Anti tumor tumor cell cycle checkpoint gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

Objective Investigating the effect of ferroptosis in the tumour microenvironment to identify combinatory therapy for liver cancer treatment. (bmj.com)
Design Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which is considered the master regulator of ferroptosis, was genetically altered in murine models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) to analyse the effect of ferroptosis on tumour cells and the immune tumour microenvironment. (bmj.com)
This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)
Challenges include finding the right target to direct the T cells, the ability to expand in an often-immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, yielding an effective antitumor response, and avoiding adverse side effects. (aacr.org)
We have developed MTL-CEBPA, an saRNA-based therapeutic designed to increase the expression of the CEBPA transcription factor that acts as both a tumor suppressor and a key modulator of the tumor microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
In preclinical tumor models MTL-CEBPA has single-agent antitumor activity and very significantly improves the activity of both sorafenib and checkpoint inhibitors through impacting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display an array of phenotypes beyond the M1/M2 paradigm, ranging from antitumoral to immunosuppressive, proangiogenic, immunomodulatory and tissue-remodeling phenotypes ( 7 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Another myeloid population in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are DCs, that originate from different precursors and display various phenotypes, ranging from immunosuppressive monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) to immunocompetent cDC1 and cDC2 subsets ( 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
I studied the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer during my graduate training in Hong Kong. (stanford.edu)
Progressive upregulation of checkpoints on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, severely compromising tumor immunity. (aacrjournals.org)
Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs participate in crosstalk between tumor and stroma, and reprogramming of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)
Together, they form the microenvironment in which the tumor is located, namely tumor microenvironment (TME). (biomedcentral.com)
Among the components of TME, distinct populations of innate and adaptive immune cells consist of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)
Growing evidence has highlighted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important feature of carcinogenesis and contributes to therapeutic efficacy in melanoma. (jcancer.org)
In brief, these data highlight that systemic characterization of melanoma could uncover tumor infiltrate characteristics, which can help select the most adequate treatment and identify consistent and important indicators of the local immune tumor microenvironment in melanoma patients. (jcancer.org)
Over the last decade, tumor microenvironment (TME) studies have already led to variations in treatment methods and have raised hopes for improved treatment of melanoma patients, particularly for patients in the advanced stages [ 4 ]. (jcancer.org)
One of the mechanisms that drives changes in the tumor microenvironment is epigenetic pathways. (guoncologynow.com)
The goal is to see safety and efficacy of this combination in a clinical setting, but also to understand how this combination can change the tumor immune microenvironment in patients with these 3 different tumor types. (guoncologynow.com)

The concept has now been extended to embrace synthetic lethal drug sensitivity, such as that observed with PARP inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapy in a variety of BRCA defective tumors 10 . (nature.com)
Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
Moreover, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are being tested in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and other modalities. (shu.edu)
Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a therapy which can help when it comes to being selective about the cells you kill. (quadscentral.com)
The ICR has been involved in some pioneering research on immune checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma-the fifth most common cancer in the UK. (quadscentral.com)
This is where immune checkpoint inhibitors come in-they are a block on this block-and the double negative means that your immune system effectively has its blindfold removed, can see the cancer cells, and act on them. (quadscentral.com)
Oncolytic viruses can be used in conjunction with immune checkpoint inhibitors to draw immune cells to the tumor-and this is just one way they can be useful. (quadscentral.com)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but these tumors do not always respond to inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, also called PD1). (stanford.edu)
Inhibitors of PVRL1/TIGIT, along with anti-PD1 might be developed for treatment of HCC. (stanford.edu)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockades and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blockades, have shown promising anti-tumor effects. (amegroups.org)
Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. (bmj.com)
This has led to the need for new immunotherapy-based approaches, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), therapeutic vaccines, and novel immune checkpoint inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically changed outcomes for patients across cancer types. (biomedcentral.com)
This has resulted in the development of additional immunotherapy-based approaches, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), therapeutic vaccines, and inhibitors of other immune checkpoints. (biomedcentral.com)
Plk1 inhibitors target all rapidly dividing cells irrespective of tumor cells or non-transformed normal but proliferating cells. (oncotarget.com)
Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)

Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
tumors were analyzed by mass cytometry using markers to detect T cells and other lymphocytes. (stanford.edu)
TIME possesses distinct populations of myeloid cells and lymphocytes to influence the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
TIME primarily consists of myeloid cells, lymphocytes and some other innate immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous studies have shown that increased density of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with better patient prognosis, as well as a reduced occurrence of lymph node metastasis and a lengthier disease-free survival (DFS) [ 5 , 6 ]. (jcancer.org)

PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
For example, overexpression of UCP2 transgene in tumor cell lines has been demonstrated by others to suppress tumor cell proliferation and imitate an antitumor immune cycle. (aacrjournals.org)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
In addition, AKT/mTOR signaling and MAPK signaling were inhibited by JIB extract to suppress melanoma cell growth and proliferation. (medsci.org)
The results demonstrated that JIB extract combined with cisplatin enhanced the inhibition of cell growth, proliferation, and survival through the obstruction of cell cycle progression and AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling as well as the induction of cell apoptosis. (medsci.org)
Analogous studies in a murine syngeneic tumor model using surrogate antibodies demonstrated significant synergy between LAG-3 and PD-1 blockade-combination treatment led to a marked improvement in therapeutic efficacy, increased T-cell proliferation, IFNγ production, and elicited durable immunologic memory upon tumor rechallenge. (aacrjournals.org)
Knockdown of KDM1B inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
Colonic epithelial cells proliferation of group IV (DPE 250 mg/kgBW) were significantly lower than III and V groups. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings indicate that the DPE could inhibit colonic epithelial cells proliferation through p53 pathway independently. (biomedcentral.com)

