Antagonist calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase type 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here we report that extinction is triggered by two hippocampal signaling pathways underlying retrieval (the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways) and two other mechanisms that become activated at the same time and are not necessary for retrieval (N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamatergic receptors and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling pathway). (unboundmedicine.com)
From the 13 known AQPs in (-)-Epicatechin IC50 our body, AQP1 (16), AQP3 (17), and AQP5 (18) likewise have been proven to endure translocation towards the plasma membrane in response to hormonal activation of particular G protein-coupled receptors. (healthanddietblog.info)
Impact of beta and gamma variants on ligand-binding properties of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
5-Hydroxytryptamine type 2A receptors regulate cyclic AMP accumulation in a neuronal cell line by protein kinase C-dependent and calcium/calmodulin-dependent mechanisms. (aspetjournals.org)
Transfected muscarinic acetylcholine receptors selectively couple to Gi-type G proteins and Gq/11. (aspetjournals.org)
The endothelin-1-mediated spontaneous Ca 2+ transients were abolished by application of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), an antagonist of Ins(1,4,5) P 3 receptors. (biologists.com)
Cannabinoids exert many of their effects through activation of G i -protein-coupled receptors. (jneurosci.org)
Both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors also couple to adenylate cyclase via G-proteins. (jneurosci.org)
whereas dopamine D2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase via G i -proteins ( Sibley and Monsma, 1992 ). (jneurosci.org)
Many types of opioid receptors (e.g., μ , κ , δ ) exist in the nervous system, and they are all typical inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) [ 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
What are the six general types of signal transducer receptors? (flashcardmachine.com)
What are physical characteristics found in all tyrosine kinase receptors? (flashcardmachine.com)
2007. Serotonin increases L-type Ca2+ current and SR Ca2+ content through 5-HT4 receptors in failing rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. (badrilla.com)
Peimine (Pm), an anti-inflammatory compound from Fritillaria , is known to inhibit some voltage-dependent ion channels and muscarinic receptors, but its interaction with ligand-gated ion channels remains unexplored. (mdpi.com)
Dopamine acts in the striatum through the D 1 and D 2 subfamilies of G-protein-coupled receptors. (jneurosci.org)
D 1 receptors are coupled to G S /G olf and increase cAMP production, whereas D 2 receptors are coupled to G i /G o and decrease cAMP. (jneurosci.org)
Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) participate in a very broad spectrum of biological processes through their enzymatic activity and as ligands for membrane and soluble receptors. (ijbs.com)
this is flanked by a series of upstream repressor elements for REST, Freud-1/CC2D1A and Freud-2/CC2D1B factors that not only restrict its expression to neurons, but may also regulate the level of expression of 5-HT1A receptors in various subsets of neurons, including serotonergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)

We hypothesized that an imbalance of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation may be involved in delayed neuronal death after ischemia. (nih.gov)
Specifically, knocking out eEF2K in mice eliminated phosphorylation of eEF2 at threonine at position 56, resulting in increased protein synthesis, and made mice resistant both biochemically and behaviorally to the antidepressant effects of ketamine. (haifa.ac.il)
and would depend on calmodulin activation and phosphorylation of AQP1 at two threonine residues by proteins kinase C. This immediate mechanism offers a rationale for the adjustments in drinking water transportation that are needed in response to continuously changing local mobile drinking water availability. (healthanddietblog.info)
Our data display that manipulating quick AQP1 translocation, which may be observed in main astrocytes aswell as model cell lines, modulates adjustments in cell quantity and that quick subcellular localization of AQP1 needs extracellular calcium mineral influx, TRP stations, calmodulin, and particular phosphorylation at two known PKC sites, Thr-157 and Thr-239. (healthanddietblog.info)
2005. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase modulates cardiac ryanodine receptor phosphorylation and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak in heart failure. (badrilla.com)
Enhanced phosphorylation of phospholamban and downregulation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase type 2 (SERCA 2) in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum from rabbits with heart failure. (badrilla.com)
2007. Decreased phosphorylation levels of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C in human and experimental heart failure. (badrilla.com)
2008. Adenylyl Cyclase Type VI Increases Akt Activity and Phospholamban Phosphorylation in Cardiac Myocytes. (badrilla.com)
Here we show that methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) phosphorylation at Ser421 (pMeCP2) is essential for the sustained, but not the rapid, antidepressant effects of ketamine and scopolamine in mice. (nature.com)

