cats and humans. (vin.com)
Prevalence rates for most infectious agents were generally greater in cats with diarrhea. (vin.com)
Once a cat contracts FIV, it will remain infected and infectious to other cats for life. (monashvet.com.au)
It can weaken a cat's immune system (immunosuppression) and make the cat susceptible to other infectious organisms such as bacteria, other viruses, yeast, fungi, etc. (secondary or "opportunistic" infections). (chappellevet.ca)
The Infectious Canine Hepatitis Antigen Rapid Test is a quick and effective diagnostic tool for the detection of the canine hepatitis virus in dogs. (hengshengmd.com)
FIV stands for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, and is a common infectious disease in cats that is caused by a retrovirus. (catoropets.com)
Sporozoites become infectious 24 hours or more after the cat sheds the oocyst via feces. (medscape.com)

Detection of protective antibody titers against feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpes virus-1, and feline calicivirus in shelter cats using a point-of-care ELISA. (elisakits.co.uk)

Mother cats can also transmit the virus to their kittens while they are in the womb and through breast milk. (affigen.com)
Young kittens have the highest risk for catching the virus, whereas adults may have some inherent protection. (affigen.com)
Kittens are very susceptible to Feline leukemia virus and can develop cancer as the disease progresses. (wikipedia.org)
Pregnant FIV-positive cats can pass the virus on to their kittens in the womb, during birth or through their milk but, remarkably, the majority of kittens aren't affected. (petplan.co.uk)
FIV is spread mostly by biting but can also be transmitted by a mother cat to her kittens across the placenta or through her milk. (greencrossvets.com.au)
Kittens can be tested for FIV but sometimes the antibodies they receive in their mother's milk can interfere with the test and can cause a false result. (greencrossvets.com.au)
Queens (mother cats) can infect their kittens in utero through the placenta or after the kittens are born and are nursing. (firstvet.com)
One TNR campaign resulted in 80 adult cats (most not spayed or neutered) and about 60 kittens. (e-know.ca)
When a TNR is required, a M2BL volunteer will, with the use of humane live traps, capture both the adult cats and their kittens, and transfer them to a veterinarian to be checked out (no easy feat with a feral cat, to say the least). (e-know.ca)
Litter and food for all the cats are provided by M2BL, until they are returned to their former location, in the case of adults, or, in the case of kittens, until they are adopted. (e-know.ca)
Without enough fosters to care for all of them, some kittens are not getting the socialization they need to be adoptable and end up as barn cats rather than in loving homes. (e-know.ca)
The Winn Feline Foundation recommends that any young kittens testing positive for FIV be retested when they're over 6 months old. (catster.com)
Some newborn kittens are at risk for immunodeficiency, especially if they didn't receive enough mother's milk. (thenest.com)
These kittens are nearly always truly FIV-negative, because it's almost unheard of for this particular virus to pass directly from the mom to the kitten. (buzzyflow.com)
All members of the felid family, from kittens to lions and tigers, share a common feline ancestor which lived in Southeast Asia approximately 11 million years ago. (stanleyresearch.org)
Most domestic cats, particularly kittens, throughout the world are infected but most show no signs of illness. (msdmanuals.com)

If she is vaccinated for feline herpesvirus, or if she's exposed to it by interacting with an infected cat, the antigens in the virus will interact with the cells in her immune system. (thenest.com)

Immunoassay for detection of feline immunodeficiency virus core antigen. (tamu.edu)
A microdilution plate format, monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of the FIV group-associated antigen (gag) designated p24. (tamu.edu)
The chromatographic membrane moves and is captured by the pancrelipase-specific antibody pre-coated on the chromatographic membrane, forming a wine-red detection line at the T position of the stuck shell, and the pancrelipase concentration result can be output by the ICA image analyzer. (hwtai.com)
Our Canine Corona Virus Antigen Rapid Test is a reliable and convenient solution for the detection of corona virus in dogs. (hengshengmd.com)
Detection of feline herpes virus-specific antibodies and DNA in aqueous humor from cats with or without uveitis. (elisakits.co.uk)
Relative sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction assays used for detection of feline herpes virus type 1 DNA in clinical samples and commercial vaccines. (elisakits.co.uk)
Each investigator should optimize the coating conditions, the assay sensitivity, the type of enzyme and substrate, as well as the concentrations of the capture and detection antibodies to achieve desired results. (rndsystems.com)
Advances in isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods for hepatitis B virus detection. (cdc.gov)

