Anthocyanin pathway gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

The moderate deficit irrigation treatments enhanced anthocyanin accumulation with respect to the severe ones regardless of the period when they were applied (pre- or post-veraison). (frontiersin.org)

The measurements of cluster temperature and light exposure highlighted that under deficit irrigation conditions, the effects induced by water stress prevailed over that of light and temperature in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. (frontiersin.org)

Combined with contents of total anthocyanidins and carotenoids in high-performance liquid chromatography, they focused on the role of cis-and trans-regulatory variants on key genes involved in anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. (phys.org)
MYBA2 gene involved in anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis pathways in grapevine. (geneticsmr.com)
Furthermore, we successfully engineered the anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis pathways using both CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPRa systems in pear calli. (nsf.gov)
The gene transcription of key enzymes involved in the four known biosynthesis pathways of the vitamin C resulted up-regulated specifically in fruit, contributing to the high vitamin C accumulation in juice sacs. (unicatt.it)

Moreover, a few studies report on variance in constitutive or stress induced anthocyanin accumulation in different accessions of Arabidopsis [5, 12, 22, 23]. (bioinf.org)
It has also been revealed that the TTG1/bHLH/Myb transcriptional complex regulates the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis seedlings [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
PRODUCTION OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES (PFG)-type MYB TFs were first identified as positive regulators of the flavonol pathway in Arabidopsis [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Conserved domains and phylogenetic analysis showed that EsMYBA1 belonged to the subgroup 6 clade (anthocyanin-related MYB clade) of R2R3-MYB family, which includes Arabidopsis AtPAP1, apple MdMYB10 and legume MtLAP1. (uky.edu)
In both transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis , overexpression of EsMYBA1 induced strong anthocyanin accumulation in reproductive and/or vegetative tissues via up-regulation of the main flavonoid-related genes. (uky.edu)
Arabidopsis thaliana Transcription Factor Ethylene-insensitive3(EIN3) Inhibits the Synthesis of Anthocyanins[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(1): 148-154. (nefu.edu.cn)
6. Pelletier M K,Murrell J R,Shirley B W. Characterization of flavonol synthase and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase genes in Arabidopsis (further evidence for differential regulation of 'early' and 'late' genes)[J]. Plant Physiology,1997,113(4):1437-1445. (nefu.edu.cn)
The formation of anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions in Arabidopsis thaliana and implications for the sequestration of anthocyanin pigments[J]. Molecular Plant,2010,3(1):78-90. (nefu.edu.cn)
Arabidopsis TT19 functions as a carrier to transport anthocyanin from the cytosol to tonoplasts[J]. Molecular Plant,2012,5(2):387-400. (nefu.edu.cn)
Using biologically interrelated experiments to identify pathway genes in Arabidopsis. (gao-lab.org)
Regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana red pap1-D cells metabolically programmed by auxins. (gao-lab.org)
Oxygen is a key signalling component of plant biology, and whilst an oxygen-sensing mechanism was previously described in Arabidopsis thaliana , key features of the associated PLANT CYSTEINE OXIDASE (PCO) N-degron pathway and Group VII ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERFVII) transcription factor substrates remain untested or unknown. (ofr.su)

Anthocyanin is an important color pigment, which is widely distributed across the plant kingdom. (biomedcentral.com)
Researchers in Japan have shown that one particular gene, which controls production of anthocyanin, the red pigment in grape skins, was mutated in white varieties," says team leader Dr Mandy Walker from CSIRO Plant Industry's Adelaide laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
One of the areas of future study is to determine if these two genes control the amount of red pigment made, so the colour of grapes can be improved. (sciencedaily.com)
The pigment heavenly blue anthocyanin is found in the vacuole of petal cells. (onlinemathlearning.com)
Scientists are producing transgenic plants in order to introduce pigment relevant genes which are not available naturally. (albiflora.eu)