This stimulation of cAMP was not Ca 2+ -sensitive and was unaffected by a range of protein kinase inhibitors. (jneurosci.org)
In patients presenting with mild to moderate hypertension, felodipine ER monotherapy is equivalent in efficacy to cardio-selective beta-blockers, thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and other calcium channel antagonists. (statpearls.com)

These kinases play important roles in signalling pathways in the cardiovascular system. (wikipedia.org)
The structure and structure-based modulation of ADAM17 are also described for better understanding of the various ADAM17 regulatory pathways in different cell types or tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

The inhibition phase of CaMKII, which lasted 10 to 20 minutes after administration of ketamine, occurred concurrently with eEF2K-dependent increased protein synthesis. (haifa.ac.il)
Chelating intracellular Ca(2+) or abrogating CaMKK-beta function by gene silencing or chemical inhibition prevented the CO(2)-induced AMPK activation in AECs. (ilh-giessen.de)
Inhibition or downregulation of AMPK via adenoviral delivery of dominant-negative AMPK-alpha(1) prevented CO(2)-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis. (ilh-giessen.de)
Elevation of glutathione levels by phase II enzyme inducers: lack of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in chronically infected monocytoid cells. (aspetjournals.org)
2008. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 by inhibitor-2 exacerbates progression of cardiac failure in a model with pressure overload. (badrilla.com)
Beurel, E., Song, L. & Jope, R. S. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 is necessary for the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine in mice. (nature.com)
Selective inhibition of acylpeptide hydrolase in SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cells: is this enzyme a viable anticancer target? (cnr.it)

Immunohistochemical and biochemical investigations of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(CaM kinase II) and protein phosphatase (calcineurin) after transient forebrain ischemia demonstrated that the activity of CaM kinase II was decreased in the CA1 region of the hippocampus early (6-12 hours) after ischemia. (nih.gov)
FN furthermore inhibited Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CaMKIV) and also calcineurin leading to a decrease in the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-dependent cFos along with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1β expression, as well as NFATc1 fischer translocation. (sb590885inhibitor.com)
Calcineurin (CN) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase first identified in brain and also known as protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B). (pancreapedia.org)
Calcineurin (Cn) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase first identified in extracts of mammalian brain (68, 94). (pancreapedia.org)

How is the insulin tyrosine kinase receptor unusual? (flashcardmachine.com)
How is a tyrosine kinase receptor activated? (flashcardmachine.com)

Both effects of endothelin-1 were blocked by an antagonist of phospholipase C, suggesting that Ins(1,4,5) P 3 and/or diacylglycerol production was necessary. (biologists.com)
Gintonin-mediated activation of the I Ks channels was blocked by an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, an active phospholipase C inhibitor, an IP 3 receptor antagonist, and the calcium chelator BAPTA. (molcells.org)
In accord with our hypothesis that the link from Ca 2+ to cAMP synthesis is mediated by a Ca 2+ -dependent phospholipase C we found that W-7 was not active in the phospholipase C knockout mutant. (biomedcentral.com)

Methods: To unravel the mechanism of action of ketamine, we treated wild-type C57BL/6 mice with calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) specific inhibitor tatCN21 peptide. (haifa.ac.il)
Importantly, systemic administration of the CaMKII inhibitor tatCN21 increased global protein synthesis and induced behavioral resistance to ketamine. (haifa.ac.il)
Concanamycin A, an inhibitor of the V-type H + -pump, blocked the Ca 2+ -leakage elicited by W-7 as well as cAMP-oscillations in the presence of W-7. (biomedcentral.com)

calmodulin like 5 [Source:HGNC Sym. (gsea-msigdb.org)
GATA binding protein 3 [Source:HGNC Sym. (gsea-msigdb.org)

