Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalAnalgesicsAnalgesics, OpioidInflammationOkadaic AcidLipopolysaccharidesTranscription Factor RelATumor Necrosis Factor-alphaInflammation MediatorsAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticI-kappa B KinaseI-kappa B ProteinsNF-kappa BInterleukin-1SteroidsTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateCells, CulturedMacrophagesSpirostansAnalgesiaGene Expression RegulationPainPain MeasurementSaponinsGlycosidesMorphineMolecular StructurePain, PostoperativeDiosgeninTramadolMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyTomatineLiliaceaeStereoisomerismPlant ExtractsSolanaceous AlkaloidsPhenacetinChlormadinone AcetateTropaeolaceaePregnanesAcetaminophenMolecular ConformationRhizomeCynanchumAndrostanesEstrogen AntagonistsDextropropoxypheneDracaenaSmilaxBuxaceaeAnti-Inflammatory AgentsSolanumDrug ToleranceDioscoreaDose-Response Relationship, DrugAlliumAromatase InhibitorsWithanolidesCodeineModels, MolecularPain ThresholdTestolactoneHolarrhenaEstradiolAnemarrhenaHydroxysteroidsCarrageenanDiclofenacNucleic Acid ConformationPlants, MedicinalMeperidineFentanylEdemaPentazocineAsparagus PlantPain ManagementReceptors, Opioid, muOxycodoneAnesthetics, LocalDipyroneHyperalgesiaSpectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom BombardmentInjections, SpinalSolanum nigrumAlveolectomyBupivacaineStructure-Activity RelationshipAnalgesia, EpiduralNaloxoneDouble-Blind MethodTime FactorsAndrostenesWithaniaHydrogen BondingAnalgesia, Patient-ControlledAgaveOphiopogonChloroquinolinolsGuanineTrillium