It makes cats susceptible to other infections in a similar way that HIV does in humans. (petplan.co.uk)
This eventually makes them susceptible to secondary infections from bacteria, viruses and other germs - even ones that are normally harmless to cats. (petplan.co.uk)
This paper reports Toxoplasma infections in cats from Grenada, West Indies. (usda.gov)
It is likely that SARS-CoV-2 will establish as an endemic virus of humans, which has the potential to lead to reverse zoonotic infections in animals that live close to humans. (gla.ac.uk)
Recently cat-to-human transmission was reported, demonstrating that a successful cross-species jump of SARS-CoV-2 into cats has the potential to expand the host range of the virus and generate an additional source of infections for humans and other species. (gla.ac.uk)
Direct contact with cat feces (enteric zoonoses), respiratory secretions, urogenital secretions, or infected skin and exudates, as well as bites and scratches can result in human infections. (vin.com)
As the disease progresses the cat's immune system becomes too weak to fight off other infections or disease and as a result, the cat will usually eventually die from one of these subsequent infections. (greencrossvets.com.au)
Unfortunately, this makes cats who are infected prone to other infections. (catsphd.com)
In addition to a frail coat, cat's who have this virus may also suffer from skin infections on a regular basis. (catsphd.com)
Rapid supportive or palliative therapy can help with any secondary infections the cat may contract as a result of being FIV positive but will not cure the FIV itself. (monashvet.com.au)
Feline herpes virus (also called FHV or FHV-1) is a contagious ubiquitous virus which is responsible for causing upper respiratory infections (URIs, also more commonly known as cat flu). (elisakits.co.uk)
Feline leukemia can have a similar impact, and it can make Kitty vulnerable to the recurrence of previously dormant infections. (thenest.com)
Feline immunodeficiency virus attacks the immune system and can cause anemia, oral infections, neurologic disease and cancer. (thenest.com)
Some cats appear healthy despite being infected with the virus, and they are at increased risk of infections. (thenest.com)
Eventually the cat can become so vulnerable to secondary infections, that common bacteria, viruses, or fungal infections can cause severe illness. (catoropets.com)
In this phase, the virus spreads throughout the cat's immune system until it is too weak to combat infections effectively. (catoropets.com)
FIV-positive cats are at higher risk of developing secondary infections, and these infections can affect their life expectancy. (catoropets.com)
In particular, owners of cats as companion animals may acquire Toxoplasma infections from their pets. (biomedcentral.com)

Easily implement feline health protocols as recommended by the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) and the American Heartworm Society. (idexx.com)
These guidelines are put forth by the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA), the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA), and the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP). (healthcareforpets.com)