CAMK2G and CAMK2D belong to the same calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase subfamily. (wikipedia.org)

AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
CnA ( Figure 1 ) contains the catalytic domain, which is homologous to other serine/threonine protein phosphatases (4). (pancreapedia.org)
A family of doublecortin domain-containing serine-threonine kinases that were originally identified in neuronal cells. (bvsalud.org)

Calcium binds to and regulates the small regulatory protein calmodulin that in turn binds to and regulates several hundred calmodulin binding proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The Calcium Hypothesis was thus extended as the Calmodulin Hypothesis since CaM not only binds to and regulates CaMBPs critical to learning and memory but also proteins involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and tangles, hallmarks of AD [ 41 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

mTOR-dependent synapse formation underlies the rapid antidepressant effects of NMDA antagonists. (nature.com)

sPLA 2 s contain 6 to 8 disulphide bonds, a highly conserved His/Asp catalytic dyad, and a Ca 2+ -binding loop [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)

The discovery that mutations in sarcomere protein genes cause HCM has enabled the development of mouse models that recapitulate clinical manifestations of disease. (rupress.org)
Some genes are expressed at near-maximal levels within 30 min, whereas others show no substantial induction until 2 hr or more after stimulation. (jneurosci.org)
Some of the induced genes, such as CREM, CHOP, and MAP kinase phosphatase-1, may be components of a homeostatic response to excessive stimulation. (jneurosci.org)

Many protein components of this signaling cascade have been cloned and characterized: Strikingly, many exist as different isoforms, the number of which is further increased through mechanisms of alternative splicing of the primary transcripts. (schoolbag.info)
G protein signaling modulator 2 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Protein kinase D1 (PKD1), together with PKD2 and PKD3, constitute a family classified within the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase superfamily 7 . (nature.com)

Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)

Gintonin, a novel, ginseng-derived G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, elicits [Ca 2+ ] i transients in neuronal and non-neuronal cells via pertussis toxin-sensitive and pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins. (molcells.org)

Treatment of the pertussis toxin-treated cells with cholera toxin before CB1 receptor activation amplified the stimulatory pathway, suggesting that this response was mediated through a G s -type G-protein. (jneurosci.org)

Fig. 4: BDNF-dependent pMeCP2 mediates the sustained antidepressant response of scopolamine. (nature.com)

Oxidative stress is an important activator of PKD1 in cellular models, but its capacity to activate this kinase in vivo is largely unknown. (nature.com)
Activator of protein kinase A (cyclic AMP agonist). (biolog.de)

Conclusions: Our data suggest that drugs that selectively target CaMKs and regulate protein synthesis offer novel strategies for treatment of major depressive disorder. (haifa.ac.il)
Template 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine monophosphate inhibits in vitro DNA synthesis. (aspetjournals.org)
In the pancreatic acinar cell CN plays a role in mediating the action of elevated Ca 2+ to stimulate cell division, pancreatic growth and protein synthesis. (pancreapedia.org)

With a series of deletion/point mutants, we identified CaM antagonist-responsive region in the putative Sp1-binding domain between -295 to -300 base pairs of DR5 gene. (oncotarget.com)

We studied the mechanisms regulating CO(2)-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and alveolar epithelial dysfunction in rats. (ilh-giessen.de)
2008. Intracellular mechanisms of specific beta-adrenoceptor antagonists involved in improved cardiac function and survival in a genetic model of heart failure. (badrilla.com)
We investigated the effects of calmodulin(CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine(TFP) and tamoxifen(TMX), on TRA-8-induced apoptosis and tumorigenesis of TRA-8-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, and underlying mechanisms. (oncotarget.com)
The other clinical scenarios include PH due to left heart disease (Group 2), PH due to lung disease or hypoxia (Group 3), PH due to chronic thromboembolic disease (Group 4), and PH due to unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms (Group 5). (encyclopedia.pub)

