Anthropogenic emissions aerosols. Medical search. Frequent questions

This study focuses on implications of differences between recent global emissions inventories for simulated trends in anthropogenic aerosol abundances and radiative forcing (RF) over the 1990-2019 period. (iiasa.ac.at)
Previous studies effects from anthropogenic aerosols on cloud radiative properties have emphasized their potential contributions to planetary cooling. (confex.com)
Only a few limited ongoing instrumental observations and palaeolithic reconstructions may serve to try to distinguish natural from anthropogenic processes, in particular radiative forcing processes. (judithcurry.com)
Compared with control of total PM, there are fewer gains in control of fine particles and carbonaceous aerosols, the PM components most responsible for damages to public health and effects on radiative forcing. (harvard.edu)
Examples of such processes include formation of small particles (aerosols) in the atmosphere, cloud formation, radiative transfer, large-scale circulation in the atmosphere and oceans. (lu.se)

They enter the atmosphere through volcanic emissions and the resuspension of soil by wind. (cdc.gov)
In the atmosphere, gaseous hydrogen fluoride will be absorbed by atmospheric water (rain, clouds, fog, snow) forming an aerosol or fog of aqueous hydrofluoric acid. (cdc.gov)
Over two approximately six-week periods in the past year, the sampling stations have been gathering data to improve how aerosols-tiny particulates in the atmosphere-are represented in climate models. (bnl.gov)
Scientists are also monitoring how changes in the atmosphere-whether there is any change in atmospheric radiation, for example-affect the properties of aerosols. (bnl.gov)
This deployment is part of the Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP), a research effort to understand how aerosols affect the atmosphere. (bnl.gov)
Like solving the acid rain problems with sulphuric acid reduction and ozone depletion with CFCs proscription in the past, the present climate shifts can be mitigated via a reduction of the anthropogenic nano structured particulates in the atmosphere. (scirp.org)
My main focus is SO2, a precursor of sulfate aerosol, which plays an important role in the atmosphere through negative climate forcing and impacts on cloud microphysics. (mtu.edu)
My research interests aim in understanding the role aerosols play in the Earth system, by studying the interactions and feedbacks between the atmosphere, the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean, and climate. (nasa.gov)
In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate. (nasa.gov)
The zeppelin has been loaded with heavy equipment, specially designed to absorb and analyse aerosols, tiny chemical particles that float in the atmosphere. (euronews.com)
We know that aerosols affect cloud formation and by doing so they can contribute to the cooling of the atmosphere. (euronews.com)
Goldstein was recognized for his "distinguished contributions to the field of chemistry and emissions of natural and anthropogenic trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. (berkeley.edu)
Future developments include using geostationary satellite data to rapidly update inputs to the NAQFC and incorporating of current science for sub-seasonal and seasonal interoperable earth model development to fulfill NWS needs for emission forecasting, wildfire modeling, and surface-atmosphere interchange understanding. (noaa.gov)
The sensitivity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentration to changes in climate and emissions is investigated using a coupled global atmosphere-land model driven by the year 2100 IPCC A1B scenario predictions. (escholarship.org)
Ribeiro & Assunção (2002) 21 published a review of these studies, focusing on emissions in the lower atmosphere that originate from biomass burning. (scielo.br)
As ships cruise across the ocean, they emit a large number of small airborne particles-aerosols-into the lower atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
Diamond explained that the aerosols from the ships create "seeds" in the atmosphere that water vapor can latch onto and condense into small cloud droplets. (nasa.gov)
While the word 'aerosol' conjures up images of spray cans, to atmospheric scientists the term refers to something different: small particles suspended in the atmosphere, often many times smaller than the width of a human hair. (databasefootball.com)
Algorithms have been developed using a variety of satellite instruments to use these measurements to quantify the amount and sometimes the type of aerosols in the atmosphere. (databasefootball.com)

The aircraft is equipped with external probes as well as internal sampling devices that collect information about aerosol, soot, and cloud particles. (bnl.gov)
By studying aerosol particles using this "two-column" technique, atmospheric scientists have the opportunity to compare aerosols and their behaviors under a variety of atmospheric conditions: clean or polluted, clear or cloudy. (bnl.gov)
The team will collect samples over various landscapes and environments, analysing aerosol particles of differing sizes and properties at several altitudes, pressures and temperatures. (euronews.com)
She uses global climate models to study the role of anthropogenic aerosol particles in regional and global climate change, in order to understand how these short-lived human emissions could influence societal decision-making. (stanford.edu)
The science of climate and climate change involves study of the interaction between clouds, atmospheric radiation and aerosol particles. (lu.se)