Feline leukemia virus affected cats can develop anemia (a low red blood cell level), cancers, and/or suppression of the immune system. (affigen.com)
Feline immunodeficiency virus - more commonly known as FIV - is a condition that weakens a cat's immune system. (petplan.co.uk)
Sadly, there's no cure for FIV, but many infected cats live a happy and healthy life for years before their immune system becomes compromised by the virus. (petplan.co.uk)
Many of the symptoms shown by cats with FIV are due to the immune suppression caused by the disease rather than as a direct effect of the virus itself. (greencrossvets.com.au)
In cats, FIV attacks their immune system. (catsphd.com)
The treatment a cat receives focuses on keeping the immune system boosted. (catsphd.com)
Similarly to canine stomatitis, an immune-related cause is usually suspected in the majority of cats due to the presence of antibody secreting cells, called plasma cells , that are found when inflamed tissue is examined microscopically. (petplace.com)
These cats are unable to fight off the progression of dental disease due to their weakened immune system. (petplace.com)
Do Adult Cats Have Strong Immune Systems to Fight Off Viruses? (thenest.com)
The adaptive immune system protects Kitty from specific foreign invaders, such as particular viruses or bacteria. (thenest.com)
If it's unsuccessful, her adaptive immune system will kick in to fight the specific virus that's trying to infect her. (thenest.com)
If her immune system is effectively protecting her against herpesvirus, then she has an active immunity against it and her body will manufacture antibodies to protect her as needed. (thenest.com)
Not all adult cats have healthy immune systems that can fight viruses, bacteria or parasites. (thenest.com)
Several viruses can affect Kitty's immune system. (thenest.com)
The virus attacks white blood cells which leads to the weakening of the cat's immune system. (catoropets.com)
Cats may develop inflammation of gums and mouth, immune-mediated blood disorders, and cancer. (catoropets.com)
Unlike the COVID antigen test, though, it detects antibody, a footprint of the immune response to the virus, and not traces of the virus itself. (buzzyflow.com)
are proteins produced by the immune system to help defend the body against a particular attacker, such as the bacteria that cause cat-scratch disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Studies characterising the immune response in patients with COVID-19 show that the correlates of protection in infected individuals are T-cell responses against the SARSCoV-2 spike protein and neutralising titres of immunoglobin G and immunoglobin A antibodies. (bvsalud.org)

When a puppy nurses, it receives temporary immunity through the mother's milk via proteins called maternal antibodies. (vetamc.com)

Feline panleukopenia virus, also known as feline distemper, is highly contagious and life-threatening. (thenest.com)

Recommendations are made in this paper regarding appropriate blood-borne pathogen testing for canine and feline blood donors in North America so that this life-saving therapy can be provided as safely as possible to dogs and cats in need of whole blood and blood component transfusions. (everycat.org)

Our Canine Distemper-Adeno Virus Antigen Combo Test Kits allow for the quick and accurate diagnosis of both distemper and adenovirus in dogs. (hengshengmd.com)
The Canine Corona Virus Antigen Rapid Test is a simple and rapid diagnostic tool for detecting the presence of the Canine Corona Virus. (hengshengmd.com)
Update on canine and feline blood donor screening for blood-borne pathogens. (everycat.org)

Feline leukemia virus is transmitted between cats via infected saliva and urine. (affigen.com)
Although the major mode of transmission has not been specifically documented, FeFV has been identified in the saliva of many affected cats. (wikipedia.org)
The Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is commonly spread through the saliva. (catsphd.com)
Cats are infected most commonly through biting during a cat fight, as the virus is present in saliva. (monashvet.com.au)
In addition, these cats have an increase of ammonia in their saliva, causing ulcerations and exacerbating inflammation. (petplace.com)
The infected cat has the virus in its saliva, which is then spread through the bite wound. (catoropets.com)
Rabies is a virus within saliva that is transmitted through bites, wounds, inhalation, and ingestion of tissue. (healthcareforpets.com)
Once the rabies virus reaches the salivary glands, it is released into the saliva. (fohn.net)

FPL Test feline Panereatie Lipase Rapid Test is a rapid test strip developed based on immunochromatographic colloidal gold technology for quantitatively detecting the concentration of pancreatic lipase in cat blood. (hwtai.com)
With high sensitivity and specificity, the FCoV Antigen Rapid Test helps to quickly identify infected cats, allowing for prompt treatment and management of the disease. (hengshengmd.com)