Gintonin-mediated activation of both the I Ks channel was also blocked by the calmodulin (CaM) blocker calmidazolium. (molcells.org)

Direct rules by AQP gene manifestation and/or AQP proteins degradation may be accomplished over a period level from hours to times (9, 10). (healthanddietblog.info)
2014. Design of a Phase 2b Trial of Intracoronary Administration of AAV1/SERCA2a in Patients With Advanced Heart FailureThe CUPID 2 Trial (Calcium Up-Regulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease Phase 2b). (badrilla.com)
Explore our solutions for multiple applications - vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, cell or gene therapy. (vwr.com)

ERK and Akt are two kinases regulating the cellular signalling surrounding apoptosis of neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
Excitotoxic production of ROS elevates death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) activity, which provokes neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and seizure models 8 . (nature.com)
Altogether, we have demonstrated that CaM antagonists enhance TRA-8-induced apoptosis of TRA-8-resistant pancreatic cancer cells by increasing DR5 expression and enhancing recruitment of apoptotic signal while decreasing survival signals in DR5-associated DISC. (oncotarget.com)

Increased cAMP can activate protein kinase A, which phosphorylates the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). (jneurosci.org)

PLN is a small transmembrane protein expressed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cardiac myocytes, which interacts with the Ca2+-pump of the SR and inhibits Ca2+ transport by this pump. (badrilla.com)
Channels formed from KCNQ proteins consist of homomeric tetramers or heteromeric tetramers containing KCNQ as the α-subunit, and each KCNQ subunit is composed of six α-helical transmembrane segments (S1-S6). (molcells.org)

Since oxidative stress activates protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in tumor cells, we investigated the effect of excitotoxicity on neuronal PKD1 activity. (nature.com)

Characterization of [3H]Ba 679 BR, a slowly dissociating muscarinic antagonist, in human lung: radioligand binding and autoradiographic mapping. (aspetjournals.org)

Ivanušec A, Šribar J, Križaj I. Secreted Phospholipases A 2 - not just Enzymes: Revisited. (ijbs.com)
Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) (EC 3.1.1.4) are a structurally related group of low-molecular-mass enzymes (14-18 kDa) that catalyse the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids (phospholipids hereafter) at their sn -2 position, to produce lysophospholipids and free fatty acids. (ijbs.com)

A cell-penetrant peptide blocking C9ORF72-repeat RNA nuclear export reduces the neurotoxic effects of dipeptide repeat proteins. (le.ac.uk)

Studies in these models have provided unexpected insights into the biophysical and biochemical properties of mutated contractile proteins and may help to improve clinical diagnosis and management of patients with HCM. (rupress.org)
Although biochemical and biophysical assays and cell biology experiments advance these insights, full elucidation of the pathophysiology caused by human disease requires a broader approach, including assessment of the impact that cells with a pathogenic mutation have on neighboring cells that do not express the mutant protein and consideration of system-wide responses to a diseased organ. (rupress.org)

Antitumor immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies is considered selective and efficient in the treatment of different types of tumors, but its cost and toxic effects limit its application. (researchgate.net)

Moreover, ketamine administration-dependent delayed induction of GluA1 (24 hours) was regulated by the activation of CaMKII. (haifa.ac.il)

Cannabinoids act at the CB1 receptor to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. (jneurosci.org)

The first step in vascular smooth muscle contraction is the influx of calcium into the smooth muscle cell via voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels. (statpearls.com)

Reduced cytosolic calcium decreases peripheral vascular resistance, resulting in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. (statpearls.com)