Biogenic emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes are simulated interactively using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols (MEGAN2) within the Community Land Model (CLM3). (escholarship.org)

To quantify volcanic contributions to the stratospheric sulfur cycle and the resulting climate impact, we modified ESM4.1 to simulate stratospheric sulfate aerosols prognostically. (noaa.gov)
Driven by explicit volcanic emissions of aerosol precursors and non-volcanic sources, we conduct ESM4.1 simulations from 1989 to 2014, with a focus on the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. (noaa.gov)
To assess the key processes associated with volcanic aerosols, we performed a sensitivity analysis of sulfate burden from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption by varying injection heights, emission amount, and stratospheric sulfate's dry effective radius. (noaa.gov)
We find that the simulated stratospheric sulfate mass burden and aerosol optical depth in the model are sensitive to these parameters, especially volcanic SO2 injection height, and the optimal combination of parameters depends on the metric we evaluate. (noaa.gov)
My current research focus is the application of remote sensing data to studies of volcanic degassing, volcanic eruption clouds, and anthropogenic pollution. (mtu.edu)
One thing I regularly see from skeptics is exactly the opposite-that anthropgenic emissions are completely negligable compared to volcanic emissions. (realclimate.org)
Aerosols can be natural or anthropogenic (the result of human activities), and include substances such as mineral dust (blown from deserts or bare soil by the wind), smoke (from wildfires as well as intentional burning), ash and sulphate from volcanic eruptions and degassing, sea spray, haze from industrial activities or vegetation emissions, and more. (databasefootball.com)
For simulations of past and future changes in climate, GCMs (and other climate models) apply concentrations of greenhouse gases and other radiatively active compounds (e.g. aerosols from volcanic or anthropogenic activity) as forcing. (lu.se)

To understand how aerosols have changed, it is desirable to have a much longer time series, particularly for developing countries which often saw large industrialization and growth during the late 20th century. (databasefootball.com)

The climatic implications of regional aerosol and precursor emissions reductions implemented to protect human health are poorly understood. (nasa.gov)
As long as GHG concentrations continue to increase and anthropogenic aerosol precursor emissions over both North America and Europe continue to decrease, the abrupt summer surface warming and increases in hot temperature extremes over Northeast Asia since the mid-1990s will probably sustain for the next few decades," said Dr. Buwen. (earth.com)

Hydrogen is not directly a greenhouse gas, but its chemical reactions change the abundances of the greenhouse gases methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapor, as well as aerosols. (noaa.gov)
This increase has been due to a combination of rising concentrations of well‐mixed greenhouse gases and recent reductions in aerosol emissions. (judithcurry.com)
As such, solar geoengineering is not a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions but would act as a temporary measure to limit warming while emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced and carbon dioxide is removed . (wikipedia.org)
Studies underline that these changes are predominantly caused by our way of living - how we travel, supply energy, produce goods, the food we eat, how we live - as these involve the use of fossil fuels and land use change, with concomitant emissions of greenhouse gases into the climate system. (lu.se)

The southeastern United States is characterized by intense biogenic-anthropogenic interactions, where a large fraction of secondary organic aerosol is from natural sources (biogenic) but modulated by human-caused (anthropogenic) pollutants. (noaa.gov)
Further, comprehensive and long-term (spanning multiple seasons) measurements will allow for thorough characterization of pandemic impacts on atmospheric composition in urban environments with intense biogenic emissions. (noaa.gov)
Next year when we are flying to Finland and almost to Lapland, we expect much more natural biogenic emissions. (euronews.com)
So before we can understand what humans are doing to contribute to higher aerosol loadings, we also have to really understand the biogenic sources. (euronews.com)
The later includes enhanced biogenic SOA formation due to increased emissions of primary organic aerosol (5-25% increases in surface SOA concentrations in 2100). (escholarship.org)

She is currently focused on analyzing the relative climate impact of aerosol emissions from different regions and sectors to help optimize climate mitigation strategies. (stanford.edu)

So by reducing sulphate-aerosols we run the risk of suppressing an effect which actually works against climate warming. (euronews.com)
In each case, the eruption was so strong that significant amounts of sulphur dioxide (which gets converted to sulphate aerosols) were carried up into the stratosphere (12 to 15 km above the ground). (realclimate.org)

Hourly radon concentrations are used to demonstrate and characterise contamination of remote-fetch pollution observations by local emissions at this key WMO GAW site, and a seasonally-varying 5-hour diurnal sampling window is proposed for days on which diurnal cycles are evident to minimise these effects. (aaqr.org)
So we expect to find a fair amount of anthropogenic (man-made) pollution. (euronews.com)
The algorithms developed for this study could be applied to study other anthropogenic sources of pollution around the world. (nasa.gov)

