• In addition, other kinds of proteins include antibodies that protect an organism from infection, and hormones that send important signals throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • These candidate glycoproteins were immunoprecipitated from serum using commercially available antibodies, and their glycan alteration was examined by a lectin microarray. (gene-quantification.de)
  • Antibodies are heavy (~150 k Da ) proteins of about 10 nm in size, [7] arranged in three globular regions that roughly form a Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • One methodology for cancer biomarker discovery exploits the fact that glycoproteins produced by cancer cells have altered glycan structures, although the proteins themselves are common, ubiquitous, abundant, and familiar. (gene-quantification.de)
  • Based on immunological and mass spectrometric analysis, SALSA was estimated to constitute up to 4-10% of the total protein amount in meconium, making it one of the most abundant proteins. (researchgate.net)
  • Determining which proteins are poly-ubiquitinated helps understand how protein pathways are regulated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding heterogeneity of human bone marrow plasma cell maturation and survival pathways by single-cell analyses. (immunetolerance.org)
  • and (c) an isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging high-throughput method to identify carrier proteins with the specific lectin epitope. (gene-quantification.de)
  • Glycosylation reactions of different glycosyltransferases can form complex sugar chains of secreted or cell-surface glycoprotein ( N -glycans and O -glycans) that can be added at asparagine residues ( N -linked) or at serine and threonine residues ( O -linked) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in glycosylation, one of the most common protein posttranslational modifications, are considered as hallmarks of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, as cancer tissue at the early stage probably constitutes less than 1% of the normal tissue in the relevant organ, only 1% of the relevant glycoproteins in the serum should have altered glycan structures. (gene-quantification.de)
  • Using this strategy, we have identified many glycoproteins containing glycan structures that are altered in cancer cells. (gene-quantification.de)
  • GAGs also exert anti-cancer effects by altering structures of various tumor cells through sulfated modifications, including chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Initial annotation of the rhesus genome array was based on Affymetrix human GeneChips. (gene-quantification.de)
  • Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteomics enables the identification of ever-increasing numbers of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteomics generally denotes the large-scale experimental analysis of proteins and proteomes, but often refers specifically to protein purification and mass spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first studies of proteins that could be regarded as proteomics began in 1975, after the introduction of the two-dimensional gel and mapping of the proteins from the bacterium Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteomics confirms the presence of the protein and provides a direct measure of its quantity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, mass spectrometry is the most powerful method for analysis of proteomes, both in large samples composed of millions of cells and in single cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2023). Omics-Oriented Research illustrated with the LEAP Study and the OASIS Bioinformatics Tool. . (immunetolerance.org)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of insect-derived polymer dung beetle glycosaminoglycan (GAG) after intraperitoneally injecting it to melanoma mice induced by B16F10 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
  • The addition of a phosphate to particular amino acids-most commonly serine and threonine mediated by serine-threonine kinases, or more rarely tyrosine mediated by tyrosine kinases-causes a protein to become a target for binding or interacting with a distinct set of other proteins that recognize the phosphorylated domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, treatment with N-glycans derived from theses glycosaminoglycan increased activities of TIMP-2 in HMVEC cells pretreated with TNF-alpha and in melanoma cells, suggesting that they had anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • citation needed] One such modification is phosphorylation, which happens to many enzymes and structural proteins in the process of cell signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Because protein phosphorylation is one of the most studied protein modifications, many "proteomic" efforts are geared to determining the set of phosphorylated proteins in a particular cell or tissue-type under particular circumstances. (wikipedia.org)
  • To determine molecular mechanism involved in the anti-cancer effect of dung beetle GAG, its origin N-glycan under 3KD Dalton was assayed for melanoma cell cytotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This article focuses on effective experimental design while the companion article focuses on methodology and data analysis. (gene-quantification.de)
  • It is now known that mRNA is not always translated into protein, and the amount of protein produced for a given amount of mRNA depends on the gene it is transcribed from and on the cell's physiological state. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, its anti-cancer mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo anti-cancer effect of dung beetle GAG on solid tumor size, survival time and gene-expression profiles was also assayed using B10F10 melanoma mice model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mice with induced melanoma were then treated with Catharsius molossus (dung beetle) GAG (CaG) at 5 mg/kg for 8 weeks to investigate its anti-cancer effects compared to bumblebee ( Bombus ignitus ) queen glycosaminoglycan (IQG) and Huechys sanguinea glycosaminoglycan (HEG). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It covers the exploration of proteomes from the overall level of protein composition, structure, and activity, and is an important component of functional genomics. (wikipedia.org)
  • SALSA proteins in the AF and intestinal samples were polymorphic and exhibited varying polypeptide compositions. (researchgate.net)
  • Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, with many functions such as the formation of structural fibers of muscle tissue, enzymatic digestion of food, or synthesis and replication of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] One such modification is phosphorylation, which happens to many enzymes and structural proteins in the process of cell signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • He is trained in the fields of protein engineering, molecular biology and structural biology at University of Toronto and Stanford University and Queen's University. (chi-peptalk.com)
  • His research focuses on the applications of NMR in the higher-order structural characterization of antibodies and fusion proteins. (chi-peptalk.com)
  • He has over 30 peer-reviewed publications in the area of protein formulation, biophysical characterization and structural biology. (chi-peptalk.com)
  • Structural analysis of glycans by mass spectrometry and chromatographic techniques. (bidmc.org)
  • Production of recombinant carbohydrate binding proteins by fermentation or cell culture. (bidmc.org)
  • Proteomics generally denotes the large-scale experimental analysis of proteins and proteomes, but often refers specifically to protein purification and mass spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, mass spectrometry is the most powerful method for analysis of proteomes, both in large samples composed of millions of cells and in single cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis of qualitative and quantitative changes in glycans associated with diseases and disorders by Glycan Reductive Isotope Labeling (GRIL) and mass spectrometry. (bidmc.org)
  • citation needed] In the past this phenomenon was assessed by RNA analysis, which was found to lack correlation with protein content. (wikipedia.org)
  • The stepwise refinement of candidate genes was based on expression QTL mapping, gene expression correlation analyses (direct and partial), and analysis of regional sequence variants. (molvis.org)
  • Sulf2 on Chr 2 was the strongest candidate gene based on partial correlation analysis, Pearson correlation with Hspa5 , expression levels in the retina, a missense variant in exon 14, and its reported function in the extracellular matrix and interphotoreceptor matrix. (molvis.org)
  • We have previously demonstrated that the photoreceptor membrane-associated protein XAP-1 antigen is a product of the HSPA5 gene. (molvis.org)
  • Rich Altman has 30 years of experience in protein expression and production. (chi-peptalk.com)
  • Production of naturally occurring glycans by isolation from natural products or by enzymatic modification of existing glycans. (bidmc.org)
  • This illustrates the potential complexity of studying protein structure and function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteomics confirms the presence of the protein and provides a direct measure of its quantity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequently, he worked as a postdoctoral researcher in the group of Prof. T.P.J. Knowles at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, U.K. His research interests include the development, characterization and formulation of therapeutic proteins. (chi-peptalk.com)
  • Genome-wide analyses showed that CD147 expression was significantly negatively correlated with immune-related genes. (oncotarget.com)
  • This work supported both small-molecule high-throughput screening and protein therapeutic efforts. (chi-peptalk.com)
  • The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism or system. (wikipedia.org)