Widespread testing and vaccination efforts have helped to reduce the prevalence of the disease over the past 30 years, and in 2010 approximately 3% of the cats in the United States were infected. (affigen.com)
The vaccination has been shown to protect 82% of cats vaccinated. (greencrossvets.com.au)
We strongly recommend that all cats which are vaccinated also get a microchip inserted at the time of their first vaccination if they are not already microchipped. (greencrossvets.com.au)
The production of antibodies is how the cat's body reacts to both the vaccination and the virus. (greencrossvets.com.au)
In an unvaccinated cat greater than 6 months of age, it is recommended an FIV test be performed prior to commencing the FIV vaccination program as older cats are more likely to have been exposed to the virus especially if they can come into contact with other unknown cats. (monashvet.com.au)
In addition, microchipping prior to or at the time of the first FIV vaccination is recommended as lost or missing cats which are picked up by some shelters may be tested for FIV using an in-clinic antibody test which cannot differentiate between a vaccinated and infected cat hence may be euthanased if ownership cannot be identified. (monashvet.com.au)
Vaccination can be effective in minimizing Kitty's risk of exposure to illnesses such as distemper and feline leukemia. (thenest.com)
What follows is a feline vaccination schedule with a brief outline of each disease you can vaccinate against, why you would, the pros and cons of doing so, and details that will help you make the best decision about your pet's vaccination program. (healthcareforpets.com)
For this reason, cats without proof of vaccination that are reported to have bitten someone are often quarantined for a few weeks and monitored for these symptoms to determine if they could have potentially transmitted rabies during that bite. (healthcareforpets.com)
The most important thing to be aware of with rabies vaccination in cats is which product your veterinarian may be offering. (healthcareforpets.com)
If a cat or kitten is running a fever, for example, vaccination failure may result. (tica.org)

What are the symptoms of FIV in cats? (petplan.co.uk)
If you suspect your pet might have FIV - for example, if they've recently been bitten in a cat fight and are showing early symptoms - keep them indoors, away from other cats, and contact your vet. (petplan.co.uk)
Some catteries will take cats who are FIV-positive, provided they have no symptoms. (petplan.co.uk)
The average length of time between becoming infected and the start of symptoms related to the virus is 7 years but may be as long as 10 years, or as little as less than a year. (greencrossvets.com.au)
Generally these symptoms will resolve and the cat will appear healthy for a period of time before starting to show other symptoms of the disease as it progresses. (greencrossvets.com.au)
Once a cat is infected with FIV, it may take years for any symptoms to appear. (catsphd.com)
It also focuses on treating any symptoms that are caused by the virus. (catsphd.com)
This latent stage can last for many years before the cat shows any outward signs of illness (clinical signs or symptoms). (chappellevet.ca)
These symptoms depend upon which cells the virus "chose" to infect, and are often nonspecific. (chappellevet.ca)
The presence of such symptoms, particularly in cats that roam or have been strays in the past (and therefore may have been exposed through bites from other cats) leads a veterinarian to want to test a cat for FIV, to confirm or eliminate FIV as a cause of the symptoms. (chappellevet.ca)
The lentivirus is a very slow-moving virus which explains why cats do not develop any symptoms for quite a long time. (thefluffykitty.com)
Most cats living with the Feline immunodeficiency virus do not develop symptoms for a long time. (thefluffykitty.com)
It is given twice daily and is most helpful in cats that have severe oral inflammation (stomatitis) or are showing neurologic symptoms. (firstvet.com)
It is possible for cats to progress from these initial symptoms to become ill and develop pneumonia or heart failure. (elisakits.co.uk)
When a cat catches FIV, the symptoms are normally so mild that they go unnoticed. (catoropets.com)
Over time, the virus spreads to lymph nodes throughout the body and results in symptoms like mild fever and loss of appetite. (catoropets.com)
No symptoms occur during the incubation period for the rabies virus, which, in humans, may be as little as 9 days, usually is 20-90 days, but can even be as long as several years. (fohn.net)
Usually, people have no other symptoms, and cat-scratch disease resolves on its own. (msdmanuals.com)

