• NF-κB target genes can be differentiated by their different functional roles within lymphocyte immunoregulation and include positive cell-cycle regulators, anti-apoptotic and survival factors, and pro-inflammatory genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further, emerging evidence suggests that nicotine can also regulate the expression of genes/proteins involved in various functions such as ERK1/2, CREB, and c-FOS [ 20 - 22 ], as well as the expression state of multiple biochemical pathways, for example, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol phosphatase signaling, growth factor signaling, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways [ 23 - 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In humans, the CRYAA gene encodes a 173 amino acid residue protein by single copy genes located on chromosome 21. (molvis.org)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • Total RNA was isolated on P16, and the relative abundance of mRNA of the crystallin structural genes, redox components, and apoptotic cascade were ascertained with real-time PCR with reference to the internal control β-actin . (molvis.org)
  • Real-time PCR analysis showed the crystallin genes ( αA- , βB1- , γD- ) and redox cycle components ( Cat , SOD-1 , Gpx ) were downregulated, the apoptotic components were upregulated, and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 was downregulated in Group II. (molvis.org)
  • C-PC treatment possibly prevented cataractogenesis triggered by sodium selenite, by regulating the lens crystallin, redox genes, and apoptotic cascade mRNA expression and thus maintains lens transparency. (molvis.org)
  • The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes increased in HCT-116 cell lines after 48 h of treatment, suggesting cell death by the apoptotic pathways. (mendeley.com)
  • 2002). Akt blocks apoptotic stimuli by inactivating pro-apoptotic proteins such as for example Poor, caspase-9, and glycogen synthase kinase-3. (biomedigs.org)
  • In enzymology, an IκB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: ATP + IκB protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + IκB phosphoprotein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and IκB protein, whereas its two products are ADP and IκB phosphoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the selective vulnerability of these cells are not well understood, activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway has been implicated in neuroprotective responses to excitotoxicity in other neuronal populations. (jneurosci.org)
  • Along these lines, accumulating evidence shows that the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in neuronal cell survival. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our data reveal that the vulnerable cells express high levels of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), which is a key regulator of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • The adaptor protein Grb2 is able to enhance the activity of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Btk through a novel mechanism, revealing a new role for Grb2 in B-cell signaling. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition, activation of antiapoptotic factors including phospho-Akt (protein kinase B) and Bcl-2 was detected. (cdc.gov)
  • Mechanistically, we further confirmed that MFJHQ inhibits MCT-induced phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway predicated by network pharmacology and RNA-sequencing analysis to reduce the proliferation of pulmonary arteries and promote pulmonary artery apoptosis in lung tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • BAX is a pro-apoptotic protein of the BCL-2 family that is stationed in the cytosol until activated by a diversity of stress stimuli to induce cell death. (nature.com)
  • Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)
  • Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of Apaf-1/caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade. (nature.com)
  • For anticoagulation potency, the formation of the SP/protease protein complex and the associated non-specific polar interaction between the negatively and positively charged groups in the polysaccharide and protein is responsible for anticoagulant activity. (springer.com)
  • Akt also exerts anti-apoptotic results by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (Brazil, Yang and Hemmings, 2004) Provided the neuroprotective part from the PI3K/Akt pathway in cerebral ischemia, we hypothesized that HN's neuroprotective impact requires the activation from the PI3K/Akt pathway after cerebral I/R damage. (biomedigs.org)