The defining biochemical feature of this checkpoint is the stimulation of the anaphase-promoting complex by M-phase cyclin-CDK complexes, which in turn causes the proteolytic destruction of cyclins and proteins that hold the sister chromatids together. (wikipedia.org)
CAR T cells generated from healthy donors showed a higher percentage of memory CD8+ T cells and lower expression of immune checkpoint proteins than those generated from patients with relapsed disease, suggesting that allogenic CAR T cells may be more cytotoxic. (liangyihui.net)
Targeted therapy drugs are used to target specific genes and proteins of cancer cells to precisely identify and attack specific types of cancer cells. (medsci.org)
Whether pancreatic cancer cells produce neoantigens-proteins that can be effectively targeted by the immune system-hasn't been clear. (nih.gov)
BioNTech performed gene sequencing on the tumors to find proteins that might trigger an immune response. (nih.gov)
The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)
Any obstacles encountered by cells in this process can lead to 'replicative stress' ( Figure 1 ), 1 which may be overcome by replicative stress response proteins, but deficiencies in this response result in accumulated errors in DNA replication and loss of genomic integrity, which lead to cell death. (bmj.com)
This CAC is associated with the cell cycle and its regulation is affected by the tumor suppressor proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

PD-1 blocks cell cycle progression in the G 1 phase. (shu.edu)
Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)
Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression. (frontiersin.org)
Neutrophils also contribute to tumor progression, yet establishing the difference between PMN-MDSCs and tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) remains challenging ( 11 , 15 , 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in tumor progression and antitumor immunity. (medsci.org)
Here at Stanford, I am using different genome editing tools and mouse models to investigate the role of macrophages in promoting tumor progression and immune tolerance in liver cancer. (stanford.edu)
In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
Specific defects in the molecular controls that govern the cell progression through its cycle of DNA synthesis and cell division can result in a cancer cell. (forbeckforums.org)

P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). (biomedcentral.com)
Of the 880 canonical pathways we investigated, 112 displayed significant tumor-related upregulation or downregulation at one or more stages of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
GSEA analysis found STARD12 and STARD14 were associated with glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and tumor related signaling pathways. (medsci.org)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Global gene expression of Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells compared with Cish +/+ Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells revealed upregulation of pathways and genes associated with NK cell cycling and activation. (bmj.com)
Sensitization of cancer cells to conventional drugs using multi-target agents that block survival and oncogenic pathways, alone or in combination, is an emerging strategy to overcome drug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Certainly, these obesity-related comorbidities are carefully from the presence of the consistent activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in adipose tissues, which significantly disrupts essential metabolic checkpoints within this tissues (1,2). (ibs-italy.info)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
I was intrigued by these changes, and at the time, there were a few papers on epigenetic changes in T cells but only limited research on how epigenetic pathways in T cells have a direct impact on the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy. (guoncologynow.com)
If we fully understood the pathways which control normal cell division we would be able to identify what goes wrong in malignant cells. (forbeckforums.org)
Dr. Fink's presentation focused on the function of the Ras protein in yeast, relevant because many of the important pathways which function in human cells can be found in simpler organisms and these can be readily manipulated in the laboratory. (forbeckforums.org)

CAR T-cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy in which T cells are removed from a patient's body and genetically modified so that they can recognize the patient's cancer cells. (aacr.org)
Given the success of CAR T-cell therapies for blood cancers, the most anticipated next step in the field is the development of this type of immunotherapy for solid tumors. (aacr.org)
This is the first saRNA drug to enter clinical trials, and we have been investigating whether this technology could be extended to activate endogenous immune stimulatory genes for utilization in cancer immunotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has been steering immune responses toward cancer cell eradication. (frontiersin.org)
Tumor-associated PD-L1 expression is predictive of clinical response to PD-1-directed immunotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
Immunotherapy was considered to be the foundation in melanoma treatment, and is proposed to regulate host immunity against the tumor [ 8 ]. (jcancer.org)
However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy, acquired resistance remains a challenge, and responses are poor in certain tumors which are considered to be immunologically cold. (biomedcentral.com)
The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022), organized by the Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples, Italy, in collaboration with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022). (biomedcentral.com)