In fact, Cornell University Feline Health Center states that FIV is much like the human virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (catsphd.com)
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is the cat equivalent of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (monashvet.com.au)
Because the feline immunodeficiency virus is in the same family of viruses as the human immunodeficiency virus, FIV-positive cats can help researchers develop treatments that could improve the lives of HIV-positive people. (catster.com)

Lack of association between feline AB blood groups and retroviral status: a multicenter, multicountry study. (nih.gov)

Feline foamy virus or Feline syncytial virus (FeFV or FFV) is a retrovirus and belongs to the family Retroviridae and the subfamily Spumaretrovirinae. (wikipedia.org)
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, or FIV, is a retrovirus that infects felines only (it cannot spread to people, dogs or other animals). (firstvet.com)
She is also a member of the panel that is responsible for updating the AAFP: Feline Retrovirus Management Guidelines. (gla.ac.uk)

Cats are the main reservoir of T. gondii because they are the only hosts that can excrete the resistant stage (oocyst) of the parasite in the feces. (usda.gov)
A cat becomes infected with T gondii by eating contaminated raw meat, wild birds, or mice. (medscape.com)
Since felines are the definitive host of T. gondii , it is useful to know about them. (stanleyresearch.org)

Assays of serially diluted samples containing disrupted virus showed that the assay had a sensitivity limit of approximately 0.2 ng/ml for FIV p24. (tamu.edu)
A qualitative confirmation assay by standard antibody inhibition techniques was coupled to the screening test methodology. (tamu.edu)
A fourfold increase in phase II immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titer by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) of paired acute and convalescent specimens is the diagnostic gold standard to confirm diagnosis of acute Q fever. (medscape.com)

A diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus - more commonly known as FIV - in your cat isn't as scary as it might sound. (petplan.co.uk)
Areas such as children's sandboxes may be commonly contaminated with these organisms because of the defecation habits of cats. (vin.com)
Cats with uremia , a result of kidney disease causing a buildup of waste products in the blood, commonly suffer from oral inflammation. (petplace.com)
Some historians claim that ferrets were used more commonly than cats to protect the grain. (stanleyresearch.org)

However, cats of all ages can catch the virus and develop the disease. (affigen.com)
There has been controversy on whether FeFV is nonpathogenic as the virus is generally asymptomatic in affected cats and does not cause disease. (wikipedia.org)
Outdoor cats are at the highest risk of disease, especially if they fight with other cats. (greencrossvets.com.au)
If your cat has best tested and is negative for FIV then he or she can be vaccinated against the disease. (greencrossvets.com.au)
According to PetMD at least 30 percent of cats with FIV suffer from upper respiratory tract disease. (catsphd.com)
however, any cat can acquire this disease. (chappellevet.ca)
The disease is also rarely transmitted from an infected mother cat to her nursing kitten in the milk. (chappellevet.ca)
With easy-to-read results and high sensitivity and specificity, this test provides a reliable and cost-effective solution for feline disease screening. (hengshengmd.com)
But as understanding of the disease and treatment techniques have evolved, FIV-positive cats are living longer, healthier lives. (catster.com)
When an FIV-positive mother cat gives birth, the young ones do inherit the antibodies (the cells that fight off the disease) but usually not the virus itself. (catster.com)
Once those antibodies used to fight off disease-causing organisms are used up, they aren't replaced. (thenest.com)
Cats may appear normal and show no clinical signs of the disease for years. (catoropets.com)
However, a puppy is also at the greatest risk of disease as soon as the mother's antibodies disappear. (vetamc.com)
FIV is usually spread through deep bite wounds, and is overwhelmingly a disease of adult cats, especially sexually active males. (buzzyflow.com)
The non-core vaccines for cats are optional and should be considered based on your pet's individual risk of exposure to the disease. (healthcareforpets.com)
People with cat-scratch disease have a red, painless bump at the site of the scratch, and some have a fever, headache, poor appetite, or swollen lymph nodes. (msdmanuals.com)
To diagnose cat-scratch disease, doctors measure antibodies to the bacteria in the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
The average 52 seconds that cats in the clinic-like environment took is abnormal, and could theoretically contribute to urinary disease. (tica.org)

