Ankle fractures unstable trimalleolar fractures fractures comminuted. Medical search. Frequent questions

The ankle joint is composed of 3 main articulations: the talocalcaneal (subtalar), transverse-tarsal (talocalaneonavicular), and tibiotalar (talocrural) joints. (medscape.com)
Isolated transverse or vertical sacral fractures ( Fig. 15.36 ) are rare and have to be differentiated from insufficiency fractures in osteopenia that have usually both a vertical and horizontal course. (radiologykey.com)
A lateral force vector characteristically causes transverse fractures of the pubic rami, vertical compression fractures of the sacrum, and fractures of the iliac wings, as well as pelvic instability caused by rotation of one or both hemipelvises (rotational instability). (radiologykey.com)
Fracture of the transverse process of L5 where the iliolumbar ligament attaches is a harbinger of an unstable pelvic injury. (radiologykey.com)

When accompanied by medial malleolus fracture or with deltoid ligament rupture the ankle is considered unstable. (ankleinfo.net)
All of them were closed fractures, including 20 cases of medial malleolus fracture, 37 cases of complete medial malleolus but deep and shallow rupture of deltoid ligament. (bvsalud.org)

The true ankle joint is the tibiotalar joint (between the tibia, fibula, and talus). (medscape.com)
In 33-50%, ankle dislocations are at least first-degree open and are associated with fracture of the tibia, fibula, or talus. (medscape.com)
The ankle joint is a highly constrained, complex hinge joint composed of three bones: the tibia, the fibula, and the talus. (wikipedia.org)
The talus and the fibula are connected by a strong group of ligaments, which provide support for the lateral aspect of the ankle. (wikipedia.org)
However, in the setting of an ankle fracture, the talus can become unstable and subluxate or dislocate. (wikipedia.org)
1) Anatomy: The ankle joint is made up of the medial malleolus (distal tibia), the lateral malleolus (distal fibula), posterior malleolus (distal posterior portion of tibia) all of which fit tightly around the talus to form the mortise. (emory.edu)
Pilon Fractures: The talus is driven upward into the tibial plafond resulting a comminuted intraarticular trimaleolar fracture with extension into the distal tibial metaphysis usually from a fall from height. (emory.edu)
The medial clear space (MCS), tibiofibular clear space (TFCS), and distal fibular tip to lateral process of talus (DFTL) were measured on the X-ray films of ankle points. (bvsalud.org)

In associated fractures, tenderness, deformity, or tenting proximal to the joint may be seen. (medscape.com)
In addition to these views, a full-length view of the tibia and fibula may be necessary to evaluate for injuries to the proximal fibula associated with Maisonneuve fractures. (wikipedia.org)
The fracture is proximal to the plafond, and may be as high as fibular neck (Maisonneuve) with associated syndesmotic injury. (ankleinfo.net)

C - Fractures above the joint line, generally with syndesmotic injury. (ankleinfo.net)
Treatment can be nonoperative or operative depending on fracture displacement, ankle stability, presence of syndesmotic injury, and patient activity demands. (orthobullets.com)

The stability of the ankle is maintained by 3 groups of ligaments: the tibiofibular syndesmosis, the deltoid ligament, and the lateral collateral ligaments. (medscape.com)
Researchers argue that this is due in part to the strength of the ankle joint ligaments and the relative weakness of the bones that make up the ankle. (medscape.com)
Because all ligaments stabilizing the osseous pelvic ring (e.g., iliolumbar, anterior and posterior sacroiliac, and sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments) are affected in this type of injury, the pelvic instability is most severe and both rotationally and vertically unstable. (radiologykey.com)
Full repair of ligaments and cartilage can improve the internal fixation strength and joint stability of the ankle joint. (bvsalud.org)

Difficulty of ambulation, age over 65 years old, deteriorated baseline state and instability of the fracture were the most frequently considered factors. (bioscientifica.com)

Damage to adjacent structures such as nerves, muscles or blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots (for spine fractures), or cranial contents (for skull fractures) may cause other specific signs and symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading. (radiopaedia.org)
6. Fredø HL, Rizvi SA, Lied B, Rønning P, Helseth E. The epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine fractures: a prospective population study from Norway. (radiopaedia.org)