In ripening grape berry skins, anthocyanin synthesis corresponds to a coordinated increased expression level of a number of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Some examples of such neofunctionalization is the apparent mutation of a duplicated digestive gene in a family of ice fish into an antifreeze gene and duplication leading to a novel snake venom gene [4] and the synthesis of 1 beta-hydroxytestosterone. (ipfs.io)
Chalcone synthase( CHS ) is widely found in plants and is a key enzyme in anthocyanin synthesis pathway. (nefu.edu.cn)
Their synthesis depends on the common flavonoid genes for anthocyanin formation, as well as the specific branch pathway genes to flavonols and CTs. (wflpublisher.com)
Taken together,our findings determined that PavSPSA1 may be a key gene regulating sucrose synthesis and accumulation in sweet cherry fruit and play an indispensable role in the regulation of sweet cherry fruit ripening and softening. (ahs.ac.cn)
Amino acid synthesis in yeast cells occurs through metabolic pathways, and enzymes in the synthesis pathways are encoded by different genes. (onlinemathlearning.com)
Thus, A.thaliana transcription factor EIN3 as well as EIL1 is involved in the suppression of the anthocyanin synthesis. (nefu.edu.cn)

After a whole genome duplication, there is a relatively short period of genome instability, extensive gene loss, elevated levels of nucleotide substitution and regulatory network rewiring. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, a link seems to exist between gene regulation (at least at the post-translational level) and genome evolution. (wikipedia.org)
Whole genome duplications are thought to be less detrimental than aneuploidy as the relative dosage of individual genes should be the same. (wikipedia.org)
Recent studies yielded a first direct estimate of the genome-wide rate of gene duplication in C. elegans, the first multicellular eukaryote for which such as estimate became available. (wikipedia.org)
With a well-characterized genome available, we discovered a candidate for that important gene. (usda.gov)
The identification of a candidate for the Y gene in carrot may provide insights to identify similar mutations in sequenced genomes of other crops, or to generate similar mutations with genome editing technologies. (usda.gov)
However, the effects of cis-and trans-regulatory variants at the whole genome level of gene expression leading to phenotypic differentiation in floral organs during the closely related newly diverged species are not very clear. (phys.org)
Genome wide association mapping of anthocyanin accumulation under control conditions did not lead to any association above the Bonferroni corrected significance threshold (Fig 4A), indicating that the chromosome 1 locus does not 6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin IC50 play a major role in constitutive anthocyanin accumulation. (bioinf.org)
Analysis of peel tissue indicated similar metabolic differences in the protective layer surrounding the pulp and suggested a distinct genetic regulation of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways between the genome groups. (bvsalud.org)
[3] After whole genome duplications many sets of additional genes are eventually lost, returning to singleton state. (ipfs.io)
Comprehensive genome engineering requires simultaneous targeting of multiple genes at defined locations. (nsf.gov)
Taken together, we build a highly efficient CRISPR toolbox for genome editing and gene regulation, paving the way for functional genomics studies as well as molecular breeding in pear. (nsf.gov)
The CHS gene of P.koraiensis were compared with those of the other 24 plants and model plant genome, which laid a foundation for the selection of appropriate expression system. (nefu.edu.cn)
The genome of O. longistaminata is of the same AA type as O. sativa , harboring many genes conferring resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and it is considered as a potential gene pool for genetic improvement of O. sativa . (chinagene.cn)
Moreover, new data related to the GalUR gene family in the citrus genome may suggest its involvement. (unicatt.it)
In order to ascertain the function of sucrose-phosphate synthase genes（ SPS ）in the regulation of sweet cherry ripening,four full-length cDNA of sweet cherry SPS genes（ PavSPSA1 , PavSPSA2 , PavSPSB ,and PavSPSC ）were cloned in sweet cherry genome. (ahs.ac.cn)
In octoploid strawberry, we found that anthocyanin biosynthesis is activated predominantly by MYB10-2, one of the three MYB10 copies present in this polyploid genome. (plantae.org)
Dynamic genome-wide association analysis and identification of candidate genes involved in anaerobic germination tolerance in rice , 2021, Rice (N Y). (github.io)
Whether this will still hold true after the discoveries that the Human Genome Project and CRISPR gene editing will make possible is not known. (medscape.com)