Anti-PD-1 antibodies (dark green) or anti-PD-L1 antibodies (light green) can prevent the tumor cell from binding PD-1 and thus allow T cells to remain active. (shu.edu)
Restorative antibodies have accomplished considerable success in treating individuals with haematological BIBX 1382 malignancies and solid tumors. (immune-source.com)
The mechanisms of tumor cell killing by antibodies are summarized as the direct action of the antibody payload delivery and specific effects of an antibody within the tumor vasculature and stroma. (immune-source.com)
While the epitope of most B7-H3 antibodies has not been described, one of the clinically tested antitumor antibodies (8H9) was found to bind to the IgV domain 19 . (nature.com)
PRR on myeloid cells can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also indirectly by secondary mechanisms such as complement activation and circulating antibodies (Abs), resulting in cytolytic and phagocytic effector mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of antibodies against PD1, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), or CD8 before the cancer cells were injected. (stanford.edu)
And anti PD-1 antibodies have been applied on more and more cancer patients. (amegroups.org)
During 2011-2014, up to seven new monoclonal antibodies for metastatic melanoma became FDA approved, such as Pembrolizumab (anti-PD1), Nivolumab (anti-PD-1) and Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) [ 4 ]. (jcancer.org)
In 1959, the presence of anti ̶ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) antibodies was noted. (medscape.com)
Within the healthy population, a subset of individuals has small amounts of low-titer antinuclear antibody (ANA) or other autoantibody such as anti-Ro(SSA), anti-La(SSB), or antithyroid antibodies. (medscape.com)
In lupus, increased production of specific autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA, anti-RNP, and anti-Smith antibodies) leads to immune complex formation and tissue damage from direct binding in tissues, immune complex deposition in tissues, or both. (medscape.com)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved two CAR T-cell therapies for blood cancers so far: tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) for treating certain patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta) for treating certain adults with NHL. (aacr.org)
These results suggest that the T cells activated by the vaccines kept the pancreatic cancers in check. (nih.gov)
and they can increase the "immunological heat" within cancers by altering the expression of immune checkpoints and attracting and activating immune cells. (quadscentral.com)
These include small cell neuroendocrine cancers , lymphomas , and sarcoma and make up less than 1% of esophageal cancers. (cancer.net)
Nowadays, anti PD-1 monoclonal antibody has been evaluated in clinical trials for many types of cancers. (amegroups.org)
Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a coinhibitory receptor associated with impaired T-cell function and is frequently coexpressed with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in the context of human cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
Elevated levels of replicative stress in gynecological cancers arising from uncontrolled oncogenic activation, loss of key tumor suppressors, and frequent defects in the DNA repair machinery are an intrinsic vulnerability for therapeutic exploitation. (bmj.com)
Clinical activity of TIL therapy has also been reported in other cancer types, including human papillomavirus-associated cancers, cholangiocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). (biomedcentral.com)
I studied mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint therapy, and I was able to explore what would become my greatest research interests: Why do only a subset of patients with kidney and bladder cancers respond to immune checkpoint therapy? (guoncologynow.com)
We are treating patients with metastatic stage IV kidney and bladder cancers, as well as aggressive variant prostate cancer, with a combination of an EZH2 inhibitor plus anti-CTLA-4 therapy. (guoncologynow.com)
Cancers by definition are cells growing in an uncontrolled fashion in the host and it is this loss of control which leads to problems. (forbeckforums.org)
Tumors involving the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) with the tumor epicenter no more than 2 cm into the proximal stomach are staged as esophageal cancers, while EGJ tumors with their epicenter located more than 2 cm into the proximal stomach are staged as stomach cancers, as are all cardia cancers not involving the EGJ. (medscape.com)
Single drugs may cure selected cancers (eg, choriocarcinoma, hairy cell leukemia). (msdmanuals.com)

Kaplan-Meier success BIBX 1382 curves as well as the log-rank check were performed to investigate the anti-tumor activity of rNDV-18HL. (immune-source.com)

Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The first miRNA was discovered in 1993 by Lee, Freinbaum and Ambros ( 6 , 7 ), and since then an increasing load of literature data have pointed that they can act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
Additionally, JIB extract induced B16/F10 cell apoptosis via the caspase cascade. (medsci.org)
Quercetin also improve the action of the drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) promoting increased expression of p53 and apoptosis in breast cancer T47D cells [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Examples include: In cancer cells, aneuploidy is a frequent event, indicating that these cells present a defect in the machinery involved in chromosome segregation, as well as in the mechanism ensuring that segregation is correctly performed. (wikipedia.org)
These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
Most cancer cells have PD-L1 on their surface and escape being killed by turning off the T cell in this way. (shu.edu)
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
During his Ph.D., he was also involved in a project in Ashwagandha, an Indian medicinal plant and cancer, where his team was able to give first molecular insights into the anti-cancer activity of the plant. (cancercareresearch.com)
The compelling conclusion that proliferative exhausted T cells are associated with response in HPV+ head and neck cancer is supported by the cohort of 14 patients with paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue and rigorous bioinformatic analysis of nearly 50,000 single CD3+ T cell transcriptomes. (elifesciences.org)
The modified T cells, when reintroduced into the patient's body, multiply and attack cancer cells. (aacr.org)
In a phase I clinical trial , a team of researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center tested whether mesothelin-directed CAR T cells that they developed would be safe and effective in patients with malignant pleural disease from mesothelioma and lung and breast cancer. (aacr.org)
The CAR T cells the team developed, called IcasM28z, target the cell-surface protein, mesothelin, which is expressed on the majority of cancer cells. (aacr.org)
This article in Cancer Discovery reviews the types of solid tumors that express mesothelin, and the potential of mesothelin-directed CAR T-cell therapy to treat such malignancies. (aacr.org)
Using an interventional radiology procedure, the investigators injected IcasM28z CAR T cells directly into the pleural cavity in 21 patients with malignant pleural disease (19 with malignant pleural mesothelioma, one with metastatic lung cancer, and one with metastatic breast cancer). (aacr.org)
Myeloid innate immune cells, such as granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), play an important role in cancer-cell recognition, initiation of inflammation and antitumor responses ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Hence, myeloid cells play a dual role in cancer as they can initiate antitumor responses and communicate with cells of the adaptive immune system, but also promote local inflammation leading to chronic cancer-associated inflammation ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Although tumor-promoting functions have been attributed to other granulocytes, like eosinophils ( 17 ), basophils ( 18 ) and mast cells ( 19 ), further research is required to fully elucidate their role in cancer, as antitumoral roles have also been described ( 20 , 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
A personalized mRNA vaccine against pancreatic cancer created a strong anti-tumor immune response in half the participants in a small study. (nih.gov)
It is designed to help immune cells recognize specific neoantigens on patients' pancreatic cancer cells. (nih.gov)
This drug, called an immune checkpoint inhibitor, prevents cancer cells from suppressing the immune system. (nih.gov)
In half these patients, the vaccines activated powerful immune cells, called T cells, that could recognize the pancreatic cancer specific to the patient. (nih.gov)
By a year and a half after treatment, the cancer had not returned in any of the people who had a strong T cell response to the vaccine. (nih.gov)
Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer. (nih.gov)
Lung cancer is the first leading diagnosed malignant tumor globally [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85-90% of cases, while lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype [ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
Using intravenous injection of B16F10 melanoma cell line and EO711 triple negative breast cancer cell line, metastasis evaluation was performed. (bmj.com)
Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells display lower activation thresholds and Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ mice are more resistant to tumor metastasis and to primary breast cancer growth. (bmj.com)
If the green and purple balloons are cancer cells, and the yellow and red ones are healthy cells, you want to be sure that you only pop the balloons that are causing harm. (quadscentral.com)
But cancer cells send out signals that tell the immune system to stay away keeping it away from tumors. (quadscentral.com)
From the Greek "onco" (mass or cancer) and "leuin" (to burst), these viruses do exactly what they say on the tin-they burst cancer cells. (quadscentral.com)
Professor Kevin Harrington, Professor of Biological Cancer Therapies at the ICR, and Consultant Clinical Oncologist at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust conducts research into these viruses, and his team are looking into ways that the viruses can kill cancer cells, but also spark the immune system into action against tumors. (quadscentral.com)
Cancer is characterized as the uncontrolled multiplication and spread of the body's particular cells. (researchsquare.com)
Cancer begins when healthy cells change and grow out of control, forming a mass called a tumor. (cancer.net)
Esophageal cancer, also called esophagus cancer, begins in the cells that line the esophagus. (cancer.net)
This type of esophageal cancer starts in squamous cells that line the esophagus. (cancer.net)
Dr. Multani has extensive expertise in the field of Human and Mammalian Cytogenetics, and specializes in the evaluation of genetic instability and complex chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells, telomere dysfunction, characterization of embryonic stem cells, and authentication of cell lines. (mdanderson.org)
Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)
Nowadays, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has been used in more and more cancer patients. (amegroups.org)
Anti PD-1 monoclonal antibody is a humanized IgG4 antibody against PD-1, which has been applied in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. (amegroups.org)
In this report, we described an autoimmune diabetes mellitus induced by anti PD-1 monoclonal antibody in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. (amegroups.org)
The former includes adenocarcinoma of the axillary lymph nodes, papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (redefined as peritoneal cancer), squamous cell carcinoma of the cervical lymph nodes and extragonadal germ cell tumors in young men, which are derived from the middle of the body ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, the pharmacologic activity of TSR-033 demonstrates that it is a potent anti-LAG-3 therapeutic antibody and supports its clinical investigation in cancer patients. (aacrjournals.org)
Cancer is not a chaotic malignant cell mass, but a delicate "hostile" organ, where many other cells are recruited and domesticated to become "accomplices", thereby protecting themselves from recognition and attack by the immune system [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Breast cancer (BC) is one kind of malignant tumor and accounts for one-quarter of cases of cancer in women. (aging-us.com)
The study and/or manipulation of administered cells can potentially result in identification of the exact cell subpopulations and effector functions required for cancer regression in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Mouse colitis associated colon cancer (CAC) was induced firstly by azoxymethane (AOM) and followed by administration of drinking water containing 5 % dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in a cycle protocol, each cycle consisted of seven days of 5 % DSS in the drinking water and followed by seven days of regular water. (biomedcentral.com)
The future of cancer medicine lies in the development of highly specific strategies which lead to the selective destroying of tumor cells. (forbeckforums.org)
This is in contrast to many current cancer therapies that target multiplying (i.e. proliferating) cells, and also results in the non-specific destruction of normal cells. (forbeckforums.org)
To begin to address the goal of selective cancer therapy we have to understand the differences between normal cells and tumor cells. (forbeckforums.org)
If we can identify the machinery which is either selectively used or functioning incorrectly in the cancer cell it could bring new insights into how to destroy malignant cells. (forbeckforums.org)
The major problem in cancer is an alteration in the genetic machinery that controls cell growth development and death. (forbeckforums.org)
Many groups throughout the world are working on this problem in the hope that we will be able to develop new chemicals to intervene selectively in the growth pattern of cancer cells. (forbeckforums.org)
Dr. Oliff, Director of Cancer Research at Merck laboratories, indicated that several different drugs have been identified which interfere with the maturation of the Ras protein as it is processed from a precursor molecule to an active protein within the cell. (forbeckforums.org)
Most cases of colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults are sporadic, but several genetic syndromes are associated with these tumors in young patients. (medscape.com)
3. The following BTC histologic subtypes are excluded: small cell cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, lymphoma, sarcoma, mixed tumor histology, and mucinous cystic neoplasms detected in the biliary tract region. (who.int)
Загальні відомості про терапію злоякісних новоутворень Curing cancer requires eliminating all cells capable of causing cancer recurrence in a person's lifetime. (msdmanuals.com)
The ideal drug would target only cancer cells and have no adverse effects on normal cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Cytotoxic drugs damage DNA and kill many normal cells as well as cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In contrast, other drugs (eg, DNA cross-linkers, also known as alkylating agents) have a linear dose-response relationship, killing more cancer cells at higher doses. (msdmanuals.com)