  • We observed that the WNV-Cp protein is a pathogenic protein, which drives apoptosis in vitro through the mitochodrial/caspase-9 pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptotic cell death induced by metallic nickel particles in JB6 cells is through a caspase-8/AIF mediated cytochrome c-independent pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • As we previously described, proadifen, a P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, might also be able to inhibit some ABC transporters, including breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It was previously reported that proadifen (SKF-525A), a well-known cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, not only has anti-proliferative potential in some cancer cell lines, but it is also able to inhibit BCRP and MRP1 transporter proteins ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The IκBα (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B) protein inactivates the NF-κB transcription factor by masking the nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NF-κB proteins and keeping them sequestered in an inactive state in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABT-199 is normally an extremely selective and powerful inhibitor of Bcl-2 that was generated using NMR-based chemical substance fragment verification and structure-based medication design technology.12-14 There remains a dependence on potent realtors that action on various other members of Bcl-2 family members protein - including Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 that are upregulated in lots of malignancies - but aren't blocked by existing substances. (healthyguide.info)
  • Kask L., Hillarp A., Ramesh B., Dahlbäck B., and Blom A. M. (2002) Structural requirements for the intra-cellular subunit polymerization of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • These studies demonstrate that the capsid protein of WNV may be responsible for aspects of viral pathogenesis through induction of the apoptotic cascade. (cdc.gov)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in proteins (protein-serine/threonine kinases). (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been shown that only a few residues at the N-terminus of activated SMAC protein (4-mer) are sufficient to affect the release of IAPs from Caspases. (bindingdb.org)
  • Humanin (HN) can be an anti-apoptotic peptide that suppresses neuronal cell death induced by Alzheimer's disease, prion protein fragments, and serum deprivation. (biomedigs.org)
  • C1QBP promoted the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxanthine catabolic enzyme XDH. (medsci.org)
  • display of almost 150 0 organic product components was carried out against all six anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members protein using fluorochrome-conjugated peptide ligands that imitate functionally-relevant PPIs. (healthyguide.info)
  • Differential targeting of prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins by their BH3-only ligands allows complementary apoptotic function. (nature.com)
  • Transcriptional activation of the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 by ligands targeting its heterodimer partner retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) occurs through a nonclassical pharmacological mechanism involving ligand-binding domain protein-protein interaction inhibition. (elifesciences.org)
  • Remarkably, although N1 shows no sequence similarity to cellular proteins, its three-dimensional structure closely resembles Bcl-xL and other members of the Bcl-2 protein family. (ox.ac.uk)
  • was the first anti-death gene found out and takes its new anti-cancer focus on class with significant implications for tumor biology.6 Multiple members from the human being Bcl-2 family members protein have already been identified including six anti-apoptotic members since. (healthyguide.info)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • C1QBP significantly increased ROS level, apoptosis, and the expression of apoptotic proteins such as cleaved caspase-3 and bax/bcl2 via regulating XDH. (medsci.org)
  • High-risk MDS cases had a significantly higher percentage of apoptotic CD34+ cells and anti-apoptotic survivin+ cells than controls, particularly for trisomy 8 cases. (who.int)
  • ABSTRACT This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. (who.int)
  • Therefore these protein operate as nodal factors in the convergence of multiple pathways with a wide and LDN-57444 serious relevance to oncology. (healthyguide.info)
  • The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • 2004) reported that HN BMS-790052 binds to a human being G BMS-790052 protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor-like-1 BMS-790052 (FPRL1), which induces chemotaxis of mononuclear phagocytes and prevents A-induced apoptotic cell loss of life by competitively inhibiting A binding to FPRL1. (biomedigs.org)
  • Specifically, the NH2-terminus of NEMO binds to the NBD sequences on IKK-α and IKK-β, leaving the rest of NEMO accessible for interacting with regulatory proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we demonstrate by NMR analysis that BIM SAHB binds BAX at an interaction site that is distinct from the canonical binding groove characterized for anti-apoptotic proteins. (nature.com)
  • Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, the inhibition of DNA damage repair proteins Ku86 and B23 after proadifen treatment indicate a possible role of proadifen in DNA repair blockage, thus suppressing the reparation rate of MTX-induced DSBs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mark L., Lee W. H., Villoutreix B. O., Proctor D., Blackbourn, D., Spiller B. O. and Blom A. M. (2004) KSHV complement control protein mimics human molecular mechanisms for inhibition of the complement system. (lu.se)
  • To identify proteins interacting with alpha A-crystallin (CRYAA) and to investigate the potential role that these protein interactions play in the function of CRYAA using a human proteome (HuProt) microarray. (molvis.org)