The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is an important secondary metabolic pathway leading to the production of anthocyanins, flavonols and condensed tannins (CTs). (wflpublisher.com)
The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is part of the phenylpropanoid pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The flavonoid biosynthetic genes, which encode these enzymes, are transcriptionally regulated by MYB family transcription factors (TFs). (biomedcentral.com)
These three different types of MYB TFs, PAP, TT2 and PFG, specifically activate the genes encoding the flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes involved in the anthocyanin, flavanol and flavonol pathways, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

In previous work we were able to map the trait and also genes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, but none of those genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis mapped with the Y locus. (usda.gov)

Overexpression of PbMYB12b enhanced the biosynthesis of quercetin glycosides and isorhamnetin glycosides by positively regulating a general flavonoids biosynthesis gene PbCHSb and a flavonol biosynthesis gene PbFLS . (biomedcentral.com)

Although the genes that encode carotenogenesis and flavonoids enzymes are well characterized, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that are related to the pathway genes remain to be investigated. (researchsquare.com)
The biosynthesis of anthocyanin and its derivatives are catalyzed by a number of enzymes through the flavonoid pathway [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Four genes encoding enzymes operating late in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway are induced together during flower development but the early steps appear to be induced more rapidly. (cshl.edu)
The data presented here suggest that the same regulatory mechanism interprets these signals for four of the genes encoding the later biosynthetic enzymes, but that different or modified mechanisms interpret the signals to control expression of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase genes in Antirrhinum flowers. (cshl.edu)
The enzymes catalyzing the specific steps of the pathway are encoded by structural genes that are coordinately controlled, and are in-turn under the control of transcription factors (regulatory genes). (wflpublisher.com)
The anthocyanin pathway is well described, and gene coding enzymes of the biosynthesis sequenced and analyzed at the molecular level. (unicatt.it)
Specifically, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase are the biosynthetic enzymes in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to assess the effects of two different strawberry extracts (whole methanolic extract/anthocyanin-enriched fraction) on the lipid profile and antioxidant status in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, the triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol content, lipid peroxidation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidant enzymes' activity on cell lysates were determined. (edu.mx)
C and R are understood as dominant alleles which determine certain enzymes required by the production of pigments - among them the anthocyanins, which are especially important for flower colour. (albiflora.eu)
Since there are so many different genes, regulatory genes and enzymes participating in this complex process, there are also different possibilities how this process is blocked or reduced. (albiflora.eu)

The team engineered the jewel tone by adding two genes from a purple snapdragon flower, which act like a switch to turn on the production of anthocyanins. (vantrumpreport.com)

Alterations in DNA methylation, lncRNAs and multiple genes may be involved in the regulation of FTLs . (nature.com)
Many retrogenes display changes in gene regulation in comparison to their parental gene sequences, which sometimes results in novel functions. (wikipedia.org)
Interestingly, genes involved in regulation are preferentially retained. (wikipedia.org)
Genes under cis-only and trans-only regulation were significantly enriched for additive inheritance and dominant inheritance, respectively. (phys.org)
In pleiotropic constraints, genes with trans-only regulation exhibited a relatively broader expression breadth and a higher expression level than genes with cis-only regulation. (phys.org)
The anthocyanin 5- aromatic acyltransferase gene underwent cis-trans compensating regulation and the glutathione s-transferase F11 gene with cis-trans enhancing regulation exhibited much higher expression in N. nucifera to promote anthocyanin accumulation. (phys.org)
Notably, the expression of the anthocyanin upstream regulatory genes PAL , CHS , and CHI was upregulated in pink and red testa peanuts, indicating that their regulation may occur before to the advent of testa pigmentation. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, the down-regulation of HCT , IFS , HID , 7- IOMT , and I2'H genes provided an alternative mechanism for promoting anthocyanin accumulation via perturbation of lignin and isoflavone pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, the co-expression module of MYB, bHLH, and WRKY transcription factors also suggested a fascinating transcriptional activation complex, where MYB-bHLH could utilize WRKY as a co-option during the testa color regulation by augmenting anthocyanin biosynthesis in peanut. (biomedcentral.com)
The increasing research effort towards understanding this pathway that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom has resulted in the accumulation of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying its regulation. (wflpublisher.com)
Furthermore,we used TRV-mediated virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS）to evaluate the function of PavSPSA1 , PavSPSA2 , PavSPSB ,and PavSPSC in the regulation of ripening. (ahs.ac.cn)
However, little is known about the R2R3-MYB TFs involved in regulation of the flavonoid pathway in Epimedium . (uky.edu)
Characterization of the cis elements in the proximal promoter regions of the anthocyanin pathway genes reveals a common regulatory logic that governs pathway regulation. (gao-lab.org)
Regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by Medicago truncatula bHLH transcription factor MtTT8. (gao-lab.org)
There are mechanisms by which environmental exposures induces epigenetic changes by affecting regulation and gene expression. (cloudfront.net)
Anthocyanin biosynthesis is induced or repressed through transcriptional regulation of structural genes by transcription factors such as MYB, bHLH, and WD-repeat proteins. (plantae.org)