The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a recently identified feline lentivirus that has been found at significant levels in domestic cat populations worldwide. (tamu.edu)

Western Blot is another type of test that detects antibodies to FIV. (firstvet.com)

The standard range of feline herpes virus (FHV and FHV-1) using current FHV ELISA kit is qualitative and quantitative. (elisakits.co.uk)

A cat with passive immunity can't replenish its immunity. (thenest.com)
Factors include the level of immunity in the mother dog, how much antibody was absorbed, and the number of vaccines given to the puppy. (vetamc.com)

The American Association of Feline Practitioner's (AAFP) Zoonoses Guidelines states 'All human or animal care providers should provide accurate information to pet owners concerning the risks and benefits of pet ownership so that an informed decision about acquiring and keeping pets can be made' (Brown et al , 2003). (vin.com)
The AAFP recommends that the minimal diagnostic plan to assess for enteric zoonoses in cats with diarrhea include a fecal flotation, Cryptosporidium spp. (vin.com)

Cats who have been diagnosed with the virus are generally very healthy and go on to live normal lives, however if the cat also is infected with FIV (Feline immunodeficiency virus) it is advised to keep your cat indoors and away from other animals. (wikipedia.org)
Cat welfare organisations recommend keeping FIV-positive cats indoors , or only letting them outside in a secure enclosure, to minimise their risk of infecting other cats. (petplan.co.uk)
Cats that have FIV must be kept indoors and isolated from other cats. (chappellevet.ca)
If your cat does test positive for FIV and the test has been confirmed, keep your kitty indoors only to deter the further spread of the virus in the community. (firstvet.com)
An FIV-positive cat should be kept indoors and separate from healthy cats to minimize the risk of transmission. (catoropets.com)

A positive test result indicates that an unvaccinated cat has circulating antibodies against FIV and, therefore, is likely infected. (idexx.com)
Access the SNAP Feline Triple Test product insert, accuracy data, sample preparation, results interpretation information , and more. (idexx.com)
FIV is diagnosed through a simple antibody test. (petplan.co.uk)
The test was used to detect and confirm the presence of virus in cultured feline lymphocytes from infected animals. (tamu.edu)
It is reported that between 14% and 29% of cats in Australia and New Zealand test positive for FIV. (greencrossvets.com.au)
A blood test can tell us if the cat as been exposed to the virus from 60 days after the cat is first infected. (greencrossvets.com.au)
If you are introducing a new cat to your house then it is best to test the new cat for FIV first. (greencrossvets.com.au)
Once the blood sample is obtained, a veterinarian will use a special test for antibodies. (catsphd.com)
If the test is negative, it may still be recommended that your cat has a retest done. (catsphd.com)
After adding the sample to the sample well of the test paper card, if there is pancreatic lipase in the sample, and the concentration of pancreatic lipase is greater than or equal to 3 μg/L, the pancreatic lipase will bind to the corresponding specific antibody labeled with colloidal gold to form a complex along the layer. (hwtai.com)
Whilst the only way to definitely diagnose FIV in a cat is to perform a special blood test, a veterinarian will often suspect a cat of having FIV based on their history and clinical signs. (monashvet.com.au)
For example, a frequently or persistently sick adult male cat would be regarded as having a high probability of being affected with FIV and would warrant having an FIV blood test. (monashvet.com.au)
The latent period may last for many years in FIV-positive cats, and a positive test result in a cat that is otherwise feeling well does not imply suffering of any kind or any other immediate health problem. (chappellevet.ca)
How does my vet test my cat for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus? (firstvet.com)
FIV Antigen Tests are the primary screening test for cats. (firstvet.com)
This affordable and effective test is an essential tool for any feline health program. (hengshengmd.com)
FIV is diagnosed through a blood test that checks for the presence of antibodies. (catoropets.com)
Most frequently a test called an ELISA test is used to check for antibodies. (catoropets.com)
This is important because, in a kitten under 6 months of age, a positive antibody test means that the kitten almost certainly obtained these antibodies by drinking milk from its (FIV-positive) mother. (buzzyflow.com)

