PeninsulaAntarcticaSpeciesSoilsFungiRRNALichenVirusesScientistsBacterialGenesAlgaeEpiphyticHeterotrophicDiversityMicrobesPhytoplanktonMicroorganismsCold-adaptedTreatyEnzymeAntibioticTaxonomicAbundantFoundOrganismsActinomycetesResearchersPhylaContinentArcticDegradationBiomassAerobicBritish AntarcHydrogenHostsWildlifeWidespreadPenguinResearchStrainsResistantExpeditionCrucialRegionLifeCropExtentNaturallyStrainCarbonGenerateWaterMarine
Peninsula7
- In a paper published in the journal Science of the Total Environment , scientists from the University of Chile explain how they collected soil samples from the Antarctic Peninsula between 2017 to 2019. (iflscience.com)
- We know that there is an increasingly frequent and massive transit of people between the Antarctic Peninsula and the rest of the world, mainly through Chile. (iflscience.com)
- Faecal bacteria from 49 Gentoo penguins on the Antarctic Peninsula were identified by biochemical methods and sequencing, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility using agar dilution. (diva-portal.org)
- The present study further assessed a pathogenic relationship between filamentous algal endophytes and a red algal host from the western Antarctic Peninsula. (degruyter.com)
- The shallow coastline along the western Antarctic Peninsula is often dominated by large algal communities (Wiencke and Amsler 2012). (degruyter.com)
- The research team conducted their work at Lake Hodgson, on the Antarctic Peninsula. (forbes.com)
- Palmer Station, the smallest of the US Antarctic Program's research outposts, is located about 700 miles south of Chile on the west Antarctic Peninsula. (bigelow.org)
Antarctica14
- Hyper-resistant" bacteria potentially capable of evading common antibiotics have been discovered in the unforgiving land of Antarctica, according to a new study. (iflscience.com)
- The researchers of this latest study argue that the antibiotic resistance genes they discovered were most likely a result of the bacteria adapting to the extreme conditions of Antarctica. (iflscience.com)
- However, he highlighted how the potential threat posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Antarctica is becoming more likely as human activity becomes an increasing burden on the continent. (iflscience.com)
- The research team at Vostok, the largest subglacial lake on the continent of Antarctica, are studying samples of bacteria from water released after drilling through some 4km of ice to the lake beneath. (afloat.ie)
- Humans have only recently begun to think about using hydrogen as a source of energy, but bacteria in Antarctica have been doing it for a billion years. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- We studied 451 different kinds of bacteria from frozen soils in East Antarctica and found most of them live by using hydrogen from the air as a fuel. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- Among the observers were representatives from The Pew Charitable Trusts, the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition, and the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators. (pewtrusts.org)
- For this project we will do fieldwork on Rothera Research Station on Adelaide Island (Antarctica) in collaboration with the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). (nioz.nl)
- Dat zag er zo ontzettend spannend en tof uit, dat ik besloot dat dat mijn grote droom zou worden: onderzoek doen op Antarctica. (nioz.nl)
- Deschampsia Antarctica (Da) and Colobanthus quitensis (Cq), the only two native Antarctic plants, served as models for our investigation into the diversity of microbial communities and probable sources. (pulsus.com)
- Scientists at the British Antarctic Survey have announced that they've confirmed the presence of life in samples of mud from the bottom of a subglacial lake in Antarctica. (forbes.com)
- This is the first study to attempt transplanting a significant area of moss carpet to minimize anthropogenic environmental damage in Antarctica and to use metabarcoding as a proxy to assess diversity associated with Antarctic moss carpets, further highlighting the importance of such habitats for other organisms and their importance for conservation. (nerc.ac.uk)
- To do this, we studied the inter- and intra-specific variations in bacterial community composition in the stomach contents of sympatrically breeding Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) Penguins, which consumed a diet of 100% Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) under a similar foraging regime on Signy Island (maritime Antarctic), using a high-throughput DNA sequencing approach. (bas.ac.uk)
- The scientists traveled to Antarctica to study the relationship between phytoplankton and bacteria and learn how one critical compound may help shape microbial communities in the icy Southern Ocean. (bigelow.org)
Species7
- 2023). Register of Antarctic Marine Species. (marinespecies.org)
- Denitrifying bacteria have been identified in over 50 genera with over 125 different species and are estimated to represent 10-15% of bacteria population in water, soil and sediment. (wikipedia.org)
- Ribosomal RNA analysis confirmed that filamentous cyanobacteria Phormidesmis priestleyi , also found in Antarctic lakes and marshes, is the predominant species contributing to granule formation and growth. (wattsupwiththat.com)