Furthermore, retention of regulatory genes, most notably the Hox genes, has led to adaptive innovation. (wikipedia.org)
Changes in gene expression patterns can be caused by mutations in either cis-regulatory regions (promoter) of the gene itself or trans-acting regulatory genes (transcription factors). (phys.org)
The results revealed that trans-regulatory variants had higher correlations on the differentiation of gene expression in petal tissues between the two species. (phys.org)
And genes with significantly higher expression in N. lutea tended to be regulated by trans-regulatory variants. (phys.org)
In addition, hub genes in modules from anthocyanin-and carotenoid-related weighted co-expression networks were preferentially regulated by trans-only with dominant inheritance, which involved the rewiring of the anthocyanin and carotenoid gene regulatory networks between the two species. (phys.org)
Genes from different cis-and trans-regulatory variants exhibit different inheritance modes. (phys.org)
Genes with different regulatory categories preferred a specific inheritance mode of gene expression in F1 hybrids. (phys.org)
Additionally, genes under antagonistic cis-and trans-effects (cis-trans compensating regulatory variants and cis-trans compensatory regulatory variants) showed significant enrichment of transgressive inheritance. (phys.org)
There were multiple known genes under cis-and trans-regulatory variants in modules from Weighted Correlation Network Analysis involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. (phys.org)
The expression level of the lycopene ε-cyclase gene was significantly higher in N. lutea to promote carotenoid accumulation, suggesting cis-and trans-regulatory variants involved in the rewiring of the anthocyanin and carotenoid gene regulatory networks. (phys.org)
Finally, a hierarchical model for the regulatory network among the pathway genes and TFs was proposed. (researchsquare.com)
In addition to these ITGAL transcription factors, many other structural and regulatory genes of the pathway are up-regulated in the reference accession Col-0 under numerous stress conditions [4, 19C21]. (bioinf.org)
However, the differential expression of down-stream regulatory genes including F3H , DFR , and ANS revealed that deepening of testa color not only depends on their gene expression bias, but also linked with FLS inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
Co-ordination of expression could imply a common regulatory mechanism controlling the expression of metabolically related genes. (cshl.edu)
However, the observed influence of the regulatory gene Delila shows that the spatial co-ordination of gene expression must involve more than one regulatory system. (cshl.edu)
The generally identical structure and composition of genes taking part to anthocyanins pathway and their higher expression in blood oranges compared to common ones, suggested the investigation on regulatory network, in particular MYB transcription factors that play an important role in activation of the biosynthesis. (unicatt.it)
Among them are regulatory genes, which influence the timing, distribution, and amount of anthocyanin pigmentation. (albiflora.eu)