Instead, GPx4-associated ferroptotic hepatocyte death causes a tumour suppressive immune response characterised by a CXCL10-dependent infiltration of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells that is counterbalanced by PD-L1 upregulation on tumour cells as well as by a marked HMGB1-mediated myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) infiltration. (bmj.com)
Background The success and limitations of current immunotherapies have pushed research toward the development of alternative approaches and the possibility to manipulate other cytotoxic immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. (bmj.com)
In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)
There is also a need for rational combinations beyond interleukin (IL)-2 and programmed death (PD)-1/ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 immune checkpoint blockade and to combat exhaustion and restore costimulatory functions, e.g., with gene-engineered or pharmacologic agent-treated TILs. (biomedcentral.com)

SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
For instance, vemurafenib is a targeted therapy for melanoma with BRAF gene mutation. (medsci.org)
This protein is present in normal cells, but if a single error in this structure occurs (a mutation) it can lead to the transformation of cells and this malignancy. (forbeckforums.org)

These CAR-T cells are characterized by highly activated T cell signaling and significant tumor infiltration. (nature.com)
The most potent nanobody-based CAR-T cells show inhibition of large tumor xenografts in mice with rigorous T-cell signaling and significant T-cell infiltration into the tumor. (nature.com)
STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)
Infiltration and phenotype of NK cells in the tumor was evaluated. (bmj.com)
In this study, we analyzed gene expression of 468 melanoma cases from the TCGA database, which led to the identification of three melanoma clusters (representedby low, median and high infiltration) that display unique immune features. (jcancer.org)
Deep molecular characterization of immune cells, cytolytic-activity and tumor-inflammatory status revealed diversity of the local immune infiltration landscape in the melanoma clusters. (jcancer.org)
Differentially expressed genes related to TME were extracted from each infiltration cluster. (jcancer.org)
The top ten hub genes in immune infiltration-related protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were selected for further prognostic investigation. (jcancer.org)
This cut also shows severe tumor infiltration of the colonic mesentery surrounding the mesenteric and retroperitoneal vessels. (medscape.com)

However, these immunotherapeutic approaches are hampered by the tumor-promoting nature of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, SPM improve the introduction of pro-resolving macrophages expressing low degrees of Compact disc11b and making Dihydroberberine the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (13). (ibs-italy.info)
Furthermore, SPM induce monocyte differentiation into phagocytosing macrophages, facilitating removing inactive or dying cells (efferocytosis) and improving phagocyte efflux to drain lymph nodes to be able to assist in clearing out the swollen tissue (14,15). (ibs-italy.info)

It has been proved to have a beneficial treatment effect on BIBX 1382 prevention of tumor recurrence in individuals with HCC [23 24 We generated a mouse-human chimeric cHAb18 antibody that derived from murine HAb18 and showed inhibition of HCC cell. (immune-source.com)
CXCL9) aswell as consistent STAT3 activation without impacting the IL-10 anti-inflammatory response seen as a inhibition of IL-6, IL-1, IL-8 and TNF. (ibs-italy.info)
Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)

A pair of studies presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2019 demonstrated encouraging clinical outcomes with two different chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies for patients with advanced solid tumors. (aacr.org)
Developing CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors, however, has been challenging, and researchers in the field have had several failed attempts. (aacr.org)
Data presented here at the conference have demonstrated that it is possible to develop CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors that are not only safe but also yield clinical benefit for patients. (aacr.org)
However, the successful application of these emerging cell-based therapies in solid tumors remains limited. (nature.com)
However, PD-L1-negative patients may also respond to PD-1 checkpoint blockade, suggesting that other PD-1 ligands may be relevant to the clinical activity of these therapies. (aacrjournals.org)