  • Ageing leads to a gradual dysfunction of the proteostasis network and thus to proteome instability due to accumulation of damaged and/or misfolded proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Multidrug resistance caused by the overexpression of ABC transporter proteins in cancer cells remains a major obstacle limiting chemotherapy efficacy. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A number of mechanisms involved in the occurrence of MDR have been described, including the overexpression of one or more ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins that mediate the efflux of many clinically relevant drugs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here, we report that high levels of the striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), a key regulator of ERK/MAPK signaling, are found in vulnerable somatostatin-immunoreactive hilar interneurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • The HuProt microarray results showed that the signals of 343 proteins were higher in the recombinant CRYAA group than in the control group. (molvis.org)
  • Our results suggest that although trisomy 8 cells are in a pro-apoptotic state, they are checked by the enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic signals which provide them with their proliferative advantage. (who.int)
  • Functional annotation clustering showed that they belong to cell cycle, organelle or nuclear lumen, protein transport, and DNA binding and repair clusters. (molvis.org)
  • Structure of monomeric full-length ARC sheds light on molecular flexibility, protein interactions, and functional modalities. (nih.gov)
  • The active full-length CRYAA protein corresponding to amino acids 1-173 of CRYAA was recombined. (molvis.org)
  • Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes many immunomodulatory proteins, including inhibitors of apoptosis and modulators of innate immune signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A limited variety of artificial small-molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 family members protein have been defined and are in a variety of levels of preclinical and scientific development the innovative of which is normally ABT-199 (GDC-0199) presently in stage III clinical studies (Abbvie/Roche). (healthyguide.info)
  • Is serum protein electrophoresis useful in separating the "high risk group" in patients with colonic polyps? (nel.edu)
  • The usefulness of determination of electrophoresis of serum proteins has been specially analysed to detect early development of malignant growths in patients with colonic polyps regarding alfa-1/alfa-2 and alfa/beta. (nel.edu)
  • Kokocinska D, Grzyb M, Dyaczynski M, Partyka R, Sikora J, Starzewski J, Kozera J. Is serum protein electrophoresis useful in separating the "high risk group" in patients with colonic polyps? (nel.edu)
  • Blom, A. M. , Rytkönen, A., Vasquez, P., Dahlbäck, B. and Johnsson, A-B. (2001) A novel interaction between type IV pili of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and complement regulatory protein - C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • Sjöberg A., Trouw L., McGrath F., Hack E. C. and Blom A. M. (2006) Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • We also observed that expression of Cp protein in mouse muscle resulted in apoptosis and inflammation of muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The localization pattern of capsid expression was analyzed by immunofluorescent assay in HeLa, 293-T, RD, or SH-SY5Y cells by using anti-His tag antibody as described ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • Taken at face value, senile cataract is intimately associated with the increased risk of oxidative stress, which levies irrevocable changes in the lenticular proteins that impel the lens epithelial cells to the apoptotic phase. (molvis.org)
  • The severity of hypoxia determines whether cells become apoptotic or adapt to hypoxia and survive. (bmj.com)
  • Western-blot analysis showed an activation of proapoptotic factors including Fas (CD95), Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), caspase-8, death receptor 3 (DR3) and BID in apoptotic cells induced by metallic nickel particles. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusion: In this study, metallic nickel nanoparticles caused higher cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction than fine particles in JB6 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Trisomy 8+ cells showed a significant positive correlation with apoptotic CD34+ cells and capacity for colony formation. (who.int)
  • The essence of MDS is damage of In the current work we examined All our patients were of the high-risk colony-forming units [4], but the defect haematopoietic stem cells of high-risk group and none of them was eligible of the haematopoietic stem cells is not MDS cases for apoptotic and anti-apop- for stem cell transplantation. (who.int)
  • The structure also reveals that N1 has a constitutively open surface groove similar to the grooves of other anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, which bind the BH3 motifs of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Proadifen also decreased the expression of γH2AX, which is involved in the recruitment of reparation proteins. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We examined not just the effect of proadifen and MTX on the expression of BCRP, but we were also interested in other molecular mechanisms involved in the possible antitumour activity of proadifen alone and in combination with MTX, such as the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, proteins involved in the regulation of BCRP and proteins involved in the reparation of chemotherapeutic drug-induced DNA damage. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • More importantly, direct in vivo expression of WNV-Cp protein in mouse brain resulted in an induction of apoptosis similar to what is observed in natural infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins are validated cancer focuses on comprised of 6 related proteins. (healthyguide.info)