Berries from both RDI-1 treatments showed the highest accumulation of anthocyanins, upregulating the expression of many genes of the flavonoid pathway since the beginning of veraison until harvest, far after the water deficit was released. (frontiersin.org)
The red color of strawberry fruits results from the accumulation of anthocyanins, which are synthesized through the well-known flavonoid pathway. (plantae.org)

The discovery of a candidate gene for the Y locus, which conditions the accumulation of carotenoid pigments in carrot roots. (usda.gov)
These water-soluble pigments are synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum via the well-known flavonoid pathway and transported into the vacuole for storage. (columbusblueberry.com)
In plants, anthocyanins are one of the water-soluble natural pigments, and they play an important role in the growth and development of plants. (nefu.edu.cn)
Martin's aim was to make a tomato very high in purple pigments called anthocyanins, which are also found in blackberries, blueberries, cabbage. (vantrumpreport.com)

Strawberry fruit receptacles vary in color due to different levels of anthocyanins. (columbusblueberry.com)
Identification of the genes affecting external (skin) and internal (flesh) fruit color would facilitate the development of molecular markers for the efficient development of new strawberry varieties with increased or reduced levels of anthocyanins. (plantae.org)

Anthocyanins are synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum and are later transported into the vacuole for storage via different types of mechanisms. (plantae.org)

KEGG analysis indicates that these genes were divided into significantly enriched metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid, flavonoid/anthocyanin, isoflavonoid and lignin biosynthetic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

The C-S-A gene system regulates hull pigmentation and reveals evolution of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in rice. (github.io)
The anthocyanins are responsible for red pigmentation in the flesh of sweet orange and one of the most important antioxidant compounds together with carotenoids (in particular lycopene) and ascorbic acid. (unicatt.it)
In a recent study, the association of a long terminal repeat (LTR) to a Myb-like gene was found correlated to the red pigmentation in the flesh fruits of sweet orange cultivars. (unicatt.it)

The dose-dependent induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes ( FTLs ) may have contributed to dose-dependent flowering induction in pineapple by ethylene. (nature.com)
Four ethylene receptors genes ( AcERS1b , AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b ) have been cloned, and expression analysis showed that AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b play key roles in pineapple flowering 13 . (nature.com)
The ethylene biosynthesis pathway in higher plants has been well studied. (hindawi.com)
Ethylene-insensitive3(EIN3) and EIN3-like1(EIL1) proteins are important nuclear transcription factors in ethylene signal transduction pathways in higher plants. (nefu.edu.cn)

Despite many studies investigated the effect of water deficit on berry flavonoids, only a few have focused on the transcriptomic modulation of the related biosynthetic pathways. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, Cara cara navel orange fruit at four development stages were used to identify the key genes and TFs for carotenoids and flavonoids accumulation. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, 15/15 candidate TFs might regulate at least three key genes and contribute to carotenoids/flavonoids accumulation in CNO fruit. (researchsquare.com)
Collectively, our results suggest that DXS1 , DXR , GGPPS2 , PSY1 and LCYB genes were the most important genes for carotenoids accumulation, while PAL-1 , PAL-4 , 4CL-2 , 4CL-5 , CHS-1 and CHI for flavonoids biosynthesis. (researchsquare.com)
A total of 34 TFs were postulated as co-regulators in both pathways directly or indirectly, which might play important roles in carotenoids and flavonoids accumulation in CNO fruit. (researchsquare.com)
Anthocyanins belong to a class of compounds called flavonoids that have antioxidant effects. (vantrumpreport.com)