The Ottawa ankle rules determine the necessity of obtaining x-rays in patients with acute ankle injuries. (wikipedia.org)
Ankle fractures are very common injuries to the ankle which generally occur due to a twisting mechanism. (orthobullets.com)
Stable pelvic fractures ( Fig. 15.34 ) do not disrupt the osseous ring formed by the pelvis and sacrum (type 1 injuries) or disrupt it in only one place (type 2 injuries), whereas unstable fractures ( Fig. 15.35 ) completely disrupt the ring in two or more places (type 3 injuries). (radiologykey.com)
Type 1 injuries include avulsion fractures that occur at tendinous attachment sites, such as the anterosuperior and anteroinferior iliac spines, ischial tuberosity, and iliac crest. (radiologykey.com)
Type 2 injuries (single break in the pelvic ring) include ipsilateral fractures of the superior and inferior pubic (ischiopubic) rami, fracture of the pubic body adjacent to the symphysis, subluxation of one sacroiliac joint ( Fig. 15.37 ) or the pubic symphysis, and a fracture paralleling the sacroiliac joint ( Fig. 15.38 ). (radiologykey.com)
Type 3 injuries (double breaks in the pelvic ring) include straddle fractures (vertical fractures of both superior pubic and ischiopubic rami or unilateral vertical rami fractures associated with symphyseal diastasis) ( Fig. 15.39 ) and injuries with complete disruption of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring (e.g. (radiologykey.com)
Pelvic fractures are frequently associated with severe soft tissue injuries, including vascular lacerations, compression or disruption of peripheral nerves, and perforation of the urinary bladder, urethra, rectosigmoid, and anus. (radiologykey.com)
BACKGROUND: Ankle syndesmosis injuries are common and range in severity from subclinical to grossly unstable. (bvsalud.org)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of ultrasonography to detect early stage supination-external rotation (SER) ankle syndesmosis injuries with a dynamic external rotational stress test. (bvsalud.org)
While slip and fall cases can be brought about by simple slip-and-fall injuries, there are also cases when people are injured due to falling objects, unstable surfaces, and other dangerous conditions. (mullenpersonalinjurylawyers.com)

It is also important to palpate the calf proximally (near the knee) because there may be an associated high fibula fracture[citation needed](Maisonneuve fracture). (wikipedia.org)

The quality of reduction of distal tibial articular surface (based on Ketz-Sanders standard), the reduction of tibiofibular syndesmosis (the anterior and posterior distances of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the lateral ankle twist angle measured by CT scan at 10 mm above the ankle joint line), and the fracture healing were evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
There was no significant difference in the MCS, TFCS, DFTL, anterior distance of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, posterior distance of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, and lateral ankle twist angle between the affected and healthy sides at 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). (bvsalud.org)
It can not only reduce wound complications, but also improve the quality of joint reduction of the ankle joint and distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. (bvsalud.org)

Ankle dislocation is a relatively common type of dislocation encountered in the emergency department. (medscape.com)
It occurs in 2 forms: (1) true dislocation without fracture and (2) fracture-dislocation, which occurs in the vast majority of cases. (medscape.com)
Possible risk factors that may predispose a patient to dislocation include joint hyperlaxity, internal malleolar hypoplasia, peroneal muscle weakness, and a history of prior ankle sprains. (medscape.com)
Dislocation of the upper ankle joint without fracture is described in the literature as very rare. (medscape.com)
Because of the large amount of force required and the inherent stability of the tibiotalar joint, dislocation of the ankle joint is rarely seen without an associated fracture. (medscape.com)
A systematic review of English literature identified 154 cases of pure ankle dislocation and demonstrated that sporting accidents (31%) and motor vehicle accidents (30%) are the most common causes. (medscape.com)
Fracture-dislocation of the ankle represents substantial injury to the bony and soft tissue structures of the ankle. (medscape.com)
Malgaigne fracture, bucket handle fracture, and pelvic "dislocation") ( Fig. 15.40 ). (radiologykey.com)
An anteroposterior or posteroanterior force vector produces vertically oriented pubic rami fractures and disruption of the pubic symphysis and the sacroiliac joints, resulting in pelvic "dislocation" ("sprung" pelvis or "open book" injury). (radiologykey.com)

An inferosuperior force vector produces vertically oriented fractures of the pubic rami and disruption of the sacroiliac joints and sacral or ilial fractures, paralleling this joint. (radiologykey.com)

[ 8 ] Researchers report that with open ankle fractures, the rate of arthrosis increased with age, and use of a syndesmosis screw had a positive but not a statistically significant effect on clinical and functional outcomes. (medscape.com)
A - Fracture below the syndesmosis. (ankleinfo.net)

The deltoid ligament provides support to the medial part of the ankle (closest to the midline). (wikipedia.org)

One form of malunion is the malrotation of a bone, which is especially common after femoral and tibial fractures. (wikipedia.org)

In addition to standard plain radiographs, CT scan may be useful in highly comminuted fractures for mapping out fracture anatomy and preoperative planning. (ankleinfo.net)
Diagnosis is made with plain radiographs of the ankle. (orthobullets.com)

METHODS: The clinical data of 57 patients with closed Lauge-Hansen pronation-external rotation type â £ ankle fracture treated by full repair strategy (fracture, ligament, and cartilage repair) under small incision between January 2012 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. (bvsalud.org)

The fibular fracture may require a bridging technique or a nail. (ankleinfo.net)

Symptoms of an ankle fracture can be similar to those of ankle sprains (pain, swelling, limited range of motion), though typically they are often more severe by comparison. (wikipedia.org)

[ 3 ] Ankle dislocations without fracture occur when significant force applied to the joint results in loss of opposition of the articular surfaces. (medscape.com)
These fractures occur commonly in children before closure of the corresponding physis (cartilage plate) and athletes secondary to forcible muscular contraction. (radiologykey.com)

The mortise view is an AP x-ray taken with the ankle internally rotated 15-20 degrees since the foot is naturally externally rotated relative to the ankle. (wikipedia.org)
Comminuted fracture of fibula above ankle mortise with medial malleolar fracture or deltoid injury. (ankleinfo.net)

Ankle fractures account for 9% of all fractures, second highest in adults, only preceded by femoral neck fractures. (ankleinfo.net)

Inspection of the ankle reveals significant edema, with deformity ranging from trace to obvious. (medscape.com)
Secondary survey for apparent intoxication and ankle deformity. (emory.edu)

Ankle dislocations are orthopedic emergencies that require immediate treatment to avoid neurovascular impairment. (medscape.com)
Classification systems of pelvic fractures combining the direction of the force that created the injury with the fracture pattern seen radiographically allow a highly specific injury description and are preferred by orthopedic surgeons ( Table 15.1 ). (radiologykey.com)
Before and after operation, the pain and functional improvement of ankle joint were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) score and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Association (AOFAS) score, and the activities of ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion were measured. (bvsalud.org)

Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. (wikipedia.org)

The likelihood of a second break in the pelvic ring (type 3 injury) increases with a greater degree of joint diastasis or fracture displacement at the primary injury site. (radiologykey.com)

B - Fracture begins at joint level and extends proximally in an oblique fashion. (ankleinfo.net)

Another common type 1 injury represents a unilateral pubic ramus fracture (usually in the superior ramus) occurring in elderly patients after a fall or prosthetic hip replacement surgery and in athletes as stress fracture. (radiologykey.com)

Weber B) The SER fracture type II, has no medial injury, mechanically stable and do not require surgery. (ankleinfo.net)
Hutchinson and Barrie suggested that the majority of ankle fractures seen in clinic are stable, are not likely to displace and do not require plaster casting to achieve union in a good position. (ankleinfo.net)
They reviewed 163 patients with stable ankle fractures over a period of 8 years. (ankleinfo.net)

It is exceedingly rare for the ankle joint to dislocate in the presence of ligamentous injury alone. (wikipedia.org)

METHODS: Nine, all male, fresh frozen specimens were secured to an ankle rig and stress tested to 10 Nm of external rotational torque with ultrasonography at the tibiofibular clear space. (bvsalud.org)

Ankle fractures may result from excessive stress on the joint such as from rolling an ankle or from blunt trauma. (wikipedia.org)
Osteoporotic ankle fractures result from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily result in fracture, known as 'low-energy' trauma, such as those equivalent to a fall from a standing height or less. (bioscientifica.com)
[1] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . (wikipedia.org)

The authors conducted a narrative review of the literature on primary tibiotalocalcaneal nailing of ankle fractures in frail patients and categorized the different factors to consider when treatment is indicated for this conditon. (bioscientifica.com)

The ankle region refers to where the leg meets the foot (talocrural region). (wikipedia.org)

Ankle stability largely dictates non-operative vs. operative treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Non-operative treatment includes splinting or casting while operative treatment includes fixing the fracture with metal implants through an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). (wikipedia.org)
Non-operative treatment of unstable ankle fractures is associated with a non-union rate of between 48 and 73% compared to 0 and 19% after operative treatment. (ankleinfo.net)

For ankle dislocations without fracture, imaging via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan allows a detailed evaluation of injury severity. (medscape.com)
Typically evaluation begins with x-rays, which can provide information about the mechanism of injury, severity of injury, and stability of fracture. (wikipedia.org)
Management of ankle fractures depends on accurate determination of the nature and severity of the injury. (ankleinfo.net)

In the unstable jumper's fracture ( Fig. 15.41 ), dissociation of the central portions of the sacrum from its lateral portions occurs by bilateral vertical sacral fractures, most commonly through the neural foramina representing the weakest points in the sacrum. (radiologykey.com)
C2 (~30%) and C7 (~20%) are the most commonly fractured levels 7 . (radiopaedia.org)

Immediate complications - occurs at the time of the fracture. (wikipedia.org)

Ankle fractures are common, occurring in over 1.8 per 1000 adults and 1 per 1000 children per year. (wikipedia.org)
Most common ankle fracture. (ankleinfo.net)
hence, in children, cervical fractures are more common in upper vertebrae. (radiopaedia.org)

Clinical and functional results have been found to be worse in patients with open ankle fractures. (medscape.com)
Amongst multiply injured patients ankle fractures are prognostically important, being related to poor functional outcomes. (ankleinfo.net)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of full repair strategy under small incision in the treatment of closed Lauge-Hansen pronation-external rotation type â £ ankle fracture. (bvsalud.org)

In potentially unstable fractures treated non-operatively with cast application, it may be necessary to follow the patient weekly with serial x-rays to assess the position of the fracture, with cast removal at approximately 6 weeks depending on clinical and radiographic evidence of healing. (ankleinfo.net)

Some studies have directly compared the outcome of conservative and surgical treatment, however it is difficult to establish a sound conclusion due to flaws in study designs, smaller no of patients and variation in fracture patterns. (ankleinfo.net)

Treatment depends on the fracture type. (wikipedia.org)

This is known as an open fracture and has a high incidence of infection if not promptly treated. (wikipedia.org)

The decision to operate on these patients is complex because conservative treatment is poorly tolerated in unstable fractures and conventional open reduction and internal fixation is associated with a high rate of complications. (bioscientifica.com)
Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
[5] Complications of fractures may be classified into three broad groups, depending upon their time of occurrence. (wikipedia.org)
Early complications - occurring in the initial few days after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
Late complications - occurring a long time after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)

showed there was insufficient evidence to justify surgical management of type B ankle fractures. (ankleinfo.net)
CONCLUSION: Full-repair strategy under small incisions for the treatment of Lauge-Hansen pronation-external rotation type â £ ankle fracture is effective and safe. (bvsalud.org)

This is based on, firstly the position of the foot at the time of injury, and secondly the deforming force on the ankle. (ankleinfo.net)

The skin should be carefully examined, paying particular attention to any openings or breaks in the skin that could be due to an open fracture. (wikipedia.org)

The SER IV fracture has a medial component: either a medial malleolar fracture or a deltoid rupture. (ankleinfo.net)

It is important to evaluate the exact location of the pain, the range of motion of the ankle, and the condition of the nerves and blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)

An ankle fracture is a break of one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. (wikipedia.org)

Patients with ankle fractures may have variable findings on physical examination. (wikipedia.org)
Osteoporotic ankle fractures in frail patients are becoming more and more frequent in daily practice and represent a therapeutic challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. (bioscientifica.com)
The main problems with frail patients are the poor condition of the soft tissues around the ankle, dependence for activities of daily living and high comorbidity. (bioscientifica.com)

In a displaced, fracture the skin is sometimes tented over a sharp edge of broken bone. (wikipedia.org)
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx , F x , or # ) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. (wikipedia.org)
In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture . (wikipedia.org)
Stages in Fracture Repair: The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. (wikipedia.org)
The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and surrounding tissues bleed, forming a fracture hematoma . (wikipedia.org)

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