Feline Herpesvirus Type-1/C. (hengshengmd.com)

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Enteric zoonotic organisms were detected in feces of 13.1% of cats, suggesting that cats, particularly those in homes of immunocompromised humans, should be evaluated for enteric zoonotic organisms. (avma.org)
This product provides a basis for the clinical diagnosis of feline pancreatitis by measuring the concentration of feline pancreatic lipase in cat blood samples. (hwtai.com)
It is designed for use by veterinary professionals in clinical settings, helping to streamline the diagnosis and treatment of corona virus in dogs. (hengshengmd.com)
Clinical aspects of feline retroviruses: a review. (nih.gov)
If diagnosed at an early stage, clinical signs can be delayed and they may not develop immunodeficiency syndrome. (catoropets.com)

This product uses rapid immunochromatography technology to detect the concentration of cat pancreatic lipase. (hwtai.com)

are zoonotic pathogens of cats. (usda.gov)
A comprehensive list of significant blood-borne pathogens likely to be found in dogs and cats in North America is included, along with recommended tests for these agents. (everycat.org)

Cats can have severe side effects to many antiviral drugs, so be sure to discuss the pros and cons with your vet. (firstvet.com)
Antiviral treatment of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats with (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine. (nih.gov)

This means FIV transmission is extremely unlikely through cats grooming one another, sharing food bowls or even using the same litter tray (although owners of an FIV-positive cat should take every possible measure to prevent transmission). (petplan.co.uk)
Transmission during sexual contact is not considered to be a primary means of spread but rather male cats may become aggressive and bite the back or neck of the female during mating. (monashvet.com.au)

Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the kit elisa antigène p24 price reagents distributed by Genprice. (oegterm.at)
Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the anti jc virus antibody tysabri reagents distributed by Genprice. (essentialbiosafety.info)

The virus can infect domestic and wild cats (such as lions). (affigen.com)
fleas), Dipylidium caninum (fleas), and West Nile virus (mosquitoes) are examples of vector borne zoonoses that infect cats and people. (vin.com)
However, as the virus is mostly spread by biting, if your cats live peacefully together and do not fight they are not likely to infect each other. (greencrossvets.com.au)

To have a proper diagnosis, one must take one's cat to a veterinarian who will perform multiple blood tests to look for the antibodies for FeFV. (wikipedia.org)
A veterinarian, she completed her Ph.D. studies on feline immunodeficiency virus in 1991 and subsequently she has pursued an academic research and teaching career in Glasgow, collaborating with colleagues in Europe, US, Australia and Japan. (gla.ac.uk)

Objective -To determine prevalence of enteric zoonotic organisms in cats in north-central Colorado. (avma.org)
Some zoonotic agents are transmitted between cats and man by shared vectors like fleas, ticks, or mosquitoes. (vin.com)
The following is a brief discussion of some of the most common zoonotic agents of cats. (vin.com)

The rabies virus reaches the brain through the nerves, reproduces, then travels back through the nerves to the rest of the body. (fohn.net)

The biting and aggressive behaviors in felines would account for many virus transmissions in wild cats while domesticated cats would be more apt to transmit the virus through licking. (wikipedia.org)
A human touching an infected cat and then touching another cat is also unlikely that will transmit the virus from one cat to another. (thefluffykitty.com)

Montmorillonite binds water, toxins, bacteria, viruses, and other harmful molecules, preventing them from being absorbed, while chicory, a good source of inulin, shows prebiotic properties and increases the population of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. (vetexpert.world)
This complex system identifies foreign substances such as viruses, parasites and bacteria, and eliminates them from her body. (thenest.com)
Fleas transmit the Bartonella bacteria from one cat to another. (msdmanuals.com)