  • Little molecule BH3 mimetics that antagonize the discussion between anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and CCNG2 pro-apoptotic BH3-just protein represent potential anti-cancer therapeutics.8 The explanation for screening organic item collections for substances focusing on the Bcl-2 family members protein has both a biological and a biophysical foundation. (healthyguide.info)
  • Petros, A. M., Olejniczak, E. T. & Fesik, S. W. Structural biology of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. (nature.com)
  • CRYAA interacted with these proteins to maintain their solubility and decrease the accumulation of denatured target proteins. (molvis.org)
  • Current research suggests that glucosinolates (and isothiocyanates) act via several mechanisms, ultimately exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemo-protective effects. (frontiersin.org)
  • Metallothionein (MT) is considered to be a protective and anti-apoptotic protein. (nel.edu)
  • An acute bout of moderate intensity downhill running altered CK activity, Bax concentration and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in circulating leukocytes resulting in a greater apoptotic response at 24- and 48-h post-exercise compared to level grade running or a second downhill run. (nih.gov)
  • In our previous study, we demonstrated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of proadifen in the HT-29 cancer cell line ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Certainly examples of natural basic products concentrating on Bcl-2 have already been discovered including people that have known anti-cancer activity. (healthyguide.info)
  • Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein predicts symptom response to cognitive behavioral therapy among individuals with first-episode psychosis. (nih.gov)
  • The caspase-3 and caspase-9 expressions and DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining assays were used to evaluate the apoptotic activity. (mendeley.com)
  • Inter-organellar and systemic responses to impaired mitochondrial matrix protein import in skeletal muscle. (helsinki.fi)
  • This protein regulates apoptosis through controlling mitochondrial fusion and fission. (biolegend.com)
  • Although the mechanism by which these proteins are altered by unaccustomed eccentric exercise is currently unknown, the differential response to DH1 versus L and DH2 indicates that it may be related to exercise-induced muscle damage. (nih.gov)
  • Although an interaction site that confers survival functionality has been defined for anti-apoptotic proteins, an activation site has not been identified for BAX, rendering its explicit trigger mechanism unknown. (nature.com)
  • The LINE-1 retrotransposon protein, ORF1p, forms a condensate on RNA that is essential for retrotransposition, and may explain cis -preference through a co-translational assembly mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
  • These effects of LTD4 were shown to be mediated through the G-protein coupled receptor, CysLT1 and this strongly indicates that inflammatory mediators such as LTD4 may have large impacts on the state of cell survival regulation. (lu.se)
  • A HuProt microarray composed of 17,225 human full-length proteins with N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST) tags was used to identify protein-protein interactions. (molvis.org)
  • One-hundred and twenty-seven of 17,225 human full-length proteins were identified that interact with CRYAA. (molvis.org)
  • Blom A. M . , Berggård K., Webb J. H., Villoutreix B., Lindahl G. and Dahlbäck B. (2000) Human C4b-binding protein has overlapping but not identical binding sites for C4b and streptococcal M-proteins. (lu.se)
  • CRYAA is one of the major lens proteins, accounting for 35% of all crystallins. (molvis.org)
  • 3.0: hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HCLS1), Kelch domain-containing 6 (KLHDC6), sarcoglycan delta (SGCD), KIAA1706 protein (KIAA1706), RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase (RNGTT), chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), chromosome 9 open reading frame 52 (C9orf52), and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR). (molvis.org)
  • More than 40 ABC transporters have been identified so far, but just a few play a role in MDR, including the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • VACV protein N1 is an intracellular homodimer that contributes to virus virulence and was reported to inhibit nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Apoptotic features such as chromatin condensation and nuclear shrinkage were also induced by the compounds. (mendeley.com)
  • The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage on the induction of apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes and to investigate if the elevation in apoptotic leukocytes was mediated by changes in the concentration of anti-/pro-apoptotic proteins in circulation. (nih.gov)
  • Metallic nickel nanoparticles produced higher apoptotic induction than fine particles. (cdc.gov)