Cytosolic calcium binding to calmodulin follows this action, resulting in the activation of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK). (statpearls.com)
To investigate the role of Ca2+ in mitochondrial function, insulin secretion from INS-1 cells stably expressing the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin in the appropriate compartments was correlated with changes in cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]c) and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m). (123dok.net)

Nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion is dependent upon the generation of metabolic coupling factors in the mitochondria of the pancreatic B cell. (123dok.net)

Protein phosphatase activity is increased in a rat model of long-term beta-adrenergic stimulation. (badrilla.com)
They are classified according to their dependence on certain divalent metal ions for phosphatase activity and Cn is uniquely dependent upon Ca 2+ . (pancreapedia.org)
We show that W-7 acts on an acidic Ca 2+ -store: it abolished ATP-dependent vesicular acidification, inhibited V-type H + ATPase activity more potently than the weaker antagonist W-5 and caused vesicular Ca 2+ -leakage. (biomedcentral.com)
Three areas of physiological engagement of sPLA 2 -BPs have appeared most clearly: cellular transport and signalling, and regulation of the enzymatic activity of sPLA 2 s. (ijbs.com)
The enzymatic activity of sPLA 2 s define their participation in a very broad spectrum of biological processes. (ijbs.com)
For instance, GIII, GV and GX sPLA 2 s efficiently hydrolyse phosphatidylcholine, while GIIA sPLA 2 has higher activity against negatively charged phospholipid substrates, and in particular, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. (ijbs.com)
sPLA 2 isoforms have unique tissue and cellular distributions, and therefore it is evident that individual sPLA 2 s have distinct enzyme-activity-related biological functions. (ijbs.com)

Activation of AMPK was mediated by a CO(2)-triggered increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta (CaMKK-beta). (ilh-giessen.de)
The cannabinoid receptor-stimulated accumulation of cAMP was blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by SR141716A, suggesting that the response was regulated through the CB1 receptor. (jneurosci.org)
We found that gintonin enhances I Ks channel currents in concentration- and voltage-dependent manners. (molcells.org)

cysteine rich hydrophobic domain 2. (gsea-msigdb.org)
cysteine rich protein 1 [Source:HGNC Sy. (gsea-msigdb.org)

What proteins does IRS-1 bind to in order to activate Raf-1? (flashcardmachine.com)

Elevated CO(2) levels caused a rapid activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in AECs, a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis. (ilh-giessen.de)

The control of cellular water flow is mediated with the aquaporin (AQP) category of membrane proteins. (healthanddietblog.info)
Within this research, we combined laser (-)-Epicatechin IC50 beam scanning confocal microscopy of chimeras of AQP1 with green fluorescent proteins (AQP1-GFP), calcium mineral imaging, and mutagenesis to determine that AQP1 translocation underpins the rules of cellular drinking water flow, as assessed by adjustments in cell quantity. (healthanddietblog.info)
Calcium is a universal second messenger that controls many cellular reactions. (schoolbag.info)

G protein subunit gamma transducin 1 [S. (gsea-msigdb.org)

We also used eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) (also known as CaMKIII) knockout mice. (haifa.ac.il)

The aggregative enzyme (ACA) is activated following cAMP-binding to the G-protein coupled cell surface cAMP receptor (cAR1). (biomedcentral.com)

Due to the multifunctionality of sPLA 2 s, they appear to be exceptional pharmacological targets. (ijbs.com)

E2F transcription factor 2 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)
The Nobel Prize-winning modification that prevents the innate immune system from recognizing injected mRNA as foreign and blocking transcription of the protein it encodes has been found on some occasions to cause ribosomal frameshifting. (bioworld.com)

Several sPLA 2 isoforms have been described in mammals. (ijbs.com)