Probing the interaction between feline immunodeficiency virus and CD134 by using the novel monoclonal antibody 7D6 and the CD134 (Ox40) ligand. (nih.gov)

this is immunosuppression or immunodeficiency. (thenest.com)

In the present study, the prevalence of antibodies to T. gondi, Bartonella spp. (usda.gov)
Antibodies to Bartonella spp. (usda.gov)
Bartonella henselae and transmitted by a scratch or bite from an infected cat, often causing a crusted bump and swollen lymph nodes. (msdmanuals.com)

This happens because the tests for FIV pick up antibodies to the virus in the cat's blood. (greencrossvets.com.au)
The only way to see if a cat has FIV is by obtaining a blood sample. (catsphd.com)
All FIV-positive cats should be excluded as blood donors, as it is currently impossible to accurately differentiate between a cat infected with FIV and a cat that has been vaccinated against FIV. (everycat.org)
FPV attacks blood cells and opens the cat to a wide variety of other illnesses. (thenest.com)

One study found that cats with FIV typically live for five years after diagnosis. (petplan.co.uk)
Feline immunodeficiency virus: The diagnosis used to strike terror into the hearts of cat caretakers as they imagined their feline friends living tortured and short lives, constantly ill or in pain. (catster.com)
With a healthy diet, lots of love, regular vet care, and a calm environment, an FIV-positive cat can enjoy a good quality of life for many years after a diagnosis. (catster.com)

The virus is also non-transferable to humans. (petplan.co.uk)
Rest assured that FIV cannot pass from cats to humans or other animal species. (petplan.co.uk)
But, cats can NOT give humans FIV. (catsphd.com)
A stray cat may be currently homeless but was once a pet that lived with humans]. (e-know.ca)
In addition to helping to control the feral cat population, TNR programs also help to reduce nuisance behaviours such as male cats spraying or the fighting and yowling that often disturb the sleep of nearby humans and can result in injuries to a cat or cats who won't have access to veterinary care. (e-know.ca)
Given cat behavior as we know it, it also seems likely that cats domesticated themselves rather than being domesticated by humans. (stanleyresearch.org)
The Virus is Learning New Tricks and We Humans Keep Falling Behind (blog post) Topol E. Ground Truths, Aug 6, 2023. (cdc.gov)

Exiting through epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, measles virus is transmitted primarily through aerosols. (gla.ac.uk)
Cats which are affected by FHV show respiratory distress, sneezing and possibly excessive rubbing of the face on objects. (elisakits.co.uk)
For example, if Kitty's exposed to an upper respiratory virus, her innate system will try to keep it from infecting her. (thenest.com)

J Feline Med Surg. (elisakits.co.uk)
J Feline Med Surg 2022 Aug;24(8):e194-e202. (nih.gov)
J Feline Med Surg 2015 Feb;17(2):79-86. (nih.gov)

Anatomy15

Organisms31

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes38

Information Science4

Health Care3

FeLV18

Infection51

Viral9

Serum11

AIDS14

Leukemia virus antigen1

Vaccine15

Diseases11

Infectious7

Calicivirus1

Kittens16

Antigens1

Detection8

Infections18

American Association of Feline Practitioners2

Immune19

Mother's milk1

Panleukopenia virus1

Pathogen1

Canine3

Saliva8

Rapid Test2

Vaccination11

Symptoms18

Human Immun3

Retroviral1

Retrovirus3

Gondii3

Assay3

Commonly4

Disease18

Lentivirus1

Detects antibodies1

ELISA Kit1

Immunity2

AAFP2

Indoors5

Test19

Herpesvirus1

Clinical5

Pancreatic lipase1

Pathogens2

Antiviral2

Transmission2

Reagents distributed2

Infect3

Veterinarian2

Zoonotic3

Rabies virus1

Transmit the virus2

Bacteria3

CD1341

Immunosuppression1

Bartonella3

Blood4

Diagnosis3

Humans7

Respiratory3

Surg3