- Analysis also showed that granule diameter surpassing 250μm due to growth of P. priestleyi leads to change of bacterium species inhabiting cryoconite granules. (wattsupwiththat.com)
- Antarctic moss carpets typically comprise low moss species diversity and are often monospecific. (nerc.ac.uk)
- Novel Psychrobacter species from Antarctic ornithogenic soils. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The finding marks the first time this phenomenon hasbeen detected in the Antarctic species of so-called extremophiles . (space.com)
Soils2
- The data obtained therefore confirmed the potential application of this cold-tolerant strain in the bioremediation of diesel-contaminated Antarctic soils at low temperature. (bas.ac.uk)
- Denitrification is performed by a variety of denitrifying bacteria that are widely distributed in soils and sediments and that use oxidized nitrogen compounds in absence of oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor. (wikipedia.org)
Fungi8
- This group of bacteria, together with denitrifying fungi and archaea, is capable of performing denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- Supercharging SIP in the Fungal Hyphosphere Applying high-throughput stable isotope probing to the study of a particular fungi, researchers identified novel interactions between bacteria and the fungi. (doe.gov)
- This constant flow of water means that the immobile animals host many bacteria , viruses and fungi in complex microbiomes. (earth.com)
- We targeted 16S rRNA for Bacteria and Archaea, ITS for Fungi and Viridiplantae and Cox1 for Metazoa. (nerc.ac.uk)
- We detected DNA representing 263 taxa from five Kingdoms (Chromista, Fungi, Metazoa, Protista and Viridiplantae), two Domains (Archaea and Bacteria) and 33 Phyla associated with the carpet. (nerc.ac.uk)
- Both microbes are types of Archaea,one of the three major types of life along with Bacteria (another class ofmicrobes) and Eukaryotes (a group that includes animals, plants, fungi and Protists,e.g. paramecium, algae, protozoa and slime molds). (space.com)
- Hyderabad, Feb 19 : In a first, researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad (IIT-H) have isolated a strain of a fungi, found in the Antarctic region, which could lead to development of new cheaper treatment with fewer side effects for a common childhood cancer. (india4u.com)
- However, the newly isolated Antarctic fungi was found to have L-Asparaginase free of glutaminase and urease. (india4u.com)
RRNA1
- The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from reference strains by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical tests. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Lichen1
- The present invention relates to the novel use (anti-inflammatory activity) of Ramalin isolated from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata, and more specifically to a pharmaceutical composition containing Ramalin as an active ingredient. (justia.com)
Viruses4
- iPHoP: A Matchmaker for Phages and their Hosts Building on existing virus-host prediction approaches, a new tool combines and evaluates multiple predictions to reliably match viruses with their archaea and bacteria hosts. (doe.gov)
- We want to know which viruses in Antarctic waters infect which algae and how important this process is in determining who is present and when. (nioz.nl)
- Would it be simple forms of life such as bacteria, viruses or algae, or more advanced, multi-cellular creatures, perhaps even intelligent beings? (howstuffworks.com)
- Viruses associated with Antarctic wildlife: From serology based detection to identification of genomes using high throughput sequencing. (cdc.gov)
Scientists5
- #MarineLife - Scientists from Russia say they have found a new form of bacterial life in Antarctic water cut off from the surface for millions of years, as BBC News reports . (afloat.ie)
- A study published Aug. 14 in Earth System Dynamics - one that took more than 2 years and 50,000 computer simulations to complete, combining information from 26 atmospheric, oceanic, and ice sheet models from four polar regions - has helped scientists hone their forecasts for this century's Antarctic thaw. (livescience.com)
- The bacteria and plankton tell scientists about climate change. (euronews.com)
- The scientists uncovered several different types of known bacterial groups, but were forced to conclude in their paper that 23% or the organisms they found could only be classed as "unidentified bacterium. (forbes.com)
- The cycling of DMSP provides a narrow focal point through which the scientists can study the complex relationship between bacteria and phytoplankton. (bigelow.org)
Bacterial1
- A recent paper in AoB PLANTS demonstrates the application of Live/Dead bacterial viability testing with confocal imaging on fresh tissue sections as a simple and efficient tool for documenting native endophytic bacteria, and also showed extensive bacterial colonization in the peri-space between the cell wall and the plasma membrane in the growing shoot-tip region of banana. (botany.one)
Genes3
- Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
- For the first time we were able to conclusively show that genes and enzymes produced in bacteria from sponges are responsible for the production of these compounds toxic to humans," said Agarwal, co-first author of the paper along with Scripps researcher Jessica Blanton. (earth.com)