Rapid evolution and functional divergence have been observed at the level of the transcription of duplicated genes, usually by point mutations in short transcription factor binding motifs. (wikipedia.org)
The analysis included the transcription factor (and only ten mutations occurred of which 4 were non-synonymous (Table 1), whereas between 27 and 41 mutations, of which between 22 and 26 were non-synonymous, were observed for the other three MYB genes. (bioinf.org)
Duplication creates genetic redundancy, where the second copy of the gene is often free from selective pressure - that is, mutations of it have no deleterious effects to its host organism. (ipfs.io)
Thus, duplicate genes accumulate mutations faster than a functional single-copy gene, over generations of organisms, and it is possible for one of the two copies to develop a new and different function. (ipfs.io)
Our research suggests that extremely rare and independent mutations in two genes produced a single white grapevine that was the parent of almost all of the world's white grape varieties. (sciencedaily.com)
Three different FvMYB10 alleles and a deletion of this gene were uncovered, indicating that mutations in MYB10 occurred independently in diverse ecological niches to drive the natural variation in strawberry fruit color. (columbusblueberry.com)
We found that all analyzed color variants in the genus Fragaria were caused by independent mutations in the same gene, the transcription factor gene MYB10 . (plantae.org)

One week after girdling, abscisic acid and gibberellin content was higher in fruitlets from girdled vines and genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway were induced in both cultivars. (agri.gov.il)

Therefore, like red fruits, white fruits with downregulated MYB10 expression are rich sources of nutritional compounds other than anthocyanins. (columbusblueberry.com)
But James said: 'We have evidence that the compounds protect against Alzheimer's by influencing the early gene expression in learning and memory, which influences cell signaling pathways that help neuronal cells communicate with each other. (eurekalert.org)
The biosynthetic pathways of most flavonoid compounds have been verified. (biomedcentral.com)

Gene expression rewiring often contributes to phenotypic evolution between newly diverged species. (phys.org)
The expression differences of these three genes had important impacts on the flower color differentiation between the two lotus species. (phys.org)
In addition, we examined sequence and expression variation in candidate anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes. (uvm.edu)
The ability to sense sugars is crucial for the modulation of gene expression in plants. (santannapisa.it)
Fig 4 Manhattan plots of GWA mapping for anthocyanin accumulation under control (A) and stress conditions (B). Anthocyanin accumulation is not determined by the level of gene expression of MYBs Natural variance can take action on the level of 6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin IC50 transcription by modifying promoter regions or on the effectiveness of protein function by modifying coding regions. (bioinf.org)
To assess whether any of the assigned candidate genes displayed expression variance that corresponds to differences in anthocyanin accumulation, the three MYB genes and the calmodulin-like gene at the associated locus on chromosome 1 were subjected to qPCR analysis on plants produced under control and stress conditions. (bioinf.org)
In a prior study, the accumulation of anthocyanin and their associated gene expression were shown to be greatly increased in red orange fruit under low temperature storage condition [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification of genes related to floral organ development in pak choi by expression profiling. (geneticsmr.com)
Cloning of three genes involved in the flavonoid metabolic pathway and their expression during insect resistance in Pinus massoniana Lamb. (geneticsmr.com)
Alteration of flower color in Iris germanica L. 'Fire Bride' through ectopic expression of phytoene synthase gene (crtB) from Pantoea agglomerans. (oregonstate.edu)
Genetic modulation of the carotenogenesis in I. germanica 'Fire Bride' by ectopic expression of a crtB gene causes several flower parts to develop novel orange and pink colors. (oregonstate.edu)
Temporal And Spatial Control Of Expression Of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes In Developing Flowers Of Antirrhinum majus. (cshl.edu)
The co-ordination of expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes was studied in developing flowers. (cshl.edu)
The data presented here show that while four genes may share such a mechanism for the control of their expression during flower development, different control processes regulate the early steps of the pathway. (cshl.edu)
Spatially, gene expression is patterned across the flower and appears to be very similar for all the biosynthetic genes. (cshl.edu)
Delila itself appears to have a dual function, being required for activation of expression of the later genes in the flower tube but repressing chalcone synthase gene expression in the mesophyll of the corolla lobes. (cshl.edu)
It is postulated that common signals induce the expression of genes in the pathway during flower development. (cshl.edu)
The expression of structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis is fine-tuned by transcription factors such as MYB, bHLH, and WD-repeat proteins. (columbusblueberry.com)
Gene expression analysis showed that the expression levels of PavSPSA1 was the highest,followed by PavSPSC ,whereas PavSPSA2 and PavSPSB were relatively weakly expressed during the fruit growth and development,and ripening using quantitative real-time PCR. (ahs.ac.cn)
A researcher is studying patterns of gene expression in mice. (onlinemathlearning.com)
Yeast two-hybrid and transient luciferase expression assay showed that EsMYBA1 can interact with several bHLH regulators of the flavonoid pathway and activate the promoters of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase ( DFR ) and anthocyanidin synthase ( ANS ). (uky.edu)
Ectopic Expression of the Coleus R2R3 MYB-Type Proanthocyanidin Regulator Gene SsMYB3 Alters the Flower Color in Transgenic Tobacco. (gao-lab.org)