In addition to TAMs, solid tumors are also infiltrated by immunosuppressive, immature myeloid progenitor cells, commonly referred to as monocytic or polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M/PMN-MDSC) ( 11 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)

Thus, based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of mitophagy-related tumor classification, we established a 13-gene signature and robust nomogram for predicting BC prognosis, which can be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of BC. (aging-us.com)
In our analysis, we established a stable signature, including 13 genes, based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mitophagy-related tumor classification. (aging-us.com)

The disease is undoubtedly an all natural OV for solid tumor therapy in center trials and displays minimal side-effects with systemic administration [3 4 Lately the toxicity biodistribution and dropping of NDV in nonhuman primates under intravenous shot were examined demonstrating the protection for intravenous administration [5]. (immune-source.com)
Our results highlight the importance of the specific target antigen epitope in governing optimal CAR-T activity and provide a nanobody-based B7-H3 CAR-T product for use in solid tumor therapy. (nature.com)

Pathogen clearance is mediated by mechanisms such as phagocytosis, respiratory burst with the production of ROS and RNS and release of bacteriostatic peptides, but also through the cell-extrinsic initiation of inflammation via the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
They have complementary mechanisms to hinder the carcinogenic process by searching free radicals, inhibiting survival and multiplication of malignant cells, as well as reducing invasiveness and angiogenesis of tumors. (researchsquare.com)
We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)
Thus, building a novel gene signature and clarifying the potential mechanisms in BC patients are critically needed. (aging-us.com)
The median cluster was characterized by an inability to draw immune cells, highlighting possible immune escape mechanisms, and lower CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression, which was correlated to poor prognosis. (jcancer.org)
Not only is this of interest in its own right, but it offers the prospect for improving our understanding about the fundamental control mechanisms and defects that impact on human cells through the study of simpler organisms. (forbeckforums.org)
Small Indels in the Androgen Receptor Gene: Phenotype Implications and Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. (medscape.com)
For chemotherapy drugs, one of the best characterized resistance mechanisms is overexpression of MDR1 , a cell membrane transporter that causes efflux of certain drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, anthracyclines). (msdmanuals.com)

TGF-β ligands bind type I and type II receptors at the cell surface. (shu.edu)
A key determinant of the immune system's efficacy against diseases and tumors is the diversity of B-cell and T-cell receptors, which is most pronounced in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the receptors. (liangyihui.net)
Chronic T-cell exhaustion is marked by the progressive upregulation of coinhibitory receptors, PD-1 being one of the most prominent, but also other coregulated receptors such as LAG-3 ( 4, 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)

We used a molecular pathway-based approach to analyze transcriptomic profiles of 59 colorectal tumors representing early and late preinvasive stages and the invasive stage of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
nonetheless, the incidence of pediatric colorectal tumors is rising. (medscape.com)

Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
In addition, relationships between clinical response and PD-L2 status were evaluated in tumor tissues from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with recurrent or metastatic disease, treated with pembrolizumab. (aacrjournals.org)
The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
The interval between cycles should be the shortest one that allows recovery of normal tissues. (msdmanuals.com)

Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
The saRNAs were screened by transfection in human (HepG2 and A549) or murine (CT26, BNL.1ME and RAW264.7) cells, and mRNA levels of the target genes were measured by qPCR. (aacrjournals.org)

The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)
MiCL-1 robustly induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23, but has no detectable effect on the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. (bvsalud.org)

CD147 is definitely over-expressed in HCC cells and involved in tumor cell invasion [17] and closely related to prognosis in individuals with HCC [18-22]. (immune-source.com)
The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
Together, our findings suggest a promising role for P-Tex cells in the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC by providing modest but persistent anti-tumor effects. (elifesciences.org)
The presence of TAMs in most solid tumors is correlated with poor prognosis and overall survival of patients ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Polo-like kinase 1, a pivotal regulator of mitosis and cytokinesis, is highly expressed in a broad spectrum of tumors and its expression correlates often with poor prognosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. (oncotarget.com)

In GDEPT, a vector is used to selectively transduce tumor cells with a nonhuman gene, which expresses an enzyme that can convert a nontoxic prodrug into a very toxic antitumor compound in situ . (geovax.com)

Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
The differing biology is suggested by the preponderance of high-grade and mucinous tumors, but the unique oncogenesis is not fully understood. (medscape.com)
Although older chemotherapeutic drugs are often toxic to normal cells, advances in genetics and cellular and molecular biology have led to development of more selective drugs. (msdmanuals.com)

Furthermore, RvD1 marketed quality by improving the expression from the IL-10-focus on gene heme oxygenase-1 by systems based on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. (ibs-italy.info)

While the standard workup did not identify the primary tumor, genomic profiling analysis was useful in therapeutic management. (spandidos-publications.com)

CISH deletion favors NK cell accumulation to the primary tumor, optimizes NK cell killing properties and decreases TIGIT immune checkpoint receptor expression, limiting NK cell exhaustion. (bmj.com)

It can block PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which has a negative impact on T cells function, to enhance the anti-tumor effects of hosts' T cells ( 3 ). (amegroups.org)
Dr. Fink, Director of the Whitehead Institute at MIT presented his work on Ras, a protein that stands at the gateway of at least one major control pathway within the cell. (forbeckforums.org)