- Screening the samples for any DNA that might be present turned up genes that promoted dormancy, Dr. Goordial said, implying that suspended animation may be the only survival option for a bacterium that winds up in University Valley. (theglobeandmail.com)
Algae2
- Cryoconite granules (see Figure 1) are dark, millimeter-sized aggregations of bacteria and algae, mineral particles and organic matter that form on the surface of glaciers. (wattsupwiththat.com)
- Microorganisms (algae and bacteria) form the base of the food chain in our oceans and play an important role in the global nutrient cycle and are responsible for 50% of the oxygen that is produced on earth. (nioz.nl)
Epiphytic1
- The plant microbiome includes pathogenic, symbiotic, epiphytic and endophytic bacteria. (botany.one)
Heterotrophic1
- Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in activated sludge. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Diversity3
- Because the diversity of denitrifying bacteria is so large, this group can thrive in a wide range of habitats including some extreme environments such as environments that are highly saline and high in temperature. (wikipedia.org)
- In the paper, the researchers noted that "the subglacial units in the Lake Hodgson sediment cores have demonstrated that a high diversity of life at relatively low biomass is present in Antarctic subglacial lake sediments. (forbes.com)
- Bacteria was the most abundant, rich and diverse group, with Chromista second in diversity and richness. (nerc.ac.uk)
Microbes1
- Endophytic bacteria, microbes living in plant tissue, can change how a plant grows. (botany.one)
Phytoplankton3
- We need to understand how phytoplankton and bacteria interact throughout the entire ocean, but we have to start small," Matrai said. (bigelow.org)
- Phytoplankton and bacteria depend on each other to grow and survive. (bigelow.org)
- In the same way that humans rely on a healthy relationship with the bacteria inside us, there is a similar codependency between phytoplankton and bacteria in the ocean. (bigelow.org)
Microorganisms2
- However, since the introduction of non-native organisms, including microorganisms, into the Antarctic or between the distinct biogeographical regions within the continent is not permitted under the Antarctic Treaty, it is crucial to discover native oil-degrading, psychrotolerant microorganisms that can be used in diesel bioremediation. (bas.ac.uk)
- Additionally, microorganisms which employ this type of metabolism may be employed in bioremediation, as shown by a 2006 study of hydrocarbon contamination in the Antarctic, as well as a 2016 study which successfully increased the rates of denitrification by altering the environment housing the bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Cold-adapted3
- Response surface methodology optimisation and kinetics of diesel degradation by a cold-adapted Antarctic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. (bas.ac.uk)
- Cold-adapted enzymes from Antarctic bacteria are used as a basis. (daitime.com)
- The kind of cold-adapted enzymes the researchers used for their studies can be found in bacteria and fish that live in ice water, for example. (daitime.com)
Treaty2
- The meeting provided an opportunity for the scientific committees for the Antarctic Treaty and CCAMLR to bring together experts from around the world to discuss better integration of climate change considerations in the management policies governing Antarctica's land and the surrounding Southern Ocean. (pewtrusts.org)
- In May 2016, the 39th annual Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) took place in Santiago, Chile, where world leaders gathered to discuss regulations governing human activities in the Antarctic and assess the effects of research operations on the region. (pewtrusts.org)
Enzyme3
- We discovered more than a quarter of these Antarctic soil bacteria create an enzyme called RuBisCO, which is what lets plants use sunlight to capture carbon dioxide from air and convert it into biomass. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- The company sequenced one of the bacteria to discover a "DNA-releasing enzyme," and set out to commercialize that chemical. (genomeweb.com)
- Currently, the L-Asparaginase enzyme used for chemotherapy is derived from commonly found bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. (india4u.com)
Antibiotic4
- Antibiotic resistance is accelerated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, but it is possible for bacteria to naturally evolve antibiotic resistance mechanisms. (iflscience.com)
- However, it is also possible for bacteria to naturally evolve antibiotic resistance mechanisms. (iflscience.com)
- Dr Andrés Marcoleta, leader of the study from the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Chile, explains that this antibiotic resistance is held within "mobile fragments" of DNA that can be easily passed to other bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. (iflscience.com)
- Automated annotation of mobile antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria: the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Annotator (MARA) and database. (cdc.gov)
Taxonomic1
- Distribution of isoprenoid quinone structural types in bacteria and their taxonomic implication. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Abundant4