Calcium dysregulation ("Calcium Hypothesis") is an early and critical event in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Many of these proteins are linked to multiple neurodegenerative diseases indicating that calmodulin binding proteins lie at the heart of neuroinflammatory events associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Since many calmodulin-based pharmaceuticals have been successfully used to treat Huntington's and other neurodegenerative diseases, these findings argue for their immediate therapeutic implementation. (biomedcentral.com)
At least three common themes appear to underlie all well-studied neurodegenerative diseases: disruptive protein deposits, calcium dysregulation and neuroinflammation. (biomedcentral.com)

Like the other dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers, felodipine blocks the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels and prevents calcium entry into the smooth muscle cell. (statpearls.com)

Background: Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, which on administration produces fast-acting antidepressant responses in patients with major depressive disorder. (haifa.ac.il)
Fig. 1: BDNF-dependent pMeCP2 is essential for sustained antidepressant response of ketamine. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: CREB and MEF2C are not involved in the sustained effects of ketamine. (nature.com)

Morphine tolerance refers to the gradual decrease in the potency of a drug following its long-term administration at a fixed dose and usually requires higher and higher doses to maintain the initial level of analgesia [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

MBP interferes with the regular signalling of these two kinases, causing cell death through the activation of ERK and inactivation of Akt. (wikipedia.org)
The B-Raf protein is involved in sending signals inside cells which are involved in directing cell growth. (sb590885inhibitor.com)
The transformation in cell quantity that outcomes from the transportation of drinking water Rabbit Polyclonal to EDG5 across natural membranes is regarded as reliant on PKC and calcium mineral, aswell as the current presence of transient receptor potential (TRP) stations and AQPs (20C22). (healthanddietblog.info)
ADAM17 is a metalloprotease and disintegrin that lodges in the plasmatic membrane of several cell types and is able to cleave a wide variety of cell surface proteins. (frontiersin.org)
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAM), originally named metalloproteinases disintegrin cystein-rich (MDC), are membrane-anchored cell surface proteins containing both disintegrin and metalloproteinase domains. (frontiersin.org)
It is estimated that as much as 10% of the cell surface proteins undergo ectodomain shedding. (frontiersin.org)
To guarantee the specificity of the signal transmission, the cell organizes dynamically the Ca 2+ fluctuations in the cytosol by varying the distribution, the type, and the availability of the different Ca 2+ transporters, and it increases the spatial and temporal complexity of Ca 2+ homeostasis by compartmentalizing the signals into the organelles. (schoolbag.info)
This group also found that while both receptor subtypes were seen in the membranes and cytoplasm of cell bodies, the β 2 receptor subtype, but not the β 1 , was localized to the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
We used microarrays to examine the transcriptional responses of the human BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cell line to retinoic acid-induced differentiation and type I IFN stimulation. (gsea-msigdb.org)
epithelial cell transforming 2 [So. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Wada N , Funabiki K , Nakanishi S . Role of granule-cell transmission in memory trace of cerebellum-dependent optokinetic motor learning. (neurotree.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms6

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes18

Information Science3

Receptors18

Phosphorylation9

Inhibitors2

Pathways4

Inhibition7

Calcineurin4

Tyrosine kinase2

Phospholipase3

Inhibitor3

Source:HGNC Sym2

Subfamily1

Serine3

Regulates2

NMDA1

Highly conserved1

Genes3

Signaling2

Superfamily1

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Receptor ligand1

Pathway1

Scopolamine1

Activator2

Synthesis3

Putative1

Mechanisms4

Calmidazolium1

Gene3

Apoptosis3

Phosphorylates1

Transmembrane2

Activates1

Muscarinic1

Phospholipases2

Nuclear1

Biochemical2

Antibodies1

CaMKII1

Pertussis toxin-sensitive1

Influx of calcium1

Resistance1

Cytosolic calcium2

Secretion1

Activity7

Concentration3

Cysteine rich2

Activate1

Regulator1

Cellular3

Subunit1

Eukaryotic1

Enzyme1

Pharmacological1

Transcription2

Isoforms1

Neurodegenerative diseases4

Voltage-dependent1

Ketamine3

Initial1

Cell11