Approximately 2 million people were newly diagnosed with BC and 600 thousand died of this malignant tumor worldwide in 2018 [ 3 ]. (aging-us.com)

Besides, 12% of patients have second- or third-degree skin reactions that are sensitive to light, and about 18% of patients develop cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma or occurred at the same time [ 6 ]. (medsci.org)
NCT03754933 ) is evaluating the safety and efficacy of repeat cycles of Gedeptin ® therapy in patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), with tumor(s) accessible for injection and no curable treatment options. (geovax.com)
Squamous cell carcinoma. (cancer.net)
Black people are more likely to be diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. (cancer.net)
On the other hand, the unfavorable subset (majority of patients) includes patients with adenocarcinoma metastasis to the liver or other organs, poorly differentiated carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the abdominal cavity ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Rational design of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells based on the recognition of antigenic epitopes capable of evoking the most potent CAR activation is an important objective in optimizing immune therapy. (nature.com)
STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
Gene examination found that epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ), anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ), ROS , KRAS and KRAF were wide type. (amegroups.org)
This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (cancerindex.org)
Transferred T cells that persist in the blood and form memory have a phenotype consistent with a less differentiated state (CD27/CD28/IL-7 receptor-α) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

and the innate immune cells contain natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

OncoVEXGM-CSF a recombinant HSV expressing GM-CSF in phase III trial for treatment of melanoma was proved to eliminate malignancy cells by inducing local and systemic antigen-specific T cell reactions and reducing suppressive immune cell populations [12]. (immune-source.com)

Tumor persistence leads to sustained exposure of T cells to neoantigens-this results in repeated cycles of activation which culminate in a state of severe T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion, characterized by distinct epigenetic and transcriptional profiles ( 1-3 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Immune cells abundantly infiltrate tumors, creating a complex environment mediated by repetitive cycles of antitumor responses and immune evasion ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

In October 2015 the US Food and Drug Administration authorized the injectable formulation of OncoVEXGM-CSF with the brand name Imlygic for the treatment of melanoma in individuals with inoperable tumors. (immune-source.com)
extract (JIB extract) for melanoma cells. (medsci.org)
Our results indicated the anti-melanoma activity of JIB extract. (medsci.org)
According to the JIB extract's anti-melanoma capacity, to assess the synergistic effects of cisplatin and JIB extract. (medsci.org)
Collectively, our results indicate that JIB extract showed anti-tumor effects and synergized with cisplatin against B16/F10 cells, indicating the possibility of JIB extract to be developed as adjuvant therapy for melanoma. (medsci.org)
Melanoma is the most malignant and lethal skin tumor owing to its high metastatic ability and the incidence of melanoma has been increasing over the years. (medsci.org)
Zhang Y, Hao S, Gao Y, Sun W, Li Y. Decoding Immune Heterogeneity of Melanoma and identifying immune-prognostic hub genes. (jcancer.org)
Further validation showed that five of ten hub genes were good prognostic biomarkers for melanoma in two independent groups from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. (jcancer.org)

Background Oncolytic disease which hands the therapeutic gene to improve anti-tumor activity is a common technique to improve oncovirotherapy of tumor. (immune-source.com)
The authors propose allogeneic healthy donor CAR T cells as a potential therapeutic option for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. (liangyihui.net)

The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
These cells can be activated ex vivo to exhibit a potent antitumor effector function. (biomedcentral.com)

Premature dissociation of the chromatids can lead to chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy in the daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
An error in generating daughter cells with fewer or greater number of chromosomes than expected (a situation termed aneuploidy), may lead in best case to cell death, or alternatively it may generate catastrophic phenotypic results. (wikipedia.org)

Immunotherapies-drugs that help the body's immune system attack tumors-have revolutionized the treatment of many tumor types. (nih.gov)
Functional annotations revealed that these genes were mainly related to immune system activation and the processes of immunoreaction. (jcancer.org)
The past decade has seen the discovery and development of novel treatments that harness the patient's immune system and prevent immune escape due to increased understanding of the tumor immune environment. (biomedcentral.com)

We decided to systematically identify camel V H H nanobodies targeting the IgV or IgC domains of 4IgB7-H3 by phage display and produced nanobody-based CAR-T cells for preclinical testing. (nature.com)
In the present study, we demonstrate that B7-H3 CAR-T cells targeting the IgC domain are more active than those targeting the IgV domain in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and neuroblastoma (NB) mouse preclinical models. (nature.com)
They then used preclinical models to compare the efficacy of these allogeneic CAR T cells to the autologous CAR T cells typically used in treatment. (liangyihui.net)

Importantly, it may also be possible to utilize natural or induced genetic defects (i.e. mutations) in simpler organisms (e.g. yeast cells) to screen for drugs or agents that might take advantage of specific lesions and which might be used to treat human malignancies bearing similar genetic defects. (forbeckforums.org)