Overexpression of allele MYB114-2, resulting in truncated proteins, did not result in increased anthocyanin accumulation [16]. (bioinf.org)
Transient overexpression of FvMYB10, but not fvmyb10-2, restored anthocyanin biosynthesis in a white-fruited accession. (columbusblueberry.com)

We conclude that the timing and intensity of water stress strongly regulate the berry flavonoid accumulation and that proper management of deficit irrigation can modulate the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. (frontiersin.org)
However, the underlying molecular mechanism between the peanut testa color and genes that regulate its related trait is still not clearly elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
Many R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been identified to regulate the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways. (uky.edu)

Several metabolites have been linked to this infection, but these metabolites were treated as individual variables rather than pathway-linked entities. (mdpi.com)
In this study, we used WGCNA, a pathway-resolved data-driven method, to explore the relationship between metabolites and CMV infection. (mdpi.com)
This approach aimed to increase the flux of metabolites into the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and lead to elevated levels of lycopene and darker pink or red flowers. (oregonstate.edu)
However, besides anthocyanins, few metabolites were affected in these lines. (columbusblueberry.com)

Induction of anthocyanin accumulation by osmotic stress was assessed in 360 accessions of identified a causal polymorphism at amino acid (AA) position 210 of this transcription factor of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. (bioinf.org)

The colour has been achieved by introducing into white carnation two genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway from Petunia and Viola sp. (cbd.int)
At least 35 genes are known to affect flower colour in petunia (Timothy A. Holton/Edwina C. Cornish: Genetics and Biochemistry of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. (albiflora.eu)
Thus, there are transgenic petunia plants with foreign genes which allow the production of pelargonidin, an anthocyanin with a deeply red colouring. (albiflora.eu)

We identified a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor at chickpea's B locus that conditions flower and seed colors, orthologous to Mendel's A gene of garden pea, whose loss of function is associated invariantly with the kabuli type of chickpea. (uvm.edu)
From the polyphyletic distribution of the kabuli form in germplasm, an absence of nested variation within the bHLH gene and invariant association of loss of function of bHLH among the kabuli type, we conclude that the kabuli form arose multiple times during the phase of phenotypic diversification after initial domestication of cultivated chickpea. (uvm.edu)

The transcripts of five carotenogenesis genes were highly correlated with lycopene contents, and 16, 40, 48, 24 and 18 transcription factors (TFs) were predicted to potentially bind their promoters, respectively. (researchsquare.com)

With a goal of developing iris cultivars with red flowers, we transformed a pink iris I. germanica, 'Fire Bride', with a bacterial phytoene synthase gene (crtB) from Pantoea agglomerans under the control of the promoter region of a gene for capsanthin-capsorubin synthase from Lilium lancifolium (Llccs). (oregonstate.edu)
Functional identification and promoter preliminary analysis of Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase genes in turnip[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2015,35(4):572-582. (nefu.edu.cn)

Gene Trp-T encodes an enzyme that converts tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvic acid (I3PA), which is then converted to IAA by an enzyme encoded by the gene YUC. (onlinemathlearning.com)
1) introduction of genes encoding novel enzyme activities, and (2) inactivation of endogenous genes (Holton/Cornish 1995, p.1077). (albiflora.eu)

This fvmyb10-2 allele co-segregated with the white phenotype at a 1:2:1 ratio, as expected for a single-gene codominant trait. (columbusblueberry.com)
A genetic allele (or DNA sequence) is recessive, when an individual of a certain species needs two copies of the relevant genes so that a certain genetic trait is expressed. (albiflora.eu)

Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular mapping and candidate gene analysis for resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus stem. (geneticsmr.com)
Molecular Dissection of the Gene OsGA2ox8 Conferring Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Rice , 2021, Int J Mol Sci. (github.io)

Floral integrator genes such as FT , SOC1 , and AGL24 , converge various cues and activate the floral identity genes (e.g. (nature.com)
Blueberries are not a nutrient…but they are really high in anthocyanins, which activate the NRF2 pathway. (foundmyfitness.com)

Comparisons of genomes demonstrate that gene duplications are common in most species investigated. (wikipedia.org)
Previously, many studies have demonstrated anthocyanin biosynthesis in several plant species. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we identified 21 switchgrass 14-3-3 proteins (designated PvGF14a to PvGF14u) and examined genes for improved stress tolerance in this species. (geneticsmr.com)
These genes have now been isolated in many plant species. (wflpublisher.com)
The application of this knowledge accompanied by the rapid advances in genomic programs, insertion mutagenesis and transformation protocols in the model plant species has greatly improved efforts geared towards a more directed exploitation of this important secondary metabolic pathway for novel products. (wflpublisher.com)

1] They contain 10 times as much anthocyanins as blueberries (mostly cyanidin glycosides). (foundmyfitness.com)

If only one gene had been mutated, most grapes would still be red and we would not have the more than 3000 white grape cultivars available today. (sciencedaily.com)

Codon Usage Bias of Chalcone Synthase Gene CHS in Pinus koraiensis [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(3): 447-457. (nefu.edu.cn)

[7] The complex cell signaling pathways of multicellular organisms such as plants and humans can make understanding the mechanisms of this inherited process very difficult. (cloudfront.net)

Gene duplications can arise as products of several types of errors in DNA replication and repair machinery as well as through fortuitous capture by selfish genetic elements. (wikipedia.org)
Gene duplications are an essential source of genetic novelty that can lead to evolutionary innovation. (ipfs.io)
Our findings reveal a simple genetic control of MYB10 over strawberry skin and flesh color, making it a good target for marker-assisted breeding as well as gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. (plantae.org)

Identification and characterization of the 14-3-3 gene family in switchgrass. (geneticsmr.com)

These findings reveal candidate functional genes and potential strategies for the manipulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis to improve peanut varieties with desirable testa color. (biomedcentral.com)

The R2R3 transcription factor MYB10 activates these genes during strawberry fruit development (Medina-Puche et al. (columbusblueberry.com)
A gypsy -transposon detected in MYB10 truncates this protein and knocks out anthocyanin biosynthesis in white-fruited strawberry. (columbusblueberry.com)
We wanted to know which genes were responsible for the natural fruit color variation in strawberry. (plantae.org)

Iris callus tissue ectopically expressing the crtB gene exhibited a color change from yellow to pink-orange and red, due to accumulation of lycopene. (oregonstate.edu)

Anatomy2

Organisms9

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science2

Enhanced anthocyanin accumulation1

Regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis1

Biosynthesis pathways4

Arabidopsis12

Pigment5

Synthesis7

Genome19

Flavonoid biosynthetic4

Carotenoid biosynthesis1

Flavonol biosynthesis1

Enzymes10

Production of anthocyanins1

Regulation16

Regulatory17

Accumulation of anthocyanins2

Pigments4

Levels of anthocyanins2

Synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum1

Lignin1

Pigmentation3

Ethylene4

Flavonoids6

Mutations7

Phenylpropanoid pathway1

Compounds3

Expression22

Overexpression2

Regulate3

Metabolites4

Accessions1

Petunia3

BHLH2

Transcription factors1

Promoter2

Enzyme2

Trait2

Molecular3

Activate2

Species5

Blueberries1

Cultivars1

Chalcone synthase1

Mechanisms1

Genetic3

Identification1

Functional1

Strawberry3

Lycopene1