- Thomas, P., & Reddy, K. M. (2013) Microscopic elucidation of abundant endophytic bacteria colonizing the cell wall-plasma membrane peri-space in the shoot-tip tissue of banana. (botany.one)
- The S9, which targets live bacteria, showed abundant green-fluorescing particles along the host cell periphery in CLSM, apparently in between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. (botany.one)
- Propidium iodide, which stains dead bacteria, did not detect any, but post-ethanol treatment, both PI and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole detected abundant bacteria. (botany.one)
- The abundant tissue colonization suggests a possible involvement of endophytes in the biology of the host besides recognizing cell wall-plasma membrane peri-space as a major niche for plant-associated bacteria. (botany.one)
Found10
- They found bacteria of the Polaromonas group capable of pumping out enzymes with the potential to inactivate beta-lactam-type antibiotics, which are essential for treatment of various infections. (iflscience.com)
- The IWAI ruled out the presence avian flu, and dismissed suggestions that dredging of the canal might have disturbed bacteria in the sediment, as the infected swans were found some distance from the current dredging site. (afloat.ie)
- Through genetic analysis, we also found these bacteria diverged from their cousins in other continents approximately a billion years ago. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- However, we found more than 99% of the RuBisCO-containing bacteria were unable to capture sunlight. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- Denitrifying bacteria have been found to play a significant role in the oxidation of methane (CH4) (where methane is converted to CO2, water, and energy) in deep freshwater bodies of water. (wikipedia.org)
- Despite Antarctica's isolation, however, human- or animal-related pathogens have been found there, or in the sub-Antarctic islands. (cdc.gov)
- In 2013, he and his team identified the coldest living organism known, a soil-dwelling bacterium found on Ellesmere Island that can remain metabolically active down to -25 C. (theglobeandmail.com)
- In addition, Earth life is possible outside the bounds of extreme conditions found on Earth (for example, the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans can tolerate levels of radiation not found naturally on present-day Earth, and Escherichia coli apparently can tolerate hydrostatic pressures greater than 10 times the pressures in the deepest ocean trenches 1 , 2 ). (nationalacademies.org)
- That possibility of contamination hovers over other claims that life has been found in Antarctic Lake Vostok. (forbes.com)
- Psychrophiles are organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures in the range of -20 degree Celsius to +10 degree Celsius, such as those found in the Antarctic region. (india4u.com)
Organisms1
- Biofilms are a mixture of complex communities of organisms mostly composed of diverse bacteria that vary depending on the surrounding environmental conditions induced by physical and chemical factors. (intechopen.com)
Actinomycetes1
- Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and coryneform bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Researchers1
- The researchers wondered whether computer simulations of the chemical reactions they catalyzed could predict the small number of mutations in Antarctic enzymes that could result in an increase in their optimum temperature. (daitime.com)
Phyla1
- Denitrifying bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that encompass many different phyla. (wikipedia.org)
Continent1
- The meeting marked the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Madrid Protocol, which established a ban on mining and mineral extraction on the Antarctic continent and in the Southern Ocean. (pewtrusts.org)
Degradation2
Biomass1
- By adopting a "hydrogen economy", these bacteria fulfil their needs for energy, biomass, and hydration. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
Aerobic1
- The majority of denitrifying bacteria are facultative aerobic heterotrophs that switch from aerobic respiration to denitrification when oxygen as an available terminal electron acceptor (TEA) runs out. (wikipedia.org)
British Antarc2
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is a component of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). (bas.ac.uk)
- We doen ons veldwerkonderzoek in samenwerking met de British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in een project dat onderdeel is van het Nederlands Polair Programma (NPP) van de Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschap en Onderzoek (NWO). (nioz.nl)
Hydrogen8