A recombinant oncolytic adenovirus expressing anti-CTLA4 antibody was generated and showed an effective antitumor activity in vivo [16]. (immune-source.com)

p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
The addition of a gamma secretase inhibitor, which targets an enzyme that cleaves BCMA from multiple myeloma cells, enhanced the cytotoxicity of allogeneic CAR T cells. (liangyihui.net)
As an immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti PD-1 monoclonal antibody can also cause irAEs including endocrinopathy. (amegroups.org)
We combined an EZH2 inhibitor with anti-CTLA-4 therapy in mouse models and saw improved survival of those tumor-bearing mice. (guoncologynow.com)
3. Received no more than 2 cycles of systemic therapy with gemcitabine and a platinum agent with or without a PD-1/L1 inhibitor (physician's choice of durvalumab or pembrolizumab, where approved under local regulations) for advanced unresectable or metastatic disease. (who.int)

Primed Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells display increased activation upon NCR stimulation. (bmj.com)
We have generated a high affinity and selective humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody, TSR-033, which binds human LAG-3 and serves as a functional antagonist, enhancing in vitro T-cell activation both in mixed lymphocyte reactions and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-driven stimulation assays. (aacrjournals.org)
Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. (cancerindex.org)
Successful TIL therapy starts with the identification, enrichment, stimulation, and expansion of potent tumor-reactive T cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Blocking PD-1 or HMGB1 unleashes T cell activation and prolongs survival of mice with Gpx4 -deficient liver tumours. (bmj.com)
Here, we generate dromedary camel nanobodies targeting B7-H3 and demonstrate that CAR-T cells, based on the nanobodies recognizing the IgC but not IgV domain, had potent antitumour activity against large tumors in female mice. (nature.com)
Single-cell transcriptome RNA sequencing coupled with functional T-cell proteomics analysis uncovers the top-upregulated genes that might be critical for the persistence of polyfunctional CAR-T cells in mice. (nature.com)
Results In Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ mice, we detected no developmental or homeostatic difference in NK cells. (bmj.com)
Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
these effects were not observed in mice with depletion of CD8+ T cells. (stanford.edu)
There was no significant change in the S phase in mice were treated DPE 125 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW, while administration of DPE 250 mg/kg BW was able to increase the percentage of cells in S phase. (biomedcentral.com)

The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)
PD-L2 expression was observed in all tumor types and present in stromal, tumor, and endothelial cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Both PD-L1 and PD-L2 positivity significantly predicted clinical response to pembrolizumab on combined tumor, stromal and immune cells, with PD-L2 predictive independent of PD-L1. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition to tumor cells, there are also important stromal components in tumor niche. (biomedcentral.com)

Those who do best have tumors which are immunologically "hot"-they have lots of immune cells in the vicinity of the tumor which are ready to take action once the therapy is administered. (quadscentral.com)

As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
Genetic testing revealed a high loss of heterozygosity score and high tumor mutational burden (TMB). (spandidos-publications.com)
That is, many of the same molecular switches that regulate the genetic machinery of a human cell can be found in simple organisms like yeast. (forbeckforums.org)
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), many genetic-susceptibility factors, environmental triggers, antigen-antibody responses, B-cell and T-cell interactions, and immune clearance processes interact to generate and perpetuate autoimmunity. (medscape.com)

This recent review article summarizes the challenges with developing CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors and strategies to overcome the hurdles, and lists some of the ongoing clinical trials in which CAR T cells that target tumor antigens, including GD2, CEA, and EGFR, are being currently tested against a variety of solid tumors. (aacr.org)
One is the ability to administer large numbers of highly selected cells with high avidity for tumor antigens that can recognize shared and patient-specific mutated (neo) antigens. (biomedcentral.com)

In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)

In addition, STARD12/14 could regulate the ferroptosis related genes. (medsci.org)

Through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) which elicits various molecular events, cells are able to overcome low O2. (stanford.edu)
One of the remarkable discoveries that has accompanied the unraveling of the molecular "checkpoints" that determine whether it is safe for a cell to divide or not has been the observation that many of these molecular controls have been conserved throughout evolution. (forbeckforums.org)
By studying simpler organisms it may be possible to examine molecular events that might be less apparent or more difficult to unravel in human cells. (forbeckforums.org)

Anatomy20

Organisms8

Diseases38

Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes79

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care4

Microenvironment19

Inhibitors17

Lymphocytes6

Proliferation14

Proteins8

Progression10

Pathways17

Immunotherapy9

Antibodies11

Cancers13

Performed to investigate the anti-tumor1

Suppressors3

Apoptosis4

Cancer64

Cytotoxic4

Mutation3

Infiltration9

Macrophages3

Inhibition3

Therapies5

Immunosuppressive1

Differentially2

Solid tumor therapy2

Mechanisms8

Receptors3

Colorectal2

Tissues4

Target genes2

Induces2

Prognosis5

Selectively1

Biology3

Mitogen-activa1

Genomic1

Primary tumor1

Pathway2

Malignant tumor1

Squamous cell carc5

Receptor5

Dendritic cells1

Suppressive immune1

Exhaustion1

Infiltrate1

Melanoma8

Therapeutic2

Effector2

Aneuploidy2

Immune system3

Preclinical3

Malignancies1

Showed an effective antitumor1

Inhibitor5

Stimulation4

Mice7

Stromal4

Immunologically1

Genetic4

Antigens2

Kinase1

Ferroptosis1

Molecular3