A number of natural penicillins have been discovered, but only two purified compounds are in clinical use: penicillin G (intramuscular or intravenous use) and penicillin V (given by mouth). (wikipedia.org)
Beginning in the mid 1980s, clinical trials and well-designed observational studies demonstrated that administering intravenous antibiotics during labor to women at risk for transmitting GBS to their newborns could prevent invasive disease in the first week of life (i.e., early-onset disease) ( 6--11 ). (cdc.gov)
Bacteria2
They are still widely used today for different bacterial infections, though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use. (wikipedia.org)
Several semisynthetic penicillins are effective against a broader spectrum of bacteria: these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins, and antipseudomonal penicillins. (wikipedia.org)
Antimicrobial3
The term "penicillin" is defined as the natural product of Penicillium mould with antimicrobial activity. (wikipedia.org)
In modern usage, the term penicillin is used more broadly to refer to any β-lactam antimicrobial that contains a thiazolidine ring fused to the β-lactam core and may or may not be a natural product. (wikipedia.org)
There also is a need to monitor for potential adverse consequences of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (e.g., emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance or increased incidence or severity of non-GBS neonatal pathogens). (cdc.gov)
Neonatal1
Fleming's student Cecil George Paine was the first to successfully use penicillin to treat eye infection (neonatal conjunctivitis) in 1930. (wikipedia.org)
Relationship1
New use of the participates_in and has_part relationships in place of formerly incorrect usage of the part_of relationship for association of resistance determinants with their mechanism of action. (mcmaster.ca)
Streptococcal2
Streptococcal isolates are tested for inducible clindamycin resistance by double-disk diffusion (D test). (cdc.gov)
Fleming first used the purified penicillin to treat streptococcal meningitis in 1942. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins2
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are essential for the formation of the bacterial cell wall. (bvsalud.org)
Exposure to cannabinoids showed antibiotic activity against MRSA, and differential proteomics revealed reduced levels of proteins involved in the energy production as well as PBP2 when used in combination with methicillin. (bvsalud.org)
High-level beta-lactam resistant OS-MRSA derivatives selected with oxacillin carried mutations in mecA auxiliary factors: relA (metabolism of purines), tyrS, cysS (metabolism of tRNAs), aroK, cysE (metabolism of amino acids and glycolysis). (bvsalud.org)
Compounds2
A number of natural penicillins have been discovered, but only two purified compounds are in clinical use: penicillin G (intramuscular or intravenous use) and penicillin V (given by mouth). (wikipedia.org)
In this study, MRSA cells were subjected to antibiotic stress from methicillin in combination with three cannabinoid compounds and analyzed using proteomics to assess the changes in physiology. (bvsalud.org)
Methicillin2
Importantly, methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci that have acquired additional resistances towards several antibiotics have developed in the hospital setting, and their global spread raises much concerns. (medscape.com)
Subjecting MRSA to nonlethal levels of methicillin resulted in an increased production of penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2). (bvsalud.org)
MRSA5
Antibiotic susceptibility testing, population analysis profile (PAP), mecA expression analysis, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed for 60 mecA-positive OS-MRSA isolates. (bvsalud.org)
OS-MRSA were characterized by mecA promoter mutations at - 33 (Câ T) or - 7 (Gâ T/A) along with PBP2a substitutions (S225R or E246G). (bvsalud.org)
Mis-prescription of beta-lactams for the treatment of OS-MRSA may lead to selection of high-level resistance and treatment failures. (bvsalud.org)
Its resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics complicates treatment due to the limited number of antibiotics with activity against MRSA. (bvsalud.org)
To investigate development of alternative therapeutics, the mechanisms that mediate antibiotic resistance in MRSA need to be fully understood. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical3
A recent clinical report has linked Streptococcus pyogenes β-lactam antibiotic resistance to mutation in the penicillin binding protein (PBP) PBP2x. (nih.gov)
Together, these data provide the molecular basis of resistance of clinical E. faecium PBP5 variants, results that are likely applicable to the PBP family. (bvsalud.org)
Faecium2
[ 9 ] Enterococci, and especially E. faecium, are regarded as a reservoir for resistance traits of Gram-positive bacteria. (medscape.com)
In Enterococcus faecium, high levels of resistance to ß-lactams are associated with the expression of PBP5, with higher levels of resistance associated with distinct PBP5 variants. (bvsalud.org)
Infections2
Penicillins were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. (wikipedia.org)
They are still widely used today for different bacterial infections, though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use. (wikipedia.org)
Resistant1
Most importantly, with the appearance of vancomycin resistance, some strains are resistant to most of the currently approved antimicrobial agents. (medscape.com)
Activity2
The term "penicillin" is defined as the natural product of Penicillium mould with antimicrobial activity. (wikipedia.org)
Other named constituents of natural Penicillium, such as penicillin A, were subsequently found not to have antibiotic activity and are not chemically related to antibiotic penicillins. (wikipedia.org)
Population1
Ten percent of the population claims penicillin allergies but because the frequency of positive skin test results decreases by 10% with each year of avoidance, 90% of these patients can eventually tolerate penicillin. (wikipedia.org)
Profile1
BACKGROUND: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) serotypes, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance profile vary across different geographic locations affecting disease patterns in newborns. (cdc.gov)
Levels1
Who are the current key players in raising resistance levels? (medscape.com)
Higher1
Sensitive strains should be treated with penicillin or an aminopenicillin in a standard dosage and in intermediate resistance with higher doses of ß-lactam agents. (medscape.com)