- More remarkably, our research suggests that 90% of Antarctic soil bacteria may scavenge hydrogen from the air. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- Only a tiny fraction of air is hydrogen, but there's so much air it makes an unlimited supply of fuel for bacteria that can harvest it. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- The bacteria gain energy from hydrogen, methane and carbon by combining them with oxygen in a chemical process that is like a very slow kind of burning. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- Our experiments showed the bacteria consume atmospheric hydrogen even at temperatures of -20°C, and they can consume enough to cover all their energy requirements. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- Other bacteria can access this carbon by "eating" their hydrogen-powered neighbours or the carbon-rich ooze they produce. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- When you burn hydrogen, or when the bacteria harvest energy from it, the only by-product is water. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- By our calculations, the rates of hydrogen-powered water production are sufficient to rehydrate an entire Antarctic cell within just two weeks. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- The minimalist hydrogen-dependent lifestyle of Antarctic soil bacteria redefines our understanding of what is the very least required for life on Earth. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
Hosts1
Wildlife1
- The high degree of isolation potentially protects Antarctic wildlife from diseases distributed in other areas of the world ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Widespread1
- This study was aimed at generating microscopic evidence of intra-tissue colonization in banana in support of the previous findings on widespread association of endophytic bacteria with the shoot tips of field-grown plants and micropropagated cultures, and to understand the extent of tissue colonization. (botany.one)
Penguin1
- Because the isolates were retrieved from macaroni penguin chicks, we concluded that the animals had acquired the infection locally and that this was likely an instance of introduction of a pathogen to the Antarctic region. (cdc.gov)
Research2
- We give you an exclusive look inside an Antarctic research station closed to tourists during the pandemic. (euronews.com)
- Today, when it's not possoble to visit in-person, we take you on a virtual journey to this Antarctic research base. (euronews.com)
Strains1
Resistant1
Expedition1
- Studying its history, we might find the keys to our future," said the leader of the 25th Antarctic expedition, the geophysicist Yurii Otruba. (euronews.com)
Crucial1
- Despite the crucial roles these bacteria play, it is unclear how the rhizosphere was created and acquired. (pulsus.com)
Region1
- Petroleum hydrocarbons, notably diesel oil, are the main energy source for running amenities in the Antarctic region and are the major cause of pollution in this area. (bas.ac.uk)
Life2
- MPAs were widely recognized as an essential tool for providing climate change reference areas, establishing refuge areas for marine life, and promoting understanding of the impacts of fishing on Antarctic marine ecosystems. (pewtrusts.org)
- Dr. Goordial and her colleagues still expected to find one kind of life - bacteria - showing up in relative abundance in the valley's permafrost. (theglobeandmail.com)
Crop1
- Endophytic bacteria are becoming increasingly recognized in crop production on account of their potential utility as agents in plant growth promotion, stress alleviation and phytoremediation. (botany.one)
Extent1
- Propidium iodide showed clear nuclear staining, as did S9 to some extent, and the fluorophores appeared to detect bacteria at the exclusion of DNA-containing plant organelles as gathered from bright-field and phase-contrast microscopy. (botany.one)
Naturally1
Strain1
- C. jejuni is not normally distributed among Antarctic animals ( 1 , 2 ), which indicates that this strain may have been imported through human activities. (cdc.gov)
Carbon1
- Around 1% of Antarctic soil bacteria can use methane, and some 30% can use carbon monoxide. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
Generate2
- So the ability to generate water from "thin air" may explain how these bacteria have been able to exist in this environment for millions of years. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- Denitrifying bacteria use denitrification to generate ATP. (wikipedia.org)
Water2
- Making water is an important bonus for Antarctic bacteria. (hello-tomorrow-apac.org)
- The melting of the Antarctic ice sheet has long been a relatively minor factor in the steady ascent of high-water marks, responsible for about an eighth of the 3 millimeters of annual sea-level rise. (livescience.com)
Marine5
- He is now a Professor of Marine Ecophysiology and Chemical Ecology at UAB and works on Antarctic ecosystems. (degruyter.com)
- Marine protected areas (MPAs) were also a popular topic in the margins of the meeting as the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) continues to pursue its mandate to establish a representative network of large-scale MPAs in the Southern Ocean. (pewtrusts.org)
- Pew advocates for large-scale marine reserves in the Antarctic and will continue to work with ATCM and CCAMLR representatives to ensure that management measures are based on the best available science and to set aside sensitive areas for protection. (pewtrusts.org)
- Nisma studeert Freshwater and Marine Biology aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA) en dit veldwerk maakt deel uit van haar eindproject. (nioz.nl)
- DMSP provides essential nutrients to marine bacteria and leads to the release of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) - a gas that helps form clouds and may therefore play a key role in regulating the Earth's climate. (bigelow.org)