We evaluate our interactive representation of the stratospheric sulfur cycle against data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder, and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II. (noaa.gov)
There are multiple potential approaches, with stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) being the most-studied method, followed by marine cloud brightening (MCB). (wikipedia.org)

Here, we use an eight-year record (2005-2012) of formaldehyde measurements from space to constrain the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in this region. (nature.com)
Radon-222 is used to better constrain anthropogenic emissions from SE Asia. (aaqr.org)

The overall goal of the proposed project is to analyze a comprehensive suite of measurements conducted in urban Atlanta during 2020 to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 containment efforts on the emissions and fates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as organic aerosol loading and composition in urban environments. (noaa.gov)
Results from this study will provide new insights into how reduced anthropogenic emissions influence organic aerosol loading and composition in the region, as emissions continue to decrease in the future with mitigation strategies. (noaa.gov)
My studies range from detailed aerosol processes such as the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), to centennial time scale climate variability related to natural variability and external forcings. (nasa.gov)
While my main expertise is organic aerosols, I am also experienced in working with all other aerosol types as well as tropospheric gas-phase and heterogeneous chemistry. (nasa.gov)
Scattering aerosols such as sulfate and organic carbon promote photosynthesis while absorbing aerosols such as black carbon have negative impacts. (copernicus.org)
The emission factors of organic carbon (OC) of gasoline and natural gas vehicles were much higher than those of elemental carbon (EC) in every test stage. (bvsalud.org)

The spatiotemporal variability of natural and anthropogenic SO2 emissions, and hence of global sulfate aerosol abundance, is poorly constrained, impacting the accuracy of climate models. (mtu.edu)

The calculated methane emissions show fair agreement with field data and capture detailed differences between the explicitly modelled gas transport processes and in the gas dynamics under varying soil water and temperature conditions during seasons and on different microsites. (copernicus.org)

Here, we investigated the anthropogenic and natural factors affecting long-term global aridity changes using multisource observation-based aridity index, factorial simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), and rigorous detection and attribution (D&A) methods. (ornl.gov)
Comparison with simulations of a natural world, without anthropogenic forcing, indicate that these trends have emerged from the expected range of natural variability within the first half of the 21st century. (frontiersin.org)
This discrepancy implies a degree of "anthropogenic emergence," with a departure from the natural MHW conditions that have previously shaped marine ecosystems for centuries or even millennia. (frontiersin.org)
But they also want to understand the exact proportion of natural and man-made aerosols. (euronews.com)
Although the emission factors of light-duty natural gas vehicles were very low at the low- and medium-speed stages, they were similar to those of heavy-duty diesel vehicles at the high-speed stage. (bvsalud.org)
BECC brings together more than 350 scientists from the natural and social sciences to perform research on the combined consequences of anthropogenic emissions, climate and land-use changes on biodiversity and ecosystem services on multiple scales, to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of ecosystems and biodiversity. (lu.se)

Instead, using four years of ground-based aerosol and radiation measurements obtained near Barrow, Alaska, we find that under polluted conditions, cloud emissivity is increased by between 0.05 and 0.08. (confex.com)
Part of the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility, the Mobile Aerosol Observing System (MAOS) consists of two compact, state-of-the-art instrument suites installed in modified shipping containers. (bnl.gov)
Aerosols enhance plant photosynthesis by increasing diffuse radiation. (copernicus.org)

Research suggests that there is a relationship between aerosol concentration and cloud formation, and that changes in cloud density can result in increased temperatures at Earth's surface. (bnl.gov)
These results highlight distinct fingerprints of anthropogenic activity in Earth's changing energy budget, which we find observations can detect within 4 years. (judithcurry.com)
They now plan to apply their new algorithms to the full AVHRR records and merge them with MODIS and other advanced sensor records, more than doubling the available length of Deep Blue data sets and improving our understanding of how and where the Earth's aerosol burden has been changing. (databasefootball.com)

Quantifying the magnitude of the associated emissions and their impact on regional air quality is therefore urgently needed. (nature.com)

and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 , MtSO 2 /yr, bottom-right graph, contributing to anthropogenic aerosols in panel (b). (ipcc.ch)
One example is sulphur dioxide emissions. (euronews.com)
For a long time, the aim was to reduce sulphur dioxide because it contributed to "acid rain", and we have been successful here in Europe and also in America in reducing these emissions," Dr Mentel told euronews. (euronews.com)

Based on a subset of observations most representative of the important regional fetch areas for this site, and least affected by local emissions, seasonal estimates of CO and SO 2 in air masses originating from South China, North China, Korea and Japan are compared across the decade of observations. (aaqr.org)
While emission trends determined by bottom-up methods can be generally verified by observations from both ground stations and satellites, clear discrepancies exist for given regions and seasons, indicating a need for more accurate spatial and time distributions of emissions. (harvard.edu)
New observations and related modelling studies of the aerosol-cloud-climate. (copernicus.org)

To examine the effects of China's national policies of energy conservation and emission control during 2005-2010, inter-annual emission trends of gaseous pollutants, primary aerosols, and CO2 are estimated with a bottom-up framework. (harvard.edu)

The mobile units have complementary research objectives-one is specialized to conduct on-site measurements of aerosol samples, the other to examine the chemical composition of samples-and the two are deployed together. (bnl.gov)
These had not been used widely for aerosol monitoring over land before, mainly because they lack measurements at several of the main wavelengths used for monitoring aerosols over land and their digitization (for the earlier members of the series) meant that the data could be noisy. (databasefootball.com)

One shortcoming to date has been that the types of instrument which can quantify aerosol loading over land robustly have only been flying since around the start of the 21st century. (databasefootball.com)

Marine aerosols also release small amounts of gaseous hydrogen fluoride and fluoride salts into the air (Friend 1989). (cdc.gov)

Crop burning is calculated to cause important increases in surface ozone (+7%) and fine aerosol concentrations (+18%) in the North China Plain in June. (nature.com)
A technique is developed whereby the distribution of radon concentrations from a fetch region can be used to select air masses that have consistently been in direct contact with land-based emissions, and have been least diluted en route to the measurement site. (aaqr.org)

I am currently working on a variety of topics related to aerosol research and their sources, sinks, and interactions with climate at various levels of complexity. (nasa.gov)
She is a recipient of numerous scientific awards, including consecutive Outstanding Student Paper Awards from the American Geophysical Union for her work on aerosol/climate interactions. (stanford.edu)

Our approach contrasts a long present-day control simulation from each model (up to 400 years with perpetual year 2000 or 2005 emissions) with 14 individual aerosol emissions perturbation simulations (160-240 years each). (nasa.gov)
We update previous estimates of regional temperature potential (RTP), a metric for estimating the regional temperature responses to a regional emissions perturbation that can facilitate assessment of climate impacts with integrated assessment models without requiring computationally demanding coupled climate model simulations. (nasa.gov)
Meanwhile, two WRF-Chem simulations are forced by normal emissions and the satellite-based urban aerosol changes, respectively. (cdc.gov)

There is an instrument from our Swiss partner that measures the absorption of water in aerosols, a crucial element in cloud formation," said Dr Mentel. (euronews.com)

These include airborne mineral dusts of silicate and carbonate minerals, gypsum and salts, as well as anthropogenic sources of metallic fumes, possibly from battery smelting operations, and emissions of leaded gasoline vehicles. (rti.org)

This paper explores the uncertainty in climate change forecast between global climate models, emission scenarios, climate sensitivity, and feedbacks, which leads to how uncertainties are becoming a challenge for governments and organisations to implement mitigation and adaptions measures. (ukessays.com)
We find that climate sensitivity to regional aerosol perturbations ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 K/(W/m 2 ) depending on the region and aerosol composition and is larger than the climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO 2 in two of three models. (nasa.gov)

The largest area of warming is concentrated south of Chengdu and Wuhan where temperatures increased between +0.2-0.3C. The results of this study are important for understanding the anthropogenic forcing on regional meteorology. (cdc.gov)

We use the ECLIPSE version 6 (ECLv6) and CEDS year 2021 release (CEDS21) as input to the chemical transport model OsloCTM3 and compare the resulting aerosol evolution to corresponding results derived with the first CEDS release, as well as to observed trends in regional and global aerosol optical depth (AOD). (iiasa.ac.at)
We estimate a net global mean aerosol-induced RF in 2014 relative to 1990 of 0.08 W m−2 for CEDS21 and 0.12 W m−2 for ECLv6, compared to 0.03 W m−2 with CEDS. (iiasa.ac.at)
A more robust knowledge of atmospheric aerosols may lead to deeper understanding of global climate change. (bnl.gov)
Panel (b) Warming contributions by groups of anthropogenic drivers and by scenario are shown as the change in global surface temperature (°C) in 2081-2100 relative to 1850-1900, with indication of the observed warming to date. (ipcc.ch)
In all models, the global mean surface temperature response (perturbation minus control) to SO 2 and/or carbonaceous aerosol is mostly positive (warming) and statistically significant and ranges from +0.17 K (Europe SO 2 ) to -0.06 K (US BC). (nasa.gov)
Projected anthropogenic land use change for 2100 (A2) is predicted to reduce the global SOA burden by 14%, largely the result of cropland expansion. (escholarship.org)
South America is the largest global source region for SOA in the present day and 2100, but Asia experiences the largest relative growth in SOA production by 2100 because of the large predicted increases in Asian anthropogenic aromatic emissions. (escholarship.org)
The projected decrease in global sulfur emissions implies that SOA will contribute a progressively larger fraction of the global aerosol burden. (escholarship.org)

Five individual PMF factors (source categories) were modeled, four of which being assigned to components of geological dust, and the fifth to gasoline vehicle emissions together with battery smelting operations. (rti.org)

In this study, we found that the aerosol impacts are quite different for varied species. (copernicus.org)
There is a great need in the future for multi-pollutant control strategies that combine recognition of diverse environmental impacts both in urban and rural areas with emission abatement of multiple species in concert. (harvard.edu)
Geeta has spoken on aerosols and their climate impacts in a number of international venues, including the United Nations Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development in Brazil and the 4th International Training School on Atmospheric Brown Cloud in Nepal. (stanford.edu)

Future anthropogenic emissions of key drivers of climate change and warming contributions by groups of drivers for the five illustrative scenarios used in this report. (ipcc.ch)

Urban aerosols decreased from 27.1% of pre-C19Q aerosols to only 17.5% during C19Q. (cdc.gov)

Geeta holds a B.S. in Geophysics from Stanford University, where she received the Kennedy Prize for the top undergraduate science thesis university-wide for her work on black carbon aerosols. (stanford.edu)

The southern hemisphere climate faces limited anthropogenic emissions, because only 10 percent of the world population can contribute with less pollutant providing activities, and hasn't changed, but that could well be because it is equally influenced and driven, like the northern hemisphere, by the variation of sun activity in diverse cycles. (scirp.org)

The atmospheric component of the GFDL Earth System Model (ESM4.1) uses a bulk aerosol scheme and previously prescribed the distribution of aerosol optical properties in the stratosphere. (noaa.gov)
However, because of electrical charge, caused by friction or due to anthropogenic negatively charged nano structured particle, emissions will travel up to the lower stratosphere and become neutralized at the electro sphere level, and they do also have a tendency to move to the Arctic. (scirp.org)

During the study, four standard weather balloons are launched each day to collect data on conditions such as wind speed and direction, pressure, and humidity, while MAOS collects data on aerosol properties, including their concentration, size distributions, and ability to scatter and absorb light. (bnl.gov)
Except in the Arctic in the summer, extreme temperature responses largely mirror mean temperature responses to regional aerosol perturbations through a shift of the temperature distributions and are mostly dominated by local rather than remote aerosol forcing. (nasa.gov)

This report will first examine the science that forms the basis for the AR5 conclusion of anthropogenic climate change. (ukessays.com)

We perturb emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and/or carbonaceous aerosol within six world regions and assess the statistical significance of mean and extreme temperature responses relative to internal variability determined by the control simulation and across the models. (nasa.gov)

The temperature response in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes is most sensitive to emissions perturbations within that region. (nasa.gov)
These calculations indicate a robust regional response to aerosol forcing within the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, regardless of where the aerosol forcing is located longitudinally. (nasa.gov)

2020: Local and remote mean and extreme temperature response to regional aerosol emissions. (nasa.gov)

Experts from the University of Reading in the UK and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics conducted a study to find out how much anthropogenic forces affect the climate of a region like Northeast Asia. (earth.com)
The study also found that reduced aerosol emissions over Europe are a major contributing factor in creating temperature extremes. (earth.com)

Statistical information is however not available for every year and cannot be used to assess interannual variability or evaluate emission abatement measures. (nature.com)

Radiative5

Atmosphere19

Particles5

Gases and aerosols1

Volcanic8

Understand how aerosols1

Precursor emissions2

Greenhouse gases4

Biogenic5

Impact of aerosol1

Sulphate-aerosols2

Pollution3

Stratospheric Aerosol2

Constrain2

Organic6

Sulfate1

Processes1

Natural6

Radiation3

Earth's3

Quantifying1

Sulphur dioxide3

Observations3

Pollutants1

Measurements2

21st century1

Gaseous1

Concentrations2

Interactions2

Simulations3

Cloud formation1

Leaded gasoline vehicles1

Sensitivity2

Meteorology1

Global8

Dust1

Impacts3

Contributions1

Urban1

Black carbon1

Driven1

Stratosphere2

Distributions2

Climate change1

Sulfur1

Hemisphere2

20201

